air-WOS-chi-Final(2008version)

合集下载

EFR32xG24 2.4 GHz 10 dBm 无线极度芯片开发板参考手册说明书

EFR32xG24 2.4 GHz 10 dBm Radio Board BRD4186C Reference ManualThe BRD4186C Radio Board is an excellent starting point to get familiar with theEFR32™ Wireless Gecko Wireless System-on-Chip. The board enables developers to develop smart home, lighting, building automation, and AI/ML applications. It is opti-mized for operating in the 2.4 GHz band at 10 dBm output power. Radiated and conduc-ted testing is supported with the on-board printed antenna and UFL connector.The BRD4186C Radio Board is a plug-in board for the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard (BRD4001A) and the Wireless Gecko Pro Kit Mainboard (BRD4002A) that gives access to debug interface, Virtual COM port, packet trace, display, buttons, LEDs, and addition-al features from expansion boards. With the supporting Simplicity Studio suite of tools, developers can take advantage of graphical wireless application development and visu-al energy profiling and optimization. The board also serves as a reference design for the EFR32xG24 Wireless SoC with matching network and a PCB antenna optimized for op-erating at 10 dBm output power in the 2.4 GHz band.RADIO BOARD FEATURES •Wireless SoC:EFR32MG24B210F1536IM48•CPU core: ARM® Cortex®-M33•Flash memory: 1536 kB•RAM: 256 kB•Operation frequency: 2.4 GHz•Transmit power: 10 dBm•Integrated PCB antenna, UFL connector(optional)•Crystals for LFXO and HFXO: 32.768 kHzand 39 MHz•8 Mbit low-power serial flash for over-the-air updatesThis document contains a brief introduction and description of the BRD4186C RadioBoard features, focusing on the RF sections and performance.Table of Contents1. Introduction (4)2. Radio Board Connector (5)2.1 Introduction (5)2.2 Radio Board Connector Pin Associations (5)3. Radio Board Block Summary (6)3.1 Introduction (6)3.2 Radio Board Block Diagram (6)3.3 Radio Board Block Description (6)3.3.1 Wireless MCU (6)3.3.2 LF Crystal Oscillator (LFXO) (6)3.3.3 HF Crystal Oscillator (HFXO) (6)3.3.4 Matching Network for 2.4 GHz (7)3.3.5 UFL Connector (7)3.3.6 Radio Board Connectors (7)3.3.7 Inverted-F Antenna (7)3.3.8 Serial Flash (7)3.3.9 Serial EEPROM (7)4. RF Section (8)4.1 Introduction (8)4.2 RF Section Schematic (8)4.2.1 2.4 GHz RF Matching Description (8)4.3 Bill of Materials for the 2.4 GHz Matching Network (8)4.4 Inverted-F Antenna (9)5. Mechanical Details (10)6. EMC Compliance (11)6.1 Introduction (11)6.2 EMC Regulations for 2.4 GHz (11)6.2.1 ETSI EN 300-328 Emission Limits for the 2400-2483.5 MHz Band (11)6.2.2 FCC15.247 Emission Limits for the 2400-2483.5 MHz Band (11)6.2.3 Applied Emission Limits for the 2.4 GHz Band (11)7. RF Performance (12)7.1 Conducted Power Measurements (12)7.1.1 Conducted Power Measurements with Unmodulated Carrier (12)7.1.2 Conducted Power Measurements with Modulated Carrier (13)7.2 Radiated Power Measurements (13)7.2.1 Maximum Radiated Power Measurements (14)7.2.2 Antenna Pattern Measurements (14)8. EMC Compliance Recommendations (15)8.1 Recommendations for 2.4 GHz ETSI EN 300-328 Compliance (15)8.2 Recommendations for 2.4 GHz FCC 15.247 Compliance (15)9. Board Revision History (16)10. Errata (17)11. Document Revision History (18)Introduction 1. IntroductionThe BRD4186C Radio Boards provide a development platform (together with the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard or the Wireless Pro Kit Mainboard) for the Silicon Labs EFR32MG24 Wireless System-on-Chips and serve as reference designs for the matching network of the RF interface.The BRD4186C Radio Board is designed to operate in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band with the RF matching network optimized for operat-ing at 10 dBm output power.To develop and/or evaluate the EFR32 Wireless Gecko, the BRD4186C Radio Board can be connected to the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard or the Wireless Pro Kit Mainboard to get access to debug interface, Virtual COM port, packet trace, display, buttons, LEDs, and additional features from expansion boards, and also to evaluate the performance of the RF interface.2. Radio Board Connector2.1 IntroductionThe board-to-board connector scheme allows access to all EFR32MG24 GPIO pins as well as the RESETn signal. For more informa-tion on the functions of the available pins, see the EFR32MG24 data sheet.2.2 Radio Board Connector Pin AssociationsThe figure below shows the mapping between the connector and the EFR32MG24 pins and their function on the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard.GND F9 / PA00 / VCOM_RTS 3v3JOYSTICK* / PD02* / P36P200Upper RowNC / P38NC / P40DBG_TDO_SWO / TRACED0 / PA03 / P42TRACED2 / PA06 / P44DBG_TMS_SWDIO / PA02 / F0DISP_ENABLE / PC09 / F14UIF_BUTTON0 / PB01 / F12UIF_LED0 / PB02 / F10VCOM_CTS / PB05 / F8DBG_RESET / RESETn / F4DBG_TDO_SWO / TRACED0 / PA03 / F2DISP_SI / PC01 / F16VCOM_TX / PA08 / F6PTI_DATA / PD04 / F20DISP_EXTCOMIN / PC06 / F18USB_VBUS5VBoard ID SCLGNDBoard ID SDAUSB_VREG F7 / PA09 / VCOM_RX F5 / PB00 / VCOM_ENABLE F3 / PA04 / DBG_TDI / TRACECLK F1 / PA01 / DBG_TCK_SWCLK P45 / PA07 / TRACED3P43 / PA05 / TRACED1P41 / PA04 / DBG_TDI / TRACECLK P39 / NCP37 / NC F11 / PB04 / UIF_LED1F13 / PB03 / UIF_BUTTON1F15 / PC03 / DISP_SCLK F17 / PC08 / DISP_SCS F19 / PD05 / PTI_SYNC F21 / NC GNDVMCU_INVCOM_CTS / PB05 / P0P201Lower RowVCOM_RTS / PA00 / P2TRACED1 / PA05 / P4JOYSTICK* / PD02* / P6GNDVRF_INP35 / PC04P7 / PC00P5 / PC03 / DISP_SCLK P3 / PC02P1 / PC01 / DISP_SI P33 / PC06 / DISP_EXTCOMIN P31 / PC08 / DISP_SCSP29 / PC09 / DISP_ENABLE P27 / NCP25 / PD04 / PTI_DATA P23 / NCP21 / PB03 / UIF_BUTTON1P19 / PB02 / UIF_LED0P17 / PB01 / UIF_BUTTON0P15 / PB00 / VCOM_ENABLE P13 / PC07P11 / PA09 / VCOM_RX P9 / PA08 / VCOM_TX NC / P34NC / P32NC / P30NC / P28UIF_LED1 / PB04 / P26PTI_SYNC / PD05 / P24NC / P22DBG_TCK_SWCLK / PA01 / P20DBG_TMS_SWDIO / PA02 / P18DBG_TDO_SWO / TRACED0 / PA03 / P16DBG_TDI / TRACECLK / PA04 / P14PC05 / P12TRACED3 / PA07 / P10TRACED2 / PA06 / P8 *Mutually exclusive connections. Default: PD02 to P6.Figure 2.1. BRD4186C Radio Board Connector Pin MappingRadio Board Connector3. Radio Board Block Summary3.1 IntroductionThis section introduces the blocks of the BRD4186C Radio Board.3.2 Radio Board Block DiagramThe block diagram of the BRD4186C Radio Board is shown in the figure below.Figure 3.1. BRD4186C Block Diagram3.3 Radio Board Block Description3.3.1 Wireless MCUThe BRD4186C Radio Board incorporates an EFR32MG24B210F1536IM48 Wireless System-on-Chip featuring 32-bit Cortex®-M33 core, 1536 kB of flash memory, 256 kB of RAM, and a 2.4 GHz band transceiver with output power up to 10 dBm. For additional infor-mation on the EFR32MG24B210F1536IM48, refer to the EFR32MG24 data sheet.3.3.2 LF Crystal Oscillator (LFXO)The BRD4186C Radio Board has a 32.768 kHz crystal mounted. For details regarding the crystal configuration, refer to application note AN0016.2: Oscillator Design Considerations.3.3.3 HF Crystal Oscillator (HFXO)The BRD4186C Radio Board has a 39 MHz crystal mounted. For details regarding the crystal configuration, refer to application note AN0016.2: Oscillator Design Considerations.3.3.4 Matching Network for 2.4 GHzThe BRD4186C Radio Board incorporates a 2.4 GHz matching network which connects the 2.4 GHz RF input/output of the EFR32MG24 to the one on-board printed Inverted-F antenna. The component values were optimized for the 2.4 GHz band RF perform-ance and current consumption with 10 dBm output power.For a detailed description of the matching network, see section 4.2.1 2.4 GHz RF Matching Description.3.3.5 UFL ConnectorTo be able to perform conducted measurements, Silicon Labs added a UFL connector to the Radio Board. The connector allows an external 50 Ohm cable or antenna to be connected during design verification or testing.Note: By default, the output of the matching network is connected to the printed inverted-F antenna by a series 0 Ohm resistor. To support conducted measurements, or the connection of an external antenna, the option to connect the output to the UFL connector is available. If using this option, move the series 0 Ohm resistor to the antenna to the series resistor to the UFL connector (see section 4.2.1 2.4 GHz RF Matching Description for further details). On the layout, the footprints of these two resistors have overlapping pads to prevent simultaneous connection of the antenna and the UFL connector.3.3.6 Radio Board ConnectorsTwo dual-row, 0.05” pitch polarized connectors make up the BRD4186C Radio Board interface to the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard. For more information on the pin mapping between the EFR32MG24B210F1536IM48 and the connectors, refer to section 2.2 Radio Board Connector Pin Associations.3.3.7 Inverted-F AntennaThe BRD4186C Radio Board includes a printed inverted-F antenna (IFA) tuned to have close to 50 Ohm impedance at the 2.4 GHz band.For a detailed description of the antenna, see section 4.4 Inverted-F Antenna.3.3.8 Serial FlashThe BRD4186C Radio Board is equipped with an 8 Mbit Macronix MX25R SPI flash that is connected directly to the EFR32MG24 to support over-the-air (OTA) updates. For additional information on the pin mapping, see the BRD4186C schematic.3.3.9 Serial EEPROMThe BRD4186C Radio Board is equipped with a serial I2C EEPROM for board identification and to store additional board-related infor-mation.4. RF Section4.1 IntroductionThis section gives a short introduction to the RF section of the BRD4186C Radio Board.4.2 RF Section SchematicBRD4186C Radio Board RF section schematic is shown in the following figure.2.4 GHz Matching Path SelectionInverted-F AntennaAntenna Tuning High Frequency Figure 4.1. BRD4186C RF Section Schematic4.2.1 2.4 GHz RF Matching DescriptionThe 2.4 GHz RF matching connects the 2G4RF1 pin to the on-board printed IFA. The component values were optimized for the 2.4 GHz band RF performance and current consumption with the targeted 10 dBm output power.The matching network consists of a five-element impedance matching and harmonic filter circuitry and a DC blocking capacitor (not required for the 20 dBm part).For conducted measurements, the matching network output can also be connected to the UFL connector by removing the series R1resistor (0 Ohm) between the antenna and the matching network and mounting it to the R2 resistor position between the matching net-work and the UFL connector.4.3 Bill of Materials for the 2.4 GHz Matching NetworkThe bill of materials for the BRD4186C Radio Board 2.4 GHz matching network is shown in the following table.Table 4.1. Bill of Materials for the BRD4186C 2.4 GHz RF Matching Network4.4 Inverted-F AntennaThe BRD4186C Radio Board includes an on-board, printed inverted-F antenna, tuned for the 2.4 GHz band. Due to the design restric-tions of the radio board, the input of the antenna and the output of the matching network can't be placed directly next to each other. Therefore, a 50 Ohm transmission line was necessary to connect them.The resulting impedance that is presented to the matching network output is shown in the following figure. During the measurement, the BRD4186C Radio Board was attached to a Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard.As shown in the figure, the antenna impedace (blue curve) is close to 50 Ohm in the entire 2.4 GHz band, and the reflection (red curve) is under -10 dB.Figure 4.2. Impedance and Reflection of the Inverted-F Antenna of the BRD4186C Board Measured from the Matching Output5. Mechanical DetailsThe BRD4186C Radio Board is illustrated in the figures below.45 mm30 mmFigure 5.1. BRD4186C Top View24 mm5 mm Interface ConnectorInterface ConnectorFigure 5.2. BRD4186C Bottom ViewMechanical DetailsEMC Compliance 6. EMC Compliance6.1 IntroductionBRD4186C Radio Board fundamental and harmonic levels compliance is tested against the following standards:• 2.4 GHz:•ETSI EN 300-328•FCC 15.2476.2 EMC Regulations for 2.4 GHz6.2.1 ETSI EN 300-328 Emission Limits for the 2400-2483.5 MHz BandBased on ETSI EN 300-328, the allowed maximum fundamental power for the 2400-2483.5 MHz band is 20 dBm EIRP. For the unwan-ted emissions in the 1 GHz to 12.75 GHz domain, the specific limit is -30 dBm EIRP.6.2.2 FCC15.247 Emission Limits for the 2400-2483.5 MHz BandFCC 15.247 allows conducted output power up to 1 W (30 dBm) in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band. For spurious emissions, the limit is -20 dBc based on either conducted or radiated measurement, if the emission is not in a restricted band. The restricted bands are speci-fied in FCC 15.205. In these bands, the spurious emission levels must meet the levels set out in FCC 15.209. In the range from 960 MHz to the frequency of the 5th harmonic, it is defined as 0.5 mV/m at 3 m distance, which equals to -41.2 dBm in EIRP.If operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band, the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th harmonics can fall into restricted bands. As a result, for those harmon-ics the -41.2 dBm limit should be applied. For the 4th harmonic, the -20 dBc limit should be applied.6.2.3 Applied Emission Limits for the 2.4 GHz BandThe above ETSI limits are applied both for conducted and radiated measurements.The FCC restricted band limits are radiated limits only. In addition, Silicon Labs applies the same restrictions to the conducted spec-trum. By doing so, compliance with the radiated limits can be estimated based on the conducted measurement by assuming the use of an antenna with 0 dB gain at the fundamental and the harmonic frequencies.The overall applied limits are shown in the table below. For the harmonics that fall into the FCC restricted bands, the FCC 15.209 limit is applied. ETSI EN 300-328 limit is applied for the rest.Table 6.1. Applied Limits for Spurious Emissions for the 2.4 GHz Band7. RF Performance7.1 Conducted Power MeasurementsDuring measurements, the BRD4186C Radio Board was attached to a Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard which was supplied by USB. The voltage supply for the radio board (VMCU) was 3.3 V and for the power amlifier (PAVDD), it was 1.8 V.7.1.1 Conducted Power Measurements with Unmodulated CarrierThe transceiver was operated in unmodulated carrier transmission mode. The output power of the radio was set to 10 dBm. The typical output spectrum is shown in the following figure.Figure 7.1. Typical Output Spectrum of the BRD4186C; PAVDD = 1.8 VAs shown in the figure, the fundamental is 10 dBm and all of the unwanted emissions are under the -41.2 dBm limit.Note: The conducted measurement is performed by connecting the on-board UFL connector to a spectrum analyzer through an SMA conversion adapter (P/N: HRMJ-U.FLP(40)). This connection itself introduces approximately 0.3 dB insertion loss.7.1.2 Conducted Power Measurements with Modulated CarrierDepending on the applied modulation scheme and the spectrum analyzer settings specified by the relevant EMC regulations, the meas-ured power levels are usually lower compared to the results with unmodulated carrier. These differences are measured and used as relaxation factors on the results of the radiated measurement performed with unmodulated carrier. This way, the radiated compliance with modulated transmission can be evaluated.In this case, both the ETSI EN 300-328 and the FCC 15.247 regulations define the following spectrum analyzer settings for measuring the unwanted emissions above 1 GHz:•Detector: Average•RBW: 1 MHzThe table below shows the measured differences for the supported modulation schemes.Table 7.1. Measured Relaxation Factors for the Supported Modulation SchemesAs shown, the BLE 125 Kb/s coded modulation scheme has the lowest relaxation factors. These values will be used as the worst case relaxarion factors for the radiated measurements.7.2 Radiated Power MeasurementsDuring measurements, the BRD4186C Radio Board was attached to a Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard which was supplied by USB. The voltage supply for the radio board was 3.3 V, for the power amlifier (PAVDD) it was 1.8 V. The radiated power was measured in an antenna chamber by rotating the board 360 degrees with horizontal and vertical reference antenna polarizations in the XY, XZ, and YZ cuts. The measurement planes are illustrated in the figure below.XZYFigure 7.2. Illustration of Reference Planes with a Radio BoardNote: The radiated measurement results presented in this document were recorded in an unlicensed antenna chamber. Also, the radi-ated power levels may change depending on the actual application (PCB size, used antenna, and so on). Therefore, the absolute levels and margins of the final application are recommended to be verified in a licensed EMC testhouse.7.2.1 Maximum Radiated Power MeasurementsFor the transmitter antenna, the on-board printed inverted-F antenna of the BRD4186C Radio Board was used (the R1 resistor was mounted). The supply for the RF section (RFVDD) and the 2.4 GHz power amplifier (PAVDD) was 1.8 V provided by the on-chip DC-DC converter; for details, see the BRD4186C schematic. The transceiver was operated in unmodulated carrier transmission mode. The output power of the radio was set to 10 dBm based on the conducted measurement.The results are shown in the tables below. The correction factors are applied based on the BLE 125 Kb/s coded modulation, shown in section 7.1.2 Conducted Power Measurements with Modulated Carrier . For the rest of the supported modulation schemes, the correction factors are larger, thus the related calculated margins would be higher compared to the ones shown in the table below. Thus,the margins below can be considered as worst case margins.Table 7.2. Maximums of the Measured Radiated Powers in EIRP [dBm] and the Calculated Modulated Margins in [dB] with theWireless Starter Kit Mainboard; PAVDD = 1.8 VAs shown in the table, with 10 dBm output power, the radiated power of the fundamental is higher than 10 dBm due to the high antenna gain. The 3rd harmonic is very close to the limit with the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard in case of the unmodulated carrier transmis-sion. But with the relaxation of the supported modulation schemes, the margin is at least 5.1 dB.7.2.2 Antenna Pattern MeasurementsThe measured normalized antenna patterns are shown in the following figures.180°-35-30-25-20180°-35-30180°-35-30-25Figure 7.3. Normalized Antenna Pattern of the BRD4186C with the Wireless Starter Kit MainboardEMC Compliance Recommendations 8. EMC Compliance Recommendations8.1 Recommendations for 2.4 GHz ETSI EN 300-328 ComplianceAs shown in section 7.2 Radiated Power Measurements, the power of the BRD4186C fundamental with 10 dBm output is compliant with the 20 dBm limit of the ETSI EN 300-328 regulation. With the supported modulation schemes, the harmonics are also compliant with the relevant limits. Although the BRD4186C Radio Board has an option for mounting a shielding can, it is not required for compli-ance.8.2 Recommendations for 2.4 GHz FCC 15.247 ComplianceAs shown in section 7.2 Radiated Power Measurements, the power of the BRD4186C fundamental with 10 dBm output is compliant with the 30 dBm limit of the FCC 15.247 regulation. With the supported modulation schemes, the harmonics are also compliant with the relevant limits. Although the BRD4186C Radio Board has an option for mounting a shielding can, it is not required for compliance.9. Board Revision HistoryThe board revision is laser engraved in the Board Info field on the bottom side of the PCB, as outlined in the figure below. The revision printed on the silkscreen is the PCB revision.Board RevisionPCB RevisionBRD4186C Rev. A01P C B 4186C R e v . A 01184500348Figure 9.1. Revision InfoTable 9.1. BRD4186C Radio Board Revision HistoryBoard Revision HistoryErrata 10. ErrataThere are no known errata at present.Document Revision History 11. Document Revision HistoryRevision 1.0April, 2022•Initial document release.IoT Portfolio/IoTSW/HW/simplicityQuality/qualitySupport & Community/communitySilicon Laboratories Inc.400 West Cesar Chavez Austin, TX 78701USADisclaimerSilicon Labs intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers using or intending to use the Silicon Labs products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and “Typical” parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon Labs reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. Without prior notification, Silicon Labs may update product firmware during the manufacturing process for security or reliability reasons. Such changes will not alter the specifications or the performance of the product. Silicon Labs shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the information supplied in this document. This document does not imply or expressly grant any license to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. The products are not designed or authorized to be used within any FDA Class III devices, applications for which FDA premarket approval is required, or Life Support Systems without the specific written consent of Silicon Labs. A “Life Support System” is any product or system intended to support or sustain life and/or health, which, if it fails, can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death. Silicon Labs products are not designed or authorized for military applications. Silicon Labs products shall under no circumstances be used in weapons of mass destruction including (but not limited to) nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, ormissiles capable of delivering such weapons. Silicon Labs disclaims all express and implied warranties and shall not be responsible or liable for any injuries or damages related to use of a Silicon Labs product in such unauthorized applications.Trademark InformationSilicon Laboratories Inc.®, Silicon Laboratories®, Silicon Labs®, SiLabs® and the Silicon Labs logo®, Bluegiga®, Bluegiga Logo®, ClockBuilder®, CMEMS®, DSPLL®, EFM®, EFM32®, EFR, Ember®, Energy Micro, Energy Micro logo and combinations thereof, “the world’s most energy friendly microcontrollers”, Ember®, EZLink®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, Gecko®, Gecko OS, Gecko OS Studio, ISOmodem®, Precision32®, ProSLIC®, Simplicity Studio®, SiPHY®, Telegesis, the Telegesis Logo®, USBXpress®, Zentri, the Zentri logo and Zentri DMS, Z-Wave®, and others are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Labs. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 and THUMB are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Holdings. Keil is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. Wi-Fi is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. All other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders.。

