2015年西安电子科技大学863管理经济学考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题
621英语水平测试-电子科技大学2015硕士入学考试真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目:621英语水平测试注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are 5 passages, each with some questions or incomplete statements. Read them carefully and then choose from the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D to answer the questions or complete the statements. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Oh no, not Anthony Weiner again.The older generation never gets it. Anthony Weiner, a candidate for mayor of New York, admitted this week to having sent more snaps of himself to a digital acquaintance. As any youngster could have told him, the way to find love is to send photos of your face.Consider Will, a 24-year-old up-and-coming film director in California. He meets potential dates via a smartphone app called Tinder. It finds potential matches who are nearby—your phone always knows where you are—and shows him photos from their Facebook profiles. Will can like or reject each photo. If a woman he likes also likes him, both are alerted and can start chatting.Tinder is quick (you can scroll through dozens of photos in minutes) and spares your blushes (you never know if someone rejects you). Will has already had three romantic encounters and hundreds of matches, he says. Justin Mateen, a co-founder of Tinder, says it has made 100m matches since its launch in September, and led to 50 marriage proposals. He adds: “The app has only really been going for nine months. There could be a baby popping out soon.”Americans are dating longer, which creates opportunities for matchmakers. Some are quite direct.Bang with Friends (BWF), another app, allows users to specify which of their Facebook friends they would like to spend the night with. If both parties feel the same way, BWF notifies them. If not, no one is any the wiser. BWF was booted from Apple’s app store, but that hasn’t stopped it from creating 200,000 pairings since its January launch. BWF’s boss, admits he came up with the concept while “a bit tipsy”.Such apps make it easier to find potential partners, but don’t seem to have turned America into a nation of bed-hoppers. Young women claim to have had a median of 3.6 male intimate friends while young men 6.1 female ones. These figures may be inaccurate—men may exaggerate; women may undercount—but they have not changed much in years.Parents fret that staring at screens all day has made youngsters socially inept face-to-face. A第1 页共12 页survey by two dating sites found that 36-38% of Americans aged 21-34 ask for dates by text message. But when they meet, they must still make their moves in person. Witty joking and a well-placed wink still have their uses.1. It can be summarized from the first three paragraphs that _________.A. we used to judge a potential match by his or her appearanceB. one can find love by sending his photos to a digital acquaintanceC. Anthony Weiner is trying to win more votes from digital friendsD. Tinder will probably replace traditional matchmakers worldwide2. The sixth paragraph is focused on _________.A. the huge success that BWF has achievedB. the serious consequence of digital datingC. the evolution of matchmaking in the U.S.D. the future developments of Facebook3. The last paragraph implies that _________.A. excessive use of apps leaves youngsters socially awkwardB. most young people find love through text messagesC. people in love often move their homes before marriageD. verbal or non-verbal language is still used during dates4. Potential matches found by Tinder are probably _________.A. young, single, and nearbyB. poor, married, but lonelyC. illiterate, retired, but divorcedD. far-away, busy, and happyPassage 2The human body contains enormous quantities of energy. In fact, the average adult has as much energy stored in fat as a one-ton battery. That energy fuels our everyday activities, but what if those actions could in turn run the electronic devices we rely on? Today, innovators around the world are banking on our potential to do just that.Movement produces kinetic energy, which can be converted into power. In the past, devices that turned human kinetic energy into electricity, such as hand-cranked radios, computers and flashlights, involved a person’s full participation. But a growing field is tapping into our energy without our even noticing it.Consider, for example, a health club. With every step you take on a treadmill and with every muscle curl, you turn surplus calories into motion that could drive a generator and produce electricity. The energy