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常熟市梅李中学2015届高三年级第三次模拟考试

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2015届5月高三第三次模拟考试试卷(苏锡常镇)

2015届5月高三第三次模拟考试试卷(苏锡常镇)

2015届高三模拟考试试卷(苏锡常镇)数 学(满分160分，考试时间120分钟)2015．5 参考公式：样本数据x 1，x 2，…，x n 的方差s 2＝1n(x i －x －)2，其中x －＝.一、 填空题：本大题共14小题，每小题5分，共70分． 1. 已知i 是虚数单位，复数z ＝3＋i1＋i对应的点在第________象限．2. 设全集U ＝R ，集合A ＝{x|－1≤x ≤3}，集合B ＝{x|x ＞1}，则A ∩∁U B ＝____________．3. 已知数列{a n }的通项公式为a n ＝2n －1，则数据a 1，a 2，a 3，a 4，a 5的方差为____________．4. “x ＞3”是“x ＞5”的____________条件．(填“充要”“充分不必要”“必要不充分”或“既不充分也不必要”)5. 若双曲线x 2－y 2a＝1(a ＞0)的一个焦点到一条渐近线的距离等于3，则此双曲线方程为____________ .6. 根据右图所示的流程图，输出的结果T 为__________．(第6题)7. 在1和9之间插入三个正数，使这五个数成等比数列，则插入的三个数的和为__________．8. 在不等式组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y ≤x ，0＜x ≤3，y ＞1x所表示的平面区域内的所有格点(横、纵坐标均为整数的点称为格点)中任取3个点，则该3点恰能作为一个三角形的三个顶点的概率为__________．9. 在矩形ABCD 中，对角线AC 与相邻两边所成的角为α，β，则有cos 2α＋cos 2β＝1.类比到空间中的一个正确命题是：在长方体ABCDA 1B 1C 1D 1中，对角线AC 1与相邻三个面所成的角为α，β，γ，则有____________．10. 已知圆C ：(x －a)2＋(y －a)2＝1(a ＞0)与直线y ＝3x 相交于P ，Q 两点，若∠PCQ ＝90°，则实数a ＝______________．11. 分别在曲线y ＝e x 与直线y ＝ex －1上各取一点M 与N ，则MN 的最小值为__________．12. 已知向量a ，b 满足|a|＝2，|b|＝1，且对一切实数x ，|a ＋x b |≥|a ＋b|恒成立，则a 与b 的夹角大小为____________．13. 已知x ，y 均为正数，θ∈⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π4，π2，且满足sin θx ＝cos θy ，cos 2θx 2＋sin 2θy 2＝103（x 2＋y 2），则xy的值为__________． 14. 已知a 为正的常数，若不等式1＋x ≥1＋x 2－x 2a对一切非负实数x 恒成立，则a 的最大值为____________．二、 解答题：本大题共6小题，共90分. 解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．15. (本小题满分14分)如图，△ABC 中，B ＝π4，角A 的平分线AD 交BC 于点D ，设∠BAD ＝α，sin α＝55.(1) 求sin ∠BAC 和sinC ；(2) 若BA →·BC →＝28，求AC 的长．16. (本小题满分14分)已知四棱锥SABCD的底面ABCD是边长为2的正方形，侧面SAB是等边三角形，侧面SCD是以CD为斜边的直角三角形，E为CD的中点，M为SB的中点．(1) 求证：CM∥平面SAE；(2) 求证：SE⊥平面SAB；(3) 求三棱锥SAED的体积．17. (本小题满分14分)已知等差数列{a n}的公差d不为0，且a3＝a27，a2＝a4＋a6.(1) 求数列{a n}的通项公式；(2) 设数列{a n}的前n项和为S n，求满足S n－2a n－20＞0的所有正整数n的集合．18. (本小题满分16分)如图，设A ，B 分别是椭圆E ：x 2a 2＋y 2b2＝1(a ＞b ＞0)的右顶点和上顶点，过原点O 作直线交线段AB 于点M(异于点A ，B)，交椭圆于C ，D 两点(点C 在第一象限内)，△ABC 与△ABD 的面积分别为S 1与S 2.(1) 若M 是线段AB 的中点，直线OM 的方程为y ＝x3，求椭圆E 的离心率；(2) 当点M 在线段AB 上运动时，求S 1S 2的最大值．如图所示，有两条道路OM与ON，∠MON＝60°，现要铺设三条下水管道OA，OB，AB(其中A，B分别在OM，ON上)，若下水管道的总长度为3 km.设OA＝a(km)，OB＝b(km)．(1) 求b关于a的函数表达式，并指出a的取值范围；(2) 已知点P处有一个污水总管的接口，点P到OM的距离PH为34km，到点O的距离PO为74km，问下水管道AB能否经过污水总管的接口点P？若能，求出a的值；若不能，请说明理由．已知a 为正的常数，函数f(x)＝|ax －x 2|＋lnx. (1) 若a ＝2，求函数f(x)的单调增区间；(2) 设g(x)＝f （x ）x，求函数g(x)在区间[1，e]上的最小值.2013届高三模拟考试试卷(八)数学附加题(满分40分，考试时间30分钟)21. 【选做题】 在A 、B 、C 、D 四小题中只能选做2题，每小题10分，共20分．若多做，则按作答的前两题计分．解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．A. (选修41：几何证明选讲)如图，ABCD 为圆内接四边形，延长两组对边分别交于点E ，F ，∠AFB 的平分线分别交AB ，CD 于点H ，K.求证：EH ＝EK.B. (选修42：矩阵与变换)已知A(0，0)，B(2，0)，C(2，2)在矩阵M ＝⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤a b c d 对应变换的作用下，得到的对应点分别为A′(0，0)，B ′(3，1)，C ′(0，2)．求矩阵M .C. (选修44：坐标系与参数方程)已知曲线C 的参数方程为⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ＝2cos θ，y ＝2sin θ(θ为参数)，直线l 的极坐标方程为ρsin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫θ－π4＝1，直线l 与曲线C 交于M ，N 两点，求MN 的长．D. (选修45：不等式选讲)已知常数a 满足－1＜a ＜1，解关于x 的不等式：ax ＋|x ＋1|≤1.【必做题】 第22、23题，每小题10分，共20分．解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．22. 已知抛物线C 1：y 2＝x ＋1和抛物线C 2：y 2＝－x －a 在交点处的两条切线互相垂直，求实数a 的值．23.已知数列{b n }满足b 1＝12，1b n＋b n －1＝2(n ≥2，n ∈N *)．(1) 求b 2，b 3，猜想数列{b n }的通项公式，并用数学归纳法证明；(2) 设x ＝b n n ，y ＝b n ＋1n ，比较x x 与y y的大小．2013届高三模拟考试试卷(八)(苏锡常镇)数学参考答案及评分标准1. 四2. {x|－1≤x ≤1}3. 84. 必要不充分5. x 2－y 23＝1 6. 7127. 43＋3 8.9109. cos 2α＋cos 2β＋cos 2γ＝2 10. 52 11. 1＋e 21＋e 212. 3π4 13. 3 14. 815. 解：(1) ∵ α∈⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0，π2，sin α＝55＝15，∴ cos α＝1－sin 2α＝25.(2分)则sin ∠BAC ＝sin2α＝2sin αcos α＝2×15×25＝45.(4分)∴ cos ∠BAC ＝2cos 2α－1＝2×45－1＝35.(5分)∴ sinC ＝sin ⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤π－⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π4＋2α＝sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π4＋2α＝22cos2α＋22sin2α(7分)＝22×35＋22×45＝7210.(8分) (2) 由正弦定理，得AB sinC ＝BC sin ∠BAC ，即AB 7210＝BC45，∴ AB ＝728BC.(10分)∵ BA →·BC →＝28，∴ AB ·BC ·22＝28.由以上两式解得BC ＝4 2.(12分)又由AC sinB ＝BC sin ∠BAC ，得AC 22＝BC 45.∴ AC ＝5.(14分)16. (1) 证明：取SA 的中点N ，连MN ，∵ M 为SB 的中点，N 为SA 的中点，∴ MN ∥AB ，且MN ＝12AB.(2分)又E 为CD 的中点，∴ CE ∥AB ，且CE ＝12AB.(3分)∴ MN ∥CE 且MN ＝CE ，(4分) ∴ CENM 为平行四边形，(5分) ∴ CM ∥EN.又EN 平面SAE ，CM 平面SAE ，∴ CM ∥平面SAE.(7分)(2) 证明：∵ 侧面SCD 是直角三角形，∠CSD 为直角，E 为CD 的中点，∴ SE ＝1. 又SA ＝AB ＝2，AE ＝5，∴ SA 2＋SE 2＝AE 2. 则ES ⊥SA.(9分) 同理可证ES ⊥SB.∵ SA ∩SB ＝S ，∴ SE ⊥平面SAB.(11分)(3) 解：V S AED ＝12V S AEB ＝12V E SAB ＝12×13×34×4×1＝36.(14分)⎝⎛⎭⎫注：若直接证明并求出锥SAED 的高为32得2分17. 解：(1) 由a 3＝a 27，得a 1＋2d ＝(a 1＋6d)2. ①由a 2＝a 4＋a 6，得a 1＋d ＝2a 1＋8d ，即a 1＝－7d. ②(2分) ②代入①，得－5d ＝d 2.∴ d ＝－5，或d ＝0(不符合题意，舍去)． 则a 1＝35.(4分)∴ a n ＝35＋(n －1)(－5)＝－5n ＋40.(6分)(2) S n ＝（35－5n ＋40）n 2＝n （75－5n ）2.(8分)不等式S n －2a n －20＞0，即n （75－5n ）2－2(－5n ＋40)－20＞0. 整理得n 2－19n ＋40＜0.(10分) ∴19－2012＜n ＜19＋2012.(12分) 则19－142＜n ＜19＋142，即52＜n ＜332.∵ n ∈N *，∴ 所求n 的集合为{3，4，…，16}．(14分)18. 解：(1) 由题设，得A(a ，0)，B(0，b)，则点M ⎝⎛⎭⎫a 2，b 2.因为点M 在直线y ＝x 3上，所以b ＝a3.(2分)从而c ＝a 2－b 2＝a 2－a 29＝22a 3，故椭圆E 离心率e ＝c a ＝223.(4分)(2) 设C(x 0，y 0)(x 0＞0，y 0＞0)，则x 20a 2＋y 20b2＝1，D(－x 0，－y 0)．由题设，直线AB 的方程为x a ＋yb＝1，即ax ＋by －ab ＝0.因为点C 在直线AB 的上方，所以点C 到直线AB 的距离h C ＝|bx 0＋ay 0－ab|a 2＋b 2＝bx 0＋ay 0－aba 2＋b 2.(6分)同理可得点D 到直线AB 的距离h D ＝bx 0＋ay 0＋aba 2＋b2.(8分)因为x 20a 2＋y 20b2＝1，即b 2x 20＋a 2y 20＝a 2b 2，且bx 0＞0，ay 0＞0， 所以bx 0＋ay 0≤2b 2x 20＋a 2y 202＝2a 2b 22＝2ab.(11分)当且仅当bx 0＝ay 0时等号成立．由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧b 2x 20＋a 2y 20＝a 2b 2，bx 0＝ay 0，得⎩⎨⎧x 0＝22a ，y 0＝22b.(14分)因此，S 1S 2＝h C h D ＝bx 0＋ay 0－ab bx 0＋ay 0＋ab ＝1－2ab bx 0＋ay 0＋ab ≤1－2ab 2ab ＋ab＝3－22，所以，当⎩⎨⎧x 0＝22a ，y 0＝22b时，S1S 2取得最大值，最大值为3－22.(16分)19. 解：(1) ∵ OA ＋OB ＋AB ＝3，∴ AB ＝3－a －b. ∵ ∠MON ＝60°，由余弦定理，得AB 2＝a 2＋b 2－2abcos60°. ∴ (3－a －b)2＝a 2＋b 2＋ab.(2分) 整理，得b ＝2a －3a －2.(4分)由a ＞0，b ＞0，3－a －b ＞0，及a ＋b ＞3－a －b ，a ＋3－a －b ＞b ，b ＋3－a －b ＞a ，得0＜a ＜32.综上，b ＝2a －3a －2，0＜a ＜32.(7分)(2) 以O 为原点，OM 为x 轴，建立如图所示的直角坐标系．(8分)∵ PH ＝34，PO ＝74，∴ 点P ⎝⎛⎭⎫12，34.(9分)假设AB 过点P.∵ A(a ，0)，B ⎝⎛⎭⎫12b ，32b ，即B ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12·2a －3a －2，32·2a －3a －2， ∴ 直线AP 方程为y ＝3412－a (x －a)，即y ＝32－4a (x －a)．(11分) 将点B 代入，得32·2a －3a －2＝32－4a ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12·2a －3a －2－a . 化简，得6a 2－10a ＋3＝0.(13分)∴ a ＝5±76.(14分)a ＝5±76∈⎝⎛⎭⎫0，32，(15分)答：下水管道AB 能经过污水总管的接口点P ，a ＝5±76(km)．(16分)20. 解：(1) 由a ＝2，得f(x)＝|2x －x 2|＋lnx(x ＞0)，当0＜x ＜2时，f(x)＝2x －x 2＋lnx ，f ′(x)＝2－2x ＋1x ＝－2x 2＋2x ＋1x.由f′(x)＝0得－2x 2＋2x ＋1＝0，解得x ＝1＋32，或x ＝1－32(舍去)．当0＜x ＜1＋32时，f ′(x)＞0；1＋32＜x ＜2时，f ′(x)＜0.∴ 函数f(x)的单调增区间为⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫0，1＋32.(3分)当x ＞2时，f(x)＝x 2－2x ＋lnx ，f ′(x)＝2x －2＋1x ＝2x 2－2x ＋1x.由f′(x)＝0得2x 2－2x ＋1＝0.f(x)在(2，＋∞)上为增函数．(5分)∴ 函数f(x)的单调增区间为⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫0，1＋32，(2，＋∞)．(6分)(2) g(x)＝f （x ）x ＝|x －a|＋lnxx，x ∈[1，e]．① 若a ≤1，则g(x)＝x －a ＋lnxx .则g′(x)＝1＋1－lnx x 2＝x 2＋1－lnx x 2.(8分)∵ x ∈[1，e]，∴ 0≤lnx ≤1，∴ 1－lnx ≥0，x 2＋1－lnx ＞0，∴ g ′(x)＞0. ∴ g(x)在[1，e]上为增函数，∴ g(x)的最小值为f(1)＝1－a.(10分)② 若a ≥e ，则g(x)＝a －x ＋lnxx ，则g′(x)＝－1＋1－lnx x 2＝－x 2＋1－lnx x 2，令h(x)＝－x 2＋1－lnx ，则h′(x)＝－2x －1x＜0.∴ h(x)在[1，e]上为减函数，则h(x)≤h(1)＝0.∴ g(x)在[1，e]上为减函数，∴ g(x)的最小值为g(e)＝a －e ＋1e.(13分)③ 当1＜a ＜e ，g(x)＝⎩⎨⎧x －a ＋lnxx，x ∈（a ，e]，a －x ＋lnxx，x ∈[1，a]，由①，②知g(x)在[1，a]上为减函数，在[a ，e]上为增函数，∴ g(x)的最小值为g(a)＝lnaa.(15分)综上得g(x)的最小值为g(a)＝⎩⎨⎧1－a ，a ≤1，lnaa ，1＜a ＜e ，a －e ＋1e ，a ≥e.(16分)2013届高三模拟考试试卷(八)(苏锡常镇)数学附加题参考答案及评分标准21. A. 证明：∵ ∠EHK ＝∠1＋∠A ，∠EKH ＝∠2＋∠FCK ，(2分) 又HF 为∠AFB 的平分线，∴ ∠1＝∠2.(4分)∵ ABCD 为圆内接四边形，∴ ∠FCK ＝∠A.(6分) ∴ ∠EHK ＝∠EKH.(8分) ∴ EH ＝EK.(10分)B. 解：由条件，得⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤a b c d ⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤20＝⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤3 1.(2分) ∴ ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2a ＝3，2c ＝1.则a ＝32，c ＝12.(4分)又⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤a b c d ⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤22＝⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤02，(6分) ∴ ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2a ＋2b ＝0，2c ＋2d ＝2.则b ＝－32，d ＝12.(9分)∴ 矩阵M ＝⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤32 －3212 12.(10分)C. 解：曲线C 的普通方程为x 22＋y 24＝1.(2分)直线l 的直角坐标方程为y ＝x ＋ 2.(4分) 直线l 的方程代入椭圆方程，并化简得 3x 2＋22x －2＝0.(6分)解得x 1＝－2，x 2＝23.所以M(－2，0)，N ⎝⎛⎭⎫23，423.(8分)所以MN ＝⎝⎛⎭⎫－2－232＋⎝⎛⎭⎫4232＝83.(10分)D. 解：① 若x ≥－1，则ax ＋x ＋1≤1.∵ －1＜a ＜1，∴ x ≤0.(2分) 又x ≥－1，∴ －1≤x ≤0.(4分) ② 若x ＜－1，则ax －x －1≤1.∵ －1＜a ＜1，∴ x ≥2a －1.(6分)∵ －1＜a ＜1，∴ 2a －1－(－1)＝a ＋1a －1＜0.∴ 2a －1≤x ＜－1.(8分) 由①②，得2a －1≤x ≤0.(10分)22. 解：因为图形关于x 轴对称，所以不妨设y ＞0，则由y ＝x ＋1得y′＝12x ＋1，同理由y ＝－x －a 得y′＝－12－x －a.(2分) 设交点为(x 0，y 0)，则12x 0＋1·－12－x 0－a＝－1.解得(x 0＋1)(－x 0－a)＝116. ①(4分)又由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y 20＝x 0＋1，y 20＝－x 0－a ，解得x 0＝－a －12，y 20＝1－a 2. ②(6分)由①，②，得⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1－a 22＝116.(8分)因为y 20＝1－a2＞0， 所以1－a 2＝14，得a ＝12.(10分)23. 解：(1) 当n ＝2时，1b 2＋12＝2，解得b 2＝23.当n ＝3时，1b 3＋23＝2，解得b 3＝34.猜想b n ＝nn ＋1.(3分)证明：① 当n ＝1时，b 1＝12.② 假设当n ＝k(k ∈N *)时，即b k ＝kk ＋1.则当n ＝k ＋1时，1b k ＋1＋b k ＝2，即1b k ＋1＋k k ＋1＝2，∴ 1b k ＋1＝2－kk ＋1＝k ＋2k ＋1.b k ＋1＝k ＋1k ＋2也成立．由①②，得b n ＝nn ＋1.(5分)(2) x ＝b n n ＝⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫n n ＋1n ，x x ＝⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫n n ＋1n ()n n ＋1n＝⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫n n ＋1n·()n n ＋1n.(7分)y ＝b n ＋1n ＝⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫n n ＋1n ＋1，y y＝⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫n n ＋1n ＋1()nn ＋1n ＋1＝⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫n n ＋1（n ＋1）·nn ＋1·()n n ＋1n＝⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫n n ＋1n·()n n ＋1n.(9分)∴ x x＝y y.(10分)。

