香菇段木栽培和代料栽培的工艺流程

香菇段木栽培和代料栽培的工艺流程

The cultivation process of shiitake mushrooms can be divided into two main methods: log cultivation and substrate cultivation.

Log cultivation involves using logs as the growing medium for shiitake mushrooms. The first step is to select

suitable logs, preferably from hardwood trees such as oak or beech. The logs should be around 4-6 feet long and have a diameter of about 4-8 inches. They should also be fresh and free from any signs of decay or insect infestation.

After selecting the logs, they are cleaned and sterilized to remove any competing organisms that may hinder mushroom growth. This can be done by soaking the logs in hot water or steam for a specific period of time. Once sterilized, small holes are drilled into the logs and shiitake mushroom spawn is inserted into these holes. The spawn serves as the seed material that will eventually grow into mature mushrooms.

Once the spawn has been inserted, the logs are placed in a suitable environment for colonization to occur. This

typically includes a cool and shaded area with high

humidity levels. Over time, the mycelium (the vegetative

part of fungi) spreads throughout the log, breaking down

the wood fibers and preparing it for fruiting.

After a few months of colonization, fruiting can begin to take place. This is triggered by inducing environmental changes such as increasing light exposure and decreasing humidity levels. Shiitake mushrooms typically take around

7-10 days to fully mature after fruiting initiation.

Log cultivation allows for multiple harvests over several years, making it a sustainable method of shiitake mushroom production.

香菇的栽培过程可以分为两种主要方法：段木栽培和代料栽培。

段木栽培是将木头作为香菇生长基质。首先需要选择适合的木头段，最好是硬木树如橡木或山毛榉。这些木段应该长度约为4-6英尺，

直径约为4-8英寸。它们应该新鲜，并且没有任何腐烂或虫害迹象。

选择好木头段后，需要清洗和消毒以去除可能干扰香菇生长的竞争

性生物。可以通过将木段浸泡在热水或蒸汽中一定时间来进行消毒。消毒后，在木段上钻小孔，并将香菇种菌插入这些孔中。种菌充当

了最终会长成成熟香菇的种子材料。

种菌插入后，将木段放置在能够进行菌丝生长的适宜环境中。通常

包括湿度高、阴凉的区域。随着时间推移，真菌体（真菌的营养部分）在木块中扩散，分解木纤维，为结果做准备。

经过几个月的扩散生长后，开始可以收获香菇。通过增加光照和降

低湿度等环境变化来诱导结果产生。通常在果实开始产生后，香菇

需要7-10天才能完全成熟。

段木栽培允许在几年内进行多次收获，这是一种可持续的香菇生产

方法。

Substrate cultivation, on the other hand, involves using substrates such as sawdust, wood chips, or agricultural waste materials as the growing medium for shiitake mushrooms. This method offers more control over environmental conditions and allows for higher yields

compared to log cultivation.

The first step in substrate cultivation is to prepare the growing medium. This involves mixing selected substrates with water and sterilizing them to eliminate any competing microorganisms. The sterilized substrate is then placed

into containers such as plastic bags or trays.

Next, shiitake mushroom spawn is mixed into the sterilized substrate. The spawn serves as the inoculant that introduces shiitake mushroom mycelium into the substrate. The inoculated substrate is then tightly sealed to create a favorable environment for mycelial growth.

The containers with the inoculated substrate are placed in a temperature-controlled room or chamber with high humidity levels. In this controlled environment, the mycelium colonizes the substrate over several weeks or months, depending on the specific cultivation conditions.

Once full colonization has occurred, fruiting can be induced by exposing the colonized substrate to specific