from one person’s workout may not be much, but 100 people could contribute significantly to a facility’s power needs.That’s the idea behind the Green Microgym in Portland, Oregon, where machines likes tationary bikes harvest energy during workouts. Pedaling turns a generator, producing electricity that helps to power the building. For now, body energy supplies only a small fraction of the gym’s needs, but the amount should increase as more machines are adapted. “By being extremely energy-efficient and combining human power, solar and someday wind, I believe we’ll be able to be net-zero for electricity sometime this year,” says the gym’s owner, Adam Boesel. His bikes, by the way, aren’t the flirts to put pedal power to work. In some parts of the world, cyclists have been powering safety第2 页共12 页lights for years with devices called bicycle dynamos, which use a generator to create alternating current with every turn of the wheels.Dance clubs are also getting in on the action. In the Netherlands, Rotterdam’s new Club WATT has a floor that harnesses the energy created by the dancers’ steps. For now, it’s just enough to power LED lights in the floor, but in the future, more output is expected from newer technology.5. Using human body energy as power supplies _________.A. requires us to be strongB. is a great new ideaC. proves to be difficultD. is increasingly popular6. It can be learned that the Green Microgym _________.A. is using human, solar and wind power to produce electricityB. is the first to use bikes to harvest human body energyC. will be able to satisfy its power needs by using green energyD. will introduce the technology to other parts of the world7. What is the author’s most likely comment on the application of body energy?A. It is unrealistic at present.B. It has a promising future.C. Its effect is still unknown.D. It depends on the energy cost.Passage 3The first of Laurence Smith’s two weddings was meant to take place in the midwinter snow not far south of the Arctic Circle. The second foresaw balmy blue skies in Palm Springs, California. As it turned out, the guests were greeted by rain and slush in the far north, then by a chill and more rain in the Californian desert.If the weather is capable of surprising him, why should anyone trust Mr. Smith’s forecast for 2050? Because the growing freakiness of weather is precisely his point. Climate change is one of four mega-trends, along with globalization, population growth and surging demand for natural resources, that he thinks will shape the world over the coming decades. The first part of his book The New North: The World in 2050 is a familiar tale of teeming cities, roaring trade, harder-to-get-at oil and rising sea levels.But Mr. Smith comes into his own when he explores the consequences of these trends (climate change especially) for the quarter of the Earth that lies at latitudes above 45°N. A geographer at the University of California, Los Angeles, he specializes in the frozen lands of Russia, Canada, Alaska and Iceland. The region is about to undergo a great transformation.The planet’s warming may be global, but climate-change models predict it will be amplified in the north. Permafrost will melt and settlement patterns will change. Inland, construction will become trickier and ice roads less dependable, so development will gravitate to the coasts. By mid-century the Arctic Ocean may be briefly free of sea ice in September, a boon to shipping. Crops will spread north as seal hunters become farmers.Interest in the region’s vast and increasingly accessible natural resources is already growing, along with the potential for conflict over the rights to these riches. Mr. Smith believes there is every chance that the development of the “new north” will be peaceful, thanks to habits of cooperation and第3 页共12 页an internationally accepted rule book for laying down rights to the seabed. He sees a leading role for the region’s indigenous peoples.By 2050 the answers to some very big questions should be clear: what happens to the north’s massive stocks of carbon in the soil as it defrosts; whether great schemes to channel freshwater from north to south are attempted; how populous, resource-hungry China works with Russia’s emptying, resource-rich Far East. Mr. Smith reckons an area about one and a half times the size of the United States will be habitable, albeit for much of the year still cold and dark. The development of the new north, he thinks, might resemble that of the American West, dotted with settlements formed for mining and trade.Obscuring the view of 2050, however, is a caveat that looms as large as