八年级下册英语5-8单元要点解析

八年级下册英语5-8单元要点解析
注意：每一课中的Self Check五句话必须熟练记住
一、定语从句：
1.定语从句的概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

3.关系词：
引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。

如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。

5.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。

1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。

There is nothing ______ I can do for you .
2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。

This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。

This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。

This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=
I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .
5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。

He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
6.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。

1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。

This is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。

The clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。

His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.
7.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。

但以下情况下，只能用who。

1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。

Those ______ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。

指物时用that。

There is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。

He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
8、由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。

where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which
（1）.由where引导的定语从句。

1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语
Is this the house ______ you lived ?= Is this the house _____ _____ you lived ?
= Is this the house _____ you lived in ?
（2）.由when引导的定语从句。

1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。

When was the last time you saw the parrot ?
（3）.由why引导的定语从句。

先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。

why在句中作原因状语。

We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .
9、注意事项：
1）.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。

The story _____ he told was very popular .
A.who
B.whom
C.whose
D. /
2）.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。

I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs .
She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3）.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。

Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?
A. which you bought
B. that you bought it
C. you bought
D. you bought it 4）.定语从句中whose 的确定：
无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。

判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose 。

The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .
A. who
B. whose
C. which
D. that
I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.
10、定语从句的简化
把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。

1.She reveived a box which was full of presents .
She reveived a box _____ _____ presents .
2.He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.
He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun .
3.I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it .
I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it .
4.Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress .
Do you know the girl ______ a red dress .
二、prefer：1)prefer +n.
例如：I prefer groups that play quiet and gentle songs我更喜欢演唱轻柔音乐的组合
2)prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事
例如：Drive ahead，I prefer to walk你开车先走吧，我宁愿步行
She prefers to be alone at home她宁愿独自呆在家里
3）prefer sth to sth比。

更喜欢。

例如：Which would you prefer，coffee or milk？I prefer milk to coffee
4）prefer to do sth rather than do sth
例如：I prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive out我宁愿呆在家里过周末也不愿开
车出去
5）prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起。

更喜欢
例如：I prefer staying at home to going for a walk。

练习：同义句转换
1、I prefer swimming to skating。

I like swimming skating
2、I prefer to die rather than steal I prefer to die stealing
三、dance to the music 伴随着音乐跳舞sing along with the music和着音乐一起唱
四、What’s the name of your favorite CD？
五、remind 1)remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事Please remind me to write to Mother请提醒我给母亲写信
Passengers are reminded to look after their bags旅客们被提醒看好自己的包。

2）remind sb that。

提醒某人。

Please remind me that I must call him up before noon 请提醒我中午前给他打电话
3）remind sb of sth/sb
He reminds me of his brother他使我想起他的哥哥
This reminds me of what we did together during our holidays这使我想起我们假期一起做的事
六、recently 同义词lately 形容词recent
七、I listened to one called Heart Strings。

句中called可以替换成named
这句话可以装换成定语从句：I listened to one whose name is Heart Strings。

八、What do you think of 。

？====How do you like。

？
九、think常用的搭配？：
1、think +名词（代词）+名词（代词）认为。

是
We all think her a kind girl
2、think it +形容词+（for sb ）+to do sth
I think it impossible for us to learn English well
think常用的词组搭配：think of think about think over think out think up
十、区别：It is important for sb to do sth 做某事对某人很重要
Sth is/are important to sb 某事对某人很重要
十一、sink （sank ，sunk）fisherman 复数fishermen
十二、latest最近的，最新的the latest 最新消息Have you heard of the latest about the strike？你听到有关罢工的最新消息了吗？
Have you read Steinway’s latest novel？你读过斯坦威的最新小说吗？
十三、over the years多年来
十四、look for 寻找find 找到，发现find out 查明白，弄清楚
与look有关的词组：look at look after look up to look out look out of look forward to ，look the same ，look like，look through look over
十五、It does have a few good features
句中do的用法：用在肯定句中，后接动词原形，表示强调，意思为“的确”“确实”
例如：I did come to school late this morning
强调句型我们接触的还有：It was because I could speak English that I got the job。