江苏大联考2015届高三第三次联考数学(理)试卷 含答案

江苏大联考2015届高三第三次联考数学(理)试卷 含答案

江苏大联考2015届高三第三次联考·数学试卷考生注意:1。

本试卷共160分.考试时间120分钟。

2。

答题前,考生务必将密封线内的项目填写清楚。

3。

请将各题答案填在试卷后面的答题卷上.4.交卷时,可根据需要在加注“”标志的夹缝处进行裁剪。

5.本试卷主要考试内容:前2次联考内容+数列+不等式。

一、填空题:本大题共14小题，每小题5分,共70分。

把答案填在答题卷中的横线上。

1.设集合M={x｜x2+x-6〈0},N={x|1≤x≤3｝,则M∩N=▲.2。

已知数列｛a n}为等差数列，其前9项和为S9=54,则a5=▲.3。

用12米的绳子围成一个矩形,则这个矩形的面积最大值为▲.4.在等比数列{a n}中,a1=2,若a1,2a2，a3+6成等差数列，则a n=▲ .5。

若tan θ=1，则cos 2θ=▲。

,则a10+a13=6。

已知在等比数列｛a n}中，a3+a6=4,a6+a9=12▲。

=7。

已知a>0，b〉0，ab=4，当a+4b取得最小值时，ab▲。

8.已知平面向量a、b,|a|=3,｜b｜=2√3且a—b与a垂直,则a与b的夹角为▲。

9。

设变量x,y满足约束条件{x+y≥3,则目标函数z=2x+3y的最小值与x-y≥-12x-y≤3最大值的和为▲。

10.若对于任意的x〉0,不等式x≤a恒成立,则实数a的取值范围x2+2x+4为▲.11.已知在各项为正的等比数列｛a n}中,a2与a8的等比中项为8，则4a3+a7取最小值时首项a1= ▲.12。

下面图形由小正方形组成，请观察图1至图4的规律,并依此规律,写出第16个图形中小正方形的个数是▲.13.在数列｛a n}中,若存在一个确定的正整数T，对任意n∈N＊满足a n+T=a n，则称{a n｝是周期数列,T叫做它的周期。

已知数列｛x n}满足x1=1,x2=a(a≤1）,x n+2=｜x n+1—x n|，若数列{x n}的周期为3，则{x n｝的前100项的和为▲.的取值范围是14。

2015级高三第三次模拟考试

2015级高三第三次模拟考试

2015级高三第三次模拟考试（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the woman want to know?A. Where the new ice cream store is.B. When the grocery store opens.C. Where the police station is.2. What color is Mary’s hair?A. Red.B. Brown.C. White.3. What does the woman mean?A. She’ll not go to the game.B. She will do everything later.C. She just wants to cut the grass now.4. Why doesn’t the man want to go to Chicago?A. It is too far away.B. It isn’t as nice as Pittsburgh.C. He hasn’t been to Pittsburgh.5. When might the speakers be talking?A. 9:00 p.m.B. 11:00 p.m.C. 10:00 p.m.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三物理第三次模拟考试试卷

江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三物理第三次模拟考试试卷

江苏省常熟市梅李中学2009届高三第三次模拟考试物理试卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，满分120 分，考试时间100 分钟．第Ⅰ卷(选择题共31分)一、单项选择题：本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题意．1．传感器广泛应用在我们的生产生活中，常用的计算机键盘就是一种传感器。

如图所示，键盘上每一个键的下面都连一小金属片，与该金属片隔有一定空气间隙的是另一小的固定金属片，这两金属片组成一个小电容器。

当键被按下时，此小电容器的电容发生变化，与之相连的电子线路就能够检测出哪个键被按下，从而给出相应的信号。

这种计算机键盘使用的是A．温度传感器B．压力传感器C．磁传感器D．光传感器2．一理想变压器原、副线圈匝数比n1: n2＝11:5，原线圈与正弦交流电源连接，输入电压u如图所示，副线圈仅接入一个10 Ω的电阻，则A. 流过电阻的电流是0.2AB. 与电阻并联的电压表示数是100 2 VC. 经过1分钟电阻发出的热量是6⨯103 JD. 变压器的输入功率是1⨯103 W3．在某星球A表面，宇航员把一质量为m A的重物放地面上(该处的重力加速度设为g A)，现用一轻绳竖直向上提拉重物，让绳中的拉力T由零逐渐增大，可以得到加速度a与拉力T的图象OAB；换到另一个星球C表面重复上述实验，也能得到一个相似的图线OCD，下面关于OCD所描述的物体的质量m c与该地表面的重力加速度g c说法正确的是A．m c>m A，g c≠g A B．m c<m A，g c≠g AC．m c>m A，g c=g A D．m c<m A，g c=g A4．如图所示电路，L1、L2、L3是三盏相同的电灯，当双刀双掷开关S的1、2接线柱与c、d两端连接时，L1、L2、L3的发光情况相同，若将开关S的1、2接线柱与a、b两端连接时，则稳定后观察到的现象是A．L1、L2、L3三盏电灯的亮度相同-2s-B．L1不亮，L2、L3两盏电灯的亮度相同C．L1不亮，L2比L3亮D．L1不亮，L3比L2亮5．某物理研究小组的同学在实验室中做探究实验。