an Arctic iceberg. Mr. Smith sets ground rules that allow him to extrapolate into the future without worrying about disruptions such as game-changing leaps in technology. This is an “informed thought-experiment”rather than a proper prediction. But for anyone curious about the new north—let alone thinking of investing in Arctic derivatives—it is an instructive exercise.8. The word “boon” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by _________.A. prohibitionB. prosperityC. benefitD. catastrophe9. According to Laurence Smith, the following are all very likely to happen in the future decadesEXCEPT _________.A. The local people in the “new north” will benefit from the climate changeB. The development of the “new north” will be on a peaceful processC. The natural resources in the “new north” will be able to exploitedD. The large amounts of carbon in the “new north” soils will be safely controlled10. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The author takes a skeptical attitude towards Laurence Smith’s predictions of the Arctic.B. The author reckons Laurence Smith is somewhat optimistic in imagining the “new north”C. Laurence Smith did a lot of experiments in combining geographical predictions andeconomic development.D. Laurence Smith shares with the author that the future of the Article depends on ourawareness and actions.11. Which of the following titles is more appropriate for the passage?A. The Arctic: The de-icing ageB. Climate Change: Humankind’s futureC. A Day Dreamer: Laurence Smith’s new writing styleD. 2050: The end of the worldPassage 4The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as第4 页共12 页community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local”news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As to the first query. Consider how a so-called “factual” story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a story—promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.12. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _________.A. Interpreting the News.B. Choosing Facts.C. Subjective versus Objective Processes.D. Everything Counts.13. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of fifty available facts?A. His editor is prejudiced.B. Space is limited.C. The subject is not important.D. The newspaper is arbitrary.14. What is the least effective way of “slanting” news?A. Placement.B. Concentration.C. InterpretationD. His editor is prejudiced.15. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?A. It will influence the reader to continue.B. It will be the best way to write.C. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.D. It will gratify the editor.第5 页共12 页Passage 5One of the most pivotal moments in American literature occurred near the end of the nineteenth century as authors such as a young man named Stephen Crane began to embrace a literary style forged in Europe a bit earlier and which would come to be known as naturalism. Crane was born to parents in the ministry and grew up in a household grounded in religious beliefs and context. Yet, before long, Crane had, for the most part, rejected religion and the idea of divine intervention in favor of a more hands-on approach to the world. As he began to develop as a writer, naturalist themes of man versus nature, the unrelenting power of nature, and an objective view of the world began to dominate his writing. Naturalists attempted to depict the most accurate view of life unadulterated and unobstructed by external commentary or spiritual intervention. Ultimately Crane’s masterful short story The Open Boat stands as one of the most complete and developed works of the naturalist genre.The first apparent element of naturalism in The Open Boat is its subject matter—a shipwreck. Being as true to life as possible is one of the most common goals of a naturalistic writer, and, in this short story, Crane is no exception. It did not come from Crane’s imagination. Rather, it stemmed from his personal experience. As a young war reporter, Crane was on his way from Florida to Cuba when his vesse1, the Commodore, encountered a violent tempest. Within hours, the ship had sunk, leaving a few lucky survivors on a tiny lifeboat to be subjected to the full of nature. Throughout the story Crane depicts scene after scene as if they were snapshots or a shorn film of what the men in the boat were up against. Through his prose, Crane is able to reveal the unadulterated brutal realism manifest in nature itself.As Crane continues with the theme of man versus nature in The Open Boat, the element of pessimism crucial to any naturalistic work, becomes quite