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Henry-David-Thoreau-大卫梭罗

1. Henry David Thoreau (2)
1. Henry David Thoreau (3)
He was born in Concord, Massachusetts. From 1841 to 1843 Thoreau lived in the home
of American essayist and transcendental philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson. In 1845 Thoreau moved to a crude hut on the shores of Walden Pond, where he devoted his time to studying nature, meditating on philosophical problems, reading classic literature, and holding long conversations with his neighbors.
Reading Assignments
1. Henry David Thoreau (1)
1817-1862, American writer, philosopher, and naturalist, whose work demonstrates how the abstract ideals of libertarianism and individualism can be effectively instilled in a person”s life.
1. Henry David Thoreau (6)
Studies on Thoreau 王光林：《美国的梭罗争论》，《华东师
范大学学报》〔哲学社会科学版〕，2023 年第6期，第99-103+117页。陈爱华：《梭罗在中国：1949至2023》，《四川外语学院学报》，2023年第2期，第 42-45页。

Henry David Thoreau梭罗

main work
康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一个星期（A Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers ，1849 年）论公民的不服从权利，又译作消极反抗（Civil Disobedience ，1849年）马萨诸赛州的奴隶制度（Slavery in Massachusetts ，1854年）瓦尔登湖，又译作湖滨散记（Walden ，1854年）为约翰·布朗上校请愿（A Plea for Captain John Brown ，1860年）远足（Excursions ，1863年）缅因森林（The Maine Woods ，1864年）科德角（Cape Cod ，1865年）马萨诸赛州的早春（Early Spring in Massachusetts，1881年）夏（Summer ，1884年）冬（Winter ，1888年）秋（Autumn ，1892年）杂录（Miscellanies ，1894年）梭罗最初与最后的旅行，最近发现于梭罗未发表的日记和手稿中（The First and Last Journeys of Thoreau ，1905年）
* 冬天的禽兽(Winter Animals )
* 冬天的湖(The Pond in Winter)
* 春天(Spring )
* 结束语(Conclusion
Theme
Simplicity: Simplicity seems to be Thoreau's model for life. Throughout the book, Thoreau constantly seeks to simplify his lifestyle
After that, he met his mutual friend, Emerson, who was 14 years his senior, took a paternal and at times patronizing interest in Thoreau, advising the young man and introducing him to a circle of local writers and thinkers.

英语故事-Henry David Thoreau

英语故事Henry David Thoreau亨利·戴维·梭罗，美国作家、哲学家，超验主义代表人物，也是一位废奴主义及自然主义者，有无政府主义倾向，曾任职土地勘测员。

