介词 I prep I

Prep & Prep phrases (I)介词和介词短语（一）
【学习目标】1. 复习表示方位、时间的介词的基本用法和一些易混的重点介词的辨析，如in&on，except&besides，等；熟记介词短语的固定搭配，如be caught in等；
2. 能够熟练运用介词区别来解决题目中的问题，并争取做到“一目了然”。

【考点分析】2009-2013年以来课标卷主要考查介词辨析和介词短语的辨析。

前者包括：表示方位、时间、工具、手段、方式、原因的介词和易混介词的辨析；后者主要包括与
名词构成的介词短语和某些形容词后的介词。

【重点难点】1 复习大量的介词短语并熟记；
2 在运用中辨析易混介词和介词短语。

【基础导学】
概述：介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。

介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after等。

这里我们主要研究一些常见介词的区别
I 易混介词辨析
A 主要方位介词
1. “在……之间”—Among（三者或以上）& between（两者）
此外，between A,Band C表示在ABC之间；在share,divide等表示“分享”的词后，这两个词都可以用。

Eg：He divided his money among\between his five sons.
2.“在……上”—on（侧重表面接触）& in（侧重接触的深度，内部）
若打击某人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时用in；而打击头、额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿等部位时用on。

Eg：He pats the boy on the head.
3. “穿过”—across(与on有关，表面,一边到另一边) & through(与in有关，从中间穿过)
4. “在……之上\下”—over（正上方）& above (斜上方)；
under（正下方）& below（斜下方）
5. 地理上：in表示A地在B地范围之内。

on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。

To表示隔海相望B时间介词
（1）in & on & at
In : 用于某个较长的时间内。

Eg：in the 1980s, in the Qing Dynasty, in Oct, In the morning\afternoon\evening……
On: 用于具体日子或特定的时间（某日、日、星期几等）。

Eg：on Oct 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day……；或用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上，eg：on the morning of Jan 15th, on the afternoon of his arrival ……
At：表示时间点、时刻等，eg：at12：00，at noon，at midnight……
（2）in & after
In：表示“在……时间之内”，也有“在……之后”之意，条件是：所修饰的动词必须表将来，
且后面必须是一段时间，缺一不可，否则就用later或after。

After：“在……之后”，通常其后接时间段，与过去时连用。

（3）for & from & since
For: 后接时间段，表行为或状态的持续。

From：后接时间点，表行为或状态的起始点，不设计持续时间长短。

Since：后接时间点，表行为或状态的起始点，且强调从起始点一直持续到说话的时刻，常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。

C 表示支持、反对的介词
Against意为“反对”，此外，还有“倚靠；逆着；相反”等意；
For是“支持、赞同”，指在观点、主张等方面与某人采取一致态度（=in favor of）
D常考介词辨析
(1) Besides,except, but, other than, except for
Besides: (= in addition)“除……之外”，其后的宾语是包括在内的；
Except：“除……之外”，其后的宾语是排除在外的；
But：可以与excpet互换，其后都可以接宾语或宾语从句；=Other than
except for：“除了”，整体肯定、局部修正。

（2）with（反义词为without）
表“和……在一起；由……陪同”等意；eg：He went there with his children.
表两上午之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思，eg：with time going by…
表“带有，带来”等意；eg：The waitor came with a cup of coffee.
指原因或者理由，eg：It is rather hot in the roon with all the windows closed.
His face was red with anger.
（3）by
表示不迟于，eg：We have to be home by 10 o’clock.
表“在……期间”，eg：They decided to travel by night.
指人体或物体的某一部分, eg: He seized（抓住）me by the arm.
表“由于，凭借”，eg: He succeeded by hard work.
表“按……计”,eg: Milk is sold by the bottle.
表“按照，根据”等意，eg：We shall get a storm by the look of the sky.(看天色，暴风雨要来了。

)
(4) beyond
表示位置，“在……的那一边”“在更远处”之意，eg：The sea is beyond the hill.
表时间，“迟于、超过”之意，eg: He never sees beyond the present. 他从未看到将来。

