翻译语法讲解

(二)： wish , if only, would rather, as if ,as though句型

含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现由if引导的条件句，而条件句 的意思是用其他方式表达的。如：without, but for, otherwise，or, but that, given, provided, supposing, were it not for等等。 Eg. Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time. But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last night. We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.
虚拟语气
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If we had set out earlier, we _______________________________________ wouldn’t have walked in the rain (就不会在雨中行走). Had it not been for my illness (But for my illness) _______________________________________ (要不是因为我生病了), I would have lent him a helping hand. But for his wife‟s help, he would not have succeeded _______________________________________ (是不会成功的).
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• 3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查。 • 例1：Though a skilled worker, ____________________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis . • 【考点剖析】本题的重要考点就是考生 对“解雇”这个核心动词的翻译。可以表示 解雇的有dismiss, discharge, fire等。
Translation
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题型分析
• 首先，一定要明确新四级中翻译考什么？核心考点 是什么？通过对样题以及实考试题的分析，翻译题 型有三大考点： • 1. 固定搭配考点：这是翻译中的最为核心的考点， 也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点，应该引起考生 的高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名 词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配， 更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这些 都可能成为本次考试的命题重点。 • 例1：By contrast, American mothers were more likely ______________________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. • 【考点剖析】这个题目就非常典型。有两个固 定搭配考点：1)be likely to do sth ; 2) owe…to /attribute…to (把…归因于)
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汉译英主要考查学生以下能力“： 形容词比较级/最高级,倍数 虚拟语气 非谓语 名词性从句 句型 倒装句 短语搭配
形容词比较级/最高级,倍数
1. Since my childhood I have found that nothing is more attractive _____________________________________ /appealing to me than reading ____________________________________(没 有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 2. The more you explain, the more confused I get/ become/ am (我愈糊涂) ______________________________ 3. Because of the rising cost, we spent twice as much money _______________________________________ (两倍的钱) on the project as had been planned.
考点
1. 比较级 + than 2. the + 比较级+主谓结构， the + 比较级+主谓结构 3.倍数的表示方法： 1). 倍数 ＋ as adj./adv.(+n.) as 2). 倍数 ＋ adj./adv.比较级(+n.) than 3). 倍数 ＋the width, length, size of Eg. The earth is 49 times as large as the moon. The earth is 49 times larger than the moon. The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
形容词比较级/最高级,倍数
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It is reported that traffic __________________________________(造成 kills 4 times as many people as wars 的死亡是战争的4倍) and far more people commit suicide than are murdered. . The research concludes that the more time children spend watching television, _______________________________________ the poorer they perform academically / _______________________________________ The worse their academic performances are (他们的学习成绩就越差).
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从新四级考试开始，由考查英译汉转变为考查汉 译英。汉译英试题占总分的5%，属于考生应该 争取拿分的基础题。因为这一题型说为翻译，实 为补全句子，考查的是语法结构和词组运用知 识。较其他可能出现的主观题而言，汉译英题目 相对简单，无非是五个难度中等的词组或从句的 英语表达。 汉译英命题涉及四级水平学生应当掌握的句型、 语法、词组知识点。对考生而言，选择正确的 词形和句型将会是更大的挑战。
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虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或 had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句 句首，实行倒装。 Eg. Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =if it should rain, the crops would be saved.
与现在的事实相反： If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. 2. 与过去的事实相反 If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. 3. 与将来的事实相反： If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.
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2. 核心语法考点：这部分语法考点大多数是 以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移，核心语 法考点最重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、 从句知识、倒装结构、非谓语动词等。 • 例1：The professor required that ___________(我们交研究报告) by Wednesday . • 【考点剖析】本题是典型的语法题目。重 点考查考生对虚拟语气的掌握。Require后面 接从句的时候，一定会虚拟语气，语法结构为 require that +sb+should+动词原形。
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• 例2：Not only _____________________ (他向我收费过高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either (大纲样题) • 【考点剖析】本题同样为典型的语法考 点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现 象的掌握情况。句首的Not only决定了倒装 连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在 he之前加did。所以答案应该为did he overcharge me。

虚拟语气
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The victim ___________________________________ (本 would have had a chance to survive 来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. The professor required that _____________________________________ we hand in our research reports (我们交研究报告) A more careful secretary wouldn’t have made such an obvious mistake _______________________________________ (就不会犯这样明显的错误). could not have caught the train/ They__________________________________ _______________________________________ must have missed the train (一定是赶不上火车), otherwise they should have arrived here two hours agjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类 英语考试中心测试的重点之一。 虚拟语气在英语里 主要用来表达： a. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与 事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景， 即强制性虚拟语气， 表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈 的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表 达的， 其特点是主从句时态的不一致， 而且一般 有明显得标志。具体考点如下：