状语分句可以分为三大类

状语分句可以分为三大类：修饰性状语分句，评注性状语分句和连接性状语分句。

一、修饰性状语分句可以位于主句之前或者之后。

前置时，分句之后一般要加逗号与主句分开。

修饰性状语分句按意义可以分为下列八大类：
1、时间状语分句（Adverbial Clause of Time）
通常由“after, as, before ,once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, now(that), as long as, as soon as等从属连词引导。

●有一些词如immediately, directly, instantly 用于立刻的意义时也可以引导时间状语从
句：例如：
I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.
My sister came directly she got my message.
Instantly the button is pressed, the mine explodes.
●某些表示时间的名词词组如the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the year, every
time, next time 等也可以引导时间状语从句：
I’ll tell you about it the moment you come.
I’m going to see him next time he comes to Guangzhou.
●有些关连从属连词如no sooner…than, hardly /scarcely/ barely…when等也能引导时间状
语从句，如果把no sooner, hardly，scarcely, barely置于句首就要用倒装句结构。

例如：She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted.
No soone r had she heard the news than she fainted.
They had hardly started the work when the trouble began.
Hardly had they started the work when the trouble began.
●有些从属连词如When while/ whilst(until, once)等除了能引导表示时间的限定分句，还能
引导非限定和无动词时间状语分句。

例如：
She is always listening to music, when doing her homework.（现在分词）
Whenever in difficulty, you can count on our support.（无动词）
While at school,he scarcely read a book. （无动词）
John, don’t speak until spoken to.（过去分词）
Once printed, this book will be very popular.
2、地点状语分句（Adverbial Clause of Place）
通常由where, wherever以及由where构成的符合词如：anywhere, everywhere引导。

Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.
●有时，地点状语分句兼有抽象条件含义：
Wher e there is a will , there is a way.
Where you find high wages, you will generally find high prices.
●有些谚语是带有地点状语分句的复杂句的省略形式：
Least said, soonest mended.(少说为佳/多说反坏事)
=Where there is least said, there things are sooner mended.
●地点状语也可采取无动词分句结构。

例如：
Where(eve) possible, all moving parts should be tested.
3、方式状语分句（Adverbial Clause of Manner）通常由as, as if, as though 引导,通常放在主句之后。

例如：
You must do the exercises as I show you.
Leave it as it is.
Mary was behaving as though she hadn’t grown up.
●在as…so…结构中，as分句通常位于主句之前，（多数带有比喻含义，常见于正式文学
体裁。

例如：
As a man sows, so he will reap.(种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

)
As you made your bed, so you must lie in it.(自作自受)
●在非正式口语中也可用the way(that), how ,like(相当于in the same way as)引导方式状语
分句。

例如：
Jean doesn’t do it the way I do.
I shall wear my coat how I like.
Do you make bread like you make cakes?
●方式状语分句还可以是非限定分句，尤以-ing分词分句用作方式状语最为常见。

例如：He stood motionless vacantly looking at the sea.
She sat leaning against a tree.
从属连as if , as though还可以引导非限定方式状语和无动词方式状语分句。

例如：
非限定方式状语：
She stood at the door as if waiting for someone.
She lay for several hours as though stunned(被打晕)
无动词方式状语分句：
He hurriedly left the room as though angry.
The boy looked about as if in search of something.
4、原因状语分句（Adverbial Clause of Cause）
常见的连词是because, since, as, 其中because语势最强，since次之，as又次之。

Because 一般位于主句之后，也可置于主句之前。

He took off his coat because he felt hot.
Because she wants us to make rapid progress, the teacher is strict with us.
●because之前可加only, simply,等强调词：
Don’t do anything simply becaus e other people are doing it.
●也可用否定词not,还可用一定的并列连词形成because分句。

例
如：I’m going on a trip tomorrow, because I have to, not because I want to.
I stayed at home, not because I was tired, but because I didn’t like to go.
●在强调原因状语分句的强调句时只能用because引导分句，不能用since或as 引导的分
句。