Henry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau (born David Henry Thoreau; July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862) was an American author, poet, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, philosopher, and leading transcendentalist. he is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, civil disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.Thoreau’s books, articles, essays, journals, and poetry total over 20 volumes. Among his lasting contributions were his writings on natural history and philosophy, where he anticipated the methods and findings of ecology and environmental history, two sources of modern day environmentalism. His literary style interweaves close natural observation, personal experience, pointed rhetoric, symbolic meanings, and historical lore; while displaying a poetic sensibility, philosophical austerity, and “Yankee”loves of practical detail. He was also deeply interested in the idea of survival in the face of hostile elements, historical change, and natural decay; at the same time imploring one to abandon waste and illusion in order to discover life’s true essential needs. He was a lifelong abolitionist, delivering lectures that attacked the fugitive slave law while praising the writings of Wendell Phillips and defending abolitionist John brown. Thoreau’s philosophy of civil disobedience influenced the political thoughts and actions of such later figures as Leo Tolstoy, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther king, Jr. Thoreau is sometimes cited as anindividualist anarchist. though civil disobedience calls for improving rather than abolishing government –“I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government”–the direction of this improvement aims at anarchism: “‘that government is best which governs not at all;’ and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.”Early life and educationHe was born David Henry Thoreau in Concord, Massachusetts, to John Thoreau (a pencil maker) and Cynthia Dunbar. His paternal grandfather was of French origin and was born in jersey. His maternal grandfather, Asa Dunbar, led Harvard’s 1766 student “Butter rebellion”, the first recorded student protest in the colonies. David Henry was named after a recently deceased paternal uncle, David Thoreau. He did not become “Henry David” until after college, althoughhe never petitioned to make a legal name change. He had two older siblings, Helen and John Jr., and a younger sister, Sophia. Thoreau’s birthplace still exists on Virginia road in concord and is currently the focus of preservation efforts. The house is original, but it now stands about 100 yards away from its first site.Portrait of Thoreau from 1854amos Bronson Alcott and Thoreau’s aunt each wrote that “Thoreau”is pronounced like the word “thorough”, whose standard American pronunciation rhymes with “furrow”. Edward Emerson wrote that the name should be pronounced “Thó-row, the h sounded, and accent on the first syllable.”in appearance he was homely, with a nose that he called “my most prominent feature.” of his face, Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote: “Thoreau is as ugly as sin, long-nosed, queer-mouthed, and with uncouth and rustic, though courteous manners, corresponding very well with such an exterior. But his ugliness is of an honest and agreeable fashion, and becomes him much better than beauty.” Thoreau also wore a neck-beard for many years, which he insisted manywomen found attractive. However, Louisa may Alcott mentioned to Ralph Waldo Emerson that Thoreau’s facial hair “will most assuredly deflect amorous advances and preserve the man’s virtue in perpetuity.” Thoreau studied at Harvard University between 1833 and 1837. He lived in Hollis Hall and took courses in rhetoric, classics, philosophy, mathematics, and science.A legend proposes that Thoreau refused to pay the five-dollar fee for a Harvard diploma. in fact, the master’s degree he declined to purchase had no academic merit: Harvard College offered it to graduates “who proved their physical worth by being alive three years after graduating, and their saving, earning, or inheriting quality or condition by having five dollars to give the college.” his comment was: “let every sheep keep its own skin”, a reference to the tradition of diplomas being written on sheepskin vellum.Civil disobedience and the Walden years: 1845–1849Thoreau embarked on a two-year experiment in simple living on July 4, 1845, when he moved to a small, self-built house on land owned by Emerson in a second-growth forest around the shores of Walden Pond. The house was not in wilderness but at the edge of town, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from his family home. On July 24 or July 25, 1846, Thoreau ran into the local tax collector, Sam Staples, who asked him to pay six years of delinquent poll taxes. Thoreau refused because of his opposition to the Mexican-American war and slavery, and he spent a night in jail because of this refusal. (The next day Thoreau was freed, against his wishes, when his aunt paid his taxes.) The experience had a strong impact on Thoreau. In January and February 1848, he delivered lectures on “the rights and duties of the individual in relation to Government”explaining his tax resistance at the concord lyceum. Bronson Alcott attended the lecture, writing in his journal on January 26: heard Thoreau’s lecture before the lyceum on the relation of the individual to the state– an admirable statement of the rights of the individual to self-government, and an attentive audience. His allusions to the Mexican War, to Mr. Hoar’s expulsion from Carolina, his own imprisonment in concord jail for refusal to pay his tax, Mr. Hoar’s payment of mine whentaken to prison for a similar refusal, were all pertinent, well considered, and reasoned. I took great pleasure in this deed of Thoreau’s. —Bronson Alcott, Journals (1938)Thoreau revised the lecture into an essay entitled resistance to civil government (also known as civil disobedience). In May 1849 it was published by Elizabeth Peabody in the aesthetic papers. Thoreau had taken up a version of Percy Shelley’s principle in the political poem The Mask of Anarchy (1819) that Shelley begins with the powerful images of the unjust forms of authority of his time –and then imagines the stirrings of a radically new form of social action. At Walden Pond, he completed a first draft of a week on the concord and Merrimack Rivers, an elegy to his brother, John, that described their 1839 trip to the White Mountains. Thoreau did not find a publisher for this book and instead printed 1,000 copies at his own expense, though fewer than 300 were sold. Thoreau self-published on the advice of Emerson, using Emerson’s own publisher, Munroe, who did little to publicize the book. Its failure put Thoreau into debt that took yearsto pay off, and Emerson’s flawed advice caused a schism between the friends that never entirely healed. In august 1846, Thoreau briefly left Walden to make a trip to Mount Katahdin in Maine, a journey later recorded in “Ktaadn,” the first part of The Maine Woods.Thoreau left Walden Pond on September 6, 1847. Over several years, he worked to pay off his debts and also continuously revised his manuscript for what, in 1854, he would publish as Walden, or life in the woods, recounting the two years, two months, and two days he had spent at Walden Pond. The book compresses that time into a single calendar year, using the passage of four seasons to symbolize human development. Part memoir and part spiritual quest, Walden at first won few admirers, but today critics regard it as a classic American work that explores natural simplicity, harmony, and beauty as models for just social and cultural conditions.。

