新时代核心英语教程写作2教学课件U13

Develop extended definitions fully
Use the patterns of development either individually or in combination when formulating an extended definition. • narration • description • exemplification •…
synonym definition 同义词定义
Main Contents
Strategies for using definition
Strategies for organizing a definition essay
Sample appreciation
Difficult Points
1. Avoiding the three frequent errors in giving definitions
1. A greenbelt is where a band of parks, farmland, or unused land surrounding a community.
Activity 2
Work in groups of four to five and discuss whether the following definitions are effective or not. Revise the ineffective ones. If a definition is effective as it stands, write Effective.
Overly broad definition
The class that identifies the term in a formal definition should not be too broad, either.
A typical example of overly broad definition is: An elephant is defined as a large wild animal with four legs.
Move from unfamiliar words to familiar words when giving synonym definitions
Synonym definitions are not of much use if they move from one little-known word to another. • define vacillate as oscillate X • define vacillate as waver √
The second part (the class) of a formal definition should not be too narrow.
A typical example of overly narrow definition is: A poem is two or more rhymed lines written to express an idea, mood, or emotion.
Strategies for using definition
Strategies for using definition
Definition can be used as a dominant or supportive pattern of essay development with several strategies.
Activity 1
Define the following words according to the requirements in parentheses.
5. patriotism (extended definition) Cont. So people of different occupations have different ways to love their country, but they all share a common aim, that is, to reinforce their selfqualities and to enhance their national power.
Activity 1
Define the following words according to the requirements in parentheses.
4. poverty (formal definition and informal definition)
Fml.: Poverty is the state of having very little money with which to buy one’s basic needs.
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新时代Βιβλιοθήκη urriculum 核心英语教程
2 写 作
13 UNIT
Definition
Key Terms
circular definition 循环定义 extended definition 延伸定义
formal definition 正式定义
informal definition 非正式定义
Activity 1
Define the following words according to the requirements in parentheses.
5. patriotism (extended definition) Patriotism means working hard to make the motherland strong and prosperous. For a student, patriotism means to study hard to acquire sufficient knowledge so that he can use science and technology to strengthen his country’s economy.
Courage is a strong desire to live taking the form of readiness to die.
Activity 1
Define the following words according to the requirements in parentheses.
2. Using and organizing different patterns of development to write a definition essay
Activity 1
Define the following words according to the requirements in parentheses.
Activity 1
Define the following words according to the requirements in parentheses.
5. patriotism (extended definition) Cont. For a soldier, patriotism is strict military training so as to be ready at all times to safeguard state sovereignty and territorial integrity. For a worker or a farmer, patriotism stands for making his best efforts to increase products.
3. stylistics (formal definition) Stylistics is a branch of linguistics devoted to the study of how people use language, talking or writing to different people, on different subject matters, at different times, in different places and for different purposes, in short in different socio-situational contexts.
The statements Vacillate means having the qualities or characteristics of vacillation and A dietician is a person who studies diets go in circles.
Overly narrow definition
Avoid using ungrammatical structures
Mixed structures (such as…is when and…is where) are ungrammatical and thus should be avoided.
Inappropriate: Blind ambition is when you want to get ahead, no matter how much other people are hurt. Revised: Blind ambition is wanting to get ahead, not matter how much other people are hurt.
Activity 2
Work in groups of four to five and discuss whether the following definitions are effective or not. Revise the ineffective ones. If a definition is effective as it stands, write Effective.
Activity 1
Define the following words according to the requirements in parentheses.
4. poverty (formal definition and informal definition) Infml.:
(1) Poverty is a condition you try to hide while you experience it, but brag about afterwards. (2) Poverty is an economic condition that prevents you from going anywhere—except into debt.
Avoid three errors when giving formal definitions
1. Circular definition 2. Overly narrow definition 3. Overly broad definition
Circular definition
The third part that distinguishes a word from other members of the class should not include the word being defined.
1. abdomen (synonym definition)
Abdomen means stomach.
Activity 1
Define the following words according to the requirements in parentheses.
2. courage (informal definition)