Step by Step Book 1 unit10

Unit 10
For Peace and Development
Objectives
1.Listen to some statements about China’s economic developemnt.
Fill in the blanks with numbers
2.listen to some news hadlines. Supply the missing information.
3.Dictation
nguage study and language appreciation
Part 1 Warming up
trade surplus
贸易顺差
Trade deficit ['defisit]
gross domestic product (GDP)
国内生产总值
annual growth 全年增长
foreign investment外国投资
foreign exchange reserves外汇储备
VOCABULARY
surplus
(an amount) additional to what is needed or used；An amount or a quantity in excess of what is needed.
剩余额：超过需要的总额或数量
[会计]盈余
Excess of a corporation's net assets over the face value of its capital stock.
超净资产：一家公司的总资产超过该公司股票面值的部分
Excess of receipts over expenditures.
盈余：扣除开支以外的收入盈余额gross domestic product
国内生产总值
fold
of or by the stated number of times
-fold （后缀）加在数字之后构成表“倍数”“重”之意的形容词、副词，
eg: a four-fold increase 增加4倍
capital
wealth, especially money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business
Wealth in the form of money or property, used or accumulated in a business by a person, partnership, or corporation.
资本：以货币或财产形式存在的财富，被一个人、一群合伙人或一个公司在其商业活动中使用或聚集
Material wealth used or available for use in the production of more wealth.
资产：用来或可用来制造更多财富的物质财富的资产
reserve
a quantity of something kept for future use
Something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose. 储备物，收藏：留存下来供将来使用或用于某一特殊目的的东西
To keep back, as for future use or for a special purpose.
保留，收藏：保留，如用于将来使用或某一特殊的目的
Listen to some statements about China’s economic developemnt. Fill in the blanks with numbers
1.U S$183.76 billion / US$140. 17 / US$ 43. 6 billion
2.s eventh
3.6, 000 yuan
4.9.6%
5.U S$40 billion
6.s econd largest / US$ 151. 51 billion
B. key words
World Bank
世界银行
International Monetary Fund (IMF) （联合国）国际货币基
金组织
OPEC
欧佩克，石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
acronym
production quotas 生产预计额, 生产定额
生产指标
生产限额
unemployment rate 失业率
share prices
股票价格
the Dow Jones Industrial Average
道琼斯工业平均指数
quotas
A proportional share, as of goods, assigned to a group or to each member of a group; an allotment.
定额：一定比例的份额，如货物，分配给一组或一组中的每个成员；配给物
A production assignment. 分配额：生产配量
The maximum number, especially of people, that may be admitted to a nation, a group, or an institution.
限额：被招纳入一个国家、小组或机构所允许的最大数目，尤指人
stabilize
To make stable or steadfast.
使稳定或稳固
To maintain the stability of (an airplane or ship, for example) by means of a stabilizer.
使稳定平衡：通过平衡装置维持（如，飞机或船）的稳定
To keep from fluctuating; fix the level of:
防止…的波动；平抑：
stabilize prices. 平抑价格
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To become stable, steadfast, or fixed. 变得稳定、稳固或固定
share
Abbr. sh., shr.Any of the equal parts into which the capital stock of a corporation or company is divided.
缩写sh.，shr.股份：一个合作公司或公司的股票资金被分成相等部分的任一份
stock
股票
The capital or fund that a corporation raises through the sale of shares entitling the stockholder to dividends and to other rights of ownership, such as voting rights.
股本：商业团体通过出卖股票而积聚的资金或基金，保证给予股票持有者分红或其他权利，如选举权
The number of shares that each stockholder possesses.
股份：股票持有者拥有的股票份额
The New Y ork stock exchange crashed in 1929.
纽约股票交易所于一九二九年大崩溃。