有关梭罗的英语作文

有关梭罗的英语作文Title: The Life and Legacy of Henry David Thoreau。

Introduction:Henry David Thoreau, an American philosopher,naturalist, and writer, is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in American literature. Throughhis works and his life, Thoreau advocated for simplicity, self-reliance, and a deep connection with nature. Thisessay explores the life, beliefs, and lasting impact of Henry David Thoreau.Body:1. Early Life and Education:Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817, in Concord, Massachusetts. He grew up in a family of modest means, but his parents encouraged his intellectual pursuits.Thoreau graduated from Harvard University in 1837, where he developed a deep interest in literature, philosophy, and natural sciences.2. Walden and the Philosophy of Simplicity:Thoreau's most famous work, "Walden," published in 1854, is a reflection on his experience living in a cabin near Walden Pond for two years. In this book, Thoreau explores the themes of simplicity, self-reliance, and the importance of living in harmony with nature. He believed that by simplifying our lives and reducing our material possessions, we could achieve a deeper sense of fulfillment and freedom.3. Civil Disobedience and Political Activism:Thoreau was also known for his essay "Civil Disobedience," published in 1849. In this essay, he argues that individuals have a moral obligation to resist unjust laws and government actions. Thoreau's ideas on civil disobedience influenced many future leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr., who usednonviolent resistance to fight for social justice.4. Naturalist and Environmentalist:Thoreau had a deep love for the natural world and spent much of his time studying and observing nature. He believed that nature was a source of spiritual and intellectual inspiration. Thoreau's writings on nature and his advocacy for the preservation of wilderness areas laid the foundation for the modern environmental movement.5. Influence and Legacy:Thoreau's writings and philosophy continue to inspire people around the world. His emphasis on simplicity, self-reliance, and the importance of nature resonates with individuals seeking a more meaningful and sustainable way of life. Thoreau's ideas on civil disobedience and resistance have also had a lasting impact on social and political movements.Conclusion:Henry David Thoreau's life and works continue to be celebrated for their profound influence on American literature, philosophy, and environmentalism. His belief in simplicity, self-reliance, and the importance of nature serve as a timeless reminder of the need to live in harmony with our surroundings. Thoreau's ideas on civil disobedience also remind us of the power of individual action in the face of injustice. Overall, Thoreau's legacy serves as a guiding light for those seeking a more meaningful and purposeful existence.。