（a）few （a）little 的用法：
当前面有only 时，只能用a few 或a little
十六、be sure to do sth一定会。

的，必定。

的肯定要做某事的，一定要做某事的。

其否定形式是be sure not to do sth
You’re sure to fail if you do it that way如果你那么做肯定要失败的。

Be sure to write and tell me all your news。

务必来信告诉我你的消息
be sure of/ about …..对。

有把握
He is sure of success===He is sure that he will succeed。

be sure of oneself有自信
make sure 确定，查明，弄明白
Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of getting a seat。

早点到电影院来，设法弄到一个座位。

Will you make sure of his return？==Will you make sure that he returned？你查明他是否真的回来了吗？
十七、well-known（better-known，best-known）
十八、on display one of in this exhibition a world-class photographer世界级的摄影师
十九、There are many great photos of people and of the countryside。

二十、Whatever you do ，don’t miss this exhibition===No matter what you do，don’t miss this exhibition。

Whatever==no matter what 类似的有：whoever，whenever，wherever，however等
二十一、However，these are musicians who make us happy-----even on a Monday morning。

make 的用法：1、make+名词或代词+形容词，意思为“使。

处于（或成为）某种状态”。

What you said made her angry你说的话让她很生气。

2、make sb do sth使某人做某事
They make us work eight hours a day。

这种用法中如果要变成被动语态，成为sb be made to do sth所以上句的被动句是：we are made to work eight hours a day。

3、当make 的宾语是动词不定式或that 引导的宾语从句，后面有形容词做宾语补足语时，常用it 作形式宾语，把动词不定式或that 从句放在形容词的后面，即“make it +形容词+to do sth（或that 从句）”例如
Computers made it possible to do many things without leaving home。

The book makes it easier for me to learn English。

I have made it clear that I don’t agree
4、make +名词，制作某物
5、make +名词（人）+名词，“使。

成为。

”
The king married the girl and made her his queen
6、be made of（看出原材料）be made from（看不出原材料）be made into制成。

make up be made up of make it 成功，达到目的，be made by 被。

制造
be made in 在。

制造
7、make+宾语+及物动词的过去分词，使。

被，如：I can’t make myself understood。

二十二、can’t stand doing have a great time be lucky to do a six-month English course
二十三、我们的大多数朋友喜欢他们能跟着跳舞的嘹亮的舞曲。

Most of my friendslike loud music that they can 。

二十四、honest an honest boy
to be honest 老实说，相当于to tell you the truth；honstly speaking
二十五、suggest，名词形式suggestion，suggest doing sth
二十六、suit适合，使感到满意，其形容词形式suitable
be suited to do 适于做。

sth suit sb 合某人的意，对某人合适
二十七、I don’t know what to try next。

二十八、expect期待，预料
搭配有：expect sth/sb expect sth of sb对。

的期望expect to do sth
Expect sb to do sth expect that从句
二十九、taste品尝，尝起来，其形容词为tasty
三十、keep healthy ==stay healthy===keep fit get toghther 聚在一起，团聚
三十一、be bad for take care of stay away from be in agreement be good for in oil increase the risk of cancer even if==even though not at all
a balanced diet have a good balance
三十二、1、Is this museum you visited a few days ago？
A、where
B、that
C、on which
D、the one
2、Is this the museum the exhibition was held？
A、where
B、that
C、on which
D、the one
三十三、Where would you like to go on vacation？
1、would like（would love）+名词、代词、to do sth
当Would you like +名词？其肯定答语为：Yes，please。

否定答语为：No，thanks
当Would you like +to do？其肯定答语为：Thanks/I’d love to 否定答语为：I’d love to，but。

Would like +名词或代词+to do
Would like +名词或代词+形容词如：He would like the window open
2、go on vacation去度假
三十四、I’d like to trek through the jungle ，because I like exciting vacations
1、trek （trekking，trekked）
2、through，across ，past
The wind blew into the room the window
He wants to swim the Yellow River
We went the bank and got to the school。

三十五、hope，wish
I to see Niagara Falls some day。

I you a Happy New Year。

三十六、I’d like to go somewhere relaxing
Somewhere是副词，意为“到某处，在某处”，通常用于肯定句，疑问句和否定句则用anywhere，如果受形容词的修饰，则要把形容词放在后面。

