新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习考点集训(二十八)Unit1Othercountriesot

考点集训(二十八)Unit 1Other countries，other cultures
Unit 2Witnessing time
对应学生用书p322
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1．Millions of farmers have bee rich, all ____________(benefit) from the Party’s new policy.
2．As far as I’m concerned, nothing is ____________ important than health.
3．German is a developed country, ____________ China is a developing country.
4．Rich ____________ our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
5．Our educational reform was ____________(steady) led onto the correct path.
6．This is my remended approach，____________(consider) the cost and benefit.
7．Martina contented herself ____________ a bowl of soup.
8．Living alone in the remote area, he seems utterly ____________(divorce) from reality.
9．In addition，they spend money on fishing ____________(equip)，bait，fuel and boat repairs.
10．Everyone was assembled at the ____________ (appoint) time.
[答案与解析]
1．benefiting。

句意：数百万的农民富裕起来，他们全都受益于党的新政策。

benefit...from...意为“从……中受益”，all benefiting from the Party’s new policy是独立主格结构。

all和benefit是主动关系，故该空填现在分词形式。

2．more。

句意：就我个人而言，身体健康最重要。

此处是“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级的意思。

3．while。

句意：德国是一个发达国家，而中国是一个发展中国家。

while在此引导状语从句，表对比。

4．as。

句意：虽然我们的国家很富有，但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。

as在此引导让步状语从句。

5．steadily。

steadily副词修饰动词。

6．considering。

considering在此做介词，意为“就……而言”。

7．with。

句意：马丁娜喝了一碗汤就心满意足了。

content onself with“满足，知足”。

8．divorced。

divorced adj.“离婚的、脱离……的”。

divorced from“脱离……的”。

句意：……他似乎完全脱离了现实。

9．equipment。

fishing equipment“渔具”。

10．appointed。

句意：全体人员均按规定时间召集到场。

the appointed time“规定时间”。

二、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
There are 132 rooms，32 bathrooms，and 6 floors to acmodate all the people who live in，work in，and visit the White House. There are also 412 doors，147 windows，28 fireplaces，7 staircases，and 3 lifts.
At various times in history，the White House has been known as the “President's Palace”，the “President's House”，and the“Executive Mansion”. President Theodore Roosevelt officially gave the White House its current name in 1901.
The White House can receive about 6，000 visitors a day. With five full­time chefs，the White House kitchen is able to serve as many as 140 guests and hors d'oeuvres(餐前小吃) to more than 1，000 people.
For recreation, the White House has a variety of facilities available to people who live in it，including a tennis court，a jogging track，a swimming pool，a movie theater and a bowling lane.
The first US president to live in the White House was John Adams. Adams and his family moved to the White House in 1800，when the decoration of the building was not finished. And it was not until during Thomas Jefferson's term(1801-1809) that the decoration was finally pleted.
President John Tyler(1841-1845) was the first president to have his photo taken. President Theodore Roosevelt(1901-1909) was not only the first president to ride in a car，but also the first president to travel outside the country when he visited Panama. President Franklin D．Roosevelt(1932-1945) was the first president to ride in an airplane.
() normal cases, how many people can visit the White House per day?
A．1，000. B．6，000.
C．140. D．570.
() president was in office when the decoration of the White House was pleted?
A．John Adams.
B．John Tyler.
C．Thomas Jefferson.
D．Theodore Roosevelt.
() to the passage，when did the American president first visit a foreign country?
A．Between 1801and 1809.
B．Between 1901 and 1909.
C．Between 1841 and 1845.
D．Between 1932 and 1945.
() is this passage mainly about?
A．How to visit the White House.
B．American presidents.
C．The White House and some presidents who have lived in it.
D．How to protect the White House.
[语篇导读]
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国白宫的结构和里面的设施等，也介绍了在白宫住过的几任总统。

[答案与解析]
11．B。

细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“The White House can receive about 6，000 visitors a day.”可知，白宫每天能接待大约六千名游客，故选B。

12．C。

细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“And it was not until during Thomas Jefferson's term(1801-1809) that the decoration was finally pleted.”可知，直到Thomas Jefferson的任期内，装潢才最终完成，由此可知在白宫的装潢完成时，是Thomas Jefferson执政，故选C。

13．B。

推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“President Theodore Roosevelt(1901-1909) was not only the first president to ride in a car，but also the first president to travel outside the country when he visited Panama”可知，罗斯福总统不仅是第一位乘坐汽车的美国总统，也是第一位访问其他国家的美国总统。