梭罗

指划破，病毒迅速蔓延，发展成了牙关紧闭症(败血症的一种)。十天之后，约翰溘然长逝。梭罗伤心欲绝，三个月闭门不出。
哥哥的逝世和艾伦的拒绝成为梭罗一生的痛。从此梭罗再
也没有爱上过任何人。
梭罗的生活理念
Simplify , simplify, simplify.
2.作品
《康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一个星期》（A Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers ，1849年）《论公民的不服从权利》，又译作《消极反抗》（Civil Disobedience ，1849年）《马萨诸赛州的奴隶制度》（Slavery in Massachusetts ，1854 年）《为约翰· 布朗上校请愿》（A Plea for Captain John Brown ，1860年）《远足》（Excursions ，1863年）《缅因森林》（The Maine Woods ，1864年）《科德角》（Cape Cod ，1865年）《马萨诸赛州的早春》（Early Spring in Massachusetts) 杂录（Miscellanies ，1894年）《梭罗最初与最后的旅行》，最近发现于梭罗未发表的日记和手稿中（The First and Last Journeys of Thoreau ，1905年）
Where I Lived
What I Lived For
路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索
3.Masterpiece -Walden
《瓦尔登湖》内容简介
梭罗远离尘嚣，他想在自然的安谧中寻找一种本真的生存状态，寻求一种更诗意的生活。《瓦尔登湖》一书，详细地记录了作家在长达两年的时间里的日常生活状态以及所思所想，他在小木屋旁开荒种地，春种秋收，自给自足。他是一个自然之子，他崇尚自然，与自然交朋友，与湖水、森林和飞鸟对话，在林中观察动物和植物，在船上吹笛，在湖边钓鱼，晚上，在小木屋中记下自己的观察和思考。他追求精神生活，关注灵魂的成长，他骄傲地宣称：“每个人都是自己王国的国王，与这个王国相比，沙皇帝国也不过是一个卑微小国，犹如冰天雪地中的小雪团。”梭罗以他的实际行动告诉我们：人们所追求的大部分奢侈品，大部分的所谓生活的舒适，非但没有必要，而且对人类进步大有妨碍。《瓦尔登湖》记述了作者在简单生活中深入思考与重塑自我的心路历程，文笔宁静恬淡，引人深思，具有一种使人沉静的力量。

亨利·戴维·梭罗语录

亨利·戴维·梭罗语录“Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have imagined.”Henry David Thoreau.Living a life that is true to oneself and following one's dreams is a concept that has been echoed throughout history by many great thinkers and philosophers. Henry David Thoreau, an American essayist, poet, and philosopher, believed in the importance of living a life that is authentic and fulfilling. His words, "Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have imagined," serve as a powerful reminder for all of us to pursue our passions and live a life that is truly our own.Thoreau's words encourage us to have the courage to follow our dreams and to live a life that is in alignment with our deepest desires and aspirations. It is easy to get caught up in the expectations and demands of the world around us, but Thoreau reminds us that true fulfillment comes from living a life that is authentic and true to ourselves.Following our dreams and living the life we have imagined requires confidence and belief in ourselves. It means stepping outside of our comfort zones and taking risks in order to pursue what truly matters to us. It means being willing to face challenges and setbacks along the way, but also having the resilience to keep moving forward.Thoreau's words also remind us that our dreams and aspirations are unique to each of us. What may be fulfilling for one person may not be the same for another. It is important to honor our individual paths and to not compare ourselves to others. By living the life we have imagined, we are embracing our own values, passions, and purpose.In today's fast-paced and often chaotic world, it can be easy to lose sight of our dreams and aspirations. We may find ourselves caught up in the daily grind, feeling as though there is never enough time or energy to pursue what truly matters to us. However, Thoreau's words serve as a powerful reminder that it is never too late to start living the life we have imagined. It is never too late to take a step in the direction of our dreams and to start creating the life that we truly desire.Ultimately, Thoreau's words inspire us to live with intention and purpose. They remind us that we have the power to create the life we want, and that it is never too late to start. By going confidently in the direction of our dreams and living the life we have imagined, we can experience a sense of fulfillment and joy that comes from living authentically and in alignment with our true selves.。

亨利·戴维·梭罗(Henry David Thoreau)

弥尔顿故居
弥尔顿画像
作品:
• "Paradise Lost"《失乐园》 • "paradise"《复乐园》 • "Samson"《力士参和孙》
• But headlong joy is ever on the wing. • ——John Milton,British poet • 轻率的快乐总是瞬息即逝。 • ——英国诗人弥尔顿.J.
作品:
His poem language vivid, simple, often in plain in the magic show, and lofty mood often have an inspired passage.
(1) the lyric: 歌谣集》, "Tintern Abbey"《丁登寺旁》 (2) the long poem: "Overture"《序曲》 (3) the autobiographical narrative poem: "revolution and independence"《革命与独立》 (4) "the immortal song"《不朽颂》 (5) "hiking"《远足》
瓦尔登湖（Walden）
Thoreau described in detail in the book, he spent two years and a regeneration of the forest to think of life as well as many of his two-month period in Walden Lake.
当我们离自然越来越远的时候，当我们的精神已经越来越麻木的时候，《瓦尔登湖》这本书无疑能带我们回归心灵的纯净世界。