unrestricted
不严格的
trillion
The cardinal number equal to 1012.
万亿，兆：基数，等于1012
listen to some news hadlines. Supply the missing information. TAPESCRIPT
1.a n unrestricted trade area
2.r oads, airports and water supplies
3.e xpanding trade in the area
4.e ase the debt
5.7%
6.7.1% / one trillion dollars
7.5.3%
8.276 / 2.7%
C. key words
the Panama Canal
n. 巴拿马运河(穿过巴拿马地峡，接通太平洋和大西洋)
transfer
to move from on position to another
To convey or cause to pass from one place, person, or thing to another.
转移：传递或使从一个地方、人或事物移到另一地方、人或事物
Law To make over the possession or legal title of; convey.
【法律】转让：将财产或法律权利转让；让与
To convey (a design, for example) from one surface to another, as by impression.
转印：把（比如，一个图案）从一个表面转到另一个表面，如通过印制的方法
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To move oneself from one location or job to another.
调动：使自己调换地方工作
To withdraw from one educational institution or course of study and enroll in another.
转学：退出一个教育机构或一门课程并加入到另一个中去
To change from one public conveyance to another:
转乘：从一种公共交通设施转换到另一个：transferred to another bus.
转乘另一辆公共汽车
hoist
to raise (a flag, etc)
To raise or haul up with or as if with the help of a mechanical apparatus.See Synonyms at lift
升起，提起：凭机械装置举起或扯起参见lift v.intr.（不及物动词）
To become raised or lifted.
被举起或抬高
n.（名词）
An apparatus for lifting heavy or cumbersome objects.
起重机：用来提举重物或难处理物体的设备The act of hoisting; a lift.
举起的行为；扯起
Listen to a short news item about the Panama Canal handover. Write down every word you hear. The news item will be read to you three times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second reading, the
passage will be read sentence by sentence or phrase by phrase. Do the activity during the second reading. The third reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.
Tapescritps:
The United States has formally transferred the Panama Canal to Panama.
Thousands of flag-waving Panamanians
cheered the hoisting of Panama’s flag over the Canal Commission headquarters,
ending nearly a century of U.S. control.
Part 2 The Panama Canal handover
Key words
the Panama Canal
A ship canal, about 82 km (51 mi) long, crossing the Isthmus of Panama in the Canal Zone and connecting the Caribbean Sea with the Pacific Ocean. It was begun by the French in 1881, but the project was abandoned in 1889. The United States gained construction rights after Panama declared its independence in 1903, and the canal was opened to traffic on August 15, 1914. A 1977 treaty stipulated that the Panamanians gain full rights of sovereignty over the canal on December 31, 1999. 巴拿马运河：一条船运河，长约82公里(51英里)，穿过位于运河地带的巴拿马海峡，连接加勒比海和太平洋。