apparent. The men are at the mercy of the storms and the seas and cannot do much to save themselves. In this sense, Crane reveals the indifference of nature and the universe in relation to the life or plight of human beings in general. It’s obvious to him that angels will not swoop down and save the unfortunate men. The situation of the shipwreck is ideal because ordinary, everyday people must face an extreme situation from which it is more than likely that they will perish. Crane continually creates a mood of impending doom and the punishing nature of the universe throughout the story. Along the way, he provides little commentary on the situation, forcing readers to place themselves immediately on the boat with the men while enforcing the dark tone of the story. But, even to Crane and most naturalist writers, all is not lost.While Crane’s work The Open Boat is a dark account of a chance situation that turns fatal for many, but not all, of the crew of the Commodore, it also sets forth the main elements of a naturalistic literary work at the turn of the twentieth century. Despite the fact that nature can be unrelenting and compassionless towards humans at any given moment, Crane ultimately shows how individuals still always have the capacity to strive together to overcome hardships and disaster. Furthermore, the accuracy and detail by Crane shun any possibility of a sugarcoated reality and reveals the true ferocity of nature as it is.16. Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph about Stephen Crane?第6 页共12 页A. He enjoyed the ministry and listening to preachers.B. He did not enjoy writing when he was young.C. He was rivaled by no other author of his time.D. He was not in tune with the beliefs of his parents.17. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlinedsentence in the first paragraph?A. Naturalists liked to place their own opinions on spirituality in their writing.B. Naturalists placed more emphasis on representing life as it appeared to them.C. Naturalists tried to embody the most precise view of life by looking to religion.D. Naturalists believed the life was obstructed by outside ambition and spirituality.18. According to the second paragraph, The Open Boat is important as a naturalist work because_________.A. it is true account taken from Crane’s own personal experienceB. the story is completely fabricated from Crane’s imaginationC. it is based on a series of events in a shipwreck that Crane heard ofD. it does not attempt to glorify Crane’s heroism against nature19. The author discusses nature in the third paragraph in order to _________.A. show how Crane believes divine power will save humanityB. note that nature itself is stronger than all of humankindC. indicate that nature does not care for strife among peopleD. reveal how it is pessimistic toward life on Earth20. According to the fourth paragraph, the men in the boat are significant because _________.A. they show that by banding together, human beings can surviveB. they represent the ultimate downfall of life according to CraneC. they allow fate to run its course and decide their own futureD. they discount nature and do not take it seriously until the endPart II Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.21. The general manager usually _________ a question before he gives his answer.A. pondersB. extractsC. imploresD. enlists22. His classmates dislike him for his _________ as he always boasts about his family.A. reclusionB. pomposityC. prideD. austerity23. The writer told several _________ about his colleagues and made everybody laugh.A. legendsB. mythsC. fablesD. anecdotes24. She must have been pretty _____ to fall for such an old trick.A. interestedB. gullibleC. enthusiasticD. shrewd25. This is the ______ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A. trueB. originalC. realD. genuine第7 页共12 页26. A lack of appetite may be ________ of a major mental or physical disorder.A. inquisitiveB. initiativeC. indicativeD. informative27. The self-image controls a person’s attitudes or _________ of what happens to her.A. interpretationsB. approachesC. commitmentsD. simulations28. By the year 2040, Yale University will need over eight acres of land to _________ its library.A. manipulateB. accommodateC. illuminateD. obligate29. If you don’t know where you’ re going in life, you are _________ to wind up somewhere else.A. possibleB. inevitableC. optionalD. liable30. As far as marriage is concerned, it is mutual care and love that _________.A. mountsB. discountsC. countsD. calculates31. If the ten amendments that _________ the Bill of Rights of the US Constitution were a familyof