Henry David Thoreau亨利·戴维·梭罗生平简介、文学作品、思想特点精华展示

"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion.” Walden, Chapter II: Where I Lived, and What I Lived For

Henry_David_Thoreau

Other works: A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers 《康克德和梅里马科河上的一周》 A Plea for John Brown 《为约翰· 布朗请命》
Critical Responses

Poet John Greenleaf Whittier criticized what he perceived as the message in Walden that man should lower himself to the level of a woodchuck （美洲旱獭） and walk on four legs. He said: "Thoreau's Walden is a capital reading, but very wicked and heathenish... After all, for me, I prefer walking on two legs

father of environmental movement
From Mr Lin Yutang
林雨堂先生在《论生活的重要性》中写道： “就其整个人生观来说,梭罗在美国作家中最具中国情趣.作为中国人，我感觉与梭罗心心相通。我可以将梭罗的文字译成中文，把它们当作中国诗人的诗作向国人展示。没有人会产生怀疑。”
Civil Disobedience (1849)

Another famous essay: Civil Disobedience (1849) 论公民的不服从 this is from his staying in Concord jail for a night because he disapproved of slavery and the government’s conduct of the Mexican War

Why_We_Love_Henry_David_Thoreau,_in_5_Quotes_五句引言揭

The few surviving photographs of Thoreau show a dour-looking man with tousled hair and a neck beard, but Cramer says that Thoreau was far from a sourpuss. He had a tremendous sense of humor, was beloved by children for telling wild stories and even played pranks on his buddy Emerson.
亨利· 戴维· 梭罗是最受喜爱和最不为人理解的美国作家之一。在马萨诸塞州林间的瓦尔登湖畔，他搭建了一间小木屋，于此隐居两年，思考自然和哲学。他因此闻名于世。但梭罗并不是一个隐士或古怪的厌世者。用杰弗里·S. 克拉默的话简单来说，梭罗是一个“发问者”。克拉默是瓦尔登森林梭罗研究所的收藏品负责人，同时，他撰写和编辑了十几本关于梭罗和他的挚友——超验主义者拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生的书籍。
英语世界 2022·04
68 读书
“Can you imagine how differently every student would feel about who they are?” asks Cramer. “We need to be proud of who we are, whatever that looks like, and live the life that only we are destined to live.”
Born in 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts, Thoreau never married and worked as a teacher, lecturer, handyman, pencil-maker (his father’s business) and a writer. His best-known

Henry David Thoreau解析

ce《论公民抗
命》
Influence
• the father of environmental movement • "美国性格的奠基人"——赵启光（比较文学专家，
美国卡尔顿大学亚洲研究系主任、亚洲语言文学系教授） • influenced a number of public figures: • political leaders and reformers:Mahatma Gandhi,President John F.Kennedy,Martin Luther King, Leo Tolstoy • artists and authors: William Bulter Yeats, Ernest Hemingway, Frank Lloyd Wright • naturalists: John Burroughs,John Muir,E.O.Wilson,Henry Stephens Salt
an unjust state.
• 《瓦尔登湖》是19世纪美国作家梭罗的一部文学名作。作为他的主要著作之一，《瓦尔登湖》是梭罗在瓦登湖林中二年零二个月又二天的生活和思想纪录。这是一本清新、健康、引人向上的书，它向世人揭示了作者在回归自然的生活实验中所发现的人生真谛--如果一个人能满足于基本的生活所需，其实便可以更从容、更充实地享受人生。
• 一个有时间增加他灵魂的财富的人才能真正享受闲暇。
• 灵魂的必需品并不需要用金钱来购买。
• 你必须活在当下，乘着每一个波浪前行，在每一刻找到你的永恒。傻瓜站在他们的机会之岛上寻找另一片陆地。没有别的陆地，除了这一生，没有别的生命。
• 生命并没有价值，除非你选择并赋予它价值。没有哪个地方有幸福，除非你为自己带来幸福。