由法国始建于1881年，但此工程于1889年被废弃。

美国于1903年巴拿马宣布独立后获得它的建筑权，此运河于1914年8月15日开通，1977年条约规定巴拿马人于1999年12月31日获得巴拿马运河的统治权
hard labor
hard work
cut off
cut short
To stop before the end; abbreviate.
缩短：在结束之前终止；缩短
To separate from others; isolate.
分离，隔离：从其它物体中分离出来；使隔绝To stop suddenly; discontinue.
突然停止；中断
To shut off; bar.
切断；阻拦
To interrupt the course or passage of:
截断：截断…的道路或通道：
The infielder cut off the throw to the plate.
内野手把球截断并投向本垒板
To interrupt or break the line of communication of:
中断，打断：中断或打断…的通讯线路：
The telephone operator cut us off.
电话接线员把我们的线路切断了
To disinherit:
剥夺…的继承权：
cut their heirs off without a cent.
完全剥夺了他们继承人的继承权
engineering marvels
swamp
land which is always full of or covered with water
A seasonally flooded bottomland with more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog.
沼泽地：随季节淹没的低地，带有比湿地多的木质植物，比泥塘的排水要好
A lowland region saturated with water.
湿低地：浸满了水的低洼地区
A situation or place fraught with difficulties and imponderables: 困境：充满困难和难以估计之事件的情况或地方：a corporate swamp; a financial swamp.
共同的困境；财政困境
jungle
a tropical forest too thick to walk through easily
A Jungle is a very thick dense tropical forest. Jungles used to have many kinds of animals.
森林. 丛林
Land densely overgrown with tropical vegetation.
热带植丛：长满了密集的热带植物的地带
A dense thicket or growth. 丛林，密林：茂密的灌木丛或生长物
A dense, confused mass; a jumble.
混乱：杂乱、混乱的一堆；混乱
A place or milieu characterized by intense, often ruthless competition or struggle for survival:
弱肉强食的地方：为生存而残酷竞争或斗争的地方：
the corporate jungle. 公司竞争
malaria [mə'lɛəriə]
a common disease of hot countries, which causes attacks of fever and coldness in turn
An infectious disease characterized by cycles of chills, fever, and sweating, caused by the parasitic infection of red blood cells by a protozoan of the genus Plasmodium, which is transmitted by the bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito. Also called paludism, swamp fever
疟疾：一种传染性疾病，症状为周期性地感到冷、热和发汗，病因是寄生于红血球的一种疟原虫属原生动物，这种动物通过已感染病菌的雌性疟蚊传播也作swamp fever
deposit
通过自然过程而放下
money paid at the beginning of a business agreement, to be held in case the agreement is not kept
A sum of money given as security for an item acquired for temporary use.
押金，保证金：为暂时使用某物而拿出的作为担保的一笔钱
lock
a stretch of water closed off by gates, especially on a canal
A section of a waterway, such as a canal, closed off with gates, in which vessels in transit are raised or lowered by raising or lowering the water level of that section.
水闸：用门关住的水道的一部分，如运河。

其中通过升高或降低这部分的水位可以抬升或压低运输中的船只
To equip (a waterway) with locks.
（在水道上）装上水闸
To pass (a vessel) through a lock.
使（船）通过水闸
toll
(3$10) a tax paid for the right to use something
A fixed charge or tax for a privilege, especially for passage across a bridge or along a road. 费用，通行费：获得某种特权所要交的固定费用或税款，特别是为了通过一座桥梁或一条道路
A charge for a service, such as a long-distance telephone call.
服务费：获得某种服务必须缴纳的费用，例如长途电话服务费
The amount or extent of loss or destruction, as of life, health, or property, caused by a disaster.
代价：如生命健康或财产方面等实际造成的损失或毁坏的数量或程度To exact as a toll. 收费
To charge a fee for using (a structure, such as a bridge).
收通行费：由于使用（某种设备，例如一座桥梁）而征收费用marvel
something that causes wonder and admiration
奇迹
relinquish[ri'liŋkwiʃ]
to give up ( power)
To retire from; give up or abandon.
离开；放弃或抛弃
He relinquished his habits.
他放弃了他的习惯。

To put aside or desist from (something practiced, professed, or intended). 作罢，断念：停止或把（练习过的，专长的或想做的事）放在一边
To let go; surrender.放开；放弃
To cease holding physically; release:松开；放开：
relinquish a grip.松开掌握
coincide [.kəuin'said]
to happen at the same time
To happen at the same time or during the same period.
同时发生：发生在相同时间或相同时期
To occupy the same relative position or the same area in space. 占同一位置：在空间占相同的位置或区域
To correspond exactly; be identical. 完全相应；相同
To agree exactly, as in opinion; concur.See Synonyms at
agree 一致，同意：完全同意，如在意见上；同时发生参见agree
恰巧相合；刚好重合
一致；相符合
My ideas coincide with his. 我的想法与他的一致。

