河流动力学英语

水力学、河流动力学、流体力学专业词汇

Fundamental Glossary in Hydraulics

Hydrostatics 水静力学Hydrodynamics 水动力学

Physical properties of water 水的物理性质Density 密度

Specific gravity 比重Kinematic viscosity 运动粘性

Absolute viscosity 动力粘性Elastic modulus 弹性模量

Surface tension 表面张力Temperature 温度

Isotropic (y) 各向同性Anisotropic (y) 各向异性

Uniform (ity) 均匀(性) Heterogeneous (ity) 不均匀(性)

Main force 主要作用力Gravity 重力

Inertia force 惯性力pressure 压力(强)

Drag 阻力Mass force 质量力

Surface force 表面力Constitutive relationship 本构关系

Stress 应力Strain 应变

Deformation 变形Displacement 位移

Normal 法向Tangent 切向

Shear 剪力Acceleration 加速度

Angular deformation 角变形

Local acceleration 当地加速度convective acceleration 迁移加速度compressibility 压缩性

continuity连续性

Scalar 纯量vector 矢量tensor 张量

magnitude 模(大小) direction 方向

Divergence 散度curl 旋度gradient 梯度

Source 源sink 汇

Frequency 频率amplitude 振幅phase 相位resonance共振

Mass conservation 质量守恒momentum conservation 动量守恒

energy conservation 能量守恒

Initial condition 初始条件boundary condition边界条件

Ordinal differential equation 常微分方程

partial differential equation 偏微分方程

Convection, advection 对流diffusion 扩散dispersion 弥散

decay 衰减degradation降解

Flow pattern流态flow type 流型

Laminar flow 层流turbulent flow 紊流

Supercritical flow 急流subcritical flow 缓流critical flow临界流

Rapidly varied flow急变流gradually varied flow渐变流

Uniform flow 均匀流non-uniform flow 非均匀流

Mainstream flow 主流wake flow 尾流

Steady flow 恒定流unsteady flow 非恒定流

One-dimensional flow 一维流two-dimensional flow二维流

three-dimensional flow 三维流

Single-phase flow 单相流double-phase flow 两相流

multi-phase flow 多相流

Irrotational flow 无旋流potential flow 势流rotational flow 有旋流

Open channel flow 明渠流free surface flow 自由表面流(明渠流)

Pipe flow 管流pressure flow 有压流

Jet 射流plume 卷流(羽流) cross flow 横流

Stagnation point驻点separation point分离点

Coherent structure相干结构bursting猝发turbulent intensity紊动强度Boundary layer 边界层viscous sub-layer粘性底层

displacement thickness排挤厚度mixing length混掺长度

Flow field, current field 流场flow net 流网

Submerged discharge 淹没出流unsubmerged discharge非淹没出流Renolds number雷诺数Froude number 佛汝德数Prandtl number普朗特数Courant number柯朗数Peclet 彼克雷特数dimensionless number无量纲数Streamline 流线path line迹线

Vortex line 涡线vortex ring 涡环vortex street涡街

Flux 通量circulation 环量vorticity 涡度

Water level , water stage 水位

discharge , flow-rate , flow 流量

Water depth 水深velocity 流速

Roughness 糙率water surface profile 水面线bed slope 底坡

Velocity fluctuation 脉动流速pressure fluctuation 脉动压强Instantaneous velocity 瞬时流速mean velocity 平均流速

time-averaged velocity时均流速

Depth-averaged velocity 水深平均流速

velocity gradient 流速梯度pressure gradient压强梯度

Cross-section of flow , wet cross section 过水断面

Wetted perimeter 湿周hydraulic radius水力半径

Hydraulic head 水头

Elevation head 位置水头piezometric head测压管水头velocity head 流速水头Head loss水头损失frictional loss 沿程损失local head loss局部损失Entrance head loss 进口水头损失exit head loss 出口水头损失

bend head loss弯头水头损失Abrupt expansion head loss 突扩损失contraction head loss收缩损失Transition head loss渐变段损失

Hydraulic jump 水跃hydraulic drop跌水conjugate depth共轭水深Weir堰

Sharp-crested weir 尖顶堰broad-crested weir 宽顶堰practical weir实用堰Orifice 孔口nozzle管嘴

Dam 坝sluice 水闸spillway溢洪道

Tunnel 隧洞penstock 压力水管culvert涵洞

Aqueduct 渡槽siphon pipe虹吸管

Energy dissipation device 消能工

Stilling basin 消力池roller bucket 消力戽

Baffle pier 消力墩plunge pool 跌水池

Energy dissipation by hydraulic jump底流消能

Energy dissipation by surface regime面流消能