亨利戴维梭罗的语录

亨利戴维梭罗的语录亨利·戴维·梭罗（Henry David Thoreau）是19世纪美国的一位作家、思想家和社会改革者。

他以其对自然界的热爱、个人主义的追求和对社会问题的思考而闻名。

梭罗的语录中充满了深度和智慧，对人们的生活和价值观提出了激发思考的问题。

下面是一些精选的亨利·戴维·梭罗语录，希望对您有所启发。

1. "It's not what you look at that matters, it's what you see."（重要的不是你所看到的，而是你所看到的东西。

）这句话提醒我们，在审视世界的时候，关注的不仅仅是表面现象，还有我们内心对事物的理解和感悟。

我们每个人的视角和经历都不同，因此对于同一事物可能会有不同的解读。

在审视问题时，保持开放的心态，不断思考和挖掘更深层次的意义，才能真正从中获益。

2. "What lies before us and what lies behind us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us."（与我们内在的东西相比，我们面前和身后的一切都微不足道。

）这句话告诉我们，内心的力量和潜能远远超过了周围的环境和外部的限制。

我们每个人都有无穷的可能性，无论是过去的失败还是未来的困难都不应该成为我们前进的阻碍。

关注内在的力量和智慧，发掘自己的潜能，才能真正实现成功和成长。

3. "I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to frontonly the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived."（我去了森林，因为我希望过有意义的生活，面对生活中只有重要的事实，并看看我是否能够从中学到它能教给我的东西，而不是当我临死时，才发现自己并没有真正活过。

Henry David Thoreau美国超验主义作家梭罗简介及《瓦尔登湖》赏析英文PPT

2021/7/13
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➢I should not speak so much about myself if there were any body else whom I knew as well. (Economy:2)
4
The life Introduction
1817年7月12日，出生于马萨诸塞州的康科德。 1833到1837年间，梭罗在哈佛大学修读修辞学、经典文学、哲学、科学和数学。期间曾聆听了爱默生的著名演讲《美国学者》（The American Scholar )。
曾经步行18英里去听爱默生的演讲。
的主观能动性；蔑视外部的权威与传统，依赖自己的直接经验；崇尚自由独立的精神
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Comments
《瓦尔登湖》语语惊人，字字闪光，沁人心肺，动我衷肠。到
了夜深人静，万籁无声之时，此书毫不晦涩，清澈见底，吟诵之下
不禁为之神往了。
---徐迟
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Appreciation
“从明天起，关心粮食和蔬菜我有一所房子面朝大海，春暖花开”
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亨利·戴维·梭罗（Henry David Thoreau， 1817年7月12日－1862年5月6日），美国作家、哲学家、废奴主义者、超验主义者，也曾任职土地勘测员。
著名作品有:散文集《瓦尔登湖》（又译为《湖滨散记》）和《公民不服从》(又译为《消极抵抗》、《论公民抗命》、《公民不服从论》） Resistance to Civil Government (also known asCivil Disobedience) )。《瓦尔登湖》记载了他在瓦爾登湖的隐逸生活，而《公民不服从》则讨论面对政府和强权的不义，为公民主动拒绝遵守若干法律提出辩护。

THOREAU梭罗资料

爱默生说他是“这镇子上唯一活得自由的人，他的独立使得其他人看上去都成了奴隶”。
Ideas
Transcendentalism（超验主义） Individualism（个人主义） Materialism（唯物主义） Anarchism（无政府主义）
Transcendentalism（超验主义）
Individualism （个人主义）
“any man more right than his neighbors,
constitutes（构成）a majority of one .” Civil Disobedience
Practiced this view in his own life consistently Encouraged others to assert（维护） their
jailed experience in 1846, embodying（体现） the pioneering spirit（开拓精神）of the American frontiersman（边远者）and a development of the philosophy in the
Declaration of Independence, having a
but at once a better government.” Civil Disobedience
“That government is best which governs not at all; and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of
领导人是美国思想家、诗人拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生。
transcendentalism （超验主义）

Henry David Thoreau美国超验主义作家梭罗简介及《瓦尔登湖》赏析英文PPT课件.