由此可知美国总统第一次访问外国的时间在1901-1909年，故选B。

14．C。

主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国白宫的结构和里面的设施等，也介绍了在白宫住过的几任总统，故选C。

B
Located in Pisa, the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy has bee the sign of Italy. It is the third oldest structure in Pisa's Cathedral Square. There are eight floors in the Leaning Tower of Pisa including observation deck at the top. The weight of the tower is about 14，500 metric tons. There are amazing facts of the Leaning Tower of Pisa that we will mention here.
The Leaning Tower of Pisa was not originally intended to lean, but because it was built on soft soils the tower gradually leaned to one side. Prior to its restoration from 1990 to 2001, the tower had a tilt(倾斜) of degrees. Many people think that it will fall one day. Millions of tourists e to the lawns around the tower to take the classic photo pretending to hold up or knock down the tower.
It is said that you must visit the Leaning Tower of Pisa during the day. At night the shops are closed and it appears unimpressive. But, if you plan to visit on a full moon night, the tower will look charming. Mornings are the best time to beat the crowds. Summer in Pisa is very hot and wet, but you can expect rain in fall and winter.
Even though some people regard the tower to be an engineering failure owing to the tilt, the tower has acquired a special place in history. The tower has also been used for experiments by the
famous Italian scientist named Galileo Galilei. He is believed to have thrown two balls of different mass from the tower to prove that their falling time is not related to their mass.
On your tour you should not miss various places of interest near the Leaning Tower of Pisa including Lucca, Florence, and Santa Maria della Spina.
() will you see if you go to Pisa's Cathedral Square?
A．The Leaning Tower of Pisa standing in the middle.
B．More than one ancient structure to visit.
C．The Leaning Tower of Pisa covering a lot of space.
D．Pisa's amazing buildings around the square.
() does the tower tend to lean to one side?
A．Because it was originally designed like that.
B．Because the base of the tower was not strong.
C．Because many people came to knock it down.
D．Because the builders used lots of soft soils.
() will you visit the tower if you dislike being disturbed?
A．In summer. B．At night.
C．In the morning. D．In winter.
() has made the tower much more famous?
A．It will fall to the ground in the soon future.
B．It is an obvious engineering failure.
C．Galileo once did experiments on the tower.
D．The restoration lasted more than ten years.
[语篇导读]
这是一篇说明文。

描述了比萨斜塔作为意大利的标志性建筑，每年吸引了众多游客。

[答案与解析]
15．B。

细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“It is the third oldest structure in Pisa's Cathedral Square.”可知，在比萨大教堂广场上不仅仅有一座古建筑，因此选项B正确。

16．B。

细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“because it was built on soft soils.”可知，该塔倾斜的原因是它建在松软的土地上，并不是建筑使用了松软的土，故排除D项，B项正确。

17．C。

细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Mornings are the best time to beat the crowds”可知，上午是参观斜塔的最佳时间，那个时候可以避开人群，故选C项。

18．C。

推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段倒数一、二句“The tower has also been used for
experiments by the famous Italian scientist named Galileo Galilei. He is believed to have thrown two balls of different mass from the tower to prove that their falling time is not related to their
mass.”可知，科学家伽利略曾经在斜塔上做过抛下两个不同质量的球体的实验，这使斜塔变
得更加有名，由此可知C项正确。

三、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Create a Mind Map
Most of us think visually but write textually. 19.________ It also makes the information we list more difficult to process，remember，and share.
20．________ It bines the brain's visual nature with our tendency to write down words. We end up with a diagram that bines logic and order in a less structured manner. This promotes clearer thinking and better prehension. 21.________
So，how do you create a mind map？The most basic method is to just use a pen and paper，or a marker and whiteboard. It begins with a central topic or idea and then flows outward.
22.________ The next level of topics is represented by branches extending from it.
There aren't really any rules for creating mind maps. While most flow outwardly from the central topic，some users prefer to build mind maps in one direction. 23.________ This can make groups of ideas easier to identify(识别) and remember. It also makes a mind map more enjoyable to create and use.
Mind maps are extremely effective for taking notes, planning a project, brainstorming an idea, presenting information to others, and many other uses. Take out your pen and have a try.
A．They help to clarify thinking.
B．This goes against how our minds actually work.
C．A mind map is the perfect answer to this dilemma.
D．They help us save time by focusing on key issues.
E．Think of it as a tree, where the central point is the trunk.
F．It's also a lot more enjoyable than simply writing down lists.
G．Others like to add colors, pictures, or symbols in their mind maps.
[语篇导读]
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何构建思维导图以及思维导图的特点和作用。