ten children, you wouldn’t want to be the Third.A. includeB. embraceC. compriseD. involve32. The person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be clearly informed that he has the right toremain _________.A. silentB. taciturnC. speechlessD. consent33. The road wound rather _________ into a valley, in which the Pemberley House was situated.A. unprecedentedlyB. abruptlyC. promptlyD. irreversibly34. There is some reason for not giving up my career and _________ a different one.A. taking inB. bringing aboutC. arising fromD. embarking on35. Their house was in close _________ to ours, so we became intimate friends in time.A. vicinityB. contactC. relationD. community36. What all this _________ rhetoric obscured was the lack of hard evidence that violent mediaactually turns children into killers.A. multiculturalB. innovativeC. hyperbolicD. interactive37. A(n) _________ reading approach to reading is a combination of approaches—global, analyticand synthetic—used to suit the convenience of the reader.A. literalB. innovativeC. liberalD. eclectic38. _________ with languages gives you an edge in many jobs and professional opportunities, butis especially valuable in fields such as advertising, business, education and foreign affairs.A. ThresholdB. FacilityC. SpecializationD. Accommodation39. Rather than dictate how I think it ought to work, I would tell my employees to _________something that will work.A. get back toB. get out ofC. come along withD. come up with40. The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed ________ theirinterrelationships.A. in terms ofB. in aspects ofC. in units ofD. in case ofPart III Cloze (20 points)Directions: Fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word to complete the passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.第8 页共12 页Passage A:A new report published on November 4th takes a different approach.GlobalWebIndex (GWI), a market-research firm 41 local partners in 32 countries, surveys 170,000 consumers a year and recently began to ask detailed questions about internet use. It 42 China and India in the top three for Facebook users. SimilarWeb, 43 does IP-based analysis, does not even put China in the top ten.One reason for the 44 is that in many developing markets devices are widely shared. Conversely, more than three-quarters of respondents in the GWI report said they used more than one 45 . 46 factor is the spread of virtual private networks (VPNs) and proxy servers, which 47 it possible to surf the web through a foreign server.Once restricted to the tech-literate, these are now common and easy to use. Chinese citizens who want to vault the Great Firewall to use Facebook can do so with a couple of clicks. Foreign fans of the BBC can use the 48 trick to watch its programs via iPlayer, supposedly barred 49 Britain. Since VPNs and proxy servers are clustered in 50 with favorable rules, such as Sweden and the Netherlands, any count of visits to such sites will be skewed. 41. ____________42. ____________43. ____________44. ____________45. ____________46. ____________47. ____________48. ____________49. ____________50. ____________Passage B:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, 51 do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.52 weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may 53 from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. 54 the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off 55 for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity 56 businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather 57 the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day’s stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs 58 people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has 59 to meet a deadline. In this 60 , these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one’s social life. 51. ____________52. ____________53. ____________54. ____________55. ____________56. ____________57. ____________58. ____________59. ____________60. ____________第9 页共12 页Part IV Paraphrasing (20 points)Directions: Paraphrase the underlined parts. