TranslationSkills(7)-精
英汉互译简明教程TranslationTechniques-2023年学习资料
Choice of Word Meaning-In the practice of translation what perplexes us most-frequently is how to find an e uivalent in the language to-be translated into.Great are is called for in the-translation of "familiar"Eng ish into Chinese,as their-meaning vary with the chang in collocation or context.-By diction,generally spea ing,the following are some-commonly-used ways availab e to find an equivalent in-the TL.
Word Meanings-Conceptual Meaning:is the basic meaning and-the main information carried by linguistic signs. e.g.No smoking禁止吸烟-Stylistic Meaning:is communicated f the social-circumstance of language use.
Linguistic Meaning:is built on the relationships of-t e signs with each other in the same system.-e.g.-千山鸟飞 ，From hill to hill no bird in fight.-万径人踪灭。From path o path no man in sight..-■-Pragmatic Meaning:is the s udy of the "relation of-signs to interpreters".-大家见面， 呼声“吃了吗？”透着和气。-They greet with each other with a "Hi"j st to show their-good neighbourly feelings.-年夜饭-famil reunion meal on the eve of the Spring Festival
Translation skills
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2.运用插入语
• 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数
百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩 的艺术和工艺。
• The Chinese knot,originally
invented by craftsman, has become an elegant and colorful art and craft after hundred years of improvement.
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Transl化
修饰后置
1
运用插入语
2
非限定性从句
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1.装饰后置
做秘书是一份非常复杂的需要组织 协调和沟通能力的工作
Being a secretary is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate.
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3.非限定性从句
例句
中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史， 在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行
Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years, which was particularly widespread during the Ming and Qing Dynastie.
翻译lesson 7
喻旭东, 模糊语言在商务信函中的运用》 喻旭东,2008,《模糊语言在商务信函中的运用》:
All formal letters that pass between participants in business transactions. It could be handwritten letters by post or in the form of E-mail. The participants are to be referred to as writer and reader, or addresser and addressee.
2.2 把介词短语译成主语
She was upset by the whole matter. 整个事情弄的她心烦意乱. A new way of displaying time has been given by electrics. 电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法. One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the 19th century by the people of France. 世界上最著名的纪念碑之一-自由女神象是法国人民19 世纪送给美国的.
1.1 两个简单句的合译
③ 译成条件关系复合句 Knock on the door, and it will be opened. 只要敲门,就会有人来开的. Put an egg into a glass of fresh water. The egg will sink to the bottom of the glass. 如果把一只鸡蛋放入一杯淡水中,鸡蛋就会沉到杯底.
translation skills
(一) 同义反译法1、Only three customers remained in the bar.酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。
(不译：还―留着‖或―还呆在那里‖)2、I'll be here for good this time.这一次我再也不走了。
(不译：―永远在此呆下去‖)3、Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.我不在家的时候，请别让炉子灭了。
(不译：―我外出时，请让炉子继续烧着‖)4、"Wait, he is serious."等等，他不是说着玩儿的。
(不译：等等，他是认真的。
)5、"Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"听我说，克拉拉，对这孩子可不能心软。
(不译：……对这孩子要坚定)(二) 删减解释词The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎，准定会注意到她们十之八九都赋有那种独特的优雅风度、的那种柔和的声调和文静的举止。
(三) 短句拆译" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..."在六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗，……(四)译词推陈出新When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower.原译：当他可以大胆行动的时候，他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外，心里还充满怀疑、的顾虑和踌躇。
TranslationSkills翻译技巧
Exercises
1. Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.
2. They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.
上得到的实践还多。 2）The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears,
of poor human beings destfoyed by the capitalist industrial machine. 尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是资本 主义工业机器摧残不幸的人们的故事
Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法
4. 重复英语中作先行词的名词 英语定语从句常用关系词引导， 它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词（名词或代词），一 方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系词，往往需要重复 这个作先行词的名词。
1）They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow.