三十七、Why not consider visiting Paris？
1、Why not do sth？==Why don’t you do sth？
表示提出建议的句子：Would you like to do sth？
Shall we/I do sth ？
Why not do sth？
What（How ）about +名词或doing？
Could you please do sth？
Let’s do sth
Do you mind doing sth ？
Had better
2、consider1）consider doing sth
He is considering going to study abroad。

2）consider +名词
We considered his suggestion
3）consider+疑问词+to do sth
We are considering how to get there。

4）consider sb to be认为。

是。

I consider him to be my best friend
5）be considered to do /to be。

被认为做/是。

He will be considered to be a good teacher
6）consider +疑问词从句
We considered what we should do next
7）consider+that从句
I considered that the news was true
三十八、Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money，but it’s usually convenient to take the underground train to most places。

1、动名词短语、动词不定式短语作主语，谓语动词要用单三形式
2、Cost，pay，spend，take的用法小结
Sth cost sb +钱数
It takes sb +一段时间+to do sth
Sb pay +钱数+for sth
Sb spend 钱数（或者一段时间）on sth或Sb spend 钱数（或一段时间）+（in）doing sth
另外注意：sb buy sth for +钱数
3、convenient不能用人作主语，常用句型It’s convenient for sb to do sth
三十九、in general
四十、translate ，其名词形式：translator
Translate。

into。

四十一、be supposed to do===should do
四十二、take it easy从容，不紧张，松懈，这是鼓励或安慰别人时常用的一句话，相当于Don’t worry 或stay calm
四十三、tour tourist touristy
四十四、go somewhere warm
四十五、take a trip 旅行in eastern China ==in the east of China
四十六、provide：provide sb with sth==provide sth for sb
Could you please provide me with some advice？
四十七、offer：offer sb sth==offer sth to sb offer to do
They offered a new machine
The woman offered us a cup of tea
He offered some good ideas to improve the plan
He offered to help us 他表示愿意帮助我们
四十八、inexpensive反义词expensive
四十九、We could get a room with a kitchen so we could save money by cooking our own meals。

五十、Could you please give me some suggestions for vacation spots？
五十一、dream of 幻想，梦想，相当于dream about
他梦想成为一名教师He dreams of becoming a teacher
五十二、Here are some of the findings of a survey about hopes and dreams，in which thousands of students across China took part下面是有关希望与梦想的一次调查中的一些发现，数以千计的中国学生参加了这次调查。

五十三、do well in 相当于be good at
五十四、different answers to the questions
Answer后面接介词to，类似的还有：way ，ticket ，key ，visit，solution等
五十五、receive和accept
前者指“收到，接到，”不管愿意不愿意；后者指“接受”，表示愿意接受。

例如：
She received his gift，but she didn’t accept it
五十六、as soon as possible==as soon as sb can（could）
五十七、My dream is to meet a famous person。

五十八、continue doing/to do
They conyinued working though it was raining hard outside
五十九、according to quite a few +名词复数
六十、volunteer to do sth volunteer one’s time to do sth
六十一、be willing to do sth sail across the Pacific Ocean have a good education
come true be different from get around 观光，到处走动
六十二、Hold on to继续，坚持，保持
hold on 还可以指“（打电话时用语）请等一下，不要挂断。

”如：
Hold on please。

I’ll just see if the manager’s in。

六十三、on the one hand。

，on the other hand。

六十四、I’ll help clean up the city parks
1、help 的常见用法：1）help do sth/help to do sth
2)help sb (to)do sth
3)help sb with sth
4）can’t help doing sth 情不自禁的做某事
5）help oneself to sth 随意使用。

2、clean up 动词+副词型的动词短语，接待词作宾语的时候要放在中间
六十五、I’d like to help homeless people
Would like to do ==want to do ===feel like doing
六十六、give out come up with==think up put off doing make a plan
From now write down put up hand out call up
cheer up==make someone happier set up ==establish，start
六十七、she puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care center at her local elementary school。

Put。

to good use by doing sth通过做。

把。

充分发挥
六十八、plan to do
Plan doing 打算，想要
六十九、Not only do I feel good about helping other people ，but I get to spend time doing what I love to do。