梭罗与瓦尔登湖
Henry David Thoreau and Walden
《梭罗这人有脑子》---海子
梭罗这人有脑子像鱼有水、鸟有翅云彩有天空
…… 梭罗这人有脑子梭罗手头没有别的抓住了一根棒木那木棍揍了我狠狠揍了我像春天揍了我
…… 梭罗这人有脑子看见湖泊就高兴
……
梭罗这人有脑子不言不语让东窗天亮西窗天黑其实他哪有窗子梭罗这人有脑子不言不语做男人又做女人其实生下的儿子还是他自己
“最好的政府一无所治；在人们准备好之前，那将是他们愿意拥有的那种政府。”
－－－梭罗
• “难道公民必得将良心交给立法者，自己一分也不留？若此，则人有良心何为？我认为我们首先必须是人，然后再谈是不是被统治者。．．．则此法律不值得尊重——去违反这样的法律吧。．．．。如果一千个人今年拒绝缴税，跟同意缴税相比，前者不算是暴力与血腥的手段，因为缴税将可能使国家使用暴力、且使无辜者流血。事实上，这就是和平革命”（ peaceable revolution）。
• 他从来不懒惰或是任性，他需要钱的时候，情愿做些与他性情相近的体力劳动来赚钱——如造一只小船或是一道篱笆，种植、接枝、测量，或是别的短期工作——而不愿长期地受雇。
• 梭罗认为，人们一周当中只应工作一天，其余的六天用来思考。
• 他父亲制造铅笔，亨利有一个时期也研究这行手艺，他相信他能够造出一种铅笔，比当时通用的更好。他完成他的实验之后，将他的作品展览给波士顿的化学家与艺术家看，取得他们的证书，保证它的优秀品质，此后他就满足地回家去了。他的朋友们向他道贺，因为他辟出了一条致富之道。但是他回答
著名作品有:散文集《瓦尔登湖》（又译为《湖滨散记》）和《公民不服从》(又译为《消极抵抗》、《论公民抗命》、《公民不服从论》） Resistance to Civil Government (also known asCivil Disobedience) )。《瓦尔登湖》记载了他在瓦爾登湖的隐逸生活，而《公民不服从》则讨论面对政府和强权的不义，为公民主动拒绝遵守若干法律提出辩护。

Henry David Thoreau

他认为自然对人类的精神起着恢复的作用和监控的影响，并认为自然是精神的象征。他尝试寻找灵魂的秘密。他这样写道：“不要低估事实的价值，总有一天，它会变成真理。”
• 这本书反映出人与自然的神性。他不仅是爱默生的忠实信徒，他是一个泛神主义— —把自然界的万物都具有神性。他坚定地认为自然界中的万物都是具有象征意义的，它能表达出我们的思想和感情。沃尔登的文体特征，在美国文学史上是非常著名的。
• Thoreau's writings influenced many public figures. • Political leaders and reformers like Mahatma Gandhi, President John F. Kennedy, civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr. • Russian author Leo Tolstoy William Butler Yeats, Ernest Hemingway,
• He saw nature as a genuine restorative ,healthy influence on man’s spirit .He tried to seek a way to unlock the secret of spirit.”Let us not underrate the value of a fact ;it will one day flower into a truth, ” he thus wrote.
Life Experience from Thoreau
• Enjoy the pleasure of talking • A man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he affords to let alone • A stitch in time saves nine • Simplify, simplify. Instead of three meals a day, if it be necessary eat but one…

Henry·David·Thoreau

• 8. THE VILLAGE （村庄）
• 9. THE PONDS （湖泊）
CONTENTS
• 10. BAKER FARM （贝克农场） • 11. HIGHER LAWS （更崇高的法则） • 12. BRUTE NEIGHBORS （与野兽为邻） • 13. HOURSE-WARMING （室内取暖） • 14. FORMER INHABITANTS ;AND WINTER VISITORS （往昔居民；冬日来客） • 15. WINTER ANIMALS （冬季动物） • 16. THE POND IN WINTER（冬季湖泊） • 17. SPRING （春天）
• but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. Some have asked what I got to eat; if I did not feel lonesome; if I was not afraid; and the like. Others have been curious to learn what portion of my income I devoted to charitable purposes; and some, who have large families, how many poor children I maintained. I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me to pardon me if I undertake to answer some of these questions in this book.