2015届高三物理第三次模拟考试试题

2015届高三物理第三次模拟考试试题

2015年陕西省高考物理三模试卷一、选择题：本题共有8个小题，每小题6分，共48分．在每小题所给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项是正确的，有的有多个选项是正确的．全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分．第1-5为单选，6-8为多选1．（6分）（2015•陕西三模）一根通电直导线水平放置在地球赤道上方，其中通有自西向东的恒定电流，则该导线受到地球磁场的安培力方向为（）A．水平向北B．水平向南C．竖直向上D．竖直向下【考点】：左手定则．【分析】：通过地磁场方向：由地理的南极指向北极，及电流方向，根据左手定则判断安培力的方向．【解析】：解：赤道处的磁场方向从南向北，电流方向自西向东，根据左手定则，安培力的方向竖直向上．故C正确，A、B、D错误．故选：C．【点评】：解决本题的关键掌握左手定则判断磁场方向、电流方向、安培力方向的关系，注意地磁场方向由地理的南极指向北极．2．（6分）（2015•陕西三模）如图所示，在M点分别以不同的速度将两小球水平抛出．两小球分别落在水平地面上的P点、Q点．已知O点是M点在地面上的竖直投影，OP：PQ=1：3，且不考虑空气阻力的影响．下列说法中正确的是（）A．两小球的下落时间之比为1：3B．两小球的下落时间之比为1：4C．两小球的初速度大小之比为1：3D．两小球的初速度大小之比为1：4【考点】：平抛运动．【专题】：平抛运动专题．【分析】：平抛运动在水平方向上做匀速直线运动，在竖直方向上做自由落体运动，根据高度比较运动的时间，结合水平位移和时间求出初速度之比．【解析】：解：A、两球做平抛运动，高度相同，则下落的时间相同，故A、B错误．C、由于两球的水平位移之比为1：4，根据知，两小球的初速度大小之比为1：4，故C 错误，D正确．故选：D．【点评】：解决本题的关键知道平抛运动在水平方向上和竖直方向上的运动规律，知道平抛运动的时间由高度决定，初速度和时间共同决定水平位移．3．（6分）（2015•陕西三模）如图所示，竖直放置在水平面上的轻质弹簧上叠放着两物块A、B，相互绝缘且质量均为2kg，A带正电，电荷量为0.1C，B不带电．开始处于静止状态，若突然加沿竖直方向的匀强电场，此瞬间A对B的压力大小变为15N．g=10m/s2，则（）A．电场强度为50N/C B．电场强度为100N/CC．电场强度为150N/C D．电场强度为200N/C【考点】：匀强电场中电势差和电场强度的关系；电场强度．【专题】：电场力与电势的性质专题．【分析】：先对物体B受力分析求解加速度，再对物体A受力分析求解电场力，最后根据F=Eq 求解电场强度．【解析】：解：物体B开始时平衡，A对其的压力等于A的重力，为20N，加上电场后瞬间A 对B的压力大小变为15N，而弹簧的弹力和重力不变，故合力为5N，向上，根据牛顿第二定律，有：a=再对物体A受力分析，设电场力为F（向上），根据牛顿第二定律，有：FN+F﹣mg=ma解得：F=m（g+a）﹣FN=2×（10+2.5）﹣15=10N故电场力向上，为10N，故场强为：E=向上故选：B．【点评】：本题关键是采用隔离法先后对物体B和A受力分析，然后根据牛顿第二定律多次列方程求解，不难．4．（6分）（2015•陕西三模）如图所示，虚线为电场中的一簇等势面与纸面的交线，相邻两等势面电势差相等，已知A、B两等势面间的电势差为10V，且A的电势高于B的电势．一个电子仅在电场力作用下从M点向N点运动，电子经过M点时的动能为8eV，则电子经过N点时的动能为（）A．16 eV B．7.5 eV C． 4.0 eV D．0.5 eV【考点】：电场线．【分析】：根据电势高低判断电场力对电子做功的正负，运用动能定理求经过N点时的动能．【解析】：解：由题意知，A、B两等势面间的电势差为10V，相邻两等势面电势差相等，则知M、N间的电势差为：U=7.5V．因为A的电势高于B的电势，则知M的电势高于N的电势，电子从M点运动到N点，电场力做负功为：W=﹣7.5eV根据动能定理得：W=EkN﹣EkM则得：EkN=W+EkM=﹣7.5eV+8eV=0.5eV故选：D．【点评】：本题只要掌握动能定理和能量守恒定律，并能用来分析电场中带电粒子运动的问题．5．（6分）（2015•陕西三模）图示的电路中电表均为理想电表，电源为恒流电源，即不管外电路情况如何变化，它都能提供持续且恒定的电流．则当滑动变阻器R0的滑动端向上滑动时，电压表示数的变化量与电流表示数变化量之比的绝对值等于（）A．R0 B．R1 C．R2 D．电源内阻r【考点】：闭合电路的欧姆定律．【专题】：恒定电流专题．【分析】：电源为恒流电源，电源输出的是恒定电流，设为I0，并设滑动端上移前电压表示数为U1，电流表示数为I1．根据欧姆定律和电路的连接关系，得到的表达式，即可作出判断．【解析】：解：设电源输出的恒定电流为I0，R1两端电压为UR1（由于通过它的电流恒定，所以该电压亦恒定），滑动端上移前电压表示数为U1，电流表示数为I1；滑动端上移后，电压表示数为U2，电流表示数为I2（由于R0变大，所以必有U2＞U1，I2＜I1）．于是有，，两式相减得U2﹣U1=（I1﹣I2）R2即故选：C．【点评】：本题是非常规题，要抓住特殊条件：电源为恒流源，分析电压表读数与电流表读数的关系，再求解变化量之比．6．（6分）（2015•陕西三模）物理学中常用比值法定义物理量．下列说法正确的是（）A．用E=定义电场强度B．用C=定义电容器的电容C．用R=ρ定义导线的电阻D．用B=定义磁感应强度【考点】：电容；物理学史．【分析】：所谓比值定义法，就是用两个基本的物理量的“比值”来定义一个新的物理量的方法．比值法定义的基本特点是被定义的物理量往往是反映物质的最本质的属性，它不随定义所用的物理量的大小取舍而改变．【解析】：解：A、E=是电场强度的定义式，采用比值定义法，定义出的电场强度E与F、q 无关．故A正确．B、C=是电容的决定式，C与ɛ、S成正比，与d成反比，这个公式不是比值定义法，故B错误．C、R=是电阻的决定式，R与ρ、l成正比，与S成反比，不符合比值定义法的共性，故C 错误．D、B=是磁感应强度的定义式，采用比值定义法，定义出的磁感应强度B与F、IL无关，故D正确．故选：AD．【点评】：解决本题的关键理解比值定义法的共性：被定义的物理量往往是反映物质的最本质的属性．7．（6分）（2015•陕西三模）图甲中一理想变压器原、副线圈匝数之比为55：6，其原线圈两端接入如图乙所示的正弦交流电，副线圈通过电流表与阻值R=48Ω的负载电阻相连．若交流电压表和交流电流表都是理想电表，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．电压表的示数是24VB．电流表的示数为0.50AC．变压器原线圈得到的功率是12WD．原线圈输入的正弦交变电流的频率是50Hz【考点】：变压器的构造和原理．【专题】：交流电专题．【分析】：由图乙可知交流电压最大值，周期T=0.02s，可由周期求出角速度的值，则可得交流电压u的表达式、由变压器原理可得变压器原、副线圈中的电流之比，Rt处温度升高时，阻值减小，根据负载电阻的变化，可知电流．【解析】：解：A、由图乙可知交流电压有效值为220V，理想变压器原、副线圈匝数之比为55：6，副线圈电压为24V，电压表的示数是24V．电阻为48Ω，所以流过电阻中的电流为0.5A，变压器的输入功率是：P入=P出==12W．故BC正确，A错误；D、由图乙可知交流电周期T=0.01s，可由周期求出正弦交变电流的频率是100Hz，故D错误．故选：BC【点评】：根据图象准确找出已知量，是对学生认图的基本要求，准确掌握理想变压器的特点及电压、电流比与匝数比的关系，是解决本题的关键8．（6分）（2015•陕西三模）导体导电是导体中自由电荷定向移动的结果，这些可以定向移动的电荷又叫载流子，例如金属导体中的载流子就是电子．现代广泛应用的半导体材料分为两大类：一类是N型半导体，其载流子是电子，另一类是P型半导体，其载流子称为“空穴”，相当于带正电的粒子．如果把某种导电材料制成长方体放在匀强磁场中，磁场方向如图所示，且与长方体的前后侧面垂直，当长方体中通有向右的电流I时，测得长方体的上下表面的电势分别为φ上和φ下，则（）A．长方体如果是N型半导体，必有φ上＞φ下B．长方体如果是P型半导体，必有φ上＞φ下C．长方体如果是P型半导体，必有φ上＜φ下D．长方体如果是金属导体，必有φ上＜φ下【考点】：霍尔效应及其应用．【分析】：如果是P型半导体，载流子是正电荷，如果是N型半导体，载流子为电子．抓住电荷在洛伦兹力作用下发生偏转，在上下表面产生电势差，从而确定电势的高低．【解析】：解：A、如果是N型半导体，载流子是负电荷，根据左手定则，负电荷向下偏，则下表面带负电，则φ上＞φ下．故A正确．B、如果是P型半导体，载流子是正电荷，根据左手定则，正电荷向下偏，则下表面带正电，则φ上＜φ下．故B错误，C正确．D、如果是金属导体，则移动的自由电子，根据左手定则，负电荷向下偏，则下表面带负电，则φ上＞φ下．故D错误．故选：AC．【点评】：解决本题的关键理清是什么电荷移动，运用左手定则判断出电荷的偏转方向，从而确定电势的高低．二、实验题（共18分）9．（6分）（2015•陕西三模）测定木块和长木板之间的动摩擦因数时，采用图甲所示的装置（图中长木板水平固定不动）（1）已知重力加速度为g，测得木块质量为M，砝码盘和砝码的总质量为m，木块的加速度为a，则木块和长木板间的动摩擦因数的表达式μ=；（2）图乙为木块在长木板上运动时，打点器在木块拖动的纸带上打出的一部分计数点（相邻计数点之间还有四个计时点没有画出），其编号为0、1、2、3、4、5、6．试利用图中的长度符号x1、x2和表示计数周期的符号T写出木块加速度的表达式a=．（3）已知电火花打点计时器工作频率为50Hz，用直尺测出x1=13.01cm，x2=29.00cm（见图乙），根据这些数据可计算出木块加速度大小a= 2.0m/s2（保留两位有效数字）．【考点】：探究影响摩擦力的大小的因素．【专题】：实验题；摩擦力专题．【分析】：（1）对木块、砝码盘和砝码进行受力分析，运用牛顿第二定律求出木块与长木板间动摩擦因数．（2）（3）根据匀变速直线运动的规律根据sm﹣sn=（m﹣n）at2求解加速度．【解析】：解：（1）对木块、砝码盘和砝码组成的系统，由牛顿第二定律得：mg﹣μMg=（M+m）a，解得：；（2）已知第一段位移s1=x1，第三段位移s3=x2，t=2T，根据sm﹣sn=（m﹣n）at2得：a==（3）将x1=13.01cm=0.1301m，x2=29.00cm=0.29m代入（2）式，解得：a=2.0m/s2故答案为：（1）；（2）；（3）2.0．【点评】：本题考查了求动摩擦因数、加速度，正确选择研究对象，应用牛顿第二定律即可求出动摩擦因数，计算注意有效数字．10．（12分）（2015•陕西三模）用图（1）所示的电路（图中电流表为理想表）测量电源的电动势E及内阻r时，调节电阻箱R0的阻值，并记录电流表相应的示数I，则与R0的函数关系为；（2）．根据这个函数关系可作出﹣R0图象，该图象的斜率k=，纵截距a=，横截距b=﹣r（均用电源电动势E或内阻r表示）；（3）．图（2）中的a、b、c、d、e是测定时根据测量数据作出的一些坐标点，试过这些坐标点作出﹣R0图象，根据该图象可求出该电源的电动势E= 6.0V，内阻r= 1.0Ω．【考点】：测定电源的电动势和内阻．【专题】：实验题；恒定电流专题．【分析】：根据电路图应用欧姆定律求出图象的函数表达式，然后根据图象求出电源电动势与内阻．【解析】：解：由图示电路图可知，电源电动势：E=I（r+R），则：=R0+，由图示图象可知，m=，k=，b=﹣r；由图可知，k==；故电源电动势：E==6.0V；，电源内阻：r=﹣b=1.0Ω；故答案为：（1）.；（2）.，，﹣r（3）6.0，1.0【点评】：本题考查了求电源电动势与内阻，应用欧姆定律求出图象的函数表达式是正确解题的关键三、计算题（28分）11．（10分）（2015•陕西三模）一个小球从静止开始沿如图所示的光滑斜面轨道AB匀加速下滑，然后进入水平轨道BC匀速滚动，之后靠惯性冲上斜面轨道CD，直到速度减为零．设小球经过水平面和两斜面的衔接点B、C时速度的大小不变．表是测出的不同时刻小球速度大小，取重力加速度g=10m/s2，求：时刻t/s 0 0.6 1.2 1.8 5 10 13 15速度v/m．s﹣1 0 3.0 6.0 9.0 15 15 9.0 3.0（1）轨道AB段的倾角是多少？（2）小球从开始下滑直至在斜面CD上速度减为零通过的总路程是多少？【考点】：牛顿第二定律；匀变速直线运动的位移与时间的关系．【专题】：牛顿运动定律综合专题．【分析】：（1）有表格数据，根据加速度定义求解加速度，根据牛顿运动定律列式求解角度；（2）根据表格分段求出相应的时间和加速度，根据总路程等于各段位移之和求解．【解析】：解：（1）根据表中数据可知小球沿AB斜面下滑的加速度由牛顿运动定律得mgsinα=ma1解得，故斜面AB段的倾角α=300．（2）根据表中数据可知，小球在斜面AB上下滑时间小球在斜面CD上做减速运动的加速度从最大速度vm=15m/s减至速度为9m/s用时于是，小球在水平面上运动时间t2=13﹣t1﹣t3=8s故小球的总路程答：（1）轨道AB段的倾角是30°（2）小球从开始下滑直至在斜面CD上速度减为零通过的总路程是180m【点评】：此题考查从表格中读取数据的能力，结合牛顿运动定律和匀变速直线运动规律的应用即可解题．12．（18分）（2015•陕西三模）如图（1）所示，一边长L=0.5m，质量m=0.5kg的正方形金属线框，放在光滑绝缘的水平面上，整个装置处在方向竖直、磁感应强度B=0.8T的匀强磁场中．金属线框的一个边与磁场的边界MN重合，在水平拉力作用下由静止开始向右运动，经过t=0.5s 线框被拉出磁场．测得金属线框中的电流I随时间变化的图象如图（2）所示，在金属线框被拉出磁场的过程中（1）求通过线框导线截面的电量及该金属框的电阻；（2）写出水平力F随时间t变化的表达式；（3）若已知在拉出金属框的过程中水平拉力做功1.10J，求此过程中线框产生的焦耳热．【考点】：导体切割磁感线时的感应电动势；电磁感应中的能量转化．【专题】：电磁感应——功能问题．【分析】：（1）根据题图（2）知，在t=0.5s时间内通过金属框的平均电流=0.50A，于是通过金属框的电量q，平均感应电动势，平均电流，通过金属框的电量q=，得q=，求得电阻R．（2）由图（2）知金属框中感应电流线性增大，说明金属框运动速度线性增加，即金属框被匀加速拉出磁场，由L=得加速度a，根据牛顿运动定律的拉力大小关系式；（3）由运动学公式求末速度，由能量守恒知，此过程中金属框产生的焦耳热．【解析】：解：（1）根据题图（2）知，在t=0.5s时间内通过金属框的平均电流=0.50A，于是通过金属框的电量q=；由平均感应电动势，平均电流，通过金属框的电量q=，得q=，于是金属框的电阻R==0.80Ω（2）由图（2）知金属框中感应电流线性增大，说明金属框运动速度线性增加，即金属框被匀加速拉出磁场．又知金属框在t=0.5s时间内运动距离L=0.5m，由L=得加速度a==4m/s2由图（2）知金属框中感应电流随时间变化规律为i=kt，其中比例系数k=2.0A/s．于是安培力fA随时间t变化规律为fA=BiL=kBLt．由牛顿运动定律得F﹣fA=ma，所以水平拉力F=fA+ma=ma+kBLt代入数据得水平拉力随时间变化规律为F=2+0.8t（N）．（3）．根据运动情况知金属框离开磁场时的速度v==2m/s由能量守恒知，此过程中金属框产生的焦耳热Q=WF﹣=0.1J【点评】：本题是电磁感应与电路、力学知识的综合，能根据图象知导体棒做匀减速直线运动．【物理选修3-3】13．（6分）（2015•陕西三模）如图，甲分子固定在坐标原点0，乙分子位于x轴上，两分子之间的相互F作用力与两分子间距离x的关系如图中曲线所示，F＞0为斥力，F＜0为引力，a、b、c、d、为x轴上四个特定的位置，现把乙分子从a处由静止释放，则（）A．乙分子从a到b做加速运动，由b到c做减速运动B．乙分子从a到c做加速运动，经过c点时速度最大C．乙分子由a到c的过程中，两分子的势能一直减少D．乙分子由a到d的过程中，两分子的势能一直减少【考点】：分子势能．【分析】：根据图象可以看出分子力的大小变化，在横轴下方的为引力，上方的为斥力，分子力做正功分子势能减小，分子力做负功分子势能增大．【解析】：解：根据图象可以看出分子力的大小变化，在横轴下方的为引力，上方的为斥力，把乙分子沿x轴负方向从a处移动到d处过程中，在C位置分子间作用力最小．乙分子由a 到c一直受引力，随距离减小，分子力做正功，分子势能减小；从c到d分子力是斥力且不断增大，随距离减小分子力做负功，分子势能增大，故在c位置分子势能最小，动能最大．故BC正确，AD错误．故选：BC．【点评】：本题虽在热学部分出现，但考查内容涉及功和能的关系等力学知识，综合性较强．14．（10分）（2015•陕西三模）如图，导热性能极好的气缸，高为L=l.0m，开口向上固定在水平面上，气缸中有横截面积为S=100cm2、质量为m=20kg的光滑活塞，活塞将一定质量的理想气体封闭在气缸内．当外界温度为t=27℃、大气压为P0=l.0×l05Pa时，气柱高度为l=0.80m，气缸和活塞的厚度均可忽略不计，取g=10m/s2，求：①如果气体温度保持不变，将活塞缓慢拉至气缸顶端．在顶端处，竖直拉力F有多大？②如果仅因为环境温度缓慢升高导致活塞上升，当活塞上升到气缸顶端时，环境温度为多少摄氏度？【考点】：理想气体的状态方程；封闭气体压强．【专题】：理想气体状态方程专题．【分析】：①如果气体温度保持不变，将活塞缓慢拉至气缸顶端，气体属于等温变化，利用玻意耳定律可求解．②如果外界温度缓慢升高到恰使活塞移至气缸顶端，气体是等压变化，由盖吕萨克定律可求解【解析】：解：①．设起始状态气缸内气体压强为p1，当活塞缓慢拉至气缸顶端，设气缸内气体压强为p2由玻意耳定律得：p1lS=p2LS在起始状态对活塞由受力平衡得：p1S=mg+p0S在气缸顶端对活塞由受力平衡得：F+p2S=mg+p0S联立并代入数据得：F=240N②．由盖﹣吕萨克定律得：代入数据解得：t=102°C．答：①如果气体温度保持不变，将活塞缓慢拉至气缸顶端．在顶端处，竖直拉力F为240N；②如果仅因为环境温度缓慢升高导致活塞上升，当活塞上升到气缸顶端时，环境温度为102摄氏度．【点评】：本题考察气体实验定律，关键是根据题目暗含条件分析出为何种变化过程，然后确定好初末状态量，选择合适的气体实验定律列式求解即可．【物理选修3-4】15．（2015•陕西三模）在实验室可以做“声波碎杯”的实验，用手指轻弹一只玻璃酒杯，可以听到清脆的声音，测得这声音的频率为500Hz．将这只酒杯放在一个大功率的声波发生器前，操作人员通过调整其发出的声波，就能使酒杯碎掉．下列说法中正确的是（）A．操作人员必须把声波发生器输出的功率调到很大B．操作人员必须使声波发生器发出频率很高的超声波C．操作人员必须同时增大声波发生器发出声波的频率和功率D．操作人员必须将声波发生器发出的声波频率调到500Hz，且适当增大其输出功率【考点】：产生共振的条件及其应用．【分析】：用声波将酒杯震碎是利用酒杯发生了共振现象，而物体发生共振的条件是驱动力的频率等于物体的固有频率【解析】：解：由题用手指轻弹一只酒杯，测得这声音的频率为500Hz，就是酒杯的固有频率．当物体发生共振时，物体振动的振幅最大，甚至可能造成物体解体，将这只酒杯放在两只大功率的声波发生器之间，操作人员通过调整其发出的声波，将酒杯震碎是共振现象，而发生共振的条件是驱动力的频率等于物体的固有频率，而酒杯的固有频率为500Hz，故操作人员要将声波发生器发出的声波频率调到500Hz，使酒杯产生共振，从而能将酒杯震碎．故D正确．故选：D．【点评】：明白了该物理情景所反映的物理规律才能正确解决此题．故要学会通过物理现象抓住物理事件的本质．16．（2015•陕西三模）图示的直角三角形ABC是玻璃砖的横截面，∠B=90°，∠A=30°，BC边长等于L．一束平行于AB边的光束从AC边上的某点射入玻璃砖，进入玻璃砖后，在BC边上的E点被反射，E点是BC边的中点，EF是从该处反射的光线，且EF恰与AC边平行．求：①玻璃砖的折射率；②该光束从E点反射后，直到第一次有光线从玻璃砖射出所需的时间（真空中的光速用符号“c”表示）．【考点】：光的折射定律．【专题】：光的折射专题．【分析】：①作出光路图，根据几何知识和全反射规律得到光线在AC面的入射角和折射角，即可求得折射率，②根据全反射临界角公式sinC=求出临界角C，判断出光线在F点发生全反射，在H点不能发生全反射，即该光束经一次反射后，到第一次射出玻璃砖发生在H点，根据几何知识求出光线在玻璃砖内传播的距离S，由v=求出光线在玻璃砖内传播的速度v，即可求得所求的时间【解析】：解：依题意，光在玻璃砖中的传播路径如右图所示．可见，光在O1点的入射角为60°，折射角为30°．①玻璃的折射率n==②因为，所以这种玻璃的临界角C大于30°，小于60°．故从E点反射出的光线，将在F点发生全反射，在O2点才有光线第一次射出玻璃砖．由几何知识可知：EF=L，FO2=L；光在这种玻璃中的传播速度．故光从E点传播到O2点用时．答：①玻璃砖的折射率为；②该光束从E点反射后，直到第一次有光线从玻璃砖射出所需的时间为．【点评】：解决本题关键是作出光路图，再运用几何知识求解入射角折射角，要掌握几何光学常用的三个规律：折射定律n=、临界角公式sinC=和光速公式v=．【物理选修3-5】17．（2015•陕西三模）如图是各种元素的原子核中核子的平均质量与原子序数Z的关系图象，由此可知（）A．若原子核D和E结合成原子核F，结合过程一定会释放能量B．若原子核D和E结合成原子核F，结合过程一定要吸收能量C．若原子核A分裂成原子核B和C，分裂过程一定要释放能量D．若原子核A分裂成原子核B和C，分裂过程一定要吸收能量【考点】：爱因斯坦质能方程．【专题】：爱因斯坦的质能方程应用专题．【分析】：根据重核裂变、轻核聚变都有质量亏损，都向外释放能量，从而即可求解．【解析】：解：A、D和E结合成F，有质量亏损，根据爱因斯坦质能方程，有能量释放．故A 正确，B错误．C、若A分裂成B和C，也有质量亏损，根据爱因斯坦质能方程，有能量释放．故C正确，D 错误．故选：AC．【点评】：解决本题的关键知道爱因斯坦质能方程△E=△mc2，掌握质量亏损与释放能量之间的联系．18．（2015•陕西三模）如图所示，有一固定在水平地面上光滑凹形长槽，槽内放置一个滑块，滑块的左端面是半圆柱形光滑圆弧面，滑块的宽度恰与凹形槽的两内侧壁的间距相等，滑块可在槽内左右自由滑动．现有一金属小球（可视为质点）以水平初速度v0沿槽的一侧壁冲向滑块．已知金属小球的质量为m，滑块的质量为3m，整个运动过程中无机械能损失．求：①当金属小球从另一侧壁离开滑块时，金属小球和滑块各自的速度；②当金属小球经过滑块半圆形端面的顶点A时，金属小球的动能．【考点】：动量守恒定律；机械能守恒定律．【专题】：力学综合性应用专题；动量与动能定理或能的转化与守恒定律综合．【分析】：（1）小球和滑块相碰的过程中动量守恒、机械能守恒，结合动量守恒定律和机械能守恒定律求出金属小球和滑块的各自速度．（2）小球过A点时沿轨道方向两者必有共同速度v，根据动量守恒、机械能守恒求出金属小球的动能．【解析】：解：①．设滑离时小球和滑块的速度分别为v1和v2，规定小球初速度的方向为正方向，由动量守恒得：mv0=mv1+3mv2由机械能守恒得：解得：，；②．小球过A点时沿轨道方向两者必有共同速度v，规定小球初速度的方向为正方向，则根据动量守恒有mv0=（m+3m）v根据机械能守恒小球的动能应为：解得小球动能为：答：①当金属小球从另一侧壁离开滑块时，金属小球和滑块各自的速度分别为；②当金属小球经过滑块半圆形端面的顶点A时，金属小球的动能为．【点评】：本题考查了动量守恒和机械能守恒定律的综合运用，综合性较强，对学生的能力要求较高，在平时的学习中需加强这类题型的训练．。