2008年度CES获奖产品榜单及CNet评奖结果

公司：ＥｏｅｉｓｔｒＣ
公司：ＡｄｏｏｏｐｒｔｏｕｉｖｘＣｒｏａｉｎ
◆
产品：Ｍ－ＯＧＩ书架式扬声器说明：喇叭单元应用了新技术的镁合金（６ｇ９％Ｍ）振膜，是Ｅｏｅｉ首次全部采用镁混合振ｓｔｒｃ膜喇叭单元设计（中低音、高音喇叭单元）的扬声器。
产品：Ｚｐｅ１ｅｐｌｎ扬声器说明：Ｚｐｅｉ扬声器体积小巧ｅｐｌｎ方便携带，内置了功率放大器．可作为１ｏＰｄ底座使ｕｉｖｘＣｒｏａｉｎ用，播放１ｏＰｄ内的音乐，组公司：ＡｄｏｏｏｐｒｔｏｃｕｔｃＲｓａｃＰＩ超低音扬声器成优秀的立体声音乐系统。产品：ＡｏｓｉｅｅｒｈＦＳＯ说明：外形特别且高性能的超低音扬声器，方正的设计方便放置于音响架或沙发下面。
价比。
公司：ＣｍｒｄｅＡｄｏａｂｉｇｕｉ
～一
产品：Ａｕ４Ｗｚｒ８０功率放大器说明：新颖的Ｈ－Ｎ功率放大器设计，输ＩＥＤ出功率可达２００Ｗ×２８／５０Ｑ或０Ｗ×
１，可升级的设计颇具吸引力１Ｑ８鹫；菇０ｌ
款即为获 “ 佳创新奖 ”产品，其余的则为入围产品。这些产品，都是当今消费电子领域最新科技、最
技术的代表，可以反映出民用消费电子市场的下一阶段发展方向，值得关注。
高级音响类
口
口口
公司：ＣｍｒｄｅＡｄｏａｂｉｇｕｉ