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Consult any encyclopedia and you will find Charles Babbage credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer. (61) Dig deeper, however, and it quickly becomes apparent that Babbage had a lot of help.Others before him had already tried to build calculating contraptions, notably Gottfried Leibniz, a German mathematician. (62) Babbage held regular salons and founded clubs where his ideas were sharpened. And there was also Ada Lovelace, his collaborator and the world’s first computer programmer.The argument against the great man theory of invention is not new. (63) But the main merit of Walter Isaacson’s new book The Innovators is to show that this is particularly true in information technology—despite the customary lionization of many of its pioneers, from Babbage and Alan Turing to Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds.All appear in Mr. Isaacson’s book, which explains its length. Whether their worlds revolved around the computer itself, the microchip, software, the PC, the internet or everything in between—these are all stories that show that invention always has many fathers (and mothers). (64) In fact, those who tried to go it alone tended to fail.(65) Mr. Isaacson thinks geniuses are important but they have to be seen in the context of times they lived in and the people they collaborated with. John von Neumann was a Hungarian-born polymath who worked on the ENIAC, one of the first programmable machines. His name is associated by many with early advances in programming and software architecture. (66) But it was a group of women who were at the forefront of programming, because back then it often involved plugging in wires and throwing switches. “If the ENIAC’s administrators had known how crucial programming would be…they might have been more hesitant to give such an important role to women,” he quotes one of them, Jean Jennings, as saying.(67) The ENIAC also shines a light on another issue: how innovation should best be commercialized. In 1945 von Neumann published a paper summarizing the project’s ideas—making it impossible for others on the team to patent them. The debate over whether innovation is better served by sharing intellectual property or by protecting it has been heated.(68) Mr. Isaacson clearly thinks that innovation is all about getting the mix right, though he doesn’t put it quite that way. If a brilliant leader is too self-involved, as was the case with William Shockley, an American physicist who helped invent the transistor radio, things fall apart. (69) Similarly, teams that lack a willful visionary often falter, as happened after Steve Jobs left Apple. Groups with a wide variety of specialities and experiences do much better than a bunch of left-brainers.The Innovators has not quite lived up to its own advice of getting the mix right. (70) Mr. Isaacson could have dedicated more pages to what he calls “lessons from the journey”, rather than retelling at length stories that other books have already laid out, even if he does give them credit. Then again, just like great technology, a good book doesn’t just emerge from nowhere.第10 页共12 页。
电子科技大学2015年硕士研究生金融学综合考研真题_电子科技大学专业课真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：431 金融学综合注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、判断题，正确的标注“ü”，错误的标注“û”。
（每题 1 分，共 10 分）1、通常而言，未对信用贷款申请者进行信用记录审核的银行更加可能吸引到低质量的高风险客户，这反映了信贷过程中的“逆向选择（Adverse Selection）”问题。
（）2、某投资者声称“根本无法通过分析股票的历史信息而获得异常回报”，这说明该投资者是“弱式有效市场”的坚信者。
（）3、平均而言，创业板较之主板具有较高市盈率（Price-to-Earning Ratio, 简称PE Ratio）的原因在于，创业板市场的投资者更加非理性，从而导致高的市盈率。
（）4、套期保值者和投机者是金融市场上基本的两类投资者，而投机者的本质就是赌徒。
（）5、远期和期货属于风险对冲的工具，而期权和互换属于保险的工具。
（）6、根据组合选择理论，市场上存在无风险资产的情形下，不同投资者最优的风险资产组合并不依赖于其个人的风险偏好。
（）7、假设你当前建立3个月后到期的、5000蒲式耳的小麦期货空头，并缴纳$2,000的保证金。
第二天，该期货价格下跌5美分，那么你保证金账户的资金余额将为$2,000 + $250 =$2,250。
（）8、2014年5月29日，Apple公司股票的收盘价为每股$921/16。
假设现有以Apple公司股票为标的资产、执行价格为每股$120、到期日为2014年12月25日的看涨期权，那么，可以判断该看涨期权价格为零。
9、其它条件不变的情况下，标的资产的价格波动越大，看涨期权和看跌期权的价格都越高。
（）10、有限责任公司的股东相当于持有以公司资产为标的资产、到期债务总额为执行价格、债务到期日为到期日的一份看涨期权，债权人则相当于持有一份看跌期权。
（）二、单项选择（每题 3 分，共 45分）第 1 页共7 页第 2 页 共 7 页1、 每份美国国债的面值高达$100,000，现有一位投资者拟将手头的$1,000投资于美国国债。
813电磁场与电磁波-电子科技大学2015硕士入学考试真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合“电磁场与电磁波”试题 共 3 页 第 1 页电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：813 电磁场与电磁波注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
一、填空题（每空2分，共30分）1. 在介电常数02.5e e =的电介质中，已知电场强度23V/m x y z E e x e y e z =++r r r r，则介质中的自由电荷体密度为r = 3C /m 、极化（束缚）电荷体密度为p r = 3C /m 。
801-2015真题
西 安 电 子 科 技 大 学2015年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题考试科目代码及名称801半导体物理、器件物理与集成物理考试时间2014年12月28日下午（3小时）答题要求：所有答案（填空题按照标号写）必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上一律作废，准考证号写在指定位置第一部分 半导体物理（90分）一、填空（30分，每空1分）1.具有球形等能面的E-K 关系其电子的有效质量m n *是(1)，而具有非球形等能面时其电子的有效质量m n *一定是(2)，InSb 导带电子有效质量m n *是(3)。
有效质量m n *概括了(4)，从而将(5)直接联系起来，有效质量m n *可以通过(6)得到。
2.杂质参入半导体后以(7)或(8)方式存在，Si 和Ge 中的浅（杂质）能级是指施主能级(9)或者受主能级(10)。
深能级杂质在Si 和Ge 中通常以(11)的方式存在，并且深能级杂质在禁带中往往引入(12),而且有的深杂质能级既引入(13)又引(14)。
3.半导体中的散射机构包括主要散射机构和其它因素引起的散射，其中其它因素引起的散射包括(15)散射、(16)散射、(17)散射和(18)散射。
对化合物半导体材料GaAs ，其主要的散射机构是(19)散射、(20)散射和(21)散射。
