2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：37

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
As nineteenth century American cultural aspirations expanded, women stepped into a new role as interpreters of art, both by writing works on art history and by teaching art.
问题1选项
A.ambitions
B.imagination
C.patronage
D.opportunities
【答案】A
【解析】句意：随着19世纪美国文化抱负的扩大，女性通过撰写艺术史作品和教授艺术，开始扮演艺术印象派的新角色。

aspirations意为“愿望，志向，抱负”。

ambitions 抱负，雄心，野心；imagination 想象（力），空想；patronage 赞助，光顾；opportunities机会。

选项A与之意思相近。

2.
单选题
It was reported that the project （）by the end of this month.
问题1选项
A.will be completed
B.would have been completed
C.would have completed
D.will have been completed
【答案】B
【解析】句意：据报道，该项目将于本月底完成。

根据was和by+时间可知，这里应该用would+过去完成时，首先排除选项A和D；项目是被完成，所以选项B正确。

3.
单选题
What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, "I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself." In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?
Professor Jereald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie", such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.
Research has also been done into the way of people's behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch（痒）.
Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book ManWatching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be interpreted as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.
Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and, in particular, the context in which the lie is told.
1.One sometimes tells one's friend a “white lie” because one wants to
（）.
2.One research suggests that women （）.
3.It can be inferred from the passage that
（）.
4.People may rub their noses when they lie because （）.
5.It can be learned from the passage that（）.
问题1选项
A.make a profit from the other person
B.avoid offending the other person
C.convince the other person
D.have some fun
问题2选项
A.generally life far more than men
B.tend to tell more serious lies than men
C.make more promises they can fulfill than men
D.are better at telling less serious lies than men
问题3选项
A.politicians tend to tell intentional lies
B.men are less skilled at telling lies
C.businessmen seldom break their promises
D.women tend to make false promises 问题4选项
A.they suffer from high blood pressure at the time
B.the nose is the most sensitive part of the human body
C.the nose reveals the liar more easily than the other parts of the face
D.they do so in order to stop themselves from telling more lies
问题5选项
A.lies can easily be detected by careful observers
B.lies are usually accompanied by strange gestures
C.people are able to tell a lie when they hear others lying
D.a liar may give away his or her intention unconsciously
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】1.推理判断题。

根据下文的举例：比如一个女士在派对上对另一个女士说，她喜欢她的衣服，而实际上她觉得它看起来很糟糕。

由此可推测，这样说是为了避免冒犯他人，选项B正确。

2.事实细节题。

根据第二段倒数第二句“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies...”其他研究人员表示，男性更有可能说一些更严重的谎言。

选项D是对原文的反向表达，意思是一致的，所以正确。

3.推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句“This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.”这是政客和商人应该特别擅长的谎言：说谎者希望从谎言中获利或在某些方面得到好处。

由此可推测，政客们倾向于故意说谎，选项A符合原文。

4.事实细节题。

根据第三段的最后两句“One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.”对此的一种解释可能是说谎会导致血压轻微升高。

鼻尖对于这种变化非常敏感，血压增加会使它发痒。

选项A符合原文。

5.推理判断题。

本题可采用排除法。

选项A和C在文中没有提及；选项B符合原文；选项D无法直接从文中的信息推导出来，所以选项B更恰当。

4.
单选题
Let me stand in with you if it's very expensive.
问题1选项
A.bargain for you
B.borrow money for you
C.share the cost with you
D.stand on your side
【答案】C
【解析】stand in with意为与……联合，同……分担。

bargain for you讨价还价；borrow money for you 借钱；share the cost with you一起承担；stand on your side 站在你这边。

选项C与之意思相近。

5.
单选题
The Badlands National Park was established in South Dakota to preserve this weirdly beautiful region.
问题1选项
A.truly
B.strangely
C.exceedingly
D.impressively 【答案】B
【解析】句意：荒地国家公园是在南达科塔州建立的，旨在保护这个奇特的美丽地区。

weirdly意为“古怪地，奇特地”。

truly真实地；strangely奇妙地，不可思议地；exceedingly非常，极其；impressively 令人难忘地。

选项B与之意思相近。

6.
单选题
（）as only a second-rate Impressionist painter, Pisarro has recently received high praise from art critics.
问题1选项
A.He was long regarded
B.Long was he regarded
C.Long regarded
D.Being long regarded
【答案】C
【解析】考查分词做状语。

