书面表达与任务型阅读

书面表达与任务型阅读
1．该题型设计的目的：在测试考生的阅读理解能力基础之上，侧重考生的上下文理解、句子理解和单词拼写能力。

2．该题型测试的形式：要求考生在阅读文章之后，就文章的内容填空。

所填之词可能是一个单词、词组或句子。

答题策略
1．了解文章大意
了解文章大意是做题的第一步，也是关键的一步。

只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填出相应的信息。

要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题。

读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意，了解表格结构。

2．熟悉短文结构
了解短文的写作思路和结构，有助于加深对文章内容的了解，同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。

表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。

3．分析表格线索
通过分析表格的项目内容，根据所提供的现成的表格内容提示可以确定表格的设计线索，理清表格的设计原理。

4．确定题目答案
在了解表格设计项目的基础上，再回到短文中，寻找确定答案的关键词语，从而确定正确答案。

另外，在概括信息时，我们可遵循以下几个原则：
(1)概括性原则，即在最大限度上覆盖行(栏)内信息，囊括其主要内容。

(2)针对性原则，所用的概括词不能太大，也不能太具体，要量体裁衣，大小适度。

(3)醒目性原则，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑其醒目性，即注意措辞。

5．检查书写形式
答题完毕后，还需对所填答案进行整体检查。

防止出现因书写潦草或粗心所造成的字迹不清、大小写错误等。

检查时还要注意：
(1)名词的性、数、格；
(2)动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词；
(3)动词的第三人称单数；
(4)形容词的比较级和最高级。

(2011·江苏)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在相应题号的横线上。

每个空格只填一个单词。

When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?
Why Difficult?
When we wrong someone we know，even not intentionally，we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.But when we’re acting as leaders，the circumstances are different.The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution.It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart，or it can be stupid.So，readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little，too late，or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin.What，then，is to be done？How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?
Why Now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent.During the last decade or so，the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before.More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.More articles，cartoons，advice columns，and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.
Why Bother?
Why do we apologize？Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult，embarrassing，and even risky？Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target.They are expected to appear strong and capable.And whenever they make public statements of any kind，their individual and institutional reputations are in danger.Clearly，then，leaders should not apologize often or lightly.For a leader to express apology，there needs to be a good，strong reason.Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why Refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize，even when a public apology seems to be in order？Their reasons can be individual or institutional.Because leaders are public figures，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky.Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations，as we shall see，but it is a high-risk strategy.
答案71.performance/act/activity72.easy73.properly/appropriately/successfully/rightly 74.urgent 75．culture76.growing/increasing/rising77.expected/supposed/required78.public
79.likely80.harm/damage。