【计算机测量与控制】_航空数据总线_期刊发文热词逐年推荐_20140726

推荐指数 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2009年序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
2011年序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
科研热词推荐指数数据采集 3 串行总线 2 rapidio 2 pci总线 2 pci-e 2 高速数据采集 1 驱动 1 飞机电气系统 1 虚拟仪器技术 1 航空电子全双工交换式以太网 1 航空电子产品 1 航空数据总线 1 端系统 1 直接存储器访问 1 现场可编程门阵列 1 测试设备 1 数据压缩 1 故障注入 1 大量数据 1 同步采集 1 wdf 1 vxworks 1 usb总线 1 tdms文件 1 pxi 1 flash储存 1 bit 1 arm 1 1553b总线 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1553b总线
1
推荐指数 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

空军未来作战概念

Air Force Core Missions - 2035ForewordAirmen and Airpower Advocates,As America’s Airmen, our purpose is to ensure the Air Force can always provide Global Vigilance—Global Reach—Global Power. We do this by providing Air Force forces to accomplish our ﬁ ve core missions. Since 1947, our core missions remain the backbone of our Service, and have evolved appropriately to address the changing environment. Every generation of Airmen has faced seemingly insurmountable challenges in accomplishing these missions, and yet, each generation of Airmen before us found a way to adapt. At crucial moments in time, they developed a way to succeed.As we plan for the future, the rapid pace of change occurring throughout the world compounds the uncertainty and complexity of the future environment. If we are to continue to succeed in our purpose, we must consider both the challenges and the opportunities we will face in air, space, and cyberspace. We must ask ourselves, “How will future Air Force forces deliver responsive and effective Global Vigilance—Global Reach—Global Power in the anticipated environment of 2035?” To answer this question, we propose our Air Force Future Operating Concept.The Air Force Future Operating Concept broadly portrays how the future Air Force will conduct its ﬁ ve core missions as part of a joint, interagency, or multinational force, or independently in support of national security objectives. The central idea is this: “In 2035, AF forces will leverage operational agility as a way to adapt swiftly to any situation or enemy action. Operational agility is the ability to rapidly generate —and shift among —multiple solutions for a given challenge.” By using operational agility as a guiding principle in the conduct of our core missions, we can preserve the Air Force’s ability to act quickly in response to any challenge.Through application of this central idea, we describe our vision for how future Air Force forces may operate. The Air Force seeks bold and innovative approaches to its core missions, and success will also depend on close relationships with partners, particularly the members of the joint team. The ideas in this concept form a basis for examination, experimentation, and capability development planning for building the Air Force of the future.We now face another of those crucial moments in time. The dynamic, complex future is already beginning to challenge us. It is time for this generation of Airmen to develop a way to succeed. We invite you to read about our concept and visualize how Air Force forces of the future may contribute to a strong National defense, support for our allies and partners, and a free and stable world for all.ForewordIntro Implica-tions Concl Links To SMP GlossaryM-D C2ADC GIISR RGM GPS Concept For Future AF OpsAir Force Core Missions - 2035T ABLE OF CONTENTSForeword............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 4Purpose .......................................................................................................................................................4Stra tegic Gu idance ........................................................................................................................... 4Concept for Future Air Force Opera tions .......................................................................................... 7The Central Idea: Opera tional Agility ........................................................................................ 7Underst anding Agility .................................................................................................................... 7Appl ying Agility to Opera tions ...................................................................................................... 8Employing Opera tional Agility .................................................................................................... 11Air Force Core Missions - 2035................................................................................................................. 14Mul ti-Domain Command and Control ......................................................................................... 14Adaptive Domain Control ............................................................................................................. 18Global Integra ted Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (GIISR) ................. 23Rapid Global Mobility .................................................................................................................. 26 Global Precision Strike ................................................................................................................ 29I mplica tions ..................................................................................................................................................... 36Conclusion . (38)Appendix A - Stra tegic Master Plan Linka ges (39)Appendix B - Glossary (45)T able of ContentsIntro Implica-tions Concl Links To SMP GlossaryM-D C2ADC GIISR RGM GPS Concept For Future AF OpsAir Force Core Missions - 2035IntroductionPurposeThe Air Force Future Operating Concept is the Air Force’s overarching force development concept. It describes how future Air Force (AF) forces will provide responsive and effective Global Vigilance—Global Reach—Global Power in light of the anticipated future strategic and operational environment. The AF Future Operating Concept broadly portrays how the future Air Force will conduct its ﬁ ve core missions as part of a joint, interagency, or multinational force, or independently in support of national security objectives. The primary audiences for this concept are Headquarters Air Force (HAF) and Major Command (MAJCOM) strategic planners.Strategic GuidanceRelationship between the AF Future Operating Concept and Air Force Strategy Documents.The AF Future Operating Concept is guided by Service strategic direction expressed in The World’s Greatest Air Force—Powered by Airmen, Fueled by Innovation (A Vision for the United States Air Force) (Jan 2013); Global Vigilance, Global Reach, Global Power for America (Aug 2013); and America’s Air Force: A Call to the Future (Jul 2014). The Air Force Strategic Environment Assessment, 2014-2034 (AFSEA, 2014) provided strategic context to help frame the future operational environment.The AF Future Operating Concept and the Strategic Master Plan (SMP) are complementary documents. The AF Future Operating Concept provides context for the direction in the SMP , while the SMP provides credible pathways toward the concept’s projections. The AF Future Operating Concept takes the current core missions outlined in Global Vigilance, Global Reach, Global Power for America , and based on the future environment postulated by the AFSEA, describes how AF forces will evolve and conduct their core missions to help overcome national security challenges in that future environment. The AF Future Operating Concept provides a picture of future operations that informs Air Force Strategy by describing the desired future state for force development. As a force development concept, the AF Future Operating Concept is subject to testing, experimentation, evaluation and assessment to validate its ideas and/or suggest better alternatives.America’s Air Force: A Call to the Future and the SMP chart the institutional course to transition from the current state of AF forces to one similar to the future force described in the AF Future Operating Concept. America’s Air Force: A Call to the Future uses strategic agility as a guiding principle for the Air Force as an institution that organizes, trains, equips, and provides operational AF forces in order to facilitate the transition. The imperatives and vectors ﬂ ow through the SMP and the Annexes to outline the coherent actions that the institutional Air Force needs to perform to drive toward the target picture presented by the AF Future Operating Concept.Intro Implica-tions Concl Links To SMP GlossaryM-D C2ADC GIISR RGM GPS Concept For Future AF OpsAir Force Core Missions - 2035Figure 1:Relationship between the AF Future Operating Concept and AF Strategy in the Strategy, Planning and Programming Process (SP3).Strategic Context. While the AF Future Operating Concept portrays skilled Airmen employing advanced technology in innovative ways to deter and defeat adversaries, it also emphasizes that the nature of warfare will not change over the next two decades. War will remain a clash of wills between thinking adversaries, and it will occur in an environment of uncertainty and rapid change. However, the character of warfare is becoming far less predictable and more complex. No technology or technique will eliminate the metaphorical fog and friction of warfare, and no military advantage will go unchallenged by adversaries seeking to achieve their objectives and deny us ours. While war will remain an instrument of policy, with associated constraints/restraints and speciﬁ ed missions for military forces, navigating the relationship between policy and war will be even more challenging in the complex future. The AFSEA, which compiles the expert analyses of the future environment across the Department of Defense, Intelligence Community, and think tanks, highlights that the era in which the United States can project power globally essentially uncontested has ended. It identiﬁ es four emerging trends that are highly likely to characterize the future: increasing speed and proliferation of technological change, geopolitical instability, increasing scarcity of natural resources, and an increasingly important and vulnerable global commons. The AFSEA uses these trends to derive six emerging trends with implications for the Air Force: 1) adversaries’ acquisition and development of capabilities to challenge the U.S.; 2) increasing importance or frequency of irregular, urban, humanitarian, and intelligence operations; 3) increasing challenges to deterrence; 4) energy costs; 5) exploiting new technology opportunities; and 6) challenges of climate change.1The rapid pace of change occurring throughout the world acts as a common thread between these trends and implications, and compounds the uncertainty and complexity of the future environment.1 AFSEA, 2014-2034, 19.IntroImplica-tions Concl Links To SMP GlossaryM-D C2ADC GIISR RGM GPS Concept For Future AF OpsAir Force Core Missions - 2035Accordingly, the AF Future Operating Concept’s central idea of operational agility is the Air Force’s approach to conducting its missions in future warfare. While the AF Future Operating Concept primarily describes AF forces implementing operational agility, Airmen fully understand that success will depend on close relationships with partners, particularly the members of the joint team. The Air Force seeks bold and innovative approaches to its core missions—either in a supported or supporting role—to achieve results that set the conditions for partner organizations and the joint force to succeed in support of national security objectives. The goal of this document is not to create a more effective future Air Force for its own sake, but for the sake of the joint ﬁ ght and the Nation.DoDD 5100.01, Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components, (21 Dec 2010) directs the Air Force to “provide the Nation with global vigilance, global reach, and global power in the form of in-place, forward-based, and expeditionary forces possessing the capacity to deter aggression and violence by state, non-state, and individual actors to prevent conﬂ ict, and, should deterrence fail, prosecute the full range of military operations in support of U.S. national interests.” Global Vigilance, Global Reach, Global Power for America (Aug 2013) ampliﬁ es this task by explaining how Airmen provide these three elements through the Air Force’s ﬁ ve core missions. It deﬁ nes the Air Force’s core missions as: air and space superiority; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR); rapid global mobility; global strike; and command and control (C2). Global Vigilance, Global Reach, Global Power for America describes how the Air Force provides air, space, and cyber power to the nation in the current environment; the AF Future Operating Concept describes how it will answer this call in the future.The AF Future Operating Concept envisions a future in which information technologies permeate almost every object. Cyberspace will no longer be clearly separable from the physical domains, as actions in cyberspace will create effects in all other domains. The amount of human knowledge will have potentially increased by orders of magnitude, and technological advancement will empower individuals, groups and non-state actors to develop and employ capabilities previously reserved to nation-states. It will be impossible to achieve and maintain complete, permanent technological or informational advantages. Instead, advantages will be transient and belong to persons and organizations that display bold, adaptive, and innovative behaviors.Accordingly, the military problem at the crux of the AF Future Operating Concept is:How will future Air Force forces deliver responsive and effective Global Vigilance—Global Reach—Global Power in the anticipated environment of 2035?The remainder of this document explains the Air Force’s answer to this question and the desired future state.Intro Implica-tions Concl Links To SMP GlossaryM-D C2ADC GIISR RGM GPS Concept For Future AF OpsAir Force Core Missions - 2035Concept for Future Air Force Opera tions The Central Idea: Operational AgilityAirmen, through their ﬁ ve core missions, have unique abilities to rapidly achieve Global Vigilance, Global Reach, and Global Power in support of national security objectives as part of a joint team. The increasingly dynamic environment of the future, however, dictates that the Air Force must change how it conducts these missions. In 2035, AF forces will leverage operational agility as a way to adapt swiftly to any situation or enemy action. Operational agility is the ability to rapidly generate—and shift among—multiple solutions for a given challenge. This agility will require Airmen to change the way they think about seizing and retaining the initiative in conﬂ ict. In the past, the Air Force has relied on speed and simultaneous operations to paralyze the enemy’s decision-making process. The joint force of 2035 will instead place an adversary on the “horns of multiple dilemmas” by swiftly applying different strengths to produce multiple approaches, and the Air Force will contribute by creating combinations of air, space, and cyberspace capabilities to achieve desired effects in the battlespace.2The ability to cultivate and exploit an array of options will quickly enable AF forces to seize the initiative and overwhelm adversaries by generating too many approaches for an enemy to counter successfully. Operational agility will also change how Airmen consider resilience. The Air Force has focused on static hardening and survivability of exquisite platforms to assure resilience to operate in the face of enemy attacks. In 2035, the ability to rapidly produce and ﬂ ex between multiple options will provide a dynamic form of resilience. Operational agility acts as a unifying principle that guides how the Air Force will conduct its core missions in the future.Understanding AgilityIn order to understand operational agility, it is helpful to deconstruct agility as an abstract idea.Agility , in a physical sense, is best deﬁ ned as “a rapid whole body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus.”3This deﬁ nition identiﬁ es the physical capability for quick movement and change, and it implies a mental capacity to quickly and continuously assess, decide, and act. Agility exists in terms of a reaction to a dynamic opponent, a moving target, or shifting conditions. At its heart, it is the ability to act appropriately within a changing context.Agility depends upon several facets: ﬂ exibility, speed, coordination, balance, and strength . Alone, each is insufﬁ cient to create agility, but each plays a necessary role. One or more facets may ﬁ gure more prominently in a given situation, but each will be present and work together to form the whole. Flexibility describes the ability to move without restriction across a range of motion that is bounded by limits in distance and direction. Inadequate ﬂ exibility affects performance because it prevents a body from reaching its full potential and power. In essence, f lexibility enables and represents the range of possibilities in agility . Speed refers to the swiftness of a movement or action in both physical and cognitive ways. Physical speed is required to quickly execute changes or adjustments to provide a timely reaction. Cognitive speed is necessary to ensure information processing and reaction times provide timely inputs that drive physical action. The two are interdependent. Quick actions without thought may not form the correct response to a situation, and thus will be ineffective. Likewise, quick recognition and decision without the ability to physically carry out an action in a timely manner is also ineffective. Speed provides the responsiveness necessary in agility .Concept for Future Air Force Opera tions2 The original “horns of a dilemma” term refers to Gen William Tecumseh Sherman’s approach to present an adversary with more than one problem at a ti me, to baﬄ e and confound him while retaining one’s own alternati ves and ﬂ exibility. B.H. Liddell Hart, Sherman: Soldier, Realist, American (Boston, MA: Da Capo Press, 1993), 315.3 J.M. Sheppard and W.B. Young, “Agility Literature Review: Classiﬁ cati ons, Training and Testi ng”, Journal of Sports Science 24 (2006): 919-932.Intro Implica-tions Concl Links To SMP GlossaryM-D C2ADC GIISR RGM GPS Concept For Future AF OpsAir Force Core Missions - 2035Coordination signiﬁ es the combination of movements with both direction and force that result in intended actions. Physically, coordination comprises the movements of several physical parts sequentially or simultaneously combined into a coherent, efﬁ cient effort. Cognitively, it involves the integration of data related to the position and movement of physical parts, external and internal inputs, and the processes that plan, relay, and control physical actions. Essentially, coordination smoothly integrates multiple parts and processes to create an intended action most effectively .Balance denotes the ability to maintain the center of gravity of a body within the base of support without losing control. Depending on the situation, a different distribution of weight or physical forces may be required to achieve balance initially. As the situation changes, the distribution may have to shift to maintain balance under new conditions. Balance is necessary in agility because balance allows a body to be in the position to take the desired action , for as long or as short a period as desired.Strength represents the ability to exert force on a physical object. It is vital in agility because strength embodies the physical capability to carry out the intended action . Endurance, or strength sustained over a period of time, serves as an important aspect because it enables agility over a long duration. Flexibility, speed, coordination, and balance all play a role in creating the ability to act quickly in response to changing context, but strength is required to convert intent into action. Without strength, action is ineffective.Applying Agility to OperationsThe Air Force of 2035 must mature its ability to act quickly in response to dynamic adversaries within the changing future environment. An effective response to shifting stimuli requires the ability to change or adapt easily. There is a difference between committing wholesale to a select solution to a challenge versus committing to a philosophy that develops a variety of solutions that can be reconﬁ gured or substituted quickly. An agile Air Force will possess a variety of options for a given challenge and, when the enemy develops a counter, will be able to adapt by ﬂ exing quickly to a different solution. The ability to rapidly generate multiple options or solutions for a given challenge will provide AF forces with the agility at the operational level of war necessary to engage adversaries effectively.4Operational agility will preserve the Air Force’s ability to act quickly in response to changing context.For AF forces to use operational agility to prevail in 2035, they will need to apply the facets of agility: ﬂ exibility, speed, coordination, balance, and strength. Each of the ﬁ ve facets has numerous applications in warﬁ ghting, from the individual tactical level through the national strategic level. The AF Future Operating Concept examines how these ﬁ ve facets apply to AF forces as a warﬁ ghting entity that functions as part of a joint team at the operational level of war. Flexibility , the movement without restriction across a range of motion, applies at the operationallevel as the ability to ﬂ ex across the range of options that the Air Force as an institution can provide. Flexibility in operational agility manifests as Integrated Multi-Domain Operations. •Integrated Multi-Domain Operations: As a Service born of air-breathing platforms and doctrine, the Air Force has evolved to include space and cyberspace as key operating domains—but in many cases, Airmen of 2015 think of multi-domain operations largely as air operations that are supported or augmented by space or cyber capabilities. By 2035, the meaning of integrated multi-domain operations will encompass full interoperability among air, space, and cyberspace capabilities so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of the contributed parts without being limited by rigid interdependence. Modular air, space, 4 Joint Publicati on (JP) 3-0, Joint Operati ons , deﬁ nes the operati onal level of war as “The level of war at which campaigns and major operati ons are planned, conducted, and sustained to achieve strategic objecti ves within theaters or other operati onal areas.” See also JP 1-02, 8 November2010 (as amended through 15 June 2015), 178.Intro Implica-tions Concl Links To SMP GlossaryM-D C2ADC GIISR RGM GPS Concept For Future AF OpsAir Force Core Missions - 2035surface and cyberspace forces and capabilities will be able to be separated, then connected, combined, or reconﬁ gured. If the ability to act in one domain becomes limited, Air Force and joint forces will outpace the enemy by rapidly shifting to operations in other domains to accomplish the required tasks and objectives. Robust, resilient capabilities provided through cyberspace or space assets will reduce reliance on traditional air platforms to produce certain effects. Alternatively, kinetic or non-kinetic air operations will be directed at enabling or achieving space or cyberspace effects as well as attacking conventional targets. Of course, while the integration of the air, space, and cyber domains will be this document’s primary focus, it is only when operations in these domains are effectively integrated with those in the land and maritime domains that the joint team will be able to reach its true potential. This recognition is central to the AF Future Operating Concept.Speed has both physical and cognitive applications in operational agility, but at the operational level cognitive speed may be most important. Physical speed is provided by technology and capabilities. Cognitive speed, at the macro level, centers on an organization’s methods to process information and develop decisions. Speed in operational agility manifests as Superior Decision Speed.•Superior Decision Speed: Uncertainty and incomplete information are realities in warfare. Rather than demanding “perfect” intelligence, military forces must be able make accurate decisions at a rate that provides advantages over adversaries. In 2015, the Air Force has access to a wealth of data collected from a vast number of sources. However, it remains limited in its physical ability to process and integrate the sheer volume of data into actionable information in a timely manner. By 2035, the correlation of disparate bits of data will be even more critical to provide decision makers with the required information to make key decisions rapidly for operations. Collected data will be integrated in an open, adaptive information construct unburdened by unnecessary classiﬁ cation barriers. Air, space, and cyberspace ISR assets will share information seamlessly and contribute to a Common Operating Picture (COP). A global COP will require advanced capabilities and various degrees of automation to unlock the power of Big Data and correlate diverse pieces of information more quickly.5A User-Deﬁ ned Operating Picture (UDOP) will provide the interface between the decision-maker and the global COP . Human-machine interfaces will be engineered to deliver the right information and level of detail to the right person at the right time to make the right decision. This construct will balance speed with accuracy to deliver the ability to make risk-appropriate actionable decisions. Together, these elements will increase the speed and quality of decision-making to allow superior responsiveness.Coordination , the smooth integration of multiple elements to create an intended action, also has physical and cognitive applications in operational agility. The cognitive portion relates to awareness, tracking, and planning functions, while the physical portion deals with sequencing and controlling physical assets. All of these functions occur through command and control. Coordination in operational agility manifests as Dynamic Command and Control.• Dynamic Command and Control: The Air Force’s command and control mindset of 2015 focuses on large-scale, conventional air operations, augmented by space and cyberspace operations, with domain-speciﬁ c tasking orders centered on an air tasking order (ATO). While today’s Airman commands and controls in a faster and less-rigid way than in the past, this mindset will evolve further as domain-speciﬁ c thinking matures into multi-domain integration. By 2035, enhanced battlespace awareness, improved planning and assessment, and organizational ﬂ exibility will better enable elements to self-synchronize and adapt to fulﬁ ll commander’s intent. Commanders, planners, and operators will have the requisite authorities, at the appropriate levels, to integrate effects. Cognitively and physically, dynamic 5 The term “Big Data” describes large volumes of high velocity, complex, and variable data that require advanced techniques and technologies to enable the capture, conditi oning, reliability, storage, distributi on, management, and analysis of the informati on. Big Data helps make collecti onfrom all sources discoverable, and improves humans’ ability to assess, explain, and anti cipate adversary acti on while providing improved mecha-nisms for intelligence delivery.Intro Implica-tions Concl Links To SMP GlossaryM-D C2ADC GIISR RGM GPS Concept For Future AF OpsAir Force Core Missions - 2035command and control will permit ﬂ uid transitions between supported or supporting roles and between centralized control and distributed coordination. Operationally agile forces will defeat future enemy threats by ﬁ ghting in a highly coordinated manner under the principle of mission command .6 As with multi-domain operations, this approach must be developed within the framework of the joint and combined team. Dynamic command and control should exist across all components of a joint or combined task force, enabling any component to assume a supported or supporting role depending on the circumstances. Within a dynamic future environment, a shift in roles could exist for hours or months. The Air Force must have the structure and expertise built into its component headquarters to smoothly execute these transitions.Balance requires a more theoretical application at the operational level of war. Essentially, balance consists of manipulating distributions so that an organization retains the ability to act. While it exists across several dimensions, the Air Force’s ability to act centers on its capabilities. Concentrating capabilities into any single platform or role creates vulnerability and reduces the ability to be effective in other areas. The Air Force must maintain its ability to defeat a full spectrum of enemy actions without introducing singular vulnerabilities. Balance in operational agility manifests as a Balanced Capabilities Mix. • Balanced Capabilities Mix : Operational agility relies on the ability to generate multiple solutions and options for any given challenge, but resources are not unlimited. Since the 1970’s, the Air Force has used the term “high-low mix” to describe the intent to acquire a limited number of high-cost/high-capability platforms supplemented with many lower-cost/lower-capability platforms. By 2035, this simple characterization will have evolved into an Air Force that applies a balanced mix of air, space, and cyber forces across domains with an array of partners. The Air Force will use an appropriate subset of its capabilities—suited to the situation, mission and threat—and adapt as required. The future Air Force will retain tailored numbers of high-end assets to operate against adversaries that pose advanced threats to joint/multinational force efforts in any domain. To conduct follow-on sustained operations, or a sustainedirregular warfare effort in a permissive or semi-permissive environment, AF forces primarily will use lower-cost/lower-capability assets, efﬁ ciently expending resources to achieve joint force commander (JFC) objectives while relying more on partner nations. Operations against adversaries with advanced capabilities will require uniﬁ ed action from the joint force and contributions from multinational partners to offset the ﬁ scally-rationed capacity of the force. The Air Force’s balanced capabilities mix of assets will foster the ability to engage with, train, and operate alongside partners with sophisticated systems as well as partners who possess lower-capability systems. Interoperability among air forces will provide opportunities for partners to contribute according to their strengths.Strength , the physical capability to carry out an intended action, resides in operationally employable AF forces. To be effective in any response, these forces must be ready, equipped, and sustained. To be effective over the duration of the conﬂ ict, they must be resilient. The Air Force can augment these forces by teaming with advanced systems and joint, interagency, and multinational partners. Strength in operational agility manifests as Performance-Optimized Teams.• Performance-Optimized Teams: In 2015, the Air Force uses legacy, Cold-War-era methods to describe the readiness and performance of units and personnel against static mission sets that are not necessarily correlated to current threats. By 2035, evolution in the way the service achieves readiness and required performance levels will change theorganization, training and equipping of Airmen. As a result of the Air Force’s prioritized focus on critical thinking, adaptive behavior, innovation, and collaboration skills, Airmen will 6 “Mission command – The conduct of military operati ons through decentralized executi on based upon mission-type orders.” JP 1-02, 158.Intro Implica-tions Concl Links To SMP Glossary M-D C2ADC GIISR RGM GPS Concept For Future AF Ops。