他不再梦见风涛，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼、搏斗 和角力。
Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法
（三）重复代词 1. 英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往可按汉语习惯重
复其所代替的名词。 1）Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with
Translation_skills_
Translation skills在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对译。
原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。
词类转译的情况归纳起来有以下四种。
一、转译成动词英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点，往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。
例如，在He admires the President's stated decision to fight for the job. （他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩）中，英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词，其他用的是过去分词（stated）、动词派生名词（decision）、不定式（to fight）和介词（for）等。
汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。
因此，英语中不少词类（尤其是名词、介词、形容词和副词）在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。
（一）名词转译成动词1. 由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。
如：1） The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli's right to exist. （1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。
）2） Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. （火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
）2.含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写文体中出现较多）往往可以转译成动词。
TranslationTechniques解读
Jordan can not politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference.
约旦假设拒绝承受阿拉伯外交会议的邀请，在礼貌上 说不过去。
一个举目无亲的孩子，而且他父亲当时是认为 我会待他好才把孩子托给我的，我总不能打他 吧。
I couldn”t beat a boy who hadn”t got a relation in the world and whose father had left him to me because he though I”d be kind to him.
During his visit to China, the Korean foreign minister conferred with his Chinese counterpart a number of times.
在中国访问期间，韩国外交部长与中国外交部进步行了 数次会商。
Potatoes are an important source of starchy food in temperate countries and bananas in tropics.
为什么总是把这些麻烦事都推给我呢？
Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?
6. 英汉句子叙事、推理的挨次大局部状况下是 相反的。英语句子在叙事时往往先说最近发生 的事，再说从前发生的事；汉语则相反。英语 句子先总提，然后才表达所发生的事情，汉语 则先说事，后总结。
His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.
英语翻译技巧translation skill
（6）The
plan as it is leaves much to be desired.
该计划许多地方亟待改进
10.综合法：
是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时，着
眼篇章，以逻辑分析为基础，同时使用 转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆 句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。
(1)
How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?
而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、
关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接 处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群 结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样 就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺 应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句 法修辞原则。
（1）
Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
（4）
Please withhold the document for the time being.
请暂时扣下这份文件。（正译）
请暂时不要发这份文件。（反译）
(5)As
was expected, the enemy walked right into the trap. 不出所料，敌人正中圈套。 (反译法）
Unit5 Lesson7 Translation Skills
⒈ 英译汉的增词情况
⑼英语中，用倒装语序表示的虚拟条件状语从句，译成汉语时， 往往可增加“如果……便……”、“假如……就……”、“万一…… 就……”、“只要……的话，就……”等连词。 例：Had there been no electronic computers, there would have been no artificial satellite or rockets. 如果没有电子计算机，就不会有人造卫星或火箭。
2009温总理答记者问
众所周知，经过多年的改革和建设，我们积累 了巨额的外汇，这显示了中国的经济实力。我 们对外汇经营第一位的原则是防范风险，我们 始终坚持外汇“安全、流动和保值”的原则， 并且实行多元化的战略。
参考译文
As you may know, thanks to China's reform and development over the years, we have accumulated a huge mount of foreign exchange reserves, and this has shown the economic strength of China. In managing our foreign exchange reserves, the number one principle that we follow is to fend off risks. We always adhere to the principle of safety, liquidity and good value of our foreign exchange reserve management. We have also adopted a diversified strategy in this regard.
英汉互译简明教程TranslationTechniques_2022年学习资料
4.1 Diction-Teaching Contents:-■-Word Meaning-Concept al Meaning-Stylistic Meaning-Linguistic Meaning-Pragm tic Meaning-Choice of Word Meanings-Choice of Word Me nings According to Their Parts of Speech-Choice of Wo d Meanings According to Different Collocation.-Choice of Meaning Shifts Between the Abstract and the Concre e.-Choice of Affective Meanings.-Choice of Contextual Meanings-Special Techniques Employed in Translating a word.-Deduction推演法-Transplant移植法-Extension引申法-Substit tion替换法-Explanation释义法-Combination合并法-Pictographic图形法 Transliteration音译法-Zero-Translation零翻译法-Transliterati n+Explanation音义结合法
Word Meanings-Conceptual Meaning:is the basic meaning and-the main information carried by linguistic signs. e.g.No smoking禁止吸烟-Stylistic Meaning:is communicated f the social-circumstance of language use.