4.外界激励下产生了比平衡态“多”出来的这部分载流子称为(22)，其寿命是指(23)。
根据复合机理不同复合分为(24)和(25)，Fighting ！！根据复合位置不同复合区分为(26)和(27)。
伴随复合载流子将多余的能量以(28)、(29)和(30)形式释放。
二、简要计算，证明或论述（30分，每题6分）1、根据单电子近似半导体中电子势场具有怎样的形式？什么是Bloch 定理？什么是Bloch 波函数?请在一维晶体中利用周期性边界条件（波恩-卡曼循环边界条件）证明在Brillouin 区中波矢K 的取值是不连续的。
2、什么是状态密度？导带底附近状态密度g c (E)=[4πV/h 3]（2m n *）3/2（E-E c ）1/2的推导思路或推导过程是怎样的？请问g c (E)中的m n *对Si 、Ge 和GaAs 其含义是否一样，为什么？3、Si 中电子迁移率和空穴迁移率是否相等？为什么？本征Si 是否具有最高的电阻率？如果不是，电阻率最高的Si 是N 型还是P 型的？具有最高电阻率的Si 是本征Si 电阻率的多少倍？4、简述Si 的导带底结构特点，并在下图中画出示意图。
电子科技大学(成都)考研历年真题之金融学基础2007--2011,2015+答案年考研真题
$0.50 per pound
C. ￡2.00 per dollar
D. ￡2.50 per dollar ）
10、下面不构成合成卖出期权（synthetic put）的成分是（ A. 标的股票的空头（short position） B. 面值等于执行价格的无风险债券的空头 C. 面值等于执行价格的无风险债券的多头（long position） D. 买入期权（call）的多头
15、CAPM有效意味者所有投资者都将持有完全相同的市场组合。（
共 5 页，第 1 页
二.
单项选择（每题3分，共30分） ）
1、下列属于道德风险（moral hazard）行为的是（ A. 高风险的企业伪装成低风险的企业向银行申请贷款 B. 购买汽车保险后，车主将车停在无人看守的停车场 C. 在二手车市场，卖车者以次充好 D. 投保者向保险公司隐瞒自己生病的历史信息 2、通常而言，下列属于商业银行主要业务的是（ A. 承销证券 C. 兼并收购 B. 帮助企业公开上市 D. 吸收存款和发放贷款
共 5 页，第 2 页
6、以下哪种风险转移方式不属于对冲或套期保值（hedging）？（ A. 支付保费购买重大疾病险 B. 签订一份外汇互换合约（foreign exchange swap contract） C. 农场主就1个月后将要收割的小麦与面包厂签订远期合约
）
D. 与航空公司签订合同，将1年后拟用于旅游的机票价格锁定在￥2000 7、某交易日开盘之时，一位期货多头投资者的保证金账户资金刚好满足保证金要 求，当日收盘之时，如果期货的收盘价高于当日开盘价，那么（ A. 该投资者将收到追加保证金的通知 B. 由于该投资者的期货当日实现盈利，其保证金账户无需进行清算 C. 该投资者可从保证金账户提取当日实现的盈利 D. 该投资者当日将被强行平仓 8、在Black-Scholes期权定价公式中，若给定其它参数，那么，随着标的资产价格 波动率的增加，下列说法正确的是（ ） ）
2015电子科技大学研究生试卷答案
1一．填空题(每空3分，共15分)1.不同构的3阶简单图的个数为__4___。
2．图1中的最小生成树的权值为__20____。
3.基于图2的最优欧拉环游的总权值为____37___。
4.图3中块的个数为___4____。
5.图4中强连通分支的个数为____3____。
二．单项选择(每题3分，共15分)1．关于图的度序列，下列命题错误的是( D ) (A) 同构的两个图的度序列相同；(B) 非负整数序列12(,,,)n d d d 是图的度序列当且仅当1ni i d =∑是偶数；(C) 如果非负整数序列12(,,,)n d d d (2)n ≥是一棵树的度序列，那么序列6 图1图2图3图42中至少有两个整数的值为1；(D). 如果非负整数序列12(,,,)n d d d 是简单图的度序列，那么在同构意义下只能确定一个图。
2．关于n 阶简单图的邻接矩阵()ij n n A a ⨯=，下列说法错误的是（ C ） (A) 矩阵A 的行和等于该行对应顶点的度数； (B) 矩阵所有元素之和等于该图边数的2倍；(C) 不同构的两个图，它们的邻接矩阵特征谱一定不同； (D) 非连通图的邻接矩阵一定可以表示为准对角矩阵形式。
3.关于欧拉图，下面说法正确的是( B ) (A) 欧拉图存在唯一的欧拉环游； (B) 非平凡欧拉图中一定有圈； (C) 欧拉图中一定没有割点； (D) 度数为偶数的图一定是欧拉图。
4.关于哈密尔顿图，下列命题错误的是( B )(A)设G 是3n ≥的简单图，若其闭包是完全图，则G 是哈密尔顿图； (B) 若n 阶单图的闭包不是完全图，则它一定是非哈密尔顿图； (C)若G 是哈密尔顿图，则对于V 的每个非空顶点子集S ，均有()G S S ω-≤；(D) 若G 是3n ≥的非H 单图，则G 度弱于某个,m n C 图。
5.关于偶图，下列说法错误的是( B ) (A) 偶图中不存在奇圈；(B) 非平凡偶图的最大匹配是唯一的；(C) (0)k k 正则偶图存在完美匹配；(D) 偶图中，最大匹配包含的边数等于最小点覆盖包含的顶点数。
电子科技大学【2015 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题】241专业课真题
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第4页
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D. Nous travaillerons vite avant que ce soit fini.
Section B: 在以下内容中，句子的顺序打乱了。把这些句子重新排序以恢复短文。 （每题 1 分，共 3 分）
8.L’art de réussir une fête 1. Envoyer un plan d’accès détaillé à chaque participant. 2. Donner du rythme à la soirée avec de la musique dès l’apéritif. 3. Organiser un jeu au moment du dessert. 4. Dresser une jolie table avec une belle nappe et des bougies. A. 4 – 2 – 3 – 1 B. 1 – 4 – 2 – 3 C. 2 – 1 – 4 – 3 D. 2 – 4 – 1 – 3
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2011年-2013年西安电子科技大学865管理学考研真题试题试卷
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目 录
2013 年西安电子科技大学 865 管理学考研真题试题试卷··········································· 2 2012 年西安电子科技大学 865 管理学考研真题试题试卷··········································· 8 2011 年西安电子科技大学 865 管理学考研真题试题试卷········································· 16
2015-2016年电子科技大学考研试题809管理学原理
电子科技大学2015年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：809管理学原理注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）1.法约尔桥2.权力差距3.职能职权4.保健因素5.德尔菲法二、判断题（每小题1分，共15分。
在正确说法后面写T，在不正确说法后面写F）1.管理主要的目的是使资源成本最小化，因此，追求效率是管理的目标之一。
2.目标管理就是上级给下级制定目标，并根据目标对下级进行考核。
3.事业部制又叫“斯隆模型”，是一种分权管理模式。
4.任务目标原则是组织设计的最基本的原则，机构的关停并转撤都应以此为依据。
5.组织的管理层次过多，管理职位多，管理成本高，不利于内部信息交流与沟通。
6.组织中的参谋人员的职责不仅仅是建议，在很多场合还具有指挥与协调的作用。
7.环境不确定程度一方面取决于环境因素的多少，另一方面取决于环境因素变化速度。
8.在紧急情况下，专制式领导方式是必要的。
9.在领导生命周期理论中，领导方式的有效性取决于下属心理成熟度和工作成熟度。
10.根据马斯洛需求层次理论，金钱在满足生理需要时最能起激励作用，在满足其它需要时很难起激励作用。
11.根据亚当斯公平理论，如果员工自己的回报与投入的比值低于其他人的回报与投入的比值，员工就会有不公平感产生，导致员工工作态度和行为的变化。
12.弗鲁姆期望理论的基本假设之一是：组织内个体所做的决定是建立在行为是否能导致所追求结果的基础上，对自己有利就做或努力做，对自己不利就不做或不努力做。
13. 反馈控制最大的缺点是，在管理者实施纠偏措施之前，偏差已经产生，损失已经造成，对工作没有任何意义，所以我们没有必要进行反馈控制。
《管理学原理》试题共4页，第1页14.分权和授权都是权力下放，分权属于系统性、制度性和长期的权力下放，而授权属于任务性、临时性和短期的权力下放。
在组织中，如何分权是每个管理者都应该考虑问题，因为这是他的职责所在。
西安电子科技大学硕士研究生入学考试试题(含答案)
也可利用不进位乘法或列表法计算。 11、已知 H ( s ) 的零极点分布图如下图所示，单位冲激响应 h(t ) 的初始值 h(0 ) = 2 ，则该 系统的系统函数 H (s) = 。
+
jω
×
j2
2 σ
−j2
−2 ×
解：由零极点分布图可写出
s →∞
H ( s) =
H 0 ( s − 2) ( s + 2) 2 + 4
对应原函数为
−3 1 −1 1 × = + ， − 1 < Re[ s ] < 2 s − 2 s +1 s − 2 s +1
e2 t ε (−t ) + e − t ε (t )
3 1 1 1 × = ， Re[ s ] > 2 s − 2 s +1 s − 2 s +1
−t
3e 2t ε (t ) ∗ e − t ε (t ) ↔
5
π
H ( jω )
ϕ (ω )
5
−10
0 (a)
10ω
−5 0 −5
5
ω
(b)
A C
、 f (t ) = cos t + cos(8t )