人物介绍：亨利·大卫·索罗 Henry David Thoreau

Thoreau was born on July 12th, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts, United States. He graduated from Harvard University in 1837 and then joined in the faculty of the Concord public school, but resigned after a few weeks rather than administer corporal punishment. He and his brother John then opened a grammar school in Concord in 1838 called Concord Academy and ended in 1842 beacuse of John's illness. In 1841, he changed his work and turned into writing. With supports of Emerson, he began to be involved in transcendentalism practice and tried to write for transcendental periodical institutions. He was an exreme Puritain without any confirmed carrer, accomodation, marriage and he had never been related to governmental activities such as election, taxation, etc. He was fed up with material social concerns and artificially conventional sociaty rather than addicted into the contemplation in the nature by his own way. On April 18th, 1841, Thoreau moved into the Emerson house. There, from 1841~1844, he served as the children's tutor, editorial assistant, and repair gardener. For a few months in 1843, he moved to the home of William Emerson on Staten Island, and tutored the family sons while seeking contacts among literary men and journalists in the city who might help publish his writings. Thoreau returned to Concord and worked in his family's pencil factory, which he continued to do for most of his adult life. He rediscovered the process to make a good pencil. Thoreau was a philosopher of nature and its relation to the human condition. In his early years he followed Transcendentalism, a loose and eclectic idealist philosophy advocated by Emerson, Fuller (玛格丽特· 富勒：美国作家、评论家、社会改革家、早期女权运动领袖，新英格兰先验论派的著名成员), and Alcott (布朗森· 奥尔科特：美国哲学家，教育家，超验主义运动领导者). They held that an ideal spiritual state transcends, or goes beyond, the physical and empirical, and that one achieves that insight via personal intuition rather than religious doctrine. In their view, Nature is the outward sign of inward spirit, expressing the radical correspondence of visible things and human thoughts. Thoreau died in 1862 of lung disease at the age of 44.

Henry David Thoreau

1 Henry David Thoreau亨利·戴维·梭罗（Henry David Thoreau ，1817-1862），美国作家、哲学家，著名散文集《瓦尔登湖》和论文《论公民的不服从权利》（又译为《消极抵抗》、《论公民的不服从》）的作者。

1817年7月12日，梭罗出生于马萨诸塞州的康科德城（Concord, Mass achusetts ），1837年毕业于哈佛大学，是个品学兼优的学生。

毕业后他回到家乡以教书为业。

1841年起他不再教书而转为写作。

在拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生（Ralph Waldo Emerson ）的支持下，梭罗在康科德住下并开始了他的超验主义实践。

这时期，梭罗放弃诗歌创作而开始撰写随笔，起先给超验主义刊物《日规》（Dial ）写稿，其后各地的报纸杂志上都有他的文章问世。

梭罗除了被一些人尊称为第一个环境保护主义者外，还是一位关注人类生存状况的有影响的哲学家，他的著名论文《论公民的不服从权利》影响了托尔斯泰和圣雄甘地。

1845年7月4日梭罗开始了一项为期两年的试验，他移居到离家乡康科德城（Concord ）不远，优美的瓦尔登湖畔的次生林里，尝试过一种简单的隐居生活。

他于1847年9月6日离开瓦尔登湖，重新和住在康科德城的他的朋友兼导师拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生一家生活在一起。

出版于1854年的散文集《瓦尔登湖》（Walden ）详细记载了他在瓦尔登湖畔两年又两个月的生涯。

虽毕业于世界闻名的哈佛大学，但他没有选择经商发财或者从政成为明星，而是平静地选择了瓦尔登湖，选择了心灵的自由和闲适。

他搭起木屋，开荒种地，写作看书，过着非常简朴、原始的生活。

在不同时期，梭罗靠教书与务工过活。

他曾经在他家办的铅笔厂工作过，还发明了一种可以简化生产、降低费用的机器。

梭罗是拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生的学生和朋友，受爱默生的影响，梭罗也是一位先验主义者。

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Henry David Thoreau美国超验主义作家梭罗简介及《瓦尔登湖》赏析英文PPT课件.

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