VEX产品介绍

产品介绍套装系列 (4)VEX机器人基本套装 (4)控制器套装M ICROCONTROLLER K IT (4)升级W I F I无线遥控套装N ET U PGRADE K IT (5)马达套装M OTOR K IT (5)双线加强马达套装H IGH S TRENGTH M OTOR K IT (6)伺服器套装 S ERVO K IT (6)遥控接收套装T RANSMITTER &R ECEIVER K IT (7)晶振套装A C RYSTAL U PGRADE K IT A (7)晶振套装B C RYSTAL U PGRADE K IT B (8)碰撞开关套装B UMPER S WITCH K IT (8)行程开关套装L IMIT S WITCH K IT (9)巡线传感器套装L INE T RACKER K IT (9)光敏传感器套装L IGHT S ENSOR K IT (10)超声波传感器套装U LTRASONIC R ANGE F INDER K IT (10)编码器套装O PTICAL S HAFT ENCODER K IT (11)双向编码器套装B IDIRECTIONAL O PTICAL S HAFT ENCODER K IT (11)探照灯套装F LASHLIGHT K IT (12)角度传感器套装P OTENTIOMETER K IT (12)信号分频器套装S IGNAL S PLITTER K IT (13)单向气泵套装VEX P NEUMATIC P ARTS K IT 1 (13)双向气泵套装VEX P NEUMATIC P ARTS K IT 2 (14)9.6V两电一充电池套装P OWER P ACK K IT (14)美国原装电池套装VEX P OWER P ACK (15)9.6V一电一充电池套装9.6V P OWER K IT (15)7.2V电池套装7.2V P OWER K IT (16)电源扩展器套装P OWER E XPANDER K IT (16)程序套装P ROGRAMMING P ARTS K IT (17)结构件套装H ARDWARE K IT (17)高级五金件套装A DVANCED M ETAL P ACK (18)铝金属件套装A LUMINUM M ETAL K IT (18)加长铝金属件套装L ONG A LUMINUM M ETAL K IT (19)齿条架套装R ACK B RACKET P ACK (19)蜗轮架套装W ORM B RACKET P ACK (20)差速架套装B EVEL B RACKET P ACK (20)滑动架套装L INEAR S LIDE P ACK (21)齿轮套装G EARS K IT (21)加强齿轮套装H EAVY G EARS K IT (22)高级齿轮套装A DVANCED G EAR P ACK (22)马达齿轮套装M OTOR G EARS K IT (23)金属小齿轮套装M ETAL G EARS K IT (23)车轮套装W HEEL K IT (24)万向轮套装O MNI-DIRECTIONAL W HEEL K IT (24)大万向轮套装L ARGE O MNI-DIRECTIONAL W HEEL K IT (25)腿轮套装W HEEL L EGS K IT (25)自组螺丝套装B EARING R IVETS P ACK (26)链轮套装S PROCKET AND C HAIN K IT (26)加强链轮套装H IGH S TRENGTH S PROCKET AND C HAIN K IT (27)履带套装T ANK T READ K IT (27)加强履带套装T ANK T READ U PGRADE K IT (28)电池扎带套装B ATTERY H OLD-DOWN K IT (28)扎带套装H OLD-DOWN K IT (29)防护眼镜S AFEGUARD G LASSES (29)工具包T OOLS K IT (30)竞赛系列 (31)高地战斗比赛场地 (31)高地战斗竞赛机器人范例......I型. (32)高地战斗竞赛机器人范例......II型.. (32)高地战斗竞赛机器人范例......III型.. (33)大获全胜比赛场地----中间隔墙 (33)大获全胜比赛场地----围板 (34)大获全胜比赛场地----场地纸 (34)大获全胜比赛场地----比赛用球 (35)大获全胜全套比赛场地 (35)大获全胜美国原装进口全套场地 (36)大获全胜场地控制器 (36)大获全胜竞赛机器人范例----Ⅰ型 (37)大获全胜竞赛机器人范例----Ⅱ型 (38)大获全胜竞赛机器人范例----Ⅲ型 (38)大获全胜竞赛机器人范例----Ⅳ型 (39)VEX LCD显示模块VEX LCD D ISPLAY (40)橡皮筋套装R UBBER B AND (40)网布A NTI-SLIP M AT (41)英文版程序套装E ASY C (41)套装系列VEX 机器人基本套装产品编号：产品说明含主控制器套装1套、遥控接收套装1套、马达套装3套、伺服器套装1套、碰撞开关套装1套、行程开关套装1套、车轮套装1套、齿轮套1套、五金件套装1套、工具套装1套、扎带1包特性1. 高端质量、丰富齐全的零部件，为无限创意提供可能。

创新、发明与专利实务课后习题答案(DOC)

专利制度的历史（一）1世界上第一部具有现代意义的专利法是（）。

A、《物权法》B、《保险法》C、《垄断法》D、《竞争法》正确答案： C2根据2012年世界知识产权组织权威发布的报告，（）成为专利申请第一大国。

A、美国B、日本C、澳大利亚D、中国正确答案： D3“专利制度就是在天才的火焰上倾倒利益之油”是谁的名言？（）A、瓦特B、林肯C、爱迪生D、柯克正确答案： B4专利权起源于资本主义社会的财产权。

（）正确答案：×5专利权在英国工业革命之前就已经正式确立。

（）正确答案：√专利制度的历史（二）1根据国家统计局2004年数据显示，国内企业、个人专利申请集中领域不包括（）。

A、食品B、服装C、软饮料D、汉字输入法正确答案： B2我国1985年颁布的《专利法》规定的专利垄断期限是（）。

A、12年B、13年C、14年D、15年正确答案： D3VCD最早是由（）发明制造的。

A、美国B、日本C、中国D、韩国正确答案： C4美国在本国公司申请了美国和加拿大的童锁专利后，要求进口彩电必须具备童锁功能。

（）正确答案：×5在欧美发达国家，很多专利发明都用来设置贸易壁垒。

（）正确答案：√专利制度的历史（三）1真空瓶在专利申请之初的目的是（）。

A、教学实验B、工业发明C、盛放热水D、低温研究正确答案： D2日用拉链专利获得批准是在（）。

A、1905年B、1914年C、1917年D、1920年正确答案： C3著名公司Thermos的设立与真空瓶专利的申请关系密切。

（）正确答案：√4美国人吉德昂·逊德巴克于1917年提出了拉链的申请。

（）正确答案：×专利制度的历史（四）1三点式汽车安全带的发明最早出现在（）公司。

A、奔驰戴姆勒公司B、奔驰梅赛德斯公司C、沃尔沃公司D、大众公司正确答案： C2下列专利发明出现在19世纪的是（）。

A、吉列剃须刀B、瓦特蒸汽机C、膨胀螺钉D、三点式安全带正确答案： A3英国工程师瓦特发明了蒸汽机。

IDEA 2008 获奖作品

IDEA 2008
Computer Equipment
Gold winner
苹果MacBook Air笔记本金奖计算机设备类：参与评奖的厂商: 苹果公司 (美国) 设计者 : 苹果公司 (美国)
苹果MacBook Air最大的卖点就是其超薄的机身造型，整体采用银灰色铝制外壳，LED屏幕的应用以及英特尔专为苹果定制的处理器，这些特点使得该机在厚度以及散热控制方面均有较为出色的表现，除了出众的轻薄设计，该机在其他细节方面也极具特色。其触摸板也是一个亮点，无缝设计和多触点技术能方便用户使用。作为目前最轻薄的 13寸机型，MacBook Air堪称经典。
Replug Breakaway Audio Connector Series
An inadvertent yank on the audio cord sends the iPod falling, flying or worse, causing the audio plug to snap off inside the audio jack. Enter Replug, a series of adapters and extension cables that couple between headphones and devices, turning standard 3.5mm audio jacks into breakaway connections. Each product comprises a plug tip that is attached to the body via a resilient elastomeric ring. When too much force is applied, Replug simply detaches from itself, preventing catastrophic damage to the audio equipment. The product series currently includes headphone adapters and 6-foot long extension and audio cables.