【语文】江苏大联考2015届高三第三次联考

【语文】江苏大联考2015届高三第三次联考

江苏大联考2015届高三第三次联考·语文试卷考生注意:1.本试卷共160分。

考试时间150分钟。

2.答题前,考生务必将密封线内的项目填写清楚。

3.请将试卷答案填在试卷后面的答题卷上。

4.交卷时,可根据需要在加注“”标志的夹缝处进行裁剪。

5.本试卷主要考试内容:高考全部内容。

语文Ⅰ一、语言文字运用(15分)1.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是(3分)①当汤触及舌尖,略带苦涩,含入口中,滋味,“岩韵”这种大红袍茶的特征彻底彰显出来。

②对于本质上不同的事物,应该对待,不应该混为一谈。

③马三立的孙子马小川说:“我们是相声世家,我的相声兴趣应该是熏出来的。

”A.淳厚个别耳濡目染B.醇厚个别耳闻目睹C.醇厚各别耳濡目染D.淳厚各别耳闻目睹2.下列诗句与“疏影横斜水清浅”对仗工整的一项是(3分)A.秋色入林红黯淡B.云乱水光浮紫翠C.暗香浮动月黄昏D.落日亭亭向客低3.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是(3分), , , , , ;鲁迅也是这样,在同样一个文学平台上其他作家所具备的,鲁迅都有,但鲁迅的那一点审视力和思想性可能是所有人都没有的。

①别人有的你都有②是我们不能具备的③一个作家的伟大在于④而你有的那一点别人又没有⑤我们说陀思妥耶夫斯基伟大⑥就因为他对众生哪怕是罪人的爱A.⑤⑥④③①②B.③①④⑤⑥②C.⑤⑥②③①④D.③⑥①④②⑤4.下面这幅题为《要!》的漫画,对它的寓意理解最恰切的一项是(3分)《要!》【注】此为丰子恺的漫画,漫画中的文字为“欲上青天揽明月”。

A.每当明月高挂,母亲会抱着孩子,来到窗前,享受着这夜晚的清爽。

B.小孩子的心灵是无限广阔的、无限美丽的,他们拥有最广阔的大地。

C.面对小孩子的好奇,母亲抱着孩子,放飞孩子自由翱翔的心灵世界。

D.表现了孩子渴望把月亮拿在手中把玩的心情,透着孩子的童真童趣。

5.针对学生溺水事件时有发生的现状,某学校学生会拟开展“暑期防溺水安全”的主题活动,为宣传安全知识,学生会将对某安全专家进行采访,请你设计三个采访问题。

江苏省常熟市梅中2013年高三三模语文试卷及答案

江苏省常熟市梅中2013年高三三模语文试卷及答案

常熟市梅李中学高三年级第三次模拟考试语文试卷2013.5.29一、语言文字运用（15分）1.下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同．．．．的一组是（3分）A.训诂．/怙．恶不悛泥淖．/桂棹．兰桨诘．难/佶．屈聱牙B.萎．靡/虚与委．蛇引吭．/沆．瀣一气隧．道/遂．心如意C.趿．拉/岌．岌可危昏愦．/振聋发聩．圜．墙/声震寰．宇D.桎梏．/狡兔三窟．皈．依/如丸走坂．稂．莠/书声琅．琅2.下列各项加点成语使用正确．．的一项是（3分）A.在论文答辩的整个过程中，导师徐教授不赞一词．．．．，而是严肃地指出了文章在逻辑上存在的诸多错误。

B.中国政府认为，中国海军在钓鱼岛附近海域巡航无可厚非．．．．，完全合法。

C.快速阅读不利于深入思考，看上去读得多，读得快，但“上心”的并不多。

长此以往．．．．，文化会变得浮泛和肤浅。

D.安宏纺织公司近年来对员工管理严格，求全责备．．．．，产品质量过硬，企业效益大幅度提升。

3．根据所给材料的内容，在下面画线处补写恰当的句子，不超过30个字。

（4分）材料：据史料记栽，1279年，元代著名天文学家郭守敬奉旨进行“四海测验”，在南海的测量点就在黄岩岛。

这说明，至少在元朝中国就已发现了黄岩岛。

1935年1月，中国政府组成的水陆地区审查委员会公布的南海诸岛132个岛礁沙滩中，黄岩岛以斯卡巴罗礁之名，并作为中沙群岛的一部分列入了中国版图。

1947年10月，中国政府核定和公布的南海诸岛新旧名称对照表中，将斯卡巴罗礁改为民主礁，列在中沙群岛范围内。

1983年中国地名委员会授权对外公布“我国南海诸岛部分地名”时，将黄岩岛作为标准名称，同时以民主礁为副名。

中国历代政府出版的官方地图均将黄岩岛标为中国领土。

黄岩岛一直不间断地在中国广东省、海南省的管辖下。

结论：中国对黄岩岛拥有领土主权的依据是。

4．阅读下面这段材料，然后按照要求回答问题。

（5分）一位中学生骑车上学，却不小心撞坏了一辆“宝马”车。

车主并不知情，是悄然离开，还是留下等待车主？这个问题的答案，每个人心中都有一杆秤。

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三生物第三次联考试题及答案

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三生物第三次联考试题及答案

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三生物第三次联考试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 环境容纳量是指在环境条件不受破坏的情况下，一定空间中所能维持的种群最大数量。

下列有关叙述，错误的是（）A. 渔业养殖中，其种群数量维持在环境容纳量时，可获得最大的单日捕获量B. 个体之间的生存斗争不会改变环境容纳量的大小C. 保护大熊猫的根本措施是提高大熊猫生存环境的容纳量D. 控制有害生物时，其种群数量应控制在环境容纳量一半左右2. 下列关于新型冠状病毒的叙述，正确的是（）A.为研究新型冠状病毒，可用富含营养物质的培养基培养新型冠状病毒来扩大病毒数量B.分析新型冠状病毒所含核酸碱基种类可确定其遗传物质的类型C.新型冠状病毒结构简单，仅含有核糖体一种细胞器D.新型冠状病毒和金黄色葡萄球菌具有相似的结构3. 下列物质的结构发生改变后，其功能丧失的是（）A.唾液淀粉酶随食物进入胃后空间结构发生改变B.载体蛋白与运输的物质结合后空间结构发生变化C.解旋酶使DNA分子的双螺旋结构发生改变D.细胞分裂结束后染色体解螺旋为丝状的染色质4. B基因是一类肿瘤抑制基因，在正常情况下它能够保持DNA结构的稳定。

环境中的一些致癌因素会导致细胞表面A受体的激活，进一步抑制B基因的活性。

下列相关叙述不正确的是（）A.正常机体内B基因开启B. B基因突变导致癌变易发生C. A受体缺失可升高癌变机会D. A受体缺失可降低癌变机会5. 细胞核控制遗传和代谢最主要的原因是（）A. 核仁与核糖体的形成有关B. 核膜把核内物质与细胞质分开C. 核孔实现核质间的物质交换D. 细胞核中含有遗传物质6. 下列关于氨基酸和蛋白质的叙述，错误的是（）A.有的氨基酸几乎不溶于水，而有的氨基酸易溶于水，这种差异是由R基的不同引起的B.天冬氨酸的R基是－CH2－COOH，则它的分子式是C4H7O4NC.n个氨基酸脱水缩合成的2条多肽链中的游离羧基数一定为n－2个D.甜味肽的分子式为C13H16O5N2，则甜味肽一定是一种二肽7. 关于细胞代谢的叙述，正确的是()A. 马铃薯块茎的无氧呼吸产物会使溴麝香草酚蓝水溶液由蓝变绿再变黄B. 细胞有氧呼吸过程的第二阶段，无水的生成，但有水的分解C. 一般情况下，人体内乙醇浓度越高，与乙醇分解相关酶的活性越高D. 乳酸杆菌无氧呼吸也能产生ATP和[H]，但没有[H]的消耗过程8. 下列物质属于蛋白质的是A. 抗体B. 胆固醇C. 雄性激素D. 维生素D9. 下列对光合作用相关实验的叙述中，错误的是（）A. 在色素的分离实验中，如果层析液浸没过滤液细线，则色素不能分离B. 恩格尔曼选择水绵作为实验材料是因为其叶绿体为螺旋带状，容易观察实验现象C. 植物学家萨克斯用天竺葵的叶片做对照实验，证明了光合作用产物之一是淀粉D. 鲁宾和卡门用18O同时标记H2O和CO2的O，证明氧气中的氧来源于水10. 下列关于组成细胞的元素和化合物的叙述中正确的是（）A. 不同生物细胞内元素和化合物种类相同，含量有差异B. 叶绿素中含有N、Mg等元素，血红蛋白含有Fe元素C. 蛋白质中的N元素主要存在于R基中D. Zn是苹果、牡蛎等补锌食物中含量丰富的大量元素11. 某植物体可以完成如图所示的反应，有关表述错误的是（）A. 若图示代表二肽水解，则可表示产生了2种氨基酸B. 若图示代表二糖水解，则可表示蔗糖水解的过程C. 若图示代表二糖水解，则可表示麦芽糖水解的过程D. 若图示代表二肽水解，则水解过程中破坏了1个肽键12. 下列相关实验与科学方法对应错误的是（）A. 丹尼利和戴维森探索膜成分实验——归纳法B. 观察叶绿体和细胞质流动——显微观察法C. 制作真核细胞三维结构模型——建构模型法D. 分离细胞中的细胞器——差速离心法13. 下列关于植物激素的说法正确的是（）A. 含生长素的琼脂块促进无尖端的胚芽鞘生长，说明生长素具有促进植物生长的作用B. 植物激素的形成可体现基因对生物性状的间接控制C. 从植物体获得的植物激素2，4—D可促进果实的生长D. 探索生长素类似物促进插条生根适宜浓度时，预试验的目的是排除无关变量对实验的影响14. 制备细胞膜时，通常选取的细胞和处理的方法分别是A.猪成熟的红细胞，将其放入生理盐水中B.鸡成熟的红细胞，将其放入蒸馏水中C.猪成熟的红细胞，将其放入蒸馏水中D.鸡成熟的红细胞，将其放入生理盐水中15. 下列关于人体内胰岛素和胰高血糖素的叙述，错误的是（）A.胰岛素在胰岛B细胞中合成，胰高血糖素在胰岛A细胞中合成B.胰岛素是唯一降低血糖的激素，胰高血糖素不是唯一升高血糖的激素C.胰岛素激活胰岛素受体后，葡萄糖通过胰岛素受体进入细胞内D.胰岛素分泌不足或胰高血糖素分泌过多均可能导致糖尿病的发生二、选择题:本题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。