例如：
It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us.
●由as引导的原因状语分句有时还可采取两种结构形式：
A)“主语补语或状语+as+主语+谓语动词”结构：
Clever as the boy was, he found little difficulty in solving the problem.
Hard as he studied, he passed the test with ease.
B) “-ing+ as it does”或“-ed + as it is”结构：
Standing as it does on a high hill, the temple commands a fine view.
Situated(坐落在) as it wa s at the foot of the mountain, t he house was very quiet.
●由其他连词引导的原因状语分句：
由复杂从属连词引导的原因状语分句: in that, now ( that), seeing (that), considering (that), 和边际从属连词引导的原因状语分句for the reason that, by reason that, for fear(that)等。

Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak.
Now that he is absent, you’ll have to do the work by yourself.
He didn’t go for fear that she would get lost.
●复杂介词+the fact that:
Because of the fact that they had mad their reservation too late, they could not get on the plane they wanted.
In summer very few visitors travel in Africa due to the fact that the weather is extremely hot.
●下列not that…but that结构中，that=because,所以that-分句也是作原因状语：
I haven’t finished writing the report yet, not that I dislike the work,but that I have not time.
●此外，非限定原因状语分句和无动词原因状语分句
Being extremely selfish, Peter never cared for other people’s sinterests.(现在分词短语)
She was very sad to learn that her mother was dead.（动词不定式）
5、结果状语分句（Adverbial Clause of Result）
表示事态结果的分句结构，通常主句是因，从句是果，位于主句之后。

通常由下列连词引导1）由so that 引导：由so that 引导的结果状语分句通常用逗号与主句隔开，而且that可以省去。

例如：
The room was packed with people, so that we couldn’t get in. （意义接近于并列分句）
The room was packed with people, so we couldn’t get in. (并列句)
2）由that引导；不论在疑问句或陈述句均可用that-分句表示结果。

例如：
Have you finished all your homework that you are now sitting idle here?
He must have hurt your feelings that you were so angry with him.
●在否定陈述句后面，that能引导否定分句，并通过双重否定来表示肯定的因果关系。

例
如：
He never played with the children tha t a quarrel did not follow. 一……就……
=He never played with the children without quarrelling with them.
可以改写为He never played with children but that/but a quarrel followed.分句中不再用not。

●So+形容词、副词+that-分句和such(a+名词+that-分句结构。

He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.
She spoke so eloquently that we all moved to tears.
6、目的状语分句（Adverbial Clause of Purpose）
能引导目的状语分句的连词通常是so that, in order that, that so, lest, in case 等,较常用的是so that。

He spoke through a microphone so that everyone would/could hear him.
在非正式语体中常用in case引导目的状语分句，表示“以防”“以免”等含义。

例如：
He left early in case he should miss the train.
7、条件状语分句（Adverbial Clause of Condition）真实条件状语分句和非真实条件状语分句。

引导条件状语分句的连词通常是if, unless:
I would have written her if I had found her address.
Unless you tell him yourself, he’ll lose faith in you completely.
●Unless在意义上相当于if…not,因此，在有些场合，由if引导的否定条件分句（主要是
真实条件分句）往往可为unless引导的肯定条件分句所取代。

例如:
The engine will not run efficiently if the correct fuel is not used.
The engine will not run efficiently unless the correct fuel is used.
●当say用于“假定”的意义是，也可引导条件分句。

例如：
Say we paid them in advance, would they do it?
●if only 是if的强调式，通常表示说话人的愿望。

例如：
If only it clear up, we’ll go.
非真实条件句上两课已讲，本课省略
8、让步状语分句（Adverbial Clause of Concession）
让步状语从句主要由though, although 引导，也可由even if , even though, granted(that) for all that 等复杂连词引导，还可由in spite of the fact that等结构引导。

让步状语分句在句中前置是强调主句的内容，后置时强调从句的内容。

例如：
Although there were only one hundred foreign students in our school in 1980, there are more than three thousand now.
He is quite experienced, he is young, though.尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。

●在正式预提或文学作品中，为了强调让步意义，可用as,引导让步分句，这时要讲将分
句的补语或状语置于句首。

例如：
Rich as he is, I don’t envy him.=I don’t envy him, even though he is rich.
=However rich he may be, I don’t envy him.
=No matter how rich he is, I don’t envy him.
二、评注性状语分句和连接性状语分句并非修饰谓语，而是修饰整个句子，或者根本不起修饰作用，而仅起承上启下的作用。

例如：
I think, I admit, I believe, God knows, who knows, you see,等插入语，要与主句用逗号隔开。