西尔西斯 R2 R4 数据采集系统用户指南说明书

SIRIUS®TECHNICAL R EFERENCE M ANUAL4.10. S IRIUS-R2/R4R2/R4 i s a c ompact d ata a cquisition s ystem w ith u p t o 64 a nalog i nputs, 32 c ounter i nputs a nd 32 analog o utputs w ith b uilt-in h igh-performance, h ighly r eliable d ata p rocessing c omputer a nd S SD d ata logger.SIRIUS-R4Main f eatures●HIGH-END S IGNAL C ONDITIONING : R 2/R4 d ata a cquisition s ystems a re b uilt a round S IRIUS D AQtechnology a nd f eature t he s ame v ersatile a nd p owerful a mpliﬁers f or w orld-leading s ignal conditioning. V isit S IRIUS p roduct p age f or d etailed S IRIUS D AQ t echnology o verview.●POWERFUL A ND R ELIABLE C OMPUTER : R 2/R4 D AQ s ystem o ffers p owerful b uilt-in d ataprocessing c omputer a nd f ast a nd r eliable S SD d ata l ogging c apabilities f or a s tand-alone operation.●UP T O 64 A NALOG I NPUTS : S ystem c an b e c onﬁgured w ith u p t o 4 S IRIUS D AQ s lices f or a t otalof 64 a nalog i nputs f or c onnecting v irtually a ny s ensor.●UP T O 32 C OUNTER/ENCODER I NPUTS : S ystem c an h old u p t o 32 c ounter/encoder i nputs o r 96digital i nput c hannels, a ll e quipped w ith o ur p atented S UPERCOUNTER® t echnology.●UP T O 4 I SOLATED C AN P ORTS : C onﬁgure u p t o 4 h igh s peed C AN 2.0b c hannels w ith1Mbit/sec d ata t hroughput w ith a dditional s upport f or C CP, O BDII, J 1939, a nd C AN o utput.●ETHERCAT M ASTER P ORT : R 2/R4 D AQ s ystems i nclude E therCAT m aster p ort w ith b uilt-insynchronization f or e asy c onnection a nd e xtension o f a ny o f o ur E therCAT b ased D AQ s ystems like K RYPTON D AQ m odules o r S IRIUS D AQ s ystem.●ALL I NTERFACES : I nterfaces f or W ireless L AN, d ual G LAN, 4x U SB 3.0, G PS, H DMI, 2xsynchronization a re a vailable.●100 H z G PS W ITH R TK : O ptional 10Hz o r 100Hz G PS r eceiver w ith a dditional R TK s upport c an b ebuilt s traight i nto R 2/R4 D AQ s ystem.SIRIUS ®V 21-276Provided by: (800)404-ATECAdvanced Test Equipment Corp .®Rentals • Sales • Calibration • Service4.10.1. S IRIUS-R2: S peciﬁcationsSIRIUS ®V 21-277Computer Processor Intel® C ore™ i 7; 2x 2.6 G Hz b ase, 3.4 G Hz m ax; 4 t hreads Memory 8 G B (optional u p t o 32 G B)StorageNon-removable M 2 250 G B (500 G B, 1 T B a s o ption)Interfaces a nd o ptions USB F ront 4x U SB 3.0Ethernet 2x G LAN (RJ45) 2x f ront, 1x W LAN (RP-SMA F emale J ack) EtherCAT® 1x E therCAT® 100 M bps F ull D uplex, 8-pin L EMO f emale Synchronisation 2x S IRIUS® S YNC Video 1x H DMIGPS (option)10 H z o r 100 H z o r 100 H z + R TKGPS d isplay (option) External o n D SUB-9 f emale c onnector + r emote p ower o n Power Power s upply 9 - 36 V D CPower c onsumptionTyp. 30 W (Max. 35 W ) (excl. S IRIUS® s lices) Power o ut & E therCAT® P ower o ut TypeSwitched i nput s upply o n 2-pin L EMO f emale & E therCAT® c onnector, 8-pin L EMO f emale Maximum p ower 60 W (combined P ower o ut & E therCAT® P ower o ut) Output V oltage12 - 36 V D C R2rt o ptional E therCAT® s lave p ortMinimum d elay (analog i nput t o E therCAT® b us) 70 µs Minimum E therCAT® c ycle t ime 100 µsEnvironmentalOperating T emperature -10 t o 50 °C Storage T emperature -40 t o 85 °CHumidity 95 % R H n on c ondensing @ 50 °C IP r atingIP20Shock & V ibrationVibration s weep s inus (EN 60068-2-6:2008)\Vibration r andom (EN 60721-3-2: 1997 - C lass 2M2) Shock (EN 60068-2-27:2009) MIL-STD-810D Physical Dimensions 276 x 172 x 142 m mWeight2.34 k g (excl. S IRIUS® s lices)4.10.2. S IRIUS-R2-HUB: S peciﬁcationsSIRIUS ®V 21-278Interfaces a nd o ptions USB F ront 1x U SB 2.0, U SB M ini B Synchronisation 2x S IRIUS® S YNCUSB 2.0 h ub BandwidthMinimum 20 M B/secTypical 25 M B/sec Maximum 28 M B/secSIRIUS D ual C ore 32 A I C hannels a t 200 k S/sec @ 25.6 M B/sec SIRIUS H S 32 A I C hannels, 450 k S/sec @ 28.8 M B/sec 8 A I C hannels + 1 C ounter, 1000 k S/sec @ 20 M B/sec Power Power s upply 9 - 36 V D C Connector3-pin L EMO m ale Power c onsumptionTyp. 4.8 W (Max. 6.8 W ) (excl. S IRIUS® s lices)R2rt o ptional E therCAT® s lave p ortMinimum d elay (analog i nput t o E therCAT® b us) 70 µs Minimum E therCAT® c ycle t ime 100 µsEnvironmentalOperating T emperature -10 t o 50 °C Storage T emperature -40 t o 85 °CHumidity 95 % R H n on c ondensing @ 50 °C IP r atingIP20Shock & V ibrationVibration s weep s inus (EN 60068-2-6:2008)\ Vibration r andom (EN 60721-3-2: 1997 - C lass 2M2) Shock (EN 60068-2-27:2009) MIL-STD-810DPhysical Dimensions 276 x 172 x 142 m mWeight2.77 k g (excl. S IRIUS® s lices)4.10.3. S IRIUS-R4: S peciﬁcationSIRIUS ®V 21-279Computer Processor Intel® C ore™ i 7; 2x 2.6 G Hz b ase, 3.4 G Hz m ax; 4 t hreads Memory8 G B (optional u p t o 32 G B)StorageNon-removable M 2 250 G B (500 G B, 1 T B a s o ption)Interfaces a nd o ptions USB F ront 4x U SB 3.0Ethernet 2x G LAN (RJ45) 2x f ront, 1x W LAN (RP-SMA F emale J ack) EtherCAT® 1x E therCAT® 100 M bps F ull D uplex, 8-pin L EMO f emale Synchronisation 2x S IRIUS® S YNC Video 1x H DMIGPS (option)10 H z o r 100 H z o r 100 H z + R TKGPS d isplay (option) External o n D SUB-9 f emale c onnector + r emote p ower o n Power Power s upply 9 - 36 V D CPower c onsumptionTyp. 30 W (Max. 35 W ) (excl. S IRIUS® s lices) Power o ut & E therCAT® P ower o ut TypeSwitched i nput s upply o n 2-pin L EMO f emale & E therCAT® c onnector, 8-pin L EMO f emale Maximum p ower 60 W (combined P ower o ut & E therCAT® P ower o ut) Output V oltage12 - 36 V D C R4rt o ptional E therCAT® s lave p ortMinimum d elay (analog i nput t o E therCAT® b us) 70 µs Minimum E therCAT® c ycle t ime 100 µsEnvironmentalOperating T emperature -10 t o 50°C Storage T emperature -40 t o 85°CHumidity 95 % R H n on c ondensing @ 50 °C IP r atingIP20Shock & V ibrationVibration s weep s inus (EN 60068-2-6:2008)\Vibration r andom (EN 60721-3-2: 1997 - C lass 2M2) Shock (EN 60068-2-27:2009) MIL-STD-810D Physical Dimensions 276 x 251 x 150 m m Weight3.2 k g (excl. S IRIUS® s lices)4.10.4. S IRIUS-R4-HUB: S peciﬁcationSIRIUS ®V 21-280Interfaces a nd o ptions USB F ront 1x U SB 2.0, U SB M ini B Synchronisation 2x S IRIUS® S YNCUSB 2.0 h ub BandwidthMinimum 20 M B/secTypical 25 M B/sec Maximum 28 M B/secSIRIUS D ual C ore 32 A I C hannels a t 200 k S/sec @ 25.6 M B/sec SIRIUS H S 32 A I C hannels, 450 k S/sec @ 28.8 M B/sec 8 A I C hannels + 1 C ounter, 1000 k S/sec @ 20 M B/sec Power Power s upply 9 - 36 V D C Connector3-pin L EMO m ale Power c onsumptionTyp. 4.8 W (Max. 6.8 W ) (excl. S IRIUS® s lices)R4rt o ptional E therCAT® s lave p ortMinimum d elay (analog i nput t o E therCAT® b us) 70 µs Minimum E therCAT® c ycle t ime 100 µsEnvironmentalOperating T emperature -10 t o 50°C Storage T emperature -40 t o 85°CHumidity 95 % R H n on c ondensing @ 50°C IP r atingIP20Shock & V ibrationVibration s weep s inus (EN 60068-2-6:2008)\ Vibration r andom (EN 60721-3-2: 1997 - C lass 2M2) Shock (EN 60068-2-27:2009) MIL-STD-810DPhysical Dimensions 276 x 251 x 150 m mWeight2.75 k g (excl. S IRIUS® s lices)4.10.5. S IRIUS-R2/R4: F ront s ideSIRIUS-R4 F ront s ide (SBOX R 4)On t he f ront s ide o f t he S IRIUS-R4 o r S BOXse y ou c an ﬁnd t hese c onnectors:SIRIUS ® V 21-281Name DescriptionLAN 2x E thernet 1 G bps, R J45 c onnectorWi-Fi RP-SMA F emale W LAN a ntenna: W iFi 802.11 b /g/nHDMI HDMI V ideo o ut GPS A NT SMA F emale G PS a ntenna EtherCAT 8-pin L EMO f emale c onnector PWR To s witch t he S BOX o no r o ff. GPS DSUB-9 f emale G PS c onnector OUT Power o ut 2-pin L EMO f emale c onnector SYNC 2x 4-pin L EMO m ale s ync c onnector IN Power i n 3-pin L EMO m ale c onnectorUSB 3.04x U SB 3.04.10.6. S IRIUS-R2/R4: R ear s ideSIRIUS-R4rt r ear s ideOn t he b ack s ide o f t he S IRIUS-R4 y ou c an ﬁnd t hese c onnectors:ImportantSee c hapter “EtherCAT® s lave p ort” f or d etails.SIRIUS ®V 21-282NameDescriptionAO 1 t o 8 Analog o ut B NC c onnectors (optional)EtherCAT I NEtherCAT® s lave p ort (optional)8-pin L EMO m ale c onnector EtherCAT O UTEtherCAT® s lave p ort (optional) 8-pin L EMO f emale c onnector4.10.7. S IRIUS-R2-HUB/R4-HUB: F ront s ideSIRIUS-R4-HUBSIRIUS ®V 21-283Name DescriptionSYNC 2x 4-pin L EMO m ale s ync c onnector GNDProtective G round b anana p lug a nd s crewconnectorUSB USB 2.0, U SB M ini B PWR Tos witch t he S ystem o n/off. INPower i n 3-pin L EMO m ale c onnector。