[答案与解析]
19．B。

根据空前句“Most of us think visually but write textually.”可知，我们大多数人的思考是形象化的，但是用文本写出来，再根据空后句“It also makes the information we list more difficult to process，remember，and share.”可知，这也使我们列出的信息更难处理、记住和共享。

因此可推知，空处也是讲思考与书写方式的不同所造成的弊端。

纵观七个选项，只有B项符合题意。

故选B。

20．C。

根据空后句“It bines the brain's visual nature with our tendency to write down words.”可以判断此处的It指的就是思维导图，所以空处应该是对思维导图的介绍，从而引出文章
主题。

故选C。

dilemma “进退两难的境地，困境”。

21．F。

根据空前句“This promotes clearer thinking and better prehension.”可知，这是对思维导图作用的肯定评价，F项也是对此的肯定评价。

故选F。

22．E。

根据空前句中的“a central topic or idea”和空后句中的branches可知，空处应该是讲把思维导图看作一棵树来构建。

故选E。

23．G。

根据空前句中的“some users prefer to build mind maps in one direction”可知，一些人偏爱在一个方向上构建思维导图，因此接下来应是对另一些人的做法的描述。

故选G。

四、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Recently a Russian friend came to visit me. It was one of her lifelong dreams to visit London. She __24__ at lunchtime and we __25__ a tiring afternoon going round the Tower of London. __26__，by 5 o'clock I couldn't help __27__ that she didn't seem as enthusiastic as she had been __28__. I asked if __29__ was wrong and she said, “This is all very interesting but where is the __30__ and where are the men in bowler hats(圆顶礼帽)? Why did everyone __31__ to get on the bus at the bus stop instead of making a queue? It's very __32__ from the books I've read about England.”
Her __33__ made me think. It's true that people don't __34__ much any more: nowadays you often find that everyone just jumps on the bus. Or maybe this is only in London. Also the idea of a man standing up and offering his__35__ to a woman on a train or bus is __36__ these days, although my father still does it!
Speaking of the__37__：well, we all know that a hundred years ago there used to be fog all year round in London, but we__38__ have much fog; nowadays we have pollution from all the cars! Over the last few years in the__39__ London has been one of the hottest places in Europe, although we still get more than enough rain in the season.
What about the city men in their working “uniform”？Well, you can still see some city gentlemen in their smart __40__，but men hardly ever__41__ bowler hats. A few things don't __42__，though. If you try to__43__ a conversation with an English person on the underground in London, she or he will probably look at you as if you were mad!
() B．went
C．arrived D．returned
() B．spent
C．took D．wasted
() B．But
C．So D．And
() B．understanding
C．watching D．noticing
() B．later
C．recently D．usual
() B．everything
C．nothing D．something
() B．picture
C．fog D．uniform
() B．pull
C．back D．push
() B．similar
C．familiar D．strange
() B．records
C．ments D．lists
() B．queue
C．stand D．draw
() B．book
C．seat D．bag
() B．polite
C．cool D．mon
() B．weather
C．pollution D．season
() or later B．no more
C．no sooner D．no longer
() B．spring
C．summer D．winter
() B．suits
C．jackets D．shirts
() B．mend
C．prepare D．buy
() B．continue
C．turn D．change
() B．start
C．stop D．break
[语篇导读]
本文讲述的是作者的一个俄罗斯朋友到英国来，作者带着她游历伦敦。

这位俄罗斯朋友对伦敦向往已久，但这次的所见所闻已不像当年自己在书上所了解到的一样，有些事情和事物早已改变，但大多数的还是未改变。

作者通过朋友感受到的改变谈了一些自己的看法和感觉。

[答案与解析]
24．C。

考查动词辨析。

A.离开；B.前往；C.到达；D.回来。

前文作者有提到近些日子有一个来自俄罗斯的朋友看望他，来伦敦玩一直是她的梦想。

She __24__ at lunchtime...句意：
她是在午餐时间来的。

故选C。

25．B。

考查动词辨析。

A.迷失，丢失；B.花费；C.拿，取，花费；D. 浪费。

根据分析排除A、D两项。

spend和take都有花费之意，spend的主语必须是人，用法是：spend time / money (in) doing sth. take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有：It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。

...and we __25__ a tiring afternoon going round the Tower of London.主语是人，后面的动词going又是v­ing形式，故选B。

