OG12-06

Passage 105 (5/17)——经济管理类 wrong 1During the 1960’s and 1970’s, the primary economic development strategy of local governments in the United States was to attract manufacturing industries. Unfortunately 负评价, this strategy was usually implemented at anothe r community’s expense: many manufacturing facilities were lured away from their moorings elsewhere through tax incentives and slick promotional efforts. Through the transfer of jobs and related revenues that resulted from this practice, one town’s triumph could become another town’s tragedy. 策略1，负评价In the 1980’s the strategy shifted from this zero-sum game to one called “high-technology development,” in which local governments competed to attract newly formed high-technology manufacturing firms. Although this approach was preferable to victimizingmanufacturing firms employ only a specially trained fraction of the manufacturing workforce, and there simply are not enough high-tech firms to satisfy all geographic areas. 策略二，负评价Recently, local governments have increasingly come to recognize the advantages正评价of yet a third strategy:the promotion of homegrown small businesses. Small indigenous businesses are created by a nearly ubiquitous resource, local entrepreneurs. With roots in their communities, these individuals are less likely to be enticed away by incentives offered by another community. Indigenous industry and talent are kept at home, creating an environment that both provides jobs and fosters further entrepreneurship.策略三正评价逻辑简图：一段：During the 1960’s and 1970’s,，manufacturing industries, unfortunately二段：In the 1980’s，high-technology, preferable to first, shortcomings三段：recently，advantage of third, homegrown small business亮点：问题解决型 KW strategy144. T he primary purpose of the passage is to 目的性主题题(A) advocate more effective strategies for encouraging the development of high-technology enterprises in the United States(B) contrast the incentives for economic development offered by local governments withthose offered by the private sector(C) acknowledge and counter adverse criticism of programs being used to stimulatelocal economic development(D) define and explore promotional efforts used by local governments to attract newindustry(E) review and evaluate strategies and programs that have been used to stimulateeconomic developmentThe best answer is E. Each paragraph of the passage describes a strategy or program used by local governments in an attempt to stimulate economic development in their locales. In each case, an evaluation is made of the strategy or program that is discussed. Choices Aand D are incorrect because only parts of the passage are concerned with specific strategies focusing on high-technology enterprises or attracting new industry. Since no incentive offered by the private sector are discussed, B can be eliminated. Choice C is incorrect because no attempt is made in the passage to counter the criticism that are raised against the strategies discussed in the first two paragraphs.145. T he passage suggests which of the following about the majority of United States直接事实题(A) They lost many of their most innovative personnel to small entrepreneurialenterprises.(B) They experienced a major decline in profits during the 1960’s and 1970’s.(C) They could provide real economic benefits to the areas in which they were located.(D) They employed workers who had no specialized skills.(E) They actively interfered with local entrepreneurial ventures.Through the transfer of jobs and related revenues that resulted from this practice,The best answer is C. The final sentence of the first paragraph suggests that, during the 1960’s and1970’s, a town that attracted a manufacturer thereby achieved a “triumph” (line 9), whereas a town losing one of these industries suffered a “tragedy” (line 10). It is thus suggested that the majority of these industries prior to the 1980’s could provide real economic benefits to the areas in which they were located. Choice D can be eliminated, because although the last sentence of the second paragraph suggests that manufacturing industries prior to the 1980’s did not limit their employment to a specially trained fraction of manufacturing workers, it does not suggest that the majority of these industries employed workers who had no specialized skills. Nothing in the passage suggests any of the statements made in A, B, and E.146. T he tone of the passage suggests that the author is most optimistic about the economic development potential of which of the following groups?直接事实题(A) Local governments(B) High-technology promoters(C)Local entrepreneurs(D) Manufacturing-industry managers(E) Economic development strategistsSmall indigenous businesses are created by a nearly ubiquitous resource, local entrepreneurs.The best choice is C. The first two paragraphs describe shortcomings of the strategies of attracting manufacturing industries and high-technology industries, and the third paragraph describes the advantages, and mentions no disadvantages, of promoting small businesses run by local entrepreneurs. Thus, the author appears to be most optimistic about the economic development potential of local entrepreneurs. The passage’s tone does not indicate that the author is more optimistic about groups mentioned in A, B, D, and E than about local entrepreneurs.注意定位作者的态度147. T he passage does NOT state which of the following about local entrepreneurs?信息题(A) They are found nearly everywhere.(B) They encourage further entrepreneurship.(C) They attract out-of-town investors.(D) They employ local workers.(E) They are established in their communities.The best answer is C. The third paragraph discusses local entrepreneurs, and nowhere is it said that they attract out-of-town investors. However, it is said that they are “ne arly ubiquitous” (line24), that their local businesses both foster “further entrepreneurship” (lines 29-30) and create an environment that “provides jobs” (lines 28-29), and that they have “roots in their communities” (lines 25-26), thus ruling out A, B, D, and E, respectively.148. T he author of the passage mentions which of the following as an advantage of high-technology development?直接事实题(A) It encourages the modernization of existing manufacturing facilities.(B) It promotes healthy competition between rival industries.(C) It encourages the growth of related industries.(D) It takes full advantage of the existing workforce. 反(E) It does not advantage one local workforce at the expense of another.In the 1980’s the strategy shifted from this zero-sum game to one called “high-technology development,”The best choice is E. The first paragraph mentions that a shortcoming of the strategy of attracting manufacturing industries was that jobs moved from one town to another. The second paragraph states that the strategy of high-technology development was “preferable to victimizing other geographical areas by taking their jobs” (lines 15-16). Nothing in the passage suggests that high-technology development has any of the advantages mentioned in choices A, B, and C. Lines 16-20 imply that high-technology development does not have the advantage mentioned in choice D.。