AirCheck G2 v2.0.0 Release Notes说明书

AirCheck G2 version 2.0.0 Release NotesOctober 2017AirCheck G2 v2.0.0 Release Notes briefly describe the Bug Fixes included in the release, along with Known Issues to be aware of. It also includes a reference to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ).Upgrading to Version 2.0Upgrading from 1.1.1 to 2.0 is straightforward, however there are several recommended steps that you can take to further minimize the chances for problems. Following these steps will ensure important data is not lost when transitioning to the new build.e the AirCheck G2 Manager application to export and save any screen captures or session filesoff your unit prior to upgrading.2.Ensure you have saved a backup copy of all AirCheck G2 profiles, and session files you may havecreated, upgrading the unit will migrate files to a 2.0 format, and should you need 1.x versions in the future you will need to use the archived copies.3.Before upgrading your 1.x AirCheck G2 to 2.0, we recommend that you ensure you are running1.1.1. Upgrading directly from 1.0.0 is possible, but upgrading from 1.1.1 is recommended.4.After performing steps 1 – 3 as applicable, you should then update your AirCheck G2 Managersoftware to the 2.0 version.5.Finally after updating your AirCheck G2 Manager Software to 2.0, attach your 1.1.1 AirCheck G2to your computer using the USB cable and update it to the v2.0 firmware.Version 2.0 New FeaturesThe AirCheck G2 v2.0 release brings enhancements to existing AirCheck G2 features as well as new features never before seen in an AirCheck tester.New and Updated FeaturesPerformance Testing with iPerfQuickly and easily test the throughput on your network by conducting iPerf tests from an AirCheck G2 to an iPerf server. The iPerf test allows a user to validate the throughput on their network at a given location.The tester uses the industry standard performance measuring tool iPerf in either UDP or TCP mode of operation. Tests can be conducted with a customer’s iPerf server they install themselves on their own or utilizing our new Test Accessory.IPerf results are logged to your session file and can be saved and reviewed by using the AirCheck G2 Manager software.iPerf ConfigurationA new configuration area is available in the AirCheck G2 settings: iPerf Settings. Additional new iPerf thresholds are available for configuration in the Thresholds area.iPerf SettingsProtocoliPerf tests can be run for TCP traffic or UDP. Allperformance tests will be run based upon the traffictype selected here.PortConfigures the port to be used for the iPerf traffic.Test DurationConfigures the amount of time (in seconds) for the iPerftest to run. The test runs an uplink followed by adownlink test. This duration is for the total time of bothtests, so the default 20s setting will result in a 10s uplink followed by a 10s downlink test. ThresholdsThis is not a setting but instead is a link to the AirCheck G2 Thresholds configuration screen.Remote Battery TypeThis sets what battery type is present in a Test Accessory. The AirCheck will use this information to give the most accurate reading possible for the remaining battery level of your Test Accessories. Running an iPerf Performance TestAn iPerf test can be conducted by following these steps:1.Connect to a network or an AP as before2.After a successful connection, a newbutton is available at the bottom of thescreen titled “iPerf Test”. Tap thatbutton. The Select iPerf Server screenwill now display.3.You can now select what iPerf serveryou would like to use. You can tap inthe space next to “iPerf Server” tomanually enter the IP address of theiPerf server you would like to testagainst, or you can select from a list ofdetected Test Accessories at the bottomand then tap “Done”. For furtherinformation on configuring iPerf serversand managing Test Accessories pleaserefer to the User Guide.4.Tap “Start” at the bottom of the screento begin your iPerf test. The test will runfor the configured amount of time, andresults will be marked pass/fail basedupon the configured threshold.Captive Portal SupportCustomers asked and we listened, users can now conduct all their AirCheck testing even on public facing networks that feature a captive portal.A new configuration item is available in the AirCheck G2 Network Configuration screen. For a given network, you can set Captive Portal to be On or Off for that network.When attaching to a network configured as a captive portal network, the AirCheck G2 will open a web browsing screen for the user to provide any necessary interaction.Important Notes:•Some web pages contain small features (such as check boxes) that can be difficult to accurately interact with unless the page is zoomed in.•Secondary pop-up windows (such as opening a Terms and Conditions form) that open off the main Captive Portal page are not supported.Authorization ClassesOne of our popular AirCheck G1 features is now available on the AirCheck G2. Users can now mark APs as Authorized, Unauthorized, Neighboring, or Flagged. APs can be sorted by authorization class, and the updated AutoTest can now report on any APs that have been marked as Unauthorized or Flagged that are heard during the test scan. [Please note, Rogue AP for AutoTest is on by default after upgrading from 1.x to 2.0.] In addition, users can set up a ‘default’ setting to be used for any APs heard that do not already have an assigned Authorization class. If ‘None’ is selected, then no ACL will be assigned and that AP will not indicate any ACL icons in the AP listings.Interferer Detection and ClassificationSometimes the problem isn’t the Wi-Fi, it’s the other devices in your area. Get a view into what other technologies are in your airspace by detecting interferers such as Microwave ovens or wireless cameras. The AirCheck G2 will use its wi-fi radio to detect interfering technologies in the environment and attempt to identify them. Interferer events are categorized by the AirCheck G2 radio as it scans through the bands. Based upon the readings it receives during the scan, if the AirCheck G2 believes the devices is operating with enough power and regularity to interfer with your Wi-Fi Network, it will attempt to identify an interfering device and (if identified) an interferer event will be logged.Various Small EnhancementsChannel OverlapUsers have requested the ability to visualizethe channels and how they overlap witheach other. This view is now available atthe tap of a button from the Channelsscreen.Supported Rates vs. Basic RatesAnother common request was to separate the rates information the AirCheck provides on an AP into Supported vs. Basic rates, so that the user could see explicitly how the AP was configured. We’ve made this change to the AP Details screen, so both pieces of information are now available.Save a Packet CaptureNow when saving a session file, the user also has the option to save that information as a PCAP. The capture file is automatically set to slice packets at 512 length. Packet capture files can be exported from the unit via a supported USB thumb drive.Version 2.0.0 Bug FixesDE14857 Upgrading firmware via the AirCheck G2 Manager no longer causes an error message of: “Error transferring AirCheck G2 firmware file”DE15486 After disconnecting from AirCheck G2 Manager and rebooting, the AirCheck G2 no longer will occasionally show AutoTest, Ethernet Test and soft keys as disabled (greyedout).DE15659 If a Profile is created/edited in AirCheck G2 Manager with multiple security certificates and at least one Network, and that Profile is transferred to an AirCheck G2 and thatNetwork is edited within the AirCheck G2, the first certificate in the Profile’s list is nolonger automatically assigned to that Network.Version 2.0.0 Known IssuesDE14570 AirCheck G2 Manager does not apply grouping of virtual APs (BSSIDs on the same AP radio). Therefore the AP count shown in AirCheck G2 with virtual AP grouping enabledmay not match the AP count in AirCheck G2 Manager.DE14604 If AutoTest connects to a hidden network, Network Coverage will show 0 APs. This will cause the connection test to fail when using the default threshold for Network Coverage.You can adjust this threshold in Settings / Thresholds to avoid this.DE15401 If a negative signal adjustment causes the signal level to exceed the -99 dBm minimum level limit, Signal/Noise Ratio (SNR) readings may be incorrect.DE15466 Link-Live does not report channel utilization for wireless connection tests.DE15541 If the AirCheck G2 is set to scan on only one channel, it is possible that a Connect to Network test can connect to the network on a different channel. 802.11 Types reportedto Link-Live might be missing in this scenario.DE17209 After running an Ethernet or iPerf test the * will appear next to the profile name indicating a change to the profile despite the user not changing profile characteristics.This occurs due to “last used” information being saved to a profile by the unitautomatically.DE17343 If a 2.0 unit is downgraded to 1.1.1, the unit should be reset to factory defaults before upgrading again to 2.0 to prevent the first test result to fail Link-Live archiving.DE17394 Changing the Date or Time on the unit puts it into a very slow scanning state which can only be recovered by rebooting the unit.Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)For a list of FAQ and answers, please log into your link-live account and visit https://app.link-/support. Select the AirCheck G2 article.。

力控科技力夺2008年最佳产品奖

应英特尔公司的邀请，研祥集团、上
海交通大学、北京网御神州等业内知名企业和院校的专家、学者参加了此次论坛。对于英特尔嵌入式部门来讲，Ｔｏａａｌｐｉ是具有里程碑意义的产品。同样，对于与英特尔公司保持长期战略合作伙伴关系
＂
ｌｅ口Ｔｒｎｄ０ＩＩ ‘ ０＂４ｅＩ员ＩＩ会之窗贝圆ｒａａ
～。．
…
ＱｉＡｓｓ技术的引入使安全领域、ＶｌｕｃｓｔｋｉｏＰ领域等用户可以获得最高的性能能耗比。另外，Ｔｏａａ的核心仍然是英特尔架构，ｌｐｉ它保持了标准ＰＣ之间的兼容性，因此，任何一个在标准ＰＣ上可以运行的操作系统，都可以在Ｔｌｐｉ运行。ｏａａ上
成教学实验设备，辅助高等院校实验教
活的扩展结构可满足各种需求，具备广
泛的安全性和可跟踪性。
学，演示实际工业设备常用的传动与控制系统机理，开拓学生学科视野和培养
学生工程实践能力。
罗升新形象聚焦国际机床展
现在机床产业，罗升企业将 “ 优秀的企做业公民作为自己立身于中国的基础，积
统的开放式实时数据库系统，产品为完
全的分布式结构，可任意组建应用模式１支持ＣＳ和ＢＳ／／应用；它可以提供丰富的
极参与了众多领域的活动，包括教育和

《电力建设施工质量验收规程第2部分：锅炉机组》

电力建设施工质量验收规程第2部分：锅炉机组前言本规程是根据《国家能源局关于下达2014年第二批能源领域行业标准制（修）订计划的通知》（国能科技〔2015〕12号）的要求，在原《电力建设施工质量验收及评价规程第2部分锅炉机组》DL/T5210.2-2009和《电力建设施工质量验收及评价规程第8部分加工配制》DL/T5210.8-2009基础上修订的。

《电力建设施工质量验收规程》DL/T5210共6个部分：——DL/T 5210.1 第1部分土建工程——DL/T 5210.2 第2部分锅炉机组——DL/T 5210.3 第3部分汽轮发电机组——DL/T 5210.4 第4部分热工仪表及控制装置——DL/T 5210.5 第5部分焊接——DL/T 5210.6 第6部分火电机组调整试验本部分是DL/T 5210的第2部分。

本规程共14章和4个附录，主要内容包括：总则、术语、基本规定、施工质量验收范围划分表、施工质量验收通用表格及记录签证清单、锅炉本体安装、锅炉除尘装置安装、锅炉燃油系统设备及管道安装、锅炉辅助机械安装、输煤设备安装、烟气脱硫设备安装、烟气脱硝装置安装、锅炉炉墙砌筑、加工配制等。

附录A、附录B、附录C、附录D为规范性附录。

本规程由中国电力企业联合会提出。

由电力行业火电建设标准化技术委员会归口。

本规程主要起草单位：中国电建集团核电工程公司、中国能源建设集团天津电力建设有限公司、中国能源建设集团安徽电力建设第一工程有限公司。

本规程参加起草单位：中国电建集团河南工程公司、中国能源建设集团湖南火电建设有限公司、四川电力建设三公司、中国能源建设集团浙江火电建设有限公司、上海电力建设有限责任公司、山东诚信工程建设监理有限公司、中国电力建设工程咨询有限公司。

本规程主要起草人：李鹏庆、张耸、张所庆、贾广明、谢鸿钢、马骁、李俊、曾易成、朱春宝、刘保忠、姚建民、黄庆国、由庆山、徐耀兵、李长翔、付连兵、龙晓周本规程主要审查委员:王立、孙家华、曹生堂、张朝霞、段建林、黄龙平、吴利中、沈建、李双国、罗彬红、张忠华、李强、周明钢、吕永文、郑蓓、魏洪瑞、王宝华、赵子成、李青山庞力平、党小建、辛忠富、李立平本规程自发布实施之日起，原国家能源局颁发的2009年发布的《电力建设施工质量验收及评价规程第2部分：锅炉机组》及《电力建设施工质量验收及评价规程第8部分：加工配制》废止。

WWDC 2008发布现场苹果CEO乔布斯演讲全文

WWDC 2008发布现场苹果CEO乔布斯演讲全文一堆媒体挤在门口等待进入8:43AM PT - 我们正在Moscone Center排队，这次等待满多的时间，因为我们来的太早了。

媒体们都带着MBA....期待等下的转播吧～9:16AM -大家都驻足在发表会入口前了，没这么多人一起呼喊爱风爱风...9:37AM - 大家都杀进来了！9:46AM -这...有种被赶羚羊的感觉。

现场的音乐又是那堆老套，从Gnarles Barkley, Coldplay, Gorillaz 开始...9:51AM -门口一整个鱼贯，场内近乎上千名与会者，所以看来要等一会。

高尔都来了！10:02AM PT -好的，人们接踵而到，不过还没看到贾伯伯。

会场宣布：请大家把手机、iphone、pda全都关掉，发表会将在几分钟内开始。

10:06AM PT -灯光关掉了、音乐结束了、贾伯斯上台了！10:07AM PT -开始啦！首先还是谈谈老调，苹果三个主要事业体，Mac、音乐iPod iTunes、还iPhone...不过今天就只聊iPhone...有些人不能跟我们一同参与，真是给他乱可惜的。

这一周算是给他一整个丰富，包括147 场各项训练，85 场跟Mac 有关，62 场跟iPhone 有关，另外还有169 动手玩的实验室。

总共1000 为苹果工程师，iFund 还有跟Intel相关的场次。

相信这将会是最棒的一次WWDC。

今天早上能够在这，真的让人感到相当开心，总共有破纪录的5200 位与会者，整个比演唱会还嗨...10:10AM PT - 让我们来聊聊iphone，一开始是我们的新软件，iphone 2.0平台，苹果一个伟大的进步，我们在今年三月释出程序，仅仅95天已经有超过25万次SDK的下载，有25000人为该程序付费，可惜我们无法满足所有人，我们仅允许4000人使用该程序。

"iphone 2.0 软件包过三个部份：企业支持、SDK、以及新的使用者功能，让我们从企业端开始大家知道Exchange，大家都知道我们已经完成，包括push email、日历、联络人、RSS自动显示、全球地址定位、远程遥控...除此之外我们还和思科合作进行VPN服务，也能满足企业所需的安全性，每件功能我们都建进去了。

新鲜日本2008春季新品

号为ｗ× ３Ｋ的折叠手机则具备一些中低端产品的特色。该机不仅内３Ｏ
．
１０万像素摄像头。３
■■■■■■■■●●
网络制式
１尺寸
ＰＳＨ
１０５ｍ ×５ｒｍ×１３ｒａ０ａ５ｅｎｍ
ｌ
１
重量
１２１ｇ
Ｉ
简称。它可以根据电波状况自动选择更高速的调制方式。除了现
有调制解调方式ＱＰＫＱｕｄａｕｅＳ（ａｔｒｒ
客ＰＬＡＴＥ是自ＮＴＴ的ＸＷＲＩＯＭＯ以来第二款支持中国ＳＴＰ用ＳＭ卡的小灵通。ＨＳＩ
．
只是新搭载了红外线功能
可与其他终端机之间进行数据传输
如地址
簿
、
图片等
一
。
尽管如此
，
这款没有内置摄像头的直板手机在其他功能方面
还是体现了
定的实力
。
装载有 2 0 英寸Q V G A 分辨率液晶屏
b 网页或
槽
通话时背面W lL LC O M 的标记也会发光
。
KES 9
版
+
—
作为 W l L L C O M 在 2 0 0 6 年年底发售的W
，
S IM 直板机 9 (
n
in
e
) 的升级
．
这次亮相的
“
9