26．A。

考查连词辨析。

A.然而；B.但是；C.所以；D.和，与。

根据前后句意分析横线上应填一个表转折关系的词，所以排除C、D两项。

A、B两项都表转折，但however表转折放在句首时应用逗号隔开，but则不用逗号隔开，故选A。

27．D。

考查动词辨析。

A.看；B.理解；C.观看；D.注意到，留意到。

... by 5 o'clock I couldn't help __27__ that she didn't seem as enthusiastic as she had been __28__．句意：下午五点时，我禁不住留意到她似乎没有早先时候有热情了。

故选D。

28．A。

考查副词辨析。

A.早地，早先的时候；B.后来，稍后；C.近来，最近；D.通常的。

... by 5 o'clock I couldn't help __27__ that she didn't seem as enthusiastic as she had been __28__．句意：下午五点时，我禁不住留意到她似乎没有早先时候有热情了。

故选A。

29．D。

考查不定代词辨析。

A.全部；B.每件事；C.没有事；D.有些事。

本来朋友是梦想着来伦敦的，结果玩了一会儿作者发现朋友的热情逐渐减退，所以作者出于关心问朋友是否发生了什么让朋友不是很高兴的事。

故选D。

30．C。

考查名词辨析。

A.票；B.图片；C.雾；D.制服。

根据分析和第三段：well, we all know that a hundred years ago there used to be fog all year round in London句意：我们都知道几百年前经常有雾笼罩着伦敦。

既然作者的朋友是在书上了解到的伦敦，那么伦敦的大雾必然会被提及到，故选C。

31．D。

考查动词辨析。

A.等；B.拉；C.后退；D.推。

Why did everyone __31__ to get on the bus at the bus stop instead of making a queue？从instead of making a queue(而不是排队)可以得出横线上应填一个和making a queue相反的词或短语表示现在的人上车都是推推拉拉的，故选D。

32．A。

考查形容词辨析。

A.不同的；B.相似的；C.熟悉的；D.奇怪的。

根据前后文的推断可以得出作者的朋友在书上所了解的英国跟实际上是有差别的，所以横线上应该填有区别的，故选A。

33．C。

考查名词辨析。

A.注释；B.记录；C.评论；D.列表。

Her__33__ made me think.句意：她的评论使我思考。

故选C。

34．B。

考查动词辨析。

A.抵抗；B.排队；C.站着；D.画画。

作者在此对前文提到的现在英国人坐车不排队现象进行了描述。

It's true that people don't __34__ much any more句意：现在人们不再排队确实是事实。

故选B。

35．C。

考查名词辨析。

A.饮料；B.书；C.座位；D包。

根据前文所说，现在经常会看到每个人只会自顾自地挤上车。

所以，上车后男士不给女士让座位也是很平常的事，offer one’s seat让座位，故选C。

36．A。

考查形容词辨析。

A.不常见的；B.礼貌的；C.冷酷的；D.普通的。

Also the idea of a man standing up and offering his __35__ to a woman on a train or bus is __36__ these days句意：男士在火车或者巴士上站着给女士让座这样的观念在现在是不常见的。

故选A。

37．C。

考查名词辨析。

A.空气；B.天气；C.污染；D.季节。

根据第三段的．.. nowadays we have pollution from all the cars可以推断出第三段整段都在讲伦敦的污染问题，所以横线上应该填pollution, 故选C。

38．D。

考查时间副词辨析。

we all know that a hundred years ago there used to be fog all
year round in London, but we__38__ have much fog句意：我们都知道几百年前伦敦是长年被大雾笼罩着，但是我们现在不再有这样的情况。

A.迟早；B.不再；C.一……就……；D.不再。

排除A、C两项。

no more与瞬时动词连用，表程度不再增加，次数不再重复，no longer与延续性动词或表示状态的词连用，表示时间上的“不再”持续，(过去曾经……，现在不……)，故选D。

39．C。

考查名词辨析。

A.秋；B.春；C.夏；D.冬。

根据London has been one of the hottest places in Europe句意：伦敦一直是最热的地方之一。

可以得出横线上应填夏季，故选C。

40．B。

考查名词辨析。

A.裙子；B.套装；C.夹克；D.衬衫。

横线上应填一个与前一句话中的uniform“制服，套装”同义的词，suits指的是“西服、套装”，故选B。

41．A。

考查动词辨析。

A.穿，戴；B.修理；C.准备；D.买。

横线后是bowler hats，B、C、D三项都不适合放在横线上，you can still see some city gentlemen in their smart __40__，but men hardly ever__41__ bowler hats句意：你还是能在一些城市看见绅士们穿着潇洒的西装，但是他们几乎都不戴高礼帽了。