1、not only 。

but also 。

不但。

而且。

，连接并列的两个成分或内容
1）可以连接句子的主语、谓语、表语、宾语等，强调的是but also引出的内容，当用来连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。

如：
He studied not only English but also French at all
Not only he but also his parents are going to swim in the sea。

2）not only。

but also 。

中的also可以省略
3）not only。

but also。

是并列连词短语，连接谓语时，不能用not去构成否定句，更不能用缩写形式。

如：
He not only gave me some English books but also told me how to learn English。

4）当not only 位于句首时，前一个分句倒装，即谓语或部分谓语提到主语前面，but also部分仍用陈述语序。

并列主语时除外。

如：
Not only did he come，but also he was very happy他不但来了，还非常高兴5）not only。

but also。

与as well as
2、get to do sth 着手。

，开始做。

3、feel good aboutt doing 对。

感觉良好
七十、join，join in，attend，take part in
1、join 指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，以及参军等，相当于become a member of
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.
Why not join us at the party？
2、join in 参加，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或doing
Can I join in the game？
They all join in singing the song
3、attend是正式用语，一般指参加会议、典礼、婚礼等
4、take part in参加，参与，某种活动
We all took an active part in the sports meeting。

七十一、比较：Who do you think is the youngest person in your class？
Do you know who will speak at the meeting？
七十二、把下列句子变为反义疑问句：
1、I don’t think they went home
2、He says the two boys come from America
3、He thinks she must be a famous singer
4、Nobody knows we are students
七十三、run out of 和run out
都有“用完了”的意思，但用法有区别
1、run out of ，强调的是主动行为，主语是人
2、run out ，强调的是状况，主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等
Their food ran out in a minute because of hunger==They ran out of their food in a minute because of hunger。

Run相关短语：run after 追逐，追踪，run away（常与from连用）逃跑，逃离，run down（用车）撞到，run up升起，run up against碰上，遇到（困难等）
七十三、take after，fix up==repair==mend，be similar to，put up张贴，举起，抬起，ask for，hand out ，Work out ，do a radio interview，hang out，make money，a call-in center电话交流中心
七十四、stop
1、stop doing
2、stop to do
3、stop sb from doing
七十五、fill。

with。

用。

把。

装满，其主语是表示人的名词，强调动作的过程
I have filled the glass with tea。

Please help yourself
be filled with是fill with的被动语态，意为“被装满了”，意同be full of，主语是表示物的名词。

只是be filled with强调动作，be full of 强调状态。

The cup was filled with tea==The cup was full of tea。

七十六、help out
七十七、比较：The sports meeting has been put off because it was raining
The sports meeting has been put off because of the rain
七十八、I have already watered the plants。

（变为一般疑问句）
七十九、clean out，in a minute==soon 相当于at once ，right away
Turn off，turn up，turn down，turn on，get back to，
八十、so many==a great number of ，修饰可数名词
八十一、take sb for a walk ，do some shopping/reading/washing/cleaning/running
Chat with collect water from the village well，on the farm ，write original songs
Win an award，make a music video，one of+最高级+名词的复数，in the last/past +一段时间八十二、make a hit CD出一盘火爆的CD
Make a hit 大获成功，（演出等）大受欢迎、受到赞扬
He made a great hit in his enterprise他的事业获得了巨大的成功
八十三、go on a world tour周游世界，其中go on是“开始做某事”的意思
八十四、appear没有被动语态，名词形式appearance
八十五、in the top ten ，good luck to。

祝。

好运be off，a charity for homeless children Play a musical instrument ，lock the door
八十六、forget（remember）to do和forget（remember）doing sth
八十七、say goodbye to，类似：say hello to，say yes to，say sorry to
八十八、It’s one’s turn to do sth
take one’s turn to do sth
八十九、two more apples==another two apples
九十、so far==up to now==by now常与现在完成时连用
九十一、a tall tree with long roots，in search of寻找，相当于try to find和looking for sth thanks to ，do one’s daily activity，
九十二、on purpose故意地look forward to doing
注意：每一课两个3a和Reading最好能够背诵。