高三第三次模拟.docx

高三第三次模拟.docx

徐州、连云港、宿迁三市2015届高三第三次模拟数学Ⅰ参考公式：棱柱的体积公式：,ShV=其中S是棱柱的底面积，h是高.一、填空题：本大题共14题，每小题5分，共70分．请把答案填写在答题纸相应位置上．．．．．．．．．1.已知复数iiiz)(43(+=是虚数单位），则z的模为▲ .2.已知集合},4,2{],3,1(=-=BA则=BA I▲ .3.如图是某市2014年11月份30天的空气污染指数的频率分布直方图. 根据国家标准，污染指数在区间)51,0[内，空气质量为优；在区间)101,51[内，空气质量为良；在区间)151,101[内，空气质量为轻微污染；.Λ由此可知该市11月份空气质量为优或良的天数有▲ 天.4.执行如图所示的算法流程图，则输出k的值是▲ .5.已知集合},4,3,2{},1,0{==BA若从BA,中各取一个数，则这两个数之和不小于4的概率为▲ .注意事项考生在答题前认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求1.本试卷共4页，包含填空题(第1题～第14题)、解答题(第15题～第20题)两部分。

本试卷满分160分，考试时间为120分钟。

考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。

2.答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、考试证号用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔填写在试卷及答题纸上。

3.作答时必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题纸上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。

4.如有作图需要，可用2B铅笔作答，并请加黑加粗，描写清楚。

6.设等差数列}{n a 的前n 项为,28,26,453==+S a a S n 则10a 的值为 ▲ .7.设函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤>=0,4,0,log )(2x x x x f x ，则))1((-f f 的值为 ▲ .8.已知双曲线C 的离心率为2，它的一个焦点是抛物线y x 82=的焦点，则双曲线C 的标准方程为 ▲ .9.已知函数),20)(6sin()(<<+=ωπωx x f 若,1)32(=πf 则函数)(x f y =的最小正周期为 ▲ . 10.在三棱柱111C B A ABC -中，侧棱⊥1AA 平面,1,111=AA C AB 底面△ABC 是边长为2的正三角形，则此三棱柱的体积为 ▲ .11.如图，半径为2的扇形的圆心角为N M ,,120︒分别为半径OQ OP ,的中点，A 为弧PQ 上任意一点，则AN AM ⋅的取值范围是 ▲ .12.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知圆,1)2()(:22=+-+-a y a x C 点),2,0(A 若圆C 上存在点,M 满足,1022=+MO MA 则实数a 的取值范围是 ▲ .13.已知实数y x ,满足条件⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤-≥-+≤-,03,05,0y y x y x 若不等式222)()(y x y x m +≤+恒成立，则实数m 的最大值是 ▲ .14.若函数)1()(2>-=a x a x f x 有三个不同的零点，则实数a 的取值范围是 ▲ .二、解答题：本大题共6小题，共计90分．请在答题纸指定区域．．．．．．．内作答，解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 15.（本小题满分14分）在△ABC ，角C B A ,,的对边分别为,,,c b a 已知.cos 2sin ,31cos B A C ==（1） 求B tan 的值；（2） 若,5=c 求△ABC 的面积.16. （本小题满分14分）如图，矩形ABCD 所在平面与三角形ECD 所在平面相交于⊥AE CD ,平面.ECD（1） 求证：⊥AB 平面;ADE（2） 若点M 在线段AE 上，N ME AM ,2=为线段CD中点，求证：//EN 平面.BDM17. （本小题满分14分）如图，在P 地正西方向km 8的A 处和正东方向km 1的B 处各一条正北方向的公路AC 和,BD 现计划在AC 和BD 路边各修建一个物流中心E 和F . 为缓解交通压力，决定修建两条互相垂直的公路PE 和.PF 设).20(παα<<=∠EPA（1）为减少周边区域的影响，试确定F E ,的位置，使△PAE 与△PFB 的面积之和最小； （2）为节省建设成本，试确定F E ,的位置，使PF PE +的值最小.18.(本小题满分16分)如图，已知椭圆),0(1:2222>>=+b a by a x M 其率心率为,23两条准线之间的距离为C B ,,338分别为椭圆M 的上、下顶点，过点)0)(2,(≠t t T 的直线TC TB ,分别与椭圆M 交于F E ,两点.（1）椭圆M 的标准方程； （2）若△TBC 的面积是△TEF 的面积的k倍，求k 的最大值.19.（本小题满分16分）设正项数列}{n a 的前n 项和为,n S 且.,2121*2N n a a S n n n ∈+=正项等比数列}{n b 满足：.,6422a b a b ==（2）设⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧∈=∈-==**,2,,12,Nk k n b Nk k n a c n n n 数列}{n c 的前n 项和为,n T 求所有正整数m 的值，使得122-m m T T 恰好为数列}{n c 中的项.20.（本小题满分16分）已知函数,31)(23b x ax x x f +-+=其中b a ,为常数.（1）当1-=a 时，若函数)(x f 在]1,0[上的最小值为,31求b 的值；（2）讨论函数)(x f 在区间),(+∞a 上单调性；（3）若曲线)(x f y =上存在一点,P 使得曲线在点P 处的切线与经过点P 的另一条切线互相垂直，求a 的取值范围.徐州市2014～2015学年度高三第三次质量检测数学Ⅱ（附加题）21.【选做题】本题包括A 、B 、C 、D 四小题，请选定其中两题，并在答题卡指定区域内作答．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．，若多做，则按作答的前两题评分. 解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. A ．选修4-1：几何证明选讲（本小题满分10分）如图，已知直线AB 为圆O 的切线，切点为,B 点C 在圆上，ABC ∠的角平分线BE 交圆于点DBE ,垂直BE 交圆于点.D 证明：.DC DB =注 意 事 项考生在答题前认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求1.本试卷共2页，均为非选择题(第21题～第23题)。

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试卷及答案

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试卷及答案

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AYou’re becoming an adult; your friends are changing; school is more challenging; and your life has more ups and downs than it used to. These books are just for you.Say Goodbye to Stressby Dr Jeff BrownKindle Edition $11.79Paperback $16.95Many have trouble getting their stress (压力) under control and want help. This new book will encourage stressed-out readers with its stories from people like them about how they resolved or rethought the stress in their lives, learned to let go of anxiety and worry, and improved their lives by dealing with stress.Find Your Inner Strengthby Amy NewmarkKindle Edition $7.99Paperback $12.75This powerful collection of stories will inspire (激励) you and help you find the inner strength to do with the challenges in your own life. We are stronger than we think.... when we have to be. These brave. courageous people are the role models that show us all what is possible.Random Acts of Kindnessby Amy NewmarkKindle Edition $12.99Paperback $17.77Make miracles happen for yourself and others. It’s easy. Just think outside the box and look around. There are so many ways that you can help—and it turns out the biggest beneficiary (受益人) may be you! Scientific studies have shown that “doing good” is not only good for others but also for the person doing it, making that person happier and healthier.Be the Best You Can Beby Amy NewmarkKindle Edition $10. 99Paperback $15.67This collection shows kids positive role models to follow in its stories about making good choices, havingconfidence, and doing the right things. Parents and grandparents will enjoy discussing the stories with children, making it a family event.1.How will you feel after reading Say Goodbye to Stress?A.Anxious.B.Awkward.C.Relaxed.D.Confused.2.What is unique about Find Your Inner Strength?A.It is written by a well-known author.B.It is the cheapest of the four books.C.It has role models for kids to follow.D.It shows one how to do good deeds.3.Which book is suitable for one who has no confidence?A.Say Goodbye to StressB.Find Your Inner StrengthC.Random Acts of KindnessD.Be the Best You Can BeBWhy isn’t science better? Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them -but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort.But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.It’s not like we don't know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why? Why aren't scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance onstandardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system. And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud(欺诈). If malicious fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.4. Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?A. Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.B. The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.C. Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments' results.D. The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.5. What doesdeaf earsin the fourth paragraph probably refer to?A. The public.B. The incentive initiators.C. The peer researchers.D. The high-impact journal editors.6. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.B. Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.C. All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.D. The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.7. According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?A. High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.B. The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.C. Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.D. Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.CI had very good parents. My mother came toAmericafromScotlandby herself when she was 11, and she didn’t have much education. My dad was kind of a street kid, and he eventually went into the insurance business, selling nickel policies door to door.One day, my dad asked his boss, “What's the toughest market to sell?” and the insurance guy replied “Well, black people. They don’t buy insurance.” My dad thought, but they have kids; they have families. Why wouldn’t they buy insurance? So he said, “Give meHarlem.”When my dad died in 1994, I talked about him onThe Tonight Show. I told the story of how he worked in Harlem and how he always taught us to be open-minded and not to say or think things of racism (种族主义). Then one day, I got a letter from a woman who was about 75 years old.She wrote that when she was a little girl, a man used to come to her house to collect policies. She said this man was the only white person who had ever come to dinner at their house. The man was very kind to her, she said, and his name was Angelo—was this my father?The letter made me cry. I called her up and said yes, that was in fact my dad, and she told me how kind he had been to her family. Her whole attitude toward white people was based on that one nice man she met in her childhood, who always treated her with kindness and respect and always gave her a piece of candy. From this experience, I learned a valuable life lesson: never judge people and be open-minded and kind to others.8. What did my father do after knowing what was the toughest market to sell?A. He asked his boss to give him some insurance.B. He went toScotlandto improve his education.C. He specially went to white families with kids.D. He choseHarlemto face the toughest challenge.9. What can we learn from the third paragraph?A. It was rare that a businessman had dinner in his customer's house.B. Angelo was the only white person to sell insurance inHarlem.C. The little girl admired Angelo very much.D. Racism was a serious problem inAmericaat that time.10. Which of the following can best describe the author’s father?A. Stubborn and generous.B. Patient and intelligent.C. Determined and open-minded.D. Confident and romantic.11. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Memories from a TV Show.B. A Letter from an Old Lady.C. Life Lessons from My Father.D. My Father's Experience inHarlem.DThe AI research arm of Alibaba created a machine learning model that received a higher score on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset than humans. The database consists of more than 100,000 questions to test reading comprehension.In early January this year the Alibaba AI software machine scored 82.44 on the test while humans scored 82.304. Besides, computers and AI have already defeated humans, for example in games such as chess. However, it seemed that language skills were superior in humans as machines find languages hard to master.A large number of call center employees, often in developing countries, may be out of work soon if the AI robots are cheaper and as effective as human labor. Soon when you phone a company for information the conversation will go like this: “ We are sorry but all our robots are busy right now. We value your call. Please stay on the line until a robot is free to serve you. There are just 12 callers ahead of you.” A robot will serve you some popular tunes while you wait.Si Luo, who is a chief scientist of natural language processing at Alibaba’s AI research group noted that questions such as “What causes rain?” can now be answered with a high degree of accuracy by robots. Si Luo said, “ We believe the foundational technology can be gradually applied to a lot of applications such as customer service, museum tutorials, and online responses to inquiries from patients, freeing human efforts in a new way.”Si Luo’s team is working closely with Ali Xiaomi, a mobile customer service chatbot. Ali Xiaomi can be customized to be used on Alibaba’s platforms such as Taobao and Tmall. The new AI robots could answer consumers’ questions as they did the Stanford questions. The robots would look for the answers from prepared information. However, there are limits to what the system will be able to do. If questions do not have clear-cut answers, or the questions asked are too unclear or ungrammatical, the robot may not be able to deal with them.12. What can we learn about the Alibaba AI software machine?A. It has been tested in some areas.B. It has become popular since January.C. It has offered a special learning style.D. It has made people interested in reading.13. What does the example in paragraph 3 show about the AI robots?A. They should have better language skills.B. They may replace humans in some fields.C. They need to be customized to serve customers.D. They will be widely used in developing countries.14. How does Si Luo feel about the foundational technology?A. Doubtful.B. Worried.C. Curious.D. Confident.15. What can we infer from the lastparagraph about Ali Xiaomi?A. It needs to improve in some ways.B. It is connected with another system.C. It is a platform to show good service.D. It can answer any questions accordingly.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析