故选A。

42．D。

考查动词辨析。

A.保持；B.继续；C.转变；D.改变。

A few things don't __42__，though. though在这里表示转折，为了说明还是有一些没有改变的现象。

句意：但是，一些事情仍然没有改变。

故选D。

43．B。

考查动词辨析。

A.完成；B.开始；C.停止；D.打破。

If you try to__43__ a conversation with an English person on the underground in London, she or he will probably look at you as if you were mad! 句意：如果你试图在伦敦的地铁上和一个英国人开始一段谈话，她/他可能会像看一个疯子一样看你。

故选B。

五、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

pared with people in many other countries, the Australians seem to know more about how to enjoy their lives. In Australia, different people have different ways to enjoy 44.____________(they). They also have their own ideas about how to spend time.
Most 45.____________(child), about 80%, work hard in school because they have to take
lots of exams. After school, they don't want to stay at home reading books any more.
46.____________，they put aside their schoolbags and go out to play. In this way, they get
47.____________(relax) and have fun.
Some old people get up early in the morning. Then they go to the park to read newspapers. It helps them know 48.____________ is happening around the world. In the evening, they would prefer 49.____________(stay) at home watching TV rather than do anything else.
Young people enjoy 50.____________(have) relaxing trips on weekends. They go to mountains for a picnic or go to the forest to camp. They usually start on Friday and spend one two days outside. Then Sunday evening, they start their way back home. Nobody 53.____________(seem) to be in a hurry, although a busy week is waiting for them again.
[语篇导读]
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了澳大利亚人轻松悠闲的生活方式。

[答案与解析]
44．themselves。

考查代词。

enjoy oneself“过得快乐，玩得开心”，这里指的是澳大利亚人他们自己，故填themselves。

45．children。

考查名词复数。

child是可数名词，前面有Most修饰，需用复数形式children。

46．Instead。

考查副词。

前后句之间在意义上存在转折关系，表示“反而，却”，故用副词Instead做状语。

47．relaxed。

考查形容词。

relaxed常用来修饰人，表示“轻松、自在的”。

这里get 是系动词，故用relaxed做表语。

48．what。

考查名词性从句。

空处引导宾语从句，在从句中做主语，意为“什么(事情)”，故填what。

49．to stay。

考查非谓语动词。

prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.是习惯搭配，表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。

故答案为to stay。

50．having。

考查非谓语动词。

enjoy后接动词-ing形式做宾语。

故答案为having。

51．or。

考查连词。

one or two days“一两天”。

故答案为or。

52．on。

考查介词。

表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上时，用介词on。

53．seems。

考查时态和主谓一致。

这里说的是经常性的情况，应用一般现在时；不定
代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

故答案为seems。

六、概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

For many years the school system in Finland has been very successful. In the PISA survey, which pares reading, math and science knowledge of 15­year­olds around the world, Finland is not only the top European country but also petes with Asian giants like Shanghai, Singapore and South Korea. But what makes the educational system in this small country so different from others in the western countries?
Until the 1960s, most of Finland's students left school after six years. In the middle of the 1960s, the Finnish government saw the need to change and modernize their education system if they want to be internationally petitive. Lawmakers made a simple decision: a basic school for all the 7- to 16-year-olds. pulsory(义务的) education begins at 7. The government makes it possible for all children to attend preschool as well.
Most of Finland's schools get their money from the government. The people who are in charge of the education system, from teachers to officials, are trained teachers, not politicians like in other countries.
Teachers work with their pupils in school as much as possible. When teachers are not with the pupils, they spend a lot of time in schools working on the curriculum(课程) and new projects. Schools in Finland are small, at least for international standards. So teachers know every pupil in their school and try everything to succeed with their pupils. In contrast to other nations, Finland selects its teachers very carefully: only talented teachers go on to a university and receive a master's degree in education. Finland only takes the best to educate its youth.
All Finnish children, whether they e from the city or the country, whether from a rich or poor family, have the same chances in education. There are not so many differences between the wealthy and the poor, as in America or other Western European countries. Education experts say that there is very little difference between very good and the worst students. Two thirds of Finnish pupils move on to higher education, the highest rate in the European Union.
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文]
Why has the Finnish educational system been more successful than those of other Western countries？(要点1) The success is mainly due to its pulsory education for both school and preschool children.(要点2) Additionally, the government finances the schools, and professionals manager the system.(要点3) Teachers, carefully chosen and well educated, also devote themselves to education.(要点4) Another reason is that children share equal opportunities and similar results for education.(要点5)。