外研版高二英语选修6_Module2_语法精品学案

Module2 语法精品学案
【学习目标】
1. Grammar: Adverbial clauses with –ing(1) (2)
2. Deal with Listening and V ocabulary.
【学习重点和难点】
1. v- ing形式作状语
2. On/Upon doing sth
【学习策略指导】借助多媒体引导学生自主学习，合作探究
【预习自学】预习课本18--21页，并完成相关练习
【教学环节设计】
Step1. Grammar
I. 动词的- ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式具有副词的功能，可在句中作状语，说明谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况，相当于其所对应的状语从句。

1. 作原因状语
Being ill, she didn't go to school yesterday. = As/ Because she was ill, she didn't go to school yesterday.
Not having received an answer (= as I hadn't received an answer), I wrote to him again.
2. 作伴随状语
All the students sat in the classroom, waiting for their teacher.
He sat at the table reading China Daily.
3. 作结果状语
The old man died, leaving nothing but debts.
The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.
4. 作条件状语
Turning to the right (= If you turn to the right), you'll find the place you want. Seeing from the top of the hill (= If you see from the top of the hill ), you'll find the city more beautiful.
5. 作时间状语
Hearing the good news (= When he heard the good news ), he jumped with joy. Having finished his work (= After he finished his work), Henry went home.
★小结：
1. 若现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时存在或同时发生，用现在分词的一般式(-ing); 若现在分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，则用现在分词的完成式（having done)。

2. 分词作状语的基本原则
（1）分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

（2）分词作状语必须和句中的主语保持逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。

（3）v-ing 的否定式为not + v-ing, 而且v-ing 前可以有介词或连词。

▲What can you conclude from theses sentences?
On seeing her, the king immediately falls in love with her.
He marries her, not knowing who she really is.
Before leaving his kingdom, he calls his son to him.
While sitting by a pool, Ferdinand sees a frog.
【拓展】独立主格
独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。

前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。

独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。

独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。

其作用相当于一个状语从句。

1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同；可放在句首或句尾，一般有逗号与主句分开。

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。

The work finished, we went home happily.
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand.
2. 有些分词短语(或类似分词短语的连词或介词）可以作独立成分，其形式的选择不受上下文的限制。

如：according to (根据); judging from (从......判断); talking/ speaking of (谈到); supposing/ providing that (假如); generally speaking (一般说来); frankly speaking (坦率地说); strictly speaking (严格地讲)；considering ... (考虑到)等。

Judging from his face, the computer he has just bought satisfies his needs.
He looks young considering his age.
Step2. Listening and V ocabulary
1. … to do something in order to hurt or punish someone...
punish v. 惩罚punishment n.惩罚；处罚unpunished adj. 免受处罚的
punish sb. for (doing) sth.因（做）某事而惩罚某人
punish sb. by doing sth. 用......来惩罚某人
He punished the children for their carelessness by making them pay for the damage.
2. On seeing her, the king immediately falls in love with her. 一见到她，国王就爱上了她。

"on/upon +(doing) sth. "在句中作状语，意为“一......就”，相当于as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。

注意v-ing的逻辑主语要和句子的主语保持一致。

On/ Upon his return from Beijing, he began his research work.
The woman cried out on hearing the news.
【拓展】其他“一......就......”的表达方式：
⑴ as soon as 引导的时间状语从句
As soon as I see him, I'll tell him the matter.
⑵ the moment/ minute/ instant引导句子
I recognised her the moment/instant I saw her．
⑶ immediately/ instantly/ directly引导句子
Tell me immediately he arrives here.
⑷no sooner ...than… ; hardly/ scarcely... when/ before…
I had no sooner seen her than I asked her about the matter.
= No sooner had I seen her than I asked her about the matter.
He had hardly got off the bus when he met an old friend.
= Hardly had he got off the bus when he met an old friend.
3. Before he leaves for the war, Argon asks his handsome son, Ferdinand, to revenge if he get killed.
revenge v. & n. 复仇报仇
revenge sb. 替某人报仇
revenge oneself on sb./be revenged on sb. 向某人报仇
take (one's) revenge on sb. for sth. 因某事向某人报仇
out of / in revenge for sth.为了报复
He revenge his dead brother.他为死去的兄弟报了仇。

He revenged himself on his enemies. 他向敌人报了仇。

Terrorists bombed the police station in / out of revenge for the arrests. 为了报复逮捕行动，恐怖分子用炸弹袭击了警察局。

【检测反馈】
I. 单项选择
1. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ____ and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved
B. moving
C. to move
D. being moved
2. ____ back to life , the sailor found all his things ____ at sea.
A. Come; missing
B. Coming; lost
C. Having come; going
D. Coming; missed
3. The glass doors have taken place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ____ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let
B. letting
C. let
D. having let
4. "You can't catch me!" Janet shouted, ____ away.
A. run
B. running
C. to run
D. ran
5. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form
B. form
C. forming
D. having formed
6. "Hope for the best and prepare for the worst." is a proverb, ____ life is beautiful and full of frustrations as well.
A. meaning
B. to mean
C. means
D. meant
7. Though ____ natural resources, the area is well developed.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacked in
D. lacking in
8. While walking through the forest, ____ .
A. a fox seen by the hunter
B. seeing a fox
C. the hunter saw a fox
D. the hunter's eyes were hurt by a branch
9. When ____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. comparing
B. being compared
C. compared
D. having compared
10. The final exam ____, your parents will not probably allow you to listen to music.
A. drawing near
B. draw near
C. is drawing near
D. is drew near
11. Finding her car stolen, ____.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
12. ____ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked
B. Check
C. If you check
D. To check
13. ____ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
A. Not knowing
B. Knowing not
C. Having not known
D. Not known
14. With his son ____ him, the old man runs a very big company successfully.
A. to be helped
B. helping
C. being helped
D. to help
15. ____ on the top of the mountain, we can see an ancient tower ____back to two hundred years ago.
A. Standing; dating
B. To stand; to date
C. Having stood; dating
D. Stand; dated
16. In the reading room, we found Mary ____ at a desk, with her attention ____ on a novel.
A. sitting; fixed
B. sit; fixed
C. sitting; to be fixed
D. seating; fixed
17. He was busy writing a story, only ____ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A. to stop
B. stopping
C. to have stopped
D. having stopped
18. ____ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail
B. Failed
C. To fail
D. Having failed
19. Tom didn't escape being scolded for their quarrel while Mary was lucky to run away, ____.
A. not punished
B. unpunishing
C. not punishing
D. unpunished
20. Zhang Jun and Li Li are both doctors and they ____ for ten years.
A. have married
B. have got married
C. have been married
D. have married to
21. He ____ his dead brother.
A. revenged
B. revenge
C. revenged on
D. revenged for
22. On turning on the computer, ____.
A. Mum told me to have supper
B. a game appeared on the screen
C. there was something wrong with the mouse.
D. I found a strange E-mail.
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. 放下；写下_______________________
2. 轮流_____________________________
3. 靠近站着______________________
4. 去当兵;作战______________________
5. 向外可看到______________________
6. 用咒符镇住_____________________
7. 复仇___________________________
8. 接受某人建议___________________
9. 赢得某人的心___________________
10. 与某人相爱_____________________
【学后反思】
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________。