The members of the committee do not coincide in opinion. 委员会的委员们意见不合。

yellow fever
黄热病An infectious tropical disease caused by an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes, especially A. aegypti, and Haemagogus and characterized by high fever, jaundice, and dark-colored vomit resulting from gastrointestinal hemorrhaging. Also called yellow jack
黄热病：一种传染性热带疾病，由伊顿属蚊子，尤其是黄热蚊和趋血蚊属蚊子传播的虫媒病毒引起，特征是高烧、黄疸和由胃肠大出血引起的黑色呕吐物也作yellow jack
deposit
To lay down or leave behind by a natural process: turn over
To transfer to another; surrender:
移交；交出：
turned over the illegal funds.
交出了非法资金
To bring the bottom to the top or vice versa; invert.
翻转，翻过来：把底翻到上面或相反面；翻转
To shift the position of, as by rolling from one side to the other. 翻滚：改变位置，似乎通过从一边到另一边滚动
To shift one's position by rolling from one side to the other.
翻身：从一边滚向另一边改变位置
To rotate; cycle:
旋转；转动：
The engine turned over but wouldn't start.
发动机转了一圈，但是没有起动
initial agreement
Initial is the first process of doing something
For example: Her initial concept was rejected for a later concept.
最初的, 词首的, 初始的
（条约正式签订之前的）草签
initial
开始的；最初的
the initial stages of an undertaking
一项事业的最初阶段
The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.
最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。

A.Listen to three short paragraphs about the Panama Canal. Draw
lines to match the paragraph number with its main ideas Paragraph 1 c Paragraph 2 a Paragraph 3 b Tapescripts:
During the first half of the 19th century much thought was given to building the Panama Canal. The discovery of gold in California in 1848 brought an increased demand for a transportation link across Panama. A railroad line was completed after 6 years of hard labor in the swamps and jungles. Over 2,000 workmen died from yellow
fever and malaria. For 11 years workmen struggled against heat and disease.
The canal cuts thousands of miles off sea journeys between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, raising ships from one ocean and depositing them in the other through a system of water locks and a man-made lake.
Some 14,000 ships pass through the canal every year, and pay $540 million in tolls.
The canal remains one of the engineering marvels of the world. It played a critical role in the development of global commerce.
This month the United States relinquished control of the Panama Canal. Panamanian President and former U.S. President Jimmy Carter
signed a document turning over the canal and the land surrounding it to Panama.
It was in 1977, during Mr. Carter’s administration, that the U.S. and Panama made the initial agreement: the canal cones under Panamanian’s control December 31.
B.Listen to the following news item. Complete the summary and
details.
Summary: Panama taking ownership of Panama Canal Details:
a.n oon Friday / 90 years
b.are planning celebration s
TAPESCRIPT
And Panama takes the ownership of the Panama Canal from the United States at noon Friday, ending more than 90 years of U.S. control of the waterway. Panamanians are planning the day of celebrations to mark the event, which coincides with New Year’s Eve festivities. United States late Thursday lowered its flag over the Panama Canal for the last time with the brief ceremony attended by the Panamanian President.
Part 3 Financial news
rebound
moving quickly back to a former level after falling
A springing or bounding back; a recoil.
反弹，弹回，跳回：跳回或弹回；反冲Sports A rebounding or caroming ball or hockey puck.
【体育运动】反弹球：球类运动或冰球运动中的反弹球或反撞球
collapse
the act of breaking down
To fall down or inward suddenly; cave in.
倒塌：突然倒下或塌陷；塌陷
To break down suddenly in strength or health and thereby cease to function:
崩溃：力量或健康突然停顿并因此陷于瘫痪：
a monarchy that collapsed. 崩溃的君主制
To fold compactly: 折叠：紧凑地对折起来：
chairs that collapse for storage. 折起椅子以便收藏
To cause to fold, break down, or fall down or inward.
reversal
being opposite to the former in direction
The act or an instance of reversing.
倒转，颠倒：颠倒或翻转的行为或实例The state of being reversed. 被翻转，被颠倒：被翻转或颠倒的状态A usually adverse change in fortune: 逆转，恶化：在运气中通常不利的改变：
financial reversals. 财政逆转
decline
movement to a lower worse position
To deteriorate gradually; fail. 逐渐恶化；衰败
下降；下滑；下倾衰退；衰落
an empire that has declined
业已衰落的帝国
turnaround
a change to an opposite and usually better situation
The act or an instance of turning about and facing or moving in the opposite direction; a reversal: 转身，转向：转过头面对相反的方向，可向相
反的方向移动的行为或事例；向后转：
Stock prices fell in the morning but rallied in a dramatic afternoon turnaround.
股票价格在早上下跌，但在下午又戏剧性的爬升
A shift or change in opinion, loyalty, or allegiance.
转变，变卦，变节：观点、忠诚或态度的转变或变化
revival
a case of something being brought back into use or existence
The act or an instance of reviving.
复兴, 苏醒，复活：新生的行为或实例
The condition of being revived.
复苏：被给予新生的状态
A restoration to use, acceptance, activity, or vigor after a period of obscurity or quiescence.
重振，恢复：在一段时期的默默无闻或平静之后重归使用、接纳、活动或活力
A new presentation of an old play, movie, opera, ballet, or similar vehicle.
复兴，重新流行：旧的戏剧、电影、歌剧、芭蕾或类似媒介物的新出现
Seattle
A city of west-central Washington bounded by Puget Sound and Lake Washington. First settled in the 1850's, it prospered after the coming of the railroad in 1884 and became a boom town during the Alaskan gold rush of 1897. It is now an important commercial, transportation, and industrial hub and a major port of entry. Population, 516,259.
西雅图：美国华盛顿州中西部的一个城市，位于普吉湾和华盛顿湖沿岸，19世纪50年代首批居民在此定居，1884年火车开通车后开始繁荣起来，在1897年阿拉斯加淘金热潮中成为一个新兴城市。

