高中英语语法分专题全面复习第二十二讲高考填空解题技巧小结与练习

语法填空解题技巧小结
本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。

单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。

在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

技巧一：名词形式变化。

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例1：There are many students living at school，the (child)houses are all far from schoo1．
由students-词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。

技巧二：动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

例2：A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．
句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。

从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

技巧三：代词形式变化。

代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。

另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。

例3：The king decided to see the painter by (he)．由介词by 可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。

技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。

英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。

构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前more／less 和most／least，且形容词的最高级前还要加the。

例4：I am (tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．
此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

技巧五：数词形式变化。

数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式。

例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall
take a (three)．．．
从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。

技巧六：词的派生。

词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。

这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握，近几年词的派生变化也有所增多。

例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，so he was very____(happiness)．
在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness换成词根happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un-，就成了unhappy。

二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。

技巧七：固定短语结构。

根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。

例7：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy．
从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。

例8：His boss was____angry as to fire him．
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so as to，所以，so是正解。

技巧八：从句引导词。

从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。

例9：He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。

例10：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。

技巧九：动词短语结构。

短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。

例11：The USA consists____fifty states．
根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。

例12：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take_____of her．
生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。

技巧十：介词短语结构。

介词短语即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。

例13：Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train．
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。

例14：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him．细心观察，可以看出填人front即可构成in front of，此题得解。

技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。

常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both……and，either……or，neither……nor，not only……but also等。

例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．
此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。

例16：____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．
横线处的词与后面可以构成both....and，故答案为Both。

技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。

冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查．1y形式的方式副词(见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况)。

例17：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。

例18：Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon．
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。

例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen．
第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。

例20：It was only one day left,_____，his father had no idea to answer him．
观察上下旬，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。

技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。

这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。

学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。

答案的线
索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。

如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。

例21：Tony____travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV．
由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。

派生词部分：
语法填空中有些单词变形侧重于考查构词法，主要是派生构成法。

派生法（derivation）是英语中重要的构词法，它借助在词干上加词缀的办法来构成新的单词。

一个单词的基本部分称为词干（stem），加在词干前面的部分称为前缀（prefix），加在词干后面的部分成为后缀（suffix）。

一般来说，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。

如：在repayment（偿还）一词中，pay付钱，是词干；re-有“返还”之意，是前缀，改变词义；-ment是后缀，改变词性为名词。

英语中派生词很多。

这里我们只能把常考的派生词按词缀进行归类练习，以提高我们掌握、识记单词的能力。

把课本生词表中的生词记牢才是备考的上策。

常见前缀
1.This may sound (convenient), but English people are used to doing so.
2. Meanwhile, the editor was getting (patience), for the magazine would soon go to press.
3. If they stay in a museum too long, a feeling of boredom will build up, leading eventually to (patience) and fatigue.
4.My motto also makes me become an (depend) person.
5.Faridabad is very poor and most people don’t have air conditioners or even electric fans. Besides,
electricity is often cut off (expect).
6.Something (believe) happened on the plane.
7.Do not carry too much money or (necessity) credit cards.
8.Although (able) to publish at that time, he circulated(使传阅) three photocopied collections of his work.
9.The student or any other person, may come back to his work tired and (interested).
10.People were (familiar) with this product at the beginning, and made many
guesses at how it was produced.
常见名词后缀
1.To my (amaze), Life of France and Italy seemed more pleasant and relaxing than that of Toronto.
2.I love Jack a lot but we are getting into a lot of (argue) about our wedding plans.
3. Similar (arrange)also exists in some British schools.
4.Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve).
5. 【2016全国Ⅲ】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.
6. When you stand in front of the mirror, it will use the technology to make its own(judge) of your body type.
7. In (conclude), wise choices and full preparations are reliable measures to reach our goals.
8.I think it necessary for us to discuss this problem with our parents before we make a final (decide).
9. I think they were all better worth visiting than many other (attract).
10. 【2016全国Ⅲ】But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).
常见形容词后缀
1.Drawn in simple black and white, Tuzki（兔斯基）doesn’t seem (impress) at first sight.
2. Keeping a diary in English is an (effect) way to improve our English writing ability.
3.There is no (effect) vaccine or treatment currently available for Ebola.
4. For others, working in a (create) environment with other people makes them happier.
5.Human beings are (competition) animals and we decide to evaluate each other.
6.They give off (poison) gases.
7.My classmates attended (vary) events such as running, high jump and long jump.
8.So many people are so (anxiety) to “get in” on a “ground floor opportunity”, as if the opportunity will do all the work that’s impossible.
9. Almost all the fables he wrote are (humor) and entertaining, appealing to people of all ages.
10. Unlike his father, he had better luck in business and showed more (finance) sense.
连变或成对词缀
ter, actors, musicians, dancers and singers from all over the world came over to
give (perform).
2. Unfortunately, many people can only see a camel’s outstanding (perform), but few understand its preparations made for it.
3. This festival is a holiday of great (significant) and the one with the longest history.
4. Besides an attractive (appear), tiny houses can also boast unique practical features.
5. While most manage to cover the short (distant), a handful are stuck inside the railway tracks that lie between the ocean and popular park.
6. An old woman fell over at the (enter) and hit her head on the ground.
7. When we are feeling stressed there is a tendency to turn to others for some (assist).
8. Next day I saw an ad for a sales (assist) in a local bookshop and put my house on the market.
9. The (present) of both suggests at least the possibility of life.
10.Some even awarded prizes to (participate) who could perform this feat in a natural and effortless way.
其他：一些单词的其他词性形式并不是加词缀构成，而是改变了其中的字母或字母组合，或添加或去掉一些字母。

这样的单词需要专门去记。

1.During our visit, the home was filled with (laugh).
2.This (lose) was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out to be very good for
the food.
3.Actually, children learn violence (behave) from adults or from what they see on
television or on the Internet.
4.【2009广东】But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever
pleased her father.
5.In Senior One, he was an (energy) boy who wanted to become a player in the school
basketball team.
6.Smiling with (relieve), he set off again on the donkey's back.
7.I have a strong (believe) that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too.
8.The cat is not for (sell).
9.She expressed her disgust at the program by writing a letter of (complain).
10.He was hardworking and (energy) energetic.
答案：
常见前缀
1.inconvenient
2. impatient
3. impatience
4. independent
5. unexpectedly
6. unbelievable
7. unnecessary 8.unable 9.uninterested 10. unfamiliar
常见名词后缀
1.amazement
2. argument
3. arrangement
4. achievement
5. development
6. judgement /judgment
7.conclusion
8. decision
9.attractions 10.attraction
常见形容词后缀
1.impressive
2. effective
3. effective
4.creative
5. competitive
6. poisonous
7.various 8. anxious 9.humorous 10. financial
连变或成对词缀
1.performance
2. performance
3.significance
4.appearance
5. distance
6.entrance
7. assistance
8. assistant
9. presence 10. participants
其他
ughter
2.loss
3. behavior
4. choice
5. energetic
6. relief
7. belief
8. sale
9. complaint 10. energetic。