2020届江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析

2020届江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen you grow up in Voss, outdoor adventures become a way of living. This is why visitors will find outdoor activities for all ages and levels. Many people get the impression that such activities as river sports, air sports and other extreme sports are only for the experts. Actually, you will find many outdoor adventures for those who simply want a taste of these elements in Voss.◆River KayakingThe river in Voss are great for river kayaking. If you are a beginner, we advise you to try an introduction course of 3 hours. A course of 2 days can be tested out if you really want to learn the sport of kayaking. Get a totally new experience with one of the best kayak centers inNorway.Prices From NOK 850 per person◆RaftingThe most popular summer activity in Voss. Thrilling, fun and suitable for beginners as well as those with experience! Includes transportation, safety instruction, swim test and about8kmof breathtaking rafting starting off in softer steams before getting on to the more exciting streams.Season Daily May—OctoberPrices From NOK 1,120Info All necessary equipment is provided. Please bring your own swimwear and towel.◆Bavallsekspressen Chair LiftExplore the mountain by riding the Bavallsekpressen chair lift all the way to the top to get immediate access to a great variety of hiking trails in beautiful scenery. The lift is also open for those who want to bring their bike or paraglider. Start and end: From Bavallen to Hangurstoppen.Season: Sat/Sun 24 June—06 August 12:00-16:00Prices Single trip: NOK 100 Day pass: NOK 250◆HusdyrparkenAt Husdyrparken, visitors get to experience Norwegian farm animals. You can participate in animal feeding and farm competitions, or simply relax with an organic ice cream in the café. You can also visit a small museumwith old farming equipment.Season: Daily 18 June—21 AugustPrices: Adults NOK 120 Children NOK 60 Senior NOK 60Family Pass NOK 200 (For up to two adults and two kids)1. Who are the intended readers of the passage?A. Local residents.B. Professional athletes.C. Travel experts.D. Common Tourists.2. Which of the following activities provide instructions for beginners?A. River Kayaking and Rafting.B. Husdyrparken and River Kayaking.C. Rafting and Bavallsekspressen Chair Lift.D. Bavallsekspressen Chair Lift and Husdyrparken.3. How much should Jan pay for a farm trip with her little son and her mother in Voss?A. NOK 240.B. NOK 200.C. NOK 180.D. NOK 120.BTwenty years ago, I became involved in pet therapy(疗法) work with our Angel. As she matured and went through professional training, we realized that she would be good at this new job.Angel is ten now and works every week. She visits two hospitals providing day care for the elderly, and our library’s PAWS forReadingprogram. At the library, six to ten dogs lie on the floor, and the kids pick a book to read to a dog. After they finish, they get a card with the dog’s picture and history. Angel also helps out at a special-needs camp. She is so popular that everywhere we go people recognize her, especially the kids she has worked with.We have seen some very special things through our pet therapy work. I brought Angel to our local hospital to visit a woman who was completely unable to move the right side of her body from a stroke(中风). One day, my husband, Jack, got Angel up into a chair next to the woman’s bed, asking her if she wanted to give Angel a treat. She nodded. Angel gently took the treat. Then the woman raised her right hand and started petting Angel. Her friend couldn’t believe her eyes.After that, every time we saw the woman, she lifted her left hand. We’d tell her she had to use her right hand, and she would. Next, you’ll fall in love with this woman’s story of rearing her own Angel later in her family and why she calls it the best decision she ever made.4. Who is Angel?A. A pet trainer.B. A hospitalC. A therapy dog.D. The author’s kid.5. What does Angel usually do?A. Save seriously ill people.B. Pay visits to kids in hospital.C. Protect the elderly in their homes.D. Help children at a special camp.6. Why was the woman’s friend astonished?A The woman moved her right hand.B. The woman treated Angel.C. Angel helped the woman recover.D. Angel got along with the woman.7. What does the underlined word “rearing” in the last paragraph mean?A. Accompanying.B. Raising.C. Assisting.D. Training.C"Sorry, but I don't agree with you..."This is usually followed by unbearable silence and angry tears. I've always found it difficult to disagree with someone, because I don't want to lose a friend. I've found it even harder to accept it when someone disagrees with me, because my ego（自尊心）ishurt.Before the other person gets a chance to explain why she disagrees with me, my usual response would be," If you aren't able to see my point of view, then what you think isn't worth my time or consideration, either." But now I've come to realize that when a friend disagrees with me, sometimes she is simply saying, "I don't agree with the way things are done." She still respects me as a person, and is only pointing out a better way to look at a matter. However, there may be times when my friend disagrees with me because I'm against the truth. That's when need to listen to what she says.I've learned that one way to help my friend is for me to be open and honest with the other to voice my thoughts and listen to the other carefully. While we can't control how a person will respond to our views, we must learn to disagree with our friends in love. We will never feel that we are better than the other person.And that will help us to be less emotional, and more objective in the way we express our opinions.In the same way, we can also stay open to feedback（反馈）from others,knowing that our friends may be correcting us in love.Good friendships build each other up, sometimes through disagreements and honest opinions. Though I don't like being disagreed with, I'm starting to see the value of such disagreements.8. The author has found it difficult to disagree with someone because .A. he is a friendly personB. he usually hides his ideasC. he has no mind of his ownD. he wants to keep the friendship9. When a friend disagreed with him,the author used to .A. be unhappyB. argue with the friendC. break up with the friendD. explain things calmly10. The author will listen to a friend when .A. he is against the truthB. he doesn't tell the truthC. he is respected by a friendD. he does things in the wrong way11. What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A. How to keep friendship.B. How to avoid hurting a friend.C. How to express disagreements.D. How to deal with disagreements.DIn the Hollywood industry, most of the studios are using AI to make movies for various reasons such as getting the actors out of danger, replacing the actors indifferent scenes, forming appealing atmosphere to enhance（增强）the views, etc.Directors and producers are using VFX (Visual effects), animations and AI to makea model that looks like the actor and replaces the actor's place. In particular, AI is used in scenes where actor shave to produce certain stunts （特技）to develop setups in the studio artificially. VFX is used to later change the internal studio backgroundsto a different place in the movie.There are many movies with two characters of the same actor. When AI was not a part of the film, editors used different methods to show the two aspects of the same actor in one scene, but now AI is being used to form the second character of the same actor and is being performed to the viewers.By a perfect combination of animation, VFX and AI, realistic models are being created. And the most fun part is the fictitious character can hold the face of the actor but the age, hairstyles, and clothing can be changed to create more enhanced looks according to the movie scene and story. With the help of AI, the directors recreating appealing scenes to enhance the thrill and excitement. InJurassic Park,no dinosaurs were running but with the help of AI and visual effects, we could enjoy the scenes and the atmospheres.The directors and the producers direct to form a green screen including the obstacles and those green screens get replaced with the views that are made from AI and VFX, and the actors make the scenes alive and deliver the most suitable action-packed movie scenes. This method also enhances the viewers' experience, which makes the movie a blockbuster（大片）.12. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 1?A. How AI helps actors.B. What AI brings to movies.C. Why AI is applied to movies.D. Where AI is made full use of.13. What can we infer from paragraph 3?A. AI can be used as an editor.B. Editors consider AI irreplaceable.C. Editors used many methods to replace AI.D. AI makes what used to be complex scenes easier.14. What's the author's attitude to using VFX, animations and AI in movies?A. Supportive.B. Sceptical.C. Unconcerned.D. Enthusiastic.15. Which of the following could be the best title for thetext?A. What AI Brings Out Hollywood MoviesB. Why AI Is Applied to Hollywood MoviesC. Which Hollywood Movies Make Much Use of AID. How AI Is Being Applied to Hollywood Movies第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANo one knows when the first printing press was invented or who invented it. but the oldest known printed text originated in China during the first millennium (千年) AD.The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》), a Buddhist book from Dunhuang, China during the Tang Dynasty, is said to be the oldest known printed book.The Diamond Sutrawas created with a method known as block printing (雕版印刷), which used boards of hand-carved wood blocks in reverse.It was said that the moveable type was developed by Bi Sheng. He was fromYingshan,Hubei,China, living from 970 to 1051 AD. His method replaced panels of printing blocks with moveable individual Chinese characters that could be reused. The first moveable Chinese Characters were carved into clay and baked into hard blocks that were then arranged onto an iron frame that was pressed against an iron plate.The earliest mention of Bi Sheng’s printing press is in the bookDream Pool Essays, written in 1086 by Shen Kuo, who noted that his nephews came into possession of Bi Sheng’s typefaces (字体) after his death. Shen Kuo explained that Bi Sheng did not use wood because the texture is inconsistent (不一致的) and absorbs wetness too easily.By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, which ruled from 1127 to 1279 AD, books had become popular in society and helped create a scholarly class of citizens who had the capabilities to become civil servants. Large printed book collections also became a status symbol for the wealthy class.1. When was Bi Sheng’s printing press first introduced in history?A. After Bi Sheng died and his nephews owned his typefaces.B. When books became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.C. After the block printing was replaced by the moveable type printing.D. WhenThe Diamond Sutrawas printed into a book.2. What can we infer from the passage?A. Shen Kuo made great contributions to printing.B. The moveable type printing was invented earlier than block printing.C. Printed books were hard to get in the Song Dynasty.D. By the Southern Song Dynasty, books had helped people get to higher social positions.3. Why does the author write this passage?A. To show that Buddhism was popular in the Tang Dynasty.B. To introduce the early history of printing.C. To memorize Bi Sheng, developing the moveable type printing.D. To indicate the advantages of moveable type printing.BBarred owls(大林鸮猫头鹰) are a large species native to eastern North America, but they began moving west at the start of the 20th century. By 1973,large numbers of barred owls had arrived in the western state ofWashington. Later they moved south intoOregonandCalifornia.In parts of thePacific Northwest, the owls are now believed to be causing a drop in the population of a smaller, less aggressive bird: the northern spotted owl. In many ways, the barred owl is the spotted owl's worst enemy. The barred owl has more babies per year and eats the same animals, like squirrels and wood rats. And their numbers are now larger in many parts of the spotted owl's traditional territory.David Wiens is a biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, a federal agency that studies the Earth and its natural resources. He and other officials are doing something unusual to protect spotted owls: killing barred owls. It is a controversial, experimental program. More than 2,400 barred owls have already been shot.Wiens is the son of a well-known bird expert and grew up with the fascination for birds. He has mixed feelings about the program. "It's a little distasteful, I think, to go out killing barred owls to save another owl species," he says. But he adds, “We knew that barred owls were out competing spotted owls and their numbers were growing too fast."To catch barred owls, officials put digital bird callers on the ground. Then they step back and wait as several sounds from the devices fill the air. All of this happens in the dark of night. Barred owls dislike other birds in their territory, so they will fly down and chase other owls out. That is when Wiens and his team try to shoot them.4. What's the main problem with spotted owls?A. They are being starved to death.B. They have more babies each year.C. They are invaded by another bird.D. They are hunted by man.5. Why are barred owls being killed?A. They are eating the spotted owls.B. They are killing each other to survive.C. They are putting the spotted owls in danger.D. They are destroying large areas of forests.6. Why did the officials release the bird sounds?A. To kill barred owls.B. To puzzle barred owls.C. To protect barred owls.D. To frighten barred owls.7. What can be the best title for the text?A. Killing One Animal to Save Another.B. Keeping the Balance of Nature.C. Protecting Birds in Danger.D. Preventing Birds from Playing Fair.CResearchers at CU Boulder have developed a wearable device that changes the human body into a biological battery. The device is stretchy(弹性的) enough that you can wear it like a ring, sport band or any other thing that touches your skin. It also taps into a person's natural heat-employing thermoelectric generators to change the body's internal temperature into electricity. "In the future, we want to be able to power your wearable electronics without having to include a battery," said Jianliang Xiao, an associate professor at CU Boulder.The concept may sound like something out of The Matrix film series, in which a race of robots have enslaved humansto harvest their precious organic energy. Xiao and his colleagues aren't that ambitious: Their devices can generate about 1 volt (伏特) of energy for every square centimeter of skin space-less volt per area than what most existing batteries provide but stillenough to power electronics like watches or fitness trackers.Scientists have previously experimented with similar wearable devices, but Xiao's is stretchy, can heal itself when damaged and is fully recyclable-making it a cleaner alternative to traditional electronics. "Whenever you use a battery, you're depleting(消耗) that battery and will, eventually, need to replace it," Xiao said. "The nice thing about our device is that you can wear it, and it provides you with constant power."Just pretend that you're out for a jog. As you exercise, your body heats up, and thatheat will radiate out to the cool air around you. Xiao's device captures that flow of energy rather than let it go to waste. "The thermoelectric generators are in close contact with the human body, and they can use the heat that would normally be sent into the environment," Xiao said.8. What does Xiao expect of his device at present?A. It will be used for medical purposes.B. It will be made smaller and wearable.C. It will change natural power into electricity.D. It will supply constant power to wearable devices.9. Why does the author mentionThe Matrixseries in the text?A. To give an explanation.B. To make a comparison.C. To introduce a topic.D. To analyze the cause.10. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?A. The strengths of Xiao's device.B. The convenience of using a battery.C. The replacement of wearable devices.D. The development of traditional electronics.11. What do we know about Xiao's device from the text?A. It operates with plenty of power.B. It is designed for practical use.C. It benefits people's health in a way.D. It's based on traditional electronics.DWhy doesHaitiso tend to have fatal earthquakes? Earthquakes have been causing huge damage inHaitisince at least the 18th century. The capital city has been destroyed twice in 19 years. The 21st century has beenno more kind.The Earth’s outer shell is made tip of tectonic plates (构造板块) that move.Haitisits near the crossing of two tectonic plaits that make up the Earth’s outer shell. Earthquakes can occur when those plates move against each other and create friction (摩擦力).Haitiis also overpopulated. Plus, many of its buildings are designed to resist hurricanes but not earthquakes. Those buildings can survive strong winds bat are easy to fail down when the ground shrikes. Poor building practices can also play arole.“I think it’s important to recognize that there’s no such thing as a natural disaster,” said Wendy Bohon, a geologist. “What you have is a natural disaster that comes with a weak architecture system. We do know that earthquakes like this can cause huge damage because ofthefault,” said Wendy. “And it’s quite a significant risk in places that don’t have the construction practices to resist the shaking.”Construction of more earthquake-resistant buildings remains a challenge inHaiti, which is the poorest nation in theWestern Hemisphere. “While there have been some success stories of Haitians building more earthquake-resistant structures, the country has lacked a centralized effort to do so,” said Mark Schuller, a professor of anthropology and nonprofit and NGO studies atNorthernIllinoisUniversity.Haiti’s government hasbecome increasingly weak, while non-governmental organizations only focus on their own projects.“There is technical knowledge inHaiti, There are trained architects. There are cityplanners. That’s not the problem,” Schuller said. “The problem is a lack of funding for coordination (协调), and lack of political will from donors to organizations providing aid.”12. Which factor causing the huge damage is highlighted?A. Its overpopulation.B. Its weak government.C. Its geographical location.D. Its weak architecture system.13. What does the underlined part “the fault” in paragraph 4 refer to?A Lacking political will to provide aid.B. Lacking hurricane-resistant; buildings.C. Lacking earthquake-resistant buildings.D. Sitting on the crossing of two tectonic plates.14. What’s Schuller’s attitude towardsHaiti’s government?A Supportive. B. Critical.C. Indifferent.D. Interested.15. Which of the following can be a problem according tothe last paragraph?A. Fund and will.B. Skilled architects.C. Urban designers.D. Technology and money.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试题及参考答案