它现在是重要的商业、运输、工业中心及主要进口港。

人口516,259
Stanley Fisher
斯坦利（男子名）费歇尔
spectacular
壮观的；引人入胜的
Of the nature of a spectacle; impressive or sensational.
壮观的：场面自然的；给人留下深刻印象的或轰动的
n.（名词）
Something that is spectacular, as:
壮观的东西，如：
A single dramatic production of unusual length or lavishness. 豪华节目：耗费巨资、时间漫长的一个戏剧的制作
An elaborate display.
精心设计的展览
amid
Surrounded by; in the middle of.
被…包围；在…中间
在…之中
Amid warm applause the honoured guests mounted the rostrum. 在热烈的掌声中贵宾们登上了主席台。

financial crisis
A.Listen to a news item. Complete the sumary and the details. Summary: world economy
Details:
a.T he economy of the world is very good
b.The improving economy in Asia is especially good
c.Economy conditions are improving in South America, especially in Brazil
TAPESCRIPT
Financial news
A top official with the International Monetary Fund says the economy of the world is very good. Stanley Fisher is the deputy director of the IMF. He says the improving economy in Asia is especially good. Mr. Fisher also says Indonesia is showing signs of growth, and he says economy conditions are improving in South America, especially in Brazil.
B.Now listen to this news report. Match Column A with Column B.
1.g
2.f
3.e
4.a & d
5.c
6.b
7.h
Tapescript:
The deputy chief of the International Monetary Fund Stanley Fisher says the world economy is basically in good shape, particularly when compared with the
several financial crises of the past two years.
Mr. Fisher says Asia’s rebound from the near economic collapse in the late 1997 has been remarkable. Speaking to reporters, Mr. Fisher says even Indonesia, the hardest hit country, is showing signs of growth. “The Asian recovery now looks spectacular in most countries, especially in South Korea.”
South Korea’s economy is growing at a 7% annual rate. That’s an amazing reversal from an even larger decline in 1998. Mr. Fisher praised Brazil, saying it’s made an extraordinary turnaround from its financial crisis of only one year ago. The IMF official said Russia’s economy is similarly in an improved situation.
Mr. Fisher says an important
objective of economic policy makers in New Year should be the revival of the global free trade negotiations that collapsed amid the violent protest in Seattle, Washington six weeks ago.
Part 4 Language study and language appreciation。