再由这里事情的发生有先后顺序知使用一般过去式的C项正确；D项的被动式现在分词表原因，所以不正确。

句意：长期以来，Pisarro一直被认为是二流印象派画家，最近他受到了艺术评论家的高度赞扬。

7.
单选题
Americans feel that using someone's words in a research paper without referencing them is tantamount to stealing.
问题1选项
A.necessary
B.unbelievable
C.acceptable
D.equivalent
【答案】D
【解析】句意：美国人认为，在研究论文中使用某人的话而不提及他们，就相当于是抄袭。

tantamount意为“等于，相当于”。

equivalent相等的，同意义的。

选项D与之意思相近。

8.
单选题
Psychologists think of attitudes as being predisposition toward objects or events that determine the way people react to different stimuli.
问题1选项
A.prior inclinations
B.prescriptions
C.precautions
D.principal commitments
【答案】A
【解析】心理学家认为态度是对事物或事件的一种倾向，它决定了人们对不同刺激的反应方式。

predisposition意为“ 倾向”。

prior inclinations 倾向，爱好；prescriptions 医药处方；precautions预防措施，预警；principal commitments主要承诺。

选项A与之意思相近。

9.
单选题
The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax （）. 问题1选项
A.efficiency
B.revenues
C.privileges
D.validity
【答案】B
【解析】efficiency效率，效能，功效；revenue税收收入，收益；privilege特权，优待；validity有效性，正确性。

句意：城市规划委员会表示，他们对明年的财政前景持乐观态度。

他们期望税收收入增加。

选项B符合句意。

10.
单选题
The automobile's exhaust system （）foul-smelling fumes.
问题1选项
A.Attracted
B.condensed
C.absorbed
D.emitted
【答案】D
【解析】attract 吸引，引起；condense浓缩，凝结；absorb 吸收，使……全神贯注；emit 发出，排放，放射。

句意：汽车的排气系统排放出难闻的废气。

选项D符合句意。

11.
单选题
Scientists have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses appetite and results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects.
问题1选项
A.科学家们己经研制出了一种减肥药,它能有效地抑制食欲,导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。

B.科学家们己经开发出了一种减肥药,它能成功地控制食欲,使体重显著下降,同时有明显的不良反应。

C.科学家们己经研制出了一种减食疗法的药, 它能有效地抑制食欲, 导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。

【答案】A
【解析】首先，“slimming drug”应翻译为减肥药，没有提及减食疗法，所以首先排除选项C；根据“without any apparent ill effects.”可知，应该是没有明显的不良反应，所以选项B错误。

选项A 翻译最为准确。

12.
单选题
The first settlers found so much work to do that they had little time for nostalgia.
问题1选项
A.leisure
B.nosebleed
C.homesickness
D.hobbies
【答案】C
【解析】句意：第一批移民发现有这么多工作要做，他们没有时间思念家乡。

nostalgia意为“怀旧，思乡”。

homesickness乡愁。

选项C与之意思相近。

13.
单选题
The groom's hand caressed the soft mane of the horse.
问题1选项
A.provoked
bed
C.struck
D.fondled
【答案】D
【解析】根据句意可知，caressed指的是“爱抚，抚摸”。

provoked激起，挑衅；combed梳理；struck 罢工，打击；fondled抚摸，爱抚。

选项D与之意思相近。

14.
单选题
I suggested he should （）himself to his new conditions.
问题1选项
A.adapt
B.adopt
C.regulate
D.suit
【答案】A
【解析】adapt使适应，改编； adopt采取，接受；regulate调节，规定；suit合适，相称。

根据句意可知，这里应该是使自己适应新环境，所以选项A正确。

15.
单选题
No matter what high positions one may hold, he or she should guard against （）.
问题1选项
A.arrogance
B.artifact
C.archives
D.ascertains
【答案】A
【解析】arrogance 傲慢，自大；artifact 人工制品，手工艺品；archives 档案；ascertain 查明，探究。

句意：不管一个人在多高的位置，他或她都不应该傲慢自大。

选项A符合句意。