表示范围、水平、限度、能力等，“为……所不及”。

Eg: beyond one’s understanding, beyond our hopes;
beyond control, beyond reach,…
E 固定搭配（见II）
II 介词短语背诵（固定搭配）
（ABC）beyond control\repair 无法控制\修复across the street 在街对面From now on\ since now 从现在起last for 持续
Be content with 对……满意do\ deal with 处理
Join sb. in 使某人加入contribute to\ make contributions to 对……作出贡献
In surprise 吃惊地laugh at 嘲笑in trouble 处于困难之中
Be fond of 喜欢in fact事实上
（AB）in nature实际上\性质上in return作为回报in turn 依次get through通过be curious about 对……好奇care for 照料，照顾fight for\against 为……而斗争\与……对抗in good\bad health 身体好\差（A）In terms of 根据；用…的话；就…而言In case of 万一As a result of 由于In face of 面临；迎着in favour of 支持in memory of 为了纪念in honour of向…表示敬意;为纪念…;in search of 寻找【基础知识检测】
1.根据图示，填方位介词
2.看ppt检测题（随堂）
【巩固提升】
I 填空题（难度等级：C级---* B级---** A级--***）
1.The sunlight came in ________(穿过) the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.*
2.The bicycle is ______ repair. *
3.He spread a cloth _____ (在……上) the table.*
4.You have to search ____（在……之中）those papers to find it.*
5.There is a map of the world ____ the wall.*
6.Birds are singing ____ the tree.*
7.My house is just ______ the street.(街对面)*
8.Water will be pumped ____ a pipe.(通过)**
9.He is _____ average intelligence.(在……之上)**
10.We will have a picnic ___ the moring of this Sunday.*
11.______then on she knew she would win.(从那时起)** 12.I lost my money and I have been worried ____ then. (从那时起)**
13.The meeting lasted ____ three hours.*
14.Are you ___ or ______ the new plan?(支持还是反对)*
15.I know nothing about the yound lady ____that she is from Beijing.(除了)**
16.I don’t mind picking up your things from the store._______, the walk does me good. (除了)**
17.The car is nice _____ the color. (除了)**
18._______production up by 60% the company has had abirger excellent year.**
19.What do you want to do ____it?*
20.We sell ice creams _____ the thousand ______ the summer.**
II 单句改错题
1.On our way home we were caught by a heavy snowfall.*
2.Are you content to what he has done?*
3.He said he would join us on the discussion.*
4.The Browns left for HK in the morning of July 27.*
5.The classroom was almost empty except a desk or two.**
6.Plenty of fresh air contributes for good health.*
7.She called for the workers to fight against their rights.**
8.She asked with surprise if he’d really read all the books.*
III 选择题
1.Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _____ big tree.**
A in
B below
C beside
D against
2. A mother camel was walking ___ her son ___ the desert. **
A. without; along
B. with; through
C. next to; pass
D. beside; through
3. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning.**
A. on; in
B. at; in
C. at; on
D. in; on
4. They will have a math test____ two days.**
A for
B in
C at
D after
5. It’s bad manners to laugh ___ others when they are ___ trouble.*
A over; in
B at; in
C in; at
D at; for
6. ____the night before Christmas Day, parents will fill their children’s socking with small presents.*
A. At B In C To D On
7. Don' started taking the bus to work every day after petrol prices rose____ his means.**
A beyond
B without
C for
D through
IV 高考链接
1（全国卷）There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get _____. ** A. between B. through C. across D. beyond
2．(北京卷) --- When do we need to pay the balance? --- __________ September 30. *
A. In
B. By
C. During
D. Within
3．(上海春) More and more young people are fond ___ playing tennis nowadays. *
A. on
B. to
C. in
D. of
4．(辽宁卷) People have always been curious ___ how living things on the earth exactly began.**
A. in
B. at
C. of
D. about
5．(四川卷) ---Can he take charge of the computer company? ---I'm afraid it's _____ his ability.* A. beyond B. within C. of D. to
6．(江西卷) After the earthquake，the injured were cared ______ in the hospitals or taken by air to the hospitals in the neighbouring cities. **
A. of B．for C. after D. with
7．(江苏卷) This new model of car is so expensive that it is__ the reach of those with average income.
A. over
B. within
C. beyond
D. below ***
8．(安徽省) It’s quite ____ me why such things have been allowed to happen. ***
A．for B．behind C．against D．beyond
9．(陕西卷) My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _________ it.***
A. in favour of
B. in memory of
C. in honour of
D. in search of
10．(湖南卷)________achievement, last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low, though not failing, grade. ***
A. In terms of
B. In case of
C. As a result of
D. In face of
11．(山东卷) A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which ____ will promote its economic development. **
A. in nature
B. in return
C. in turn
D. in fact
【学习小结】
【效果校验】
I
1.We are for peace and ______ war.
2.She stood with her back _____ the tree.
3. She told me that she has two other cars _______ the one she drives to work.
4.I know nothing about his career _____ that he is a graduate of Oxford University.
5. He couldn’t have achieved a lot ______ his wife’s support.
II
6. ____ a stormy night, he fled to the country to escape being caught.
7. If something is ______ you, you are unable to understand it.
8.Light comes in ________ the window.
9. There has been a great distance between us _____ our quarrel.
10.We shouldn’t judge a person ____ his appearance.
III
11.The police ran _____ the thief.
12.The money was divided ______ 3 boys.
13.The old temple is ___ danger. Something must be done to save it.
14.After years of hard work they finally succeeded ___ carrying out the experiment.
15.I have been looking forward __ hearing from you.
16.The boy is so naughty; he is ___ trouble again.
17.The guard was fired because he fell asleep when he was ___ duty.
18.I have no intention of changing a job; I am content _____ my present job.
19.This old photo reminds me ___ the college days.
20.Someone is singing there. The voice is familiar ____ me.
21.I always regard you ___ my friend.
22. ___ the whole, this is a film well worth seeing; I like it very much.
23. The soldiers were filled _____ excitement for their victory.
【Homework】
1. 整理本章笔记以及错题；
2.预习介词（II）导学案并完成相应习题；
3.自行查找并归纳常见的介词词组并海量背诵。