B
、 f (t ) = sin(2t ) + sin(4t )
2
、 f (t ) = sin(2t ) sin(4t ) D、 f (t ) = cos (4t ) 解：选 B。由系统的幅频特性和相频特性可知：若输入信号的频率均处于 ω = −5 ∼ 5 之间， 既不产生幅度失真又不产生相位失真。只有 B 满足这一条件。 d 6、信号 f (t ) = [e ε (t )] 的傅里叶变换 F ( jω ) 等于 dt
电子科技大学2015年硕士研究生微电子器件考研真题_电子科技大学专业课真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：832 微电子器件注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、填空题（共45分，每空1分）1、泊松方程的积分形式即是（）定理，它的物理意义是：流出一个闭合曲面的电通量等于该闭合曲面围成的体积内的（）。
2、PN结的扩散电容和势垒电容有很多不同之处。
例如：（）只存在于正向偏压之下；（）的正负电荷在空间上是分离的；（）能用作变容二极管。
3、锗二极管和相同掺杂浓度、相同尺寸的硅二极管相比，其反向饱和电流更（），正向导通压降更（）。
4、碰撞电离率是指每个载流子在（）内由于碰撞电离产生的（）的数目。
电场越（），材料的禁带宽度越（），碰撞电离率将越大。
5、温度升高时，PN结的雪崩击穿电压将（），这是因为温度升高将导致晶格振动加强，因而载流子的平均自由程（）。
6、MOSFET用于数字电路时，其工作点设置在（）区和（）区；双极型晶体管用于模拟电路时，其直流偏置点设置在（）区。
7、双极型晶体管的t b既是基区渡越时间，又是（）电阻与（）电容的乘积。
8、双极型晶体管的跨导代表其（）电流受（）电压变化的影响。
双极型晶体管的直流偏置点电流I E越大，跨导越（）；工作温度越高，跨导越（）。
（第三、四个空填“大”或“小”）9、一般来说，双极型晶体管的几个反向电流之间的大小关系为：I ES（）I CS；I CBO（）I CEO；BV CBO（）BV CEO；BV EBO（）BV CBO（填“>”、“<”或“=”）10、当双极型晶体管集电极反偏，发射极开路时，发射极电流（）零，发射结上的偏压（）零。
（填“>”、“<”或“=”）11、增加双极型晶体管的基区宽度将（）厄尔利电压，（）基极电阻，（）基区输运系数。
12、NMOS的衬底相对于源端应该接（）电位。
当|V BS|增加时，其阈值电压将（）。
（第二个空填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”）13、MOSFET的沟道载流子和位于半导体内的载流子相比，除受到（）散射及电离杂质散射作用外，还会受到（）散射，因此，通常沟道载流子的迁移率（）体内载流子迁移率。
电子科技大学《经济学基础》真题和答案(2016-2002试题和)[完整版]历年
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电子科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：821经济学基础注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、选择题（每小题只有一个正确选项，写出正确答案代码。
每小题2分，共30分）(1) 下列几个关于经济学概念的说法，不正确的是（ ）。
A. 资源的稀缺性与资源的绝对数量无关，而是相对于人的欲望而言的。
B. 经济学是一门研究社会如何管理稀缺资源的学科。
C. 经济学研究人的行为以及行为之间互动。
D. 经济学研究的目标是促进帕累托效率改进，很少关心其他社会价值。
(2) 下列关于偏好的说法，不正确的是（ ）。
A. 偏好是一种二元比较关系。
B. 理性偏好满足完备性和传递性。
C. 偏好总可以用效用函数表示。
D. 偏好的基数效用（函数）表示不唯一，但序数效用（函数）表示唯一。
(3) 下列关于需求函数的说法，正确的是( )。
A. 价格上升将导致需求增加。
B. 需求曲线向斜下方倾斜的原因是替代效应强于收入效应。
C. 其他商品的价格变动，不会导致消费者对给定商品的需求行为的变化。
D. 需求价格弹性由需求曲线的斜率决定。
(4) 对于消费两种商品的消费者，如果其效用函数为y x y x u +=),(，其中x 和y 分别为商品X 和商品Y 的消费量，则当消费组合),(A A y x A =和),(B B y x B =无差异时，则消费组合B A 7.03.0+对应的效用水平 ( ) 消费组合A （或者B ）对应的效用水平。
A. 小于B. 等于C. 大于D. 无法确定(5) 假设某消费者的效用函数为},min{),(y x y x u =，其中x 和y 分别为商品X 和商品Y 的消费量， 则该消费者效用最大化行为将导致( )A. 商品X 和商品Y 的消费量必相等。
B. 商品X 的消费量必为0。
C. 商品Y 的消费量必为0。
D. 由于缺乏商品X 和商品Y 的价格信息，无法判断A 、B 和C 选项的正确性。
西安电子科技大学861经济学2015年考研真题答案
答：（1）该经济体中，总供给曲线 A S 为垂直线，即古典总供给，是一条位于充分就业水平上的供给曲线，古典学 派认为供给曲线垂直的原因是：货币工资与价格水平可根据劳动力市场的变化进行调整，且长期内也有足够的时间进行调整，Yf 为充分就业时的产出水平。
（2）P1 价格水平下总需求超过 Y f，经济处于供不应求的状态，价格上升， 价格上升时，总供给曲线垂直，代表可以立即调整，从而不影响就业和产出，货币市场上，价格上升，实际货币供 给下降，导致 LM 曲线向左上方移动，利率上升，导致总需求下降，使总供给重新等于总需求。
四、计算1、社某经济体的消费函数为：c 100 0.8 y d ，投资i 150 6r ，政府支出 G=40，税收T=50，求解产出市场均衡的 IS 方程。
解：在产品市场上：Y C I G 100 0.8(Y 50) 150 6r 40290 0.8Y 6r Y 1250 30r这便是 I S`方程。
西安电子科技大学2015 年研究生入学考试试题答案微观经济学部分一、名解1、局部均衡与一般均衡：局部均衡分析是假定其他商品市场都处于均衡状态的条件下，着重考察某单一商品市场 上价格和产量如何确定。
研究对象是单个市场供求和价格的关系及均衡状态，研究方法是将某个市场从整个经济体 系中取出来加以研究。
一般均衡是指这样一种状态，即无数决策者所做出的无数最优化决策是可以和谐并存的，所有的商品市场与要 素市场都同时处于均衡状态。
研究对象是所有市场上供求和价格的关系及均衡状态，研究方法是将所有相互联系的 市场看成一个整体加以研究。
2、需求的交叉价格弹性：是指在某特定时间内，某种商品需求量变动的百分比与另一种相关商品价格变动的百分 比之比，用来测度某种商品需求量的相对变动对于另一种商品价格的相对变动反应的敏感性程度。
用公式表示为：需求的交叉价格弹性=商品需求量变动率/相关关商品价格变动率 需求的交叉价格弹性系数的符号取决于所考察的两种商品的相关关系。
(NEW)西安电子科技大学经济与管理学院《431金融学综合》[专业硕士]历年考研真题汇编
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目 录
2011年西安电子科技大学经济与管理学院431金融学综合[专业硕士]考研真题
2012年西安电子科技大学经济与管理学院431金融学综合[专业硕士]考研真题
2013年西安电子科技大学经济与管理学院431金融学综合[专业硕士]考研真题
2014年西安电子科技大学经济与管理学院431金融学综合[专业硕士]考研真题
2015年西安电子科技大学经济与管理学院431金融学综合[专业硕士]考研真题
2016年西安电子科技大学经济与管理学院431金融学综合[专业硕士]考研真题
2017年西安电子科技大学经济与管理学院431金融学综合[专业硕士]考研真题
2011年西安电子科技大学经济与管理学院431金融学综合[专业硕
士]考研真题。
管理类专业硕士综合能力真题及参考答案资料答案附后
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2015年硕士研究生入学考试 管理类专业硕士综合能力真题及参考答案说明：由于2015年试题为一题多卷，因此现场试卷中的选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序。
请在核对答案时注意题目和选项的具体内容。
一、问题求解：第1~15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡．．．上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1．某工厂生产一批零件，计划10天完成任务，实际提前2天完成，则每天的产量比计划平均提高了2．某工程由甲公司承保需60天完成，由甲、乙两公司共同承保需28天完成，由乙、丙两公司共同承包需35天完成。
则由丙公司承包完成该工程所需天数为 3．甲班共有30名学生，在一次满分为100分的考试中，全班的平均成绩为90分，则成绩低于60分的学生最多有 (A) 8名(B) 7名(A) 15% (B) 20% (C) 25% (D) 30%(E) 35%(A) 85 (B) 90 (C) 95 (D) 100(E) 105(C) 6名(D) 5名(E) 4名4．甲、乙两人同时从A点出发，沿400米跑道同向匀速行走，25分钟后乙比甲少走了一圈，若乙行走一圈需要8分钟，则甲的速度是（单位：米/分钟）(A) 62 (B) 65(C) 66 (D) 67(E) 695．甲、乙两商店同时购进了一批某品牌的电视机，当甲店售出15台时乙售出10台，此时两店的库存之比为8:7，库存之差为5，甲、乙两商店总的进货量为(A) 75 (B) 80(C) 85 (D) 100(E) 1256．已知111()+,(8)=(1)(2)(2)(3)(9)(10f x fx x x x x x=++++++++…则）(A) 19(B)110(C)116(D)117(E)1 187．如图1，在直角三角形ABC中，AC= 4,BC= 3,DE BC BCED DE331+(E) 1,1b c ==15．确定两人从A 地出发经过,B C ，沿逆时针方向行走一圈回到A 地的方案（如图2）．若从A 地出发时每人均可选大路或山道，经过,B C 时，至多有一人可以更改道路，则不同的方案有 (A) 16种 (B) 24种 (C) 36种 (D) 48种 (E) 64种二、条件充分性判断：第16-25小题，每小题3分，共30分。