2008台北电脑展

也是 4 G 的关键技术之
一
这
。
如在屏幕屏幕上会
。，Βιβλιοθήκη AMDAMD推出旗下首个计算机品牌
推出首个面向中小企业的商业级电脑
s s
显示 5 条独立的线条
品牌 B u s in e
C la
s s
，
这也是 A M D 的第
C la
s s
一
个计
数
_ — —
算机品牌
。
B
u s in e s s n o m
台式电脑将
采用 A M D P he
X3 三
no m
菇菘理器
n
、
A MD Phe
I ‘I盼 i
一
功
X4 四 A t h lo
核处理器和
AMD
。
英
焦光
X 2 双核处理器等
2 06
．
亿部
。
、
9
“ ““ ’
”
… A
。
。
．矿盈
气翅＼
。
的冲击更严重
．
现在我们对消费者的把握及
法宝群
．
相信惠普
的购买者椽本享受不到任何优秀的售后服务在巨大风险
”
，
营销手段上能比拟
”
，
其他的厂商不
∞
一 -
／一
—
。
J ‘ ’ -
＼
…
■
艘
．。．
"i
i
■
Z

macOSCatalinaPatcher（在旧mac上安装Catalina系统工具）v1.3.0

macOSCatalinaPatcher（在旧mac上安装Catalina系统⼯具）v1.3.0有没有可以给旧的Mac系统上安装MacOS Catalina最新系统软件呢？macOS Catalina Patcher是⼀款macOS Catalina修补程序，可以在旧mac上安装最新的Catalina系统⼯具。

可以让在不受⽀持的情况下，在旧的mac上安装Catalina系统，⽀持多种设备，是在不受⽀持的Mac上运⾏macOS Catalina的简单⽅法喜欢的朋友千万不要错过！macOS Catalina PatchermacOS Catalina Patcher安装⽅法MacOS Mojave Patcher⼯具下载完成后，双击【macOS Catalina Patcher】进⾏安装。

macOS Catalina Patcher重要信息APFS BootROM⽀持：如果有⼀台本机⽀持High Sierra的计算机，则必须确保已安装系统的BootROM的最新版本。

如果以前尚未安装High Sierra，则可以下载并安装此软件包以安装最新的BootROM版本。

安装时，请确保系统已接通电源，否则将不会安装更新。

已知的问题：AMD / ATI Radeon HD 5xxx和6xxx系列图形加速：⽬前，在任何使⽤Radeon HD 5xxx或6xxx系列GPU的计算机上，在Catalina下都⽆法实现完整的图形加速。

如果您有⼀台装有以下GPU之⼀的计算机，建议您进⾏升级（可以在2010/2011 iMacs，iMac11，x-12，x中完成），如果使⽤2011 15“则禁⽤专⽤GPU或17英⼨MacBook Pro，或者未安装Catalina。

在没有完整图形加速的情况下运⾏Catalina将导致系统性能极差。

2008 Mac Pro 3,1 AMD GPU⽀持：⾃Catalina Patcher 1.2.0起已修复。

2008年,Google的时代

2008年,Google的时代
董青
【期刊名称】《网络传播》
【年(卷),期】2009(000)004
【摘要】为了报复哈马斯火箭弹对斯德洛特城的袭击，2008年12月27日，以色列出动战机对加沙地面进行空袭，以此来轰炸乃至清除加沙地带的哈马斯武装人员，至少让处于巴勒斯坦核心地带的加沙城巴抵抗人员，产生被报复的恐惧感。

空袭当中，至少1300人丧生，当中多数是妇女和儿童。

当然，Google在此一信息流通过程中作用显著．根据《洛杉矶时报》的报道，哈马斯武装人员不能够站在地面上足够长的时间以袭击斯德洛特城，否则就会被以色列的战机撕成碎片。

因此，【总页数】2页(P82-83)
【作者】董青
【作者单位】四川师范大学外语学院
【正文语种】中文
【相关文献】
1.后GoogleScholar时代新的学术利器——百度学术搜索 [J], 谢奇;关晶;杨错
2.Google的2008年计划 [J], 王秀华
3.两种适用于教学的概念图工具播客--网络时代的广播新武器巧用Excel模拟数学实验三招两式，打造教师Word图像处理平台GoogleEarth及其在地理教学中的应用播客——网络时代的广播新武器 [J], 李红艳
4.知识经济时代完善我国著作权合理使用制度的启示——基于Google图书案 [J],
秦梦圆
5.Businessweek 2008年2月12日Nokia vs Google：战争升级 [J],
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

每一区域的分拣频率不同每一区域的分拣频率不同
0.6 0.5
0.41 0.46
分拣频率（每一区域） 0.57
C 区
0.4 0.3
办公室
A B
0.22 0.15
区
0.2
货
A 区
B 区
0.1
月
C
+1 月
0.12
拣
+2 月
A 区分拣频率 16% + C 区分拣频率 10根据自身的管理需求进行预（实际应用中，更可以根据自身的管理需求进行预
5. air-WOS – 主要特点
对各种因子进行分析
因子
▶ 现有库存区域货品 (大, 中，小) 库存数量储位负荷率储位拣货频率库存分布
库存监控
按区域查看库存
每一货品的平均日拣货数量
▶ 按每一货品 - 按每一货品的拣货数量/次数 - 按每一储位的拣货数量/次数 - ABC分类 (定制) - 货品储存时间 - 每日拣货次数 - 长期库存 - 按权重系数计算平均频率（系数可自定义）
air-WOS
利用3D仿真&监控技术,构建全面创新的WMS系统
目录
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
WOS需求 air-WOS – 系统 air-WOS – 概述 air-WOS – 主要特点 air-WOS – 效果
1. WOS的需求
WMS & WOS
WOS
仓库优化管理系统
仓库控制货物移动
WMS
仓库管理系统
在2个月内，明显改进仓库生产率
使老板 & 员工满意!
• • • • 在一个界面监控全部仓库，实现全球可视界面友好的仓库管理，免去繁琐的数据分析过程改进员工的作业效率最大化仓库利用率
最大化WMS效果!
• 强化&改进已有的WMS • 增强已有WMS系统的可视性
对于正在寻找知名WMS厂商或已经使用了WMS的企业而言，air-WOS 是一个优秀的解决方案！
61M
70M
平均拣选时间平均拣选时间
缩短工作时缩短工作时间间
7. 强化版WMS=air-WOS 强化版WMS=air-WOS
分析/ 管理工具工作管理仓库监控 Level 4 RF (自动化) Level 储位重新设计标准化 Level 2 库存管理 Level 1 上架/ 分拣
仿真前
分析最近3个月的分拣频次
仿真后
分拣频次仿真后的优化
5. air-WOS – 主要特点
界面友好的报告功能
空储位的比率储位负荷率 (除掉空储位以外) 长期库存的数量每一区域的长期库存按储位区分的长期库存每一区域的CBM (按立方吨储存) 平均的分拣距离每一储位的分拣频次，重量
6. 效果
1
实时数据
优化
2
仿真结果
1
实时数据
2
仿真结果
W W M M S S
5
WMS (所有类型的WMS系统)
工作结果
3
工作单
5
工作结果
3
工作单
Wareho Wareho use use
4 RF 工作
4 RF 工柞
4. air-WOS –概述
3D
• 通过3D监控技术,可以进行直观的分析和处理 • 强大的查询功能 • 关于储位&库存的详细信息 • 基于不同管理策略的制定,得出详细的分析及仿真结果
通过提高空储位比率和已有储位的负荷率来改进储位的管理!
储位负荷率 (空储位除外）
已存货储位比率
空储位 74% 69% 22%
月
30%
+2月 +2月
月
+2月 +2月
空储位的比率储位负荷率
8% 5%
+ +
有效的储位管理
6. 效果
把分拣频率高的货品转移到拣货区附近/把长期储存的货品移到远离拣货区的区域
5. air-WOS – 主要特点
简单 & 便捷的3D 工具
通过3D图形技术,仅需要40个系统预设的图形通过3D图形技术,仅需要40个系统预设的图形即可以快速仿真一个超过1500个的储位仓库. 即可以快速仿真一个超过1500个的储位仓库.
设，对图形和储位数量无任何限制）设，对图形和储位数量无任何限制）
Email : yuko@ Mobile : 13482875115 Tel : +86-21-32210191/92/93/90-1013 Fax : +86-21-32210191/92/93/90-1010
20
业务范围
收入 & 资本金总部地址
上海市长寿路1076号飞雕商务大厦7层
11. 资格 & 授权
技术合作伙伴
资格 & 授权
12.联系我们
上海世联信息技术有限公司
iColl Information Technology Co., Ltd.
吴婷 YUKO
客户代表 Customer Representative
库存天数
5. air-WOS – 主要特点
使用3D工具拖、拉工作单
您能使用3D工具的拖拉功能执行操作，对视图进行直接操作
5. air-WOS – 主要特点
简单 & 快捷的仿真
1分钟实现仿真－简单 & 快捷
1. 2. 3. 选择要移动的目标货品（按制定的规则）选择目标储位（按制定的规则）选择仿真策略（可自定义策略）
业务范围
14F Poonglim Bldg., 823 Yeoksam1-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul, Korea 135-784
10. 关于世联
CEO 员工数网站主页衣同波 55名（2007年）软件与解决方案 •Smart系列第三方物流管理软件 •Suntone系列运输管理软件 •物流中心、第三方物流企业、大型运输集团等的全面解决方案咨询服务 •物流管理咨询与IT咨询 •WMS/WOS/VMS的实施咨询服务 •外包 & 系统集成/企业咨询 •ASP 服务解决方案集成与外包服务收入资本金 :Y 10 Mil (2007) : Y 2 .5 Mil
9. 关于emFrontier
社长投资方网站主页 Sanghun Kim 韩泰轮胎解决方案 •air-WOS(仓库优化管理系统) •air-IPS(智能资产管理系统) •EZ Solution (电子商务开发解决方案, 基于PDA的移动商务开发解决方案, •Web报表开发解决方案) 企业外包服务 •外包 & 系统集成/企业咨询 •ASP 服务 IT解决方案集成 •ERP, SCM, MES, CRM, etc 收入 & 资本金总部地址收入资本金 : $ 41 Mil (2006) : $ 2 Mil
通过将拣选频率高的货物提前移至拣货区附近，减少分拣作业时间!
分拣时间 (箱)
Picking Time
分拣距离
21 Min 办公室 18 Min
15 Min 12 Min
区
15 Min 12 Min 月 +1 月
拣
选
+2 月
平均移动距离平均移动距离
9M(13%) 9M(13%) 3Min(20%) 3Min(20%) -
图形化仓库管理
智能化决策支持
• 储位负荷率,分拣频率,长期库存等关键因子的管理
WOS
• 现有管理状态的图形化显示 • 支持KPI模型分析
互动性
仓库优化
• 支持仓库内的库存移动&储位调整仿真 • 上架&储位优化规则设定 • 拣货、转储规则设定
• 与ERP & 已有系统集成 • 通过已有的WMS和数据界面独立进行管理，数据实时更新，与WMS保持一致
库存控制
货物管理
计划和监控
为节约管理&人力成本，即时决策，需要更强的功能& 特点
2. WMS VS WOS
WMS
(仓库管理系统) 管理
WOS
(仓库优化管理系统) 优化管理
数据
货物信息
视图
×
可视化
可视化
3. air-WOS – 系统
3D 图形化监控关键因子
分析
仿真
W W O O S S
链接界面
ERP
库存状态监控
Level
5
储位
库存调整仿真
RF (自动化) 储位重新设计标准化库存管理上架/ 分拣
WOS
库存移动工作单
3
管理 – 工作类型工作管理 – 时间&员工
库存管理上架/ 分拣
WMS
<Source : Gartner Group 2000>
8. 结论
WOS效果!