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试题及参考答案

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语三模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AHubeiProvincehas long been a favorite Chinese tourist destination because of its natural scenery, historic cities, and beautiful mountains. Here are some of the best places to visit inHubeiProvince.YellowCraneTowerYellowCraneToweris known as one of the Three Famous Towers South of Yangtze River, together withYueyangTowerinHunanand Tengwang Pavilion inJiangxi. The history ofYellowCraneTowerdates back to the Three Kingdoms period (220-280) in Chinese history. The tower was used as a watchtower by the King of Wu's army in the beginning.Enshi Grand CanyonEnshi Grand Canyon can beChina's answer to the Grand Canyon inArizona, theUnited Statesin beauty. The canyon runs 108 kilometers and occupies a land area of 3,000 square kilometers. The region where Enshi Grand Canyon is located used to be a vast sea with many limestone deposits 230 million years ago.Shennongjia Scenic AreaIt is famous for its varied plant species as well as mountains. Regarded as the “Lungs of Central China", the forest coverage reaches over 90 percent of the area. Due to the special climate, it is neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. Sometimes clouds stretch around mountains, rewarding tourists with unforgettable views. Besides, the area is home to some rare animals such as golden monkeys, white bears and antelope.The Three-Gorge Tribe scenic spotLocated in the area of the Xiling Gorge in the city ofYichang, it has the beauty of landscape paintings. The spot is a “ProtectedCenterof the Popular Culture and Art of the Three Gorges”. Since ancient times, a lot of famous scholars have produced a great number of excellent poems praising the beauty of this place, some of which are carved on the stones along theYangtze River.1. What is special aboutYellowCraneTower?A. It has a long history.B. It offers a scenic view.C. It once served war's purposes.D. It is the best-known tower inChina2. Why is the Grand Canyon inArizonamentioned ?A. To explain its popularity inChina.B. To help readers know more about it.C. To prove the beauty of the Chinese canyon.D. To show differences between the two canyons.3. Which place will a Chinese literature lover probably visit?A. Enshi Grand Canyon.B.YellowCraneTower.C. Shennongjia Scenic Area.D. TheThree-Gorge Tribe scenic spot.BAfter a year at sea, 16-year-old Laura Dekker can finally say, “Missionaccomplished!” Last month, she finished a daring trip around the world aboard her 38-foot boat, Guppy. Dekker, who is from theNetherlands, traveled more than 30,000 miles all by herself. She is the youngest person ever to sail around the globe alone.Dekker had wanted to lake on this challenge when she was even younger. She first tried to set sail at the age of 13, but a court in theNetherlandsstopped her. They said that she was too young to make such a risky trip by herself. But Dekker insisted she had the navigation skills and patience of an adult sailor.She finally took off on January 20, 2011. During her trip, Dekker battled loneliness, storms, and worries about pirates. But she also got to surf, scuba dive, and started a new hobby: playing the flute. Although Dekker didn’t spend all of her time at sea—she stopped at ports along the way—she did spend her 16lh birthday on the open ocean. To celebrate, she ate doughnuts for breakfast.But Dekker didn’t sail into the record books. Guinness World Records and the World Sailing Speed Record Council no longer recognize records for “youngest” sailors. They dropped the category in 2009 to discourage children fromattempting such dangerous feats (壮举). But that didn’t stop Dekker，who was born on a yacht during a seven-year world voyage undertaken by her parents.Dekker doesn’t mind that she won’t hold an official record. She says it was a personal goal, and she is happy she achieved it.“I am not disappointed at all that Guinness World Record won’t recognize my attempt.” Dekker wrote on her website. “I did not start on my trip to achieve any record…I did it just for myself.”4. Dekker wasn’t allowed to sail at the age of 13 because .A. people were concerned about her safetyB.she didn’t learn any sailing skills wellC. she had to continue her study at schoolD. she didn’t have enough patience for long trips5. What does the underlined word “accomplished” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Failed.B. Completed.C. Continued.D. Started.6. In 2009 records for youngest sailors were canceled in order to .A. set a higher sailing standard for teen sailorsB. stop children entering Guinness World RecordsC. encourage parents to sail with their childrenD. prevent children making dangerous attempts7. What could be the best title for this passage?A. A New Guinness World Record in SailingB. A New Sailing Standard for Teen SailorsC. A Teen Girl Sailing Alone Aroundthe WorldD. The Youngest Sailor in Guinness World RecordsCIn the world of Chinese archaeology(考古学), a sign of a dig's importance is the sight of Zhou Mingsheng at work. A field technician who has worked at archaeological sites all aroundChina. Master Zhou iscredited with the gentlest touch in his profession. Born into a farming family, he is a “national-level craftsman” with a talent for using simple tools to get relics(遗物) that wouldcrumblein other hands, says his current boss, Wang Xu, director of an archaeological site at Shuanghuaishu, a Neolithic(新石器时代的) settlement near the Yellow River in the central province of Henan.It is not beauty that attracts visitors to Shuanghuaishu. At 5,300 years old, the settlement is the work of a culture too simple to have left behind many buried treasures. The single most precious find, to date, is a finger-length sculpture of a silkworm. Nor is the setting lovely: an area surrounded by deafening insects, between a highway and two power stations. Rather, the site's importance is historical. For since the birth of Chinese archaeology in the 1920s, it has been inseparable from claims thatChinahas the oldest unbroken civilisation onEarth.Leading archaeologists say that the site has the right combination of location, age and distinctive cultural elements to be the capital of an early Chinese kingdom. That would make it a bridge betweenChina's written history and the era of the Yellow Emperor, who is said to rule over these central plains almost 5,000 years ago, though many foreign scholars doubt his existence. Chinese media call the site proof ofChina's 5,000 years of history.Foreigners complain about a lack of written records, Mr. Wang notes. Perhaps they are missing symbols that will one day be understood, for instance in patterned pottery. Outsiders “can't keep using Western standards to apply to Chinese ruins,” he argues.8. What does the underlined word “crumble” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Break.B. Start.C. Wait.D. Shine.9. Why does Shuanghuaishu attract visitors?A. It has appealing scenery.B. It has various precious treasures.C. It is of great historical significance.D. It is easily accessible.10. What is Mr. Wang's attitude towards foreigners’ view?A. Unconcern.B. Disapproving.C. Supportive.D. Not mentioned.11. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Chinese history amazes the world.B. Chinese archaeology catches on.C. China follows its tradition.D.Chinadigs its past.DAmerican football was the fastest-growing sport for US young players last year, according to a survey sponsored by the sport's governing body.But it was the game's no tackle variety that showed the biggest increase－a finding that may reflect concerns about injury. In American football, a tackle (抢断球) refers to an attempt to stop an opponent by forcing them to the ground.The number of participants in football grew in 2015 while most other sport, except baseball, posted a decline, USA Football said on Monday, citing(引用) the findings of a survey of 30,000 children and teenagers.Participation in flag football (a no-tackle type of football) increased by 8.7 percent among children aged 6 to 14, while tackle football rose by 1.9 percent. For that age group, the only other sport that grew was baseball, with a 3. 3 percent increase.In the 15-to-18 age group, flag football rose by 10. 5 percent, while tackle grew by 2.5 percent.Basketball was the third, with a 1. 1 percent increase. Participation in all other sports declined.Tom Farrey, executive director of the Aspen Institute's Sports & Society Program, said he was surprised that flag football participation rose so much.“The trend suggests that parents aremarching to the beat of a different drummer, in pursuing flagas an alternative for their kids," he said.The findings come at a time of increasing concern about the risk associated with youth sports, particularly hockey (曲棍球) and football, where medical researchers have warned about the risk of concussions (damagesto the brain caused by violent blows to the head) and death linked to brain injury.USA Football, anIndianapolis,Indianabased nonprofit funded in part by the National Football League, believed that the increases resulted from better safety and health education."Football participation increases, even modest increases, may signal that programs such as our Heads Up Football program and practice guidelines are making a positive difference," said Scot Hallenbeck, USA Football chief executive, in a statement.Robert Cantu, aBostonUniversityneurosurgery professor and investigator at the school's chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) Center said the increase in fag football participation signaled that more parents were directing children to a safe alternative12. What can we learn about the two age groups?A. Flag football grew the fastest in the 6-to-18 group.B. Tackle football grew he fastest in the 6-to-14 group.C. Participation in baseball declined the most in both groupsD. Participation in tackle football increased the most in both groups.13. The underlined part probably means ________.A working at a different paceB. behaving in a different wayC. ignoring the major differencesD. trying to accept different opinions14. The popularity of flag football is inked with the fact thatA. its rules have been adapted for young playersB. it receives more funds than other varietiesC. tackle football is an old-fashioned gameD. experts worry about children's safety15. What is the cause of football growth according to USA Football?A. Their safety programs are successful.B. More children show interest in the game.C. Football is less likely to cause concussions.D. There are different types of football to choose from.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案解析

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案解析

2019-2020学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt was a weeknight and one of my twin daughters marched into the room, waving a book she'd finished. “Dad, why are books with science in them always about boys?” she asked.I told her that simply wasn't true; there were loads of great science fictions with girls in them. She agreed, but argued that in those stories it was the boys who were doing science, and the girls were justalong for the ride. My other daughter took her sister's side and challenged me to give an example.This left me in a difficult position. I could either go through our library to point out some wonderful examples of female-led science fictions, or just admit they were right and remain in my comfortable chair.I've been asked several times how I came up with the idea forA Problematic Paradoxand my answer is always the same: it came to me in a moment of inspiration. I like that answer because it's simple and makes me seem very creative. The fact that this explanation is not true bothers me from time to time. Here's the truth: the story wasn't my idea. It was my daughters who suggested I write something for them that had a girl doing science.My daughters were at an age when many young women turn away from STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math), believing those areas of study unfriendly or out-of-the-norm for girls. I also read about how important role models can be to young people. It's one thing to tell a person they can do something, but seeing someone like them doing that thing can be more powerful.So, I kept two guidelines for the book in mind: First, the story had to be fun for anyone, because it's as important for boys to understand that science is for everyone. Second, I wanted the main character, Nikola, to be imperfect. She should be someone with shortcomings as we all have. I think this not only makes a story more interesting to read, but also helps make it clear that the most extraordinary things can be done by ordinary people.1. What does the underlined phrase “along for the ride” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Entering a bike race.B. Offering vital help.C. Doing unimportant things.D. Playing the leading role.2. What do we know about the bookA Problematic Paradox1?A. Its main character is perfect.B. It is a female-led science fiction.C. It is intended to appeal to girls only.D. Its idea comes from the author's inspiration.3. Which of the following best describes the author's book?A. Serious and abstract.B. Simple and practical.C. Creative and well-organized.D. Inspiring and interesting.BUnderstanding the link between a clean environment and human life is not a new concept. In fact, it was noticed as early as ancient Rome. Today we see how green living has infiluenced our everyday lives. There is a growing community of people who embrace a zero waste lifestyle and make changes to the way they live to reduce their carbon footprint.Living a zero waste lifestyle means doing one’s best to achieve the aim of not sending anything to a landfill. People who adopt this lifestyle ultimately cut down on their waste by reducing what they need and want. They reuse what they own, sending few things to be recycled.Many people who adopt the zero waste lifestyle claim to be frustrated by the many harmful chemical substances found in beauty and cleaning products. They also find the uses of disposable items and excessive packaging. For example, how many times have we had to peel away layers of plastic wrap and cardboard before finally taking out the item which we had bought? Instead of buying pre-packed food and goods, those who identify with the zero waste philosophy tend to shop in stores that allow them to make purchases and bring their own cloth bags and glass jars to store their purchases.Many people may have the misconception that it is easier to live a zero waste lifestyle in the West. Nevertheless, Malaysian environmental journalist, Ms. Aurora Tin, has proven that a zero waste lifestyle is possible even in the Asian context. Instead of going to the supermarket to buy pre-packaged foods, Ms. Tin now visits the wet market and brings her own bags for vegetables. She has even stopped using store-bought toothpaste and makes her own toothpaste from coconut oil and baking soda. This lifestyle may be too big a change for the average person, but we could follow her suit to make gradual changes to our own lives.4. Which of the following is a zero waste lifestyle?A. Bringing a resuable container to take away food.B. Choosing appliances that cost less money.C. Turning off a device to stop using power.D. Classifying the garbage before throwing it away.5. What may disappoint a person who adopts a zero waste lifestyle?A. Recycable carboard.B. Excessive packaging.C. Glass jars to store purchases.D. Natural substances in cleaning products.6. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. How do people live a zero waste lifestyle.B. Why Ms. Tin chooses to live a zero waste lifestyle..C. We can also practice a zero waste lifestyle in Asia.D. It is easy to live a zero waste lifestyle in the West.7. What is the best title of the passage?A. Living a zero waste lifestyle.B. Going green ismore than a fashion.C. A zero waste lifetyle is easy to achieve.D. Making environmentally-conscious decisions.CHardware in general,and smartphones in particular,have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global South's landfill sites(垃圾填埋场).Electronic waste(e-waste) currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste,and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone,laptop and power bank They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on theoutskirts of Ghana's capital,Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world,where 10,000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process.They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.But Agbogbloshie should not exist.The Basel Convention,a 1989 treaty,aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries.The e-waste industry,however,circumventsregulations by exporting e-waste labelled as "secondhand goods' to poor countries like Ghana,knowing full well hat it is heading for a landfill site.A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals.This is not surprising: smartphones contain chemicals like mercury（水银）,lead and even arsenic(砷).Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certainchemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that's about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Most worryingly,these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system.This should concern us all, since some ofGhana's top exports are cocoa and nuts.Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers' waste.For example,Germanyhas started a project that includes a sustainable recycling system at Agbogbloshie,along with a health clinic for workers.However,governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demandfor hardware,especially when governments' green policies are focused on issues like climate change.Only the manufacturers can fix this.A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable,or at least cost-neutral8. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Electronic waste requires more landfill sites acrossGhana.B. Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycleC. Electronic products need to be improved urgentlyD. Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie9. What does the underlined word "circumvents"in Paragraph 3 mean?A. AbolishesB. TightensC. Brings inD. Gets around10. What should be the best concern according to the text?A. The thread of polluted food around the worldB. The damage of chicken’s immune systemC. The lack of diversity inGhana's exportsD. The violation of EFSA's standards11. What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem?A. Manufacturers' developing a sustainable hardware economyB. Governments’ adjusting their green policies about e-waste.C. Reducing customers' demands for electronic productsD. Manufacturers’ urging the government to make effective policies to ensure more profit.DIt's a popular belief that a fish's memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don't remember what they've eaten or where they’ve been, and they don't identify you or any of their friends--every moment intheir life would be like seeing the world for the first time.But don't be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from Mac Ewan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food.They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again.Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements.They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences.In fact. scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively(挑衅地) in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past "fights".But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence.Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survivein the wild. "If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risk,"lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals.But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence.12. According to the text, people commonly believe that ______.A. fish don't recognize any of their friendsB. a fish's memory lasts for only seven minutesC. fish can only remember part of their past experiencesD. fish can remember things that happened long ago13. How can fish benefit most from a good memory?A. They can remember their enemies and fight.B. They can remember where to get food and survive.C. They can remember their friends and help each other.D. They can remember where to go when in danger.14. What can we learn from the text?A. Only African cichlids have a good memory.B. African cichlids can remember things for 12 days.C. African cichlids always treat other fish aggressively.D. African cichlids don't belong to the list of smart animals.15. What is the text mainly about?A. What we can learn from fish.B. Fish having a very bad memory.C. How fish improve their memory.D. Fish being smarter than we thought.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三生物三模试卷及答案解析

2020-2021学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三生物三模试卷及答案解析

2020-2021学年江苏省常熟市梅李中学高三生物三模试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下列关于遗传物质的说法，错误的是（）①酵母菌的遗传物质是DNA①原核生物的遗传物质是RNA①细胞核内的遗传物质是DNA①细胞质内的遗传物质是RNA①甲型H1N1流感病毒的遗传物质是DNA或RNAA.①①①B.①①①C.①①①D.①①①2. 下列哪一组可解释细胞的统一性，细胞的多样性（）A.相同的结构基础，细胞分化B.相同的生理功能，细胞增殖C.相同的化合物组成，细胞分化D.相同的元素组成，细胞增殖3. 科学家在细胞膜成分和结构的探索过程中，运用了假说，学习了“细胞膜的流动镶嵌模型”一节后，某同学作如下比喻，错误的是()A. 把静态的三维结构比作“三明治”或“三合板”B. 细胞膜流动镶嵌模型比作“枣糕”，如图1所示C. 细胞膜流动镶嵌模型比作“正在煮着的粥”，如图2所示D. 细胞膜外表面的糖蛋白比作“信号接收塔”4. 医生给一个肾衰竭病人移植了一个健康的肾脏。

尽管医生的手术做得很成功，但几周后，这个移植的肾仍然坏死了。

这个是人体免疫反应造成的。

这里所提到的移植的肾属于（）A. 病原体B. 吞噬体C. 抗体D. 抗原5. 树突状细胞（DC）受到抗原刺激时，其表面的CD80等标志性蛋白会大量表达，从而激活T细胞，发挥免疫作用。

DC功能低下的部分患者在接种乙肝疫苗后不能产生对乙肝病毒的免疫应答。

下列叙述错误的是（）A.DC参与人体的特异性免疫B.DC能够识别和呈递抗原C.DC来自于造血干细胞的分化D. 正常人接种疫苗后，DC表面CD80的表达量较低6. 如图是心脏灌流装置示意图。

科学家把一只蛙的心脏（甲）（连带副交感神经）取出，将其与灌流装置的玻璃导管相连，管内灌上生理盐水以代替血液，使其仍然跳动。

甲心脏的液体可以通过另一个玻璃导管流入另一只蛙的离体心脏（乙）（已去除副交感神经）中。

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常熟市梅李中学2015届高三年级第三次模拟考试高三2013-06-03 08:52常熟市梅李中学2015届高三年级第三次模拟考试语文试卷2013.5.29一、语言文字运用（15分）1.下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同的一组是（3分）A.训诂/怙恶不悛泥淖/桂棹兰桨诘难/佶屈聱牙B.萎靡/虚与委蛇引吭/沆瀣一气隧道/遂心如意C.趿拉/岌岌可危昏愦/振聋发聩圜墙/声震寰宇D.桎梏/狡兔三窟皈依/如丸走坂稂莠/书声琅琅2.下列各项加点成语使用正确的一项是（3分）A.在论文答辩的整个过程中，导师徐教授不赞一词，而是严肃地指出了文章在逻辑上存在的诸多错误。

B.中国政府认为，中国海军在钓鱼岛附近海域巡航无可厚非，完全合法。

C.快速阅读不利于深入思考，看上去读得多，读得快，但“上心”的并不多。

长此以往，文化会变得浮泛和肤浅。

D.安宏纺织公司近年来对员工管理严格，求全责备，产品质量过硬，企业效益大幅度提升。

3．根据所给材料的内容，在下面画线处补写恰当的句子，不超过30个字。

（4分）材料：据史料记栽，1279年，元代著名天文学家郭守敬奉旨进行“四海测验”，在南海的测量点就在黄岩岛。

这说明，至少在元朝中国就已发现了黄岩岛。

1935年1月，中国政府组成的水陆地区审查委员会公布的南海诸岛132个岛礁沙滩中，黄岩岛以斯卡巴罗礁之名，并作为中沙群岛的一部分列入了中国版图。

1947年10月，中国政府核定和公布的南海诸岛新旧名称对照表中，将斯卡巴罗礁改为民主礁，列在中沙群岛范围内。

1983年中国地名委员会授权对外公布“我国南海诸岛部分地名”时，将黄岩岛作为标准名称，同时以民主礁为副名。

中国历代政府出版的官方地图均将黄岩岛标为中国领土。

黄岩岛一直不间断地在中国广东省、海南省的管辖下。

结论：中国对黄岩岛拥有领土主权的依据是。

4．阅读下面这段材料，然后按照要求回答问题。

（5分）一位中学生骑车上学，却不小心撞坏了一辆“宝马”车。

车主并不知情，是悄然离开，还是留下等待车主？这个问题的答案，每个人心中都有一杆秤。

这位中学生没有选择逃走，而是在现场等待了近半小时后，留下了一张附有联系方式（手机号码）的纸条并说明了情况。

此事通过微博很快传遍全国，中学生的做法受到网民的纷纷称赞。

如果你是车主，你将如何回复这位中学生？如果你是称赞他的网民，你又将如何跟帖？请至少使用一种修辞方法。

车主回复：（不超过40字）（3分）网民跟帖：（不超过40字）（2分）二、文言文阅读（共19分）阅读下面的文言文，完成5—8题。

黄英蒲松龄马子才，顺天人。

世好菊，至才尤甚。

归至中途，遇一少年，跨蹇从油碧车，丰姿洒落，渐近与语，少年自曰陶姓。

因与论艺菊之法。

马欣然曰：“仆虽固贫，茅庐可以寄榻。

不嫌荒陋，无烦他适。

”陶趋车前向姊咨禀，车中人推帘语，乃二十许绝世美人也。

顾弟言：“屋不厌卑，而院宜得广。

”马代诺之，遂与俱归。

日过北院为马治菊，菊已枯，拔根再植之，无不活。

陶姊小字黄英，雅善谈。

陶一日谓马曰：“君家固不丰，仆日以口腹累知交，胡可为常！为今计，卖菊亦足谋生。

”马素介，闻陶言，甚鄙之，曰：“仆以君风流雅士，当能安贫；今作是论，则以东篱为市井，有辱黄花矣。

”陶笑曰：“自食其力不为贪，贩花为业不为俗。

人固不可苟求富，然亦不必务求贫也。

”马不语，陶起而出。

自是马所弃残枝劣种，陶悉掇拾而去。

未几菊将开，闻其门嚣喧如市。

怪之，过而窥焉，见市人买花者，车载肩负，道相属也。

其花皆异种，目所未睹。

心厌其贪，欲与绝；而又恨其私秘佳种，遂款其扉，将就消让。

陶出，握手曳入。

见荒庭半亩皆菊畦，其蓓蕾在畦者，罔不佳妙，而细认之，尽皆向所拔弃也。

陶入室，出酒馔，设席畦侧，曰：“仆贫不能守清戒，连朝幸得微资，颇足供醉。

”渐而旧日花畦，尽为廊舍。

至秋载花去，春尽不归。

而马妻病卒。

意属黄英，微使人风示之。

黄英微笑，意似允许。

课仆种菊，一如陶。

黄英既适马，于间壁开扉通南第，日过课其仆。

马耻以妻富，恒嘱黄英作南北籍，以防淆乱。

不半岁，土木大作，马不能禁。

经数月，楼舍连垣，两第竟合为一，不分疆界矣。

然遵马教，闭门不复业菊，而享用过于世家，马不自安。

黄英曰：“妾非贪鄙；但不少致丰盈，遂令千载下人，谓渊明贫贱骨，百世不能发迹，故聊为我家彭泽解嘲耳。

然贫者愿富为难，富者求贫固亦甚易。

床头金任君挥去之。

”马曰：“捐他人之金，抑亦良丑。

”英曰：“君不愿富，妾亦不能贫也。

无已，析君居：清者自清，浊者自浊，何害？”乃于园中筑茅茨，择美婢往侍马。

马安之。

然过数日，苦念黄英。

招之不肯至，不得已反就之。

隔宿辄至以为常。

黄英笑曰：“东食西宿，廉者当不如是。

”马亦自笑无以对，遂复合居如初。

（选自《聊斋志异》，有删节）5.对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是（3分）A.因与论艺菊之法艺：种植。

B.黄英既适马适：到，往C.恒嘱黄英作南北籍籍：登记D.课仆种菊，一如陶课：督促完成6.下列句子中，全都表现马子才“安贫”的一组是（3分）①马素介，闻陶言，甚鄙之②自食其力不为贪③心厌其贪，欲与绝④马耻以妻富⑤ 享用过于世家，马不自安⑥清者自清，浊者自浊A.①②⑥B.②④⑤C.①③④D.③⑤⑥7.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）A.马子才家世世代代爱好菊花，传到他更是爱得厉害。

路遇少年，论菊投契，因此并邀姐弟俩回家借住。

B.马子才看不惯陶姓少年出售菊花的行为，但因为他私藏了好的菊种，又不得不虚以委蛇，和他一起喝酒。

C.黄英向马子才解释卖菊花的原因：不是贪图富贵，而是为贫穷爱菊的陶渊明扬眉吐气。

D.黄英一开始不能说服马子才改变自己对贩菊富贵的看法，就选择了和马子才分居；马子才因思念黄英，最后还是和她住到了一起。

8.把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

（10分）（1）君家固不丰，仆日以口腹累知交，胡可为常！（3分）（2）怪之，过而窥焉，见市人买花者，车载肩负，道相属也。

（4分）（3）捐他人之金，抑亦良丑。

（3分）三、古诗词鉴赏（10分）9．阅读下面这首宋诗，然后回答问题。

梅花二首苏轼其一春来幽谷水潺潺，灼烁梅花草棘间。

一夜东风吹石裂，半随飞雪度关山。

其二何人把酒慰深幽？开自无聊落更愁。

幸有清溪三百曲，不辞相送到黄州。

【注】《梅花二首》写在苏轼因“乌台诗案”被贬黄州的途中。

（1）简要分析《其一》如何描写梅花的。

说明《其一》中梅花有着怎样的特点。

（4分）（2）《其二》“开自无聊落更愁”句用了借物喻人的手法，试做分析。

（3分）（3）《梅花二首》中梅花寄托了诗人怎样的思想感情？（3分）四、名句名篇默写（8分）10．补写出下列名句名篇中的空缺部分。

（1）后人哀之而不鉴之，。

（杜牧《阿房宫赋》）（2）纵一苇之所如，。

（苏轼《赤壁赋》）（3）地崩山摧壮士死，。

（李白《蜀道难》）（4）定乎内外之分，，斯已矣。

（庄子《逍遥游》）（5）蟹六跪而二螯，，用心躁也。

（荀子《劝学》）（6）总角之宴，。

信誓旦旦，不思其反。

（《诗经·氓》）（7）浩荡离愁白日斜，。

（龚自珍《己亥杂诗》）（8）大学之道，，在亲民，在止于至善。

（《礼记·大学》）五、现代文阅读：文学类文本（20分）阅读下面的作品，完成11—14题。

上一碗米饭的时间肖复兴入冬后北京最冷的那天晚上，我在一家小饭馆里。

家里的人都出了远门，没有饭辙儿，要不我是不会在这么冷的天跑出来到这里吃晚饭的。

正是饭点儿，小饭馆里顾客盈门，只剩下靠门口的一张桌子空着，虽然只要一开门，冷风就会乘机呼呼而入，别无选择，我只好坐在了那儿。

服务员是位模样儿俊俏的小个子始娘，拿着个小本子，笑吟吟地站在我的面前，一口外地口音问我：您吃点儿什么？我要了三两茴香馅的饺子和一盆西红柿牛腩锅仔。

很快，饺子和锅仔都上了来，热气腾腾的扑面撩人，呼啸寒风便都挡在了窗外了。

埋头吃得热乎乎的，觉得忽然有一股冷风吹来，抬头一看，一位老头已经走到我的桌前，也是别无选择地坐了下来。

在我的对面坐下来之后，大概看见我正在望着他，老头冲我笑了笑，那笑有些僵硬，不大自然。

也许，是为自己一身油渍麻花的破棉袄感到有些羞涩，和这一饭馆衣着光鲜的红男绿女对应得不大谐调。

我看不出他有多大年纪，或许还没有我大，只是胡子拉碴的显得有些苍老。

我猜想他可能是位农民工，或者刚刚来到北京找活儿的外乡人。

他坐在那里，半天也没见服务员过来，便没话找话的和我搭话，指指饺子，问我饺子怎么卖？我告诉他一两三块钱吧。

他立刻应了声：这么贵！这时候，那个小个子姑娘拿着小本子走了过来，走到老头的身边，问道：你吃什么？老头望了望她，多少有点儿犹豫，最后说：我要一碗米饭。

姑娘弯下头在小本子上记下来，又抬起头问：还要什么？老头说：就一碗米饭！姑娘有些奇怪：不再要点儿什么菜？老头这回毫不犹豫地说：一碗米饭就够了。

然后补充句：要不麻烦你再给我倒碗开水！姑娘不耐烦了，一转身冲我眉毛一挑，撇了撇嘴，风摆柳枝般走了。

过了好长时间，也没见姑娘把一碗米饭端上来，更不要说那一碗开水了。

在这样一个势利眼长得比鸡眼还多的社会里，人们的眼睛都容易长到眉毛上面，很多饭馆都会这样，不会把只要一碗米饭的顾客放在心上，更何况是一个衣衫褴楼的老头，在他们眼里几乎是乞丐一样呢。

姑娘来回走了几次，大概早忘了这一碗米饭。

我悄悄地望了一眼对面的老头，看得出来，老头有些心急，也有些尴尬，又不知道如何是好，如坐针毡。

我很想把盘子里的饺子让给老头先垫补一下，但把剩下小半盘的饺子给人家吃，总显得不那么礼貌，有些居高临下，就像电影《青春之歌》里的余永泽打发要饭的似的。

那锅仔我还没有动，可以先让他喝几口，但一想饭还没吃，先让人家喝汤，恐怕也不舍适，而且也容易被老头拒绝。

因此，当姑娘又向这边走来的时候，我远远地冲她招招手，她走了过来，老头看见了她，张着嘴动了动，一定是想问她：我那一碗米饭呢？但如今的小姑娘哪一个好惹？为了避免尴尬，我先把话抢了过来，对她说：姑娘，你给我上碗米饭！话音刚落，怕她同样嫌弃我也只要一碗米饭，便又加了句：再来三两饺子。

姑娘在小本子上记了下来，转身走了。

我冲着她的背影喊了句：快点儿呀！她头没有回，扬扬手中的小本说道：行哩！老头望了望姑娘走去的背影，又望了望我，什么话都没有说，似乎是想看看，同样一碗米饭，到底谁的先上来。

一下子，让我忽然感觉偌大的饭馆里，仿佛主角只剩下了老头、姑娘和我三个人，三个人彼此的。

思颠簸着，纠结着，一时无语，却有着不少潜台词。

我望了望老头，也没有说话。

我是想等这一碗米饭和三两饺子上来，一起给老头。

谁家都有老人，谁都有老的时候，谁都有饿的时候，谁都有钱紧甚至是一分钱让尿憋死的时候。

老头垂下头，不再看我。

我埋下头来，吃那小半盘的剩饺子，也不敢再望他，我不知道此刻他在想什么，但生怕我的目光总落在他的身上会让他觉得尴尬。

很快，也就是那小半盘剩饺子快要吃完的功夫，只听姑娘一声喊：您的米饭和饺子来了，便把一碗米饭和三两热腾腾的饺子端在我的桌子上，同时也把老头的那一碗米饭端在桌上。

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