2020届潮州市金山中学高三英语下学期期末试题及参考答案

2020届潮州市金山中学高三英语下学期期末试题及参考答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
When it comes to the greatest inventions of the world, China’s name is sure to be mentioned several times. There are hundreds of things which were invented by the Chinese.
Alcohol
Shocked? I was because when they said alcohol I thought about either the US or the UK. China had never crossed my mind. In China, alcohol was made by two legendary persons named Yi Di and Du Kang who belonged to the Xia Dynasty. This period was about 2000 BC - 1600 BC. Research says that in ancient China, beer with 4% alcoholic content was widely consumed by people.
Tea
China is the proud inventor of tea which was first drunk by Shen Nong, a Chinese emperor around 2737 BC. Tea production was rapidly developed, making tea a popular drink during the Tang and Song Dynasties.
The Mechanical Clock
Have you ever wondered what on earth we would be doing without any idea of time? A clock really is an invention without which things were incomplete. The credit of making the first mechanical clock goes to ancient China. The first mechanical clock was invented by Yi Xing in the Tang Dynasty. This was during 618 and 907.
Silk Fabric
Silk, the favorite fabric of many girls out there, is also a Chinese invention. Although we all know that silk is made by silkworms, it was Chinese people who first invented a way to harvest the silk and then use it to make clothes. The oldest silk which has been found so far is in Henan Province and dates back to 3630 BC.
1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.
A.people in the US like alcohol
B.beer was popular in the Xia Dynasty
C.Yi Di and Du Kang invented alcohol by accident
D.the author didn’t know alcohol is a Chinese invention
2.The author asks the question in Paragraph 4 to show ________.
A.ancient Chinese inventors were wiser
B.many things in our lives are incomplete
C.ancient Chinese people never wasted time
D.the invention of the mechanical clock is important
3.Which of the following invention has a longer history?
A.Tea.
B.Alcohol.
C.Silk fabric.
D.The mechanical clock.
B
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color1 or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published bySciencefound that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found thatgirls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: ly not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
4. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair.
B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective.
D. They're strict.
5. What can we infer about girls from the study inScience?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
6. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
C
Avi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.
Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”
“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.
Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.
Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.
8. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?
A. It is an icy comet.
B. It looks like a long photo.
C. It is actually some sort of rock.
D. It may come from another alien civilization.
9. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Goes against.
B. Relies on.
C. Turns to.
D. Searches for.
10. What do you think of Loeb?
A. He is foolish.
B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.
C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.
D. He is uncertain about his career future.
11. What's the best title for the text?
A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?
B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?
C. Scientists Are Working on High Technology
D. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel
D
A PhD student inMichigandefended her paper while wearing a skirt madeof rejection letters she received while studying. 29-year-old Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters — from scholarships, academic journals, and conferences — then folded each one into a fan. She connected them in rows, and by the end she designed the item into a skirt and wore it.
She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of a desire to normalize rejection and take pride in overcoming it. "The whole process of revisiting those old letters and making that skirt sort of reminded me that you have to apply to a lot of things to succeed," she said. "A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way."
Caitlin's adviser, Julie Libarkin, a professor of earth and environmental science atMichiganStateUniversity, also encourages the acceptance of failure in her students. Libarkin believes it's important for students to get into habit of applying for things, and to get used to the feeling of rejection, so she encourages them to chase after any opportunity that comes their way. If a student doesn't get the grant or the spot in the academic journal, that's okay. They'll still have learned something in the process.
As for Caitlin? Her rejections over the years have led to great things: Since her doctorate, she's won a scholarship to do further research on urban agriculture inGermany.
Currently, she's a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. As for what the future holds? "I'm prepared to receive a few more rejection letters along the way," she joked heartily, "Maybe I'll make a longer skirt."
12. What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby's rejection letters?
A. She received 17 rejections in total.
B. 29 of her rejections were from journals.
C. The rejections were connected into a fan.
D. She made some rejection letters into a skirt.
13. What is Julie Libarkin's attitude towards Caitlin's action?
A. Favorable.
B. Ambiguous.
C. Skeptical.
D. Opposed.
14. Which of the following words can best describe Catlin?
A. Creative and considerate.
B. Caring and determined.
C. Optimistic and humorous.
D. Generous and intelligent.
15. Which of the following may Caitlin agree with?
A. Hard work pays off.
B. Education is the entrance to success.
C. Self-respect earns more respect.
D. One needs to normalize failures.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Manners are a set of practices and forms which are followed in a wide variety of situations. If you are a newcomer to a particular culture, learning these rules can be very challenging.___16___It is safe to assume that there is a rule in every situation one might encounter.___17___That’s why many people study manners before travelling or entering a new social circle to ensure that they aren’t considered to be impolite or aggressive.
___18___For example, the concept of greeting people politely and with respect is common to people of many cultures, although the way in which respect is expressed may vary. In some Asian countries, for example, people may bow or grasp their hands together when greeting someone, while in theUnited States, people often shake hands or hug each other.
The consequences of mistakes in manners may vary.___19___As a result, the people present at the time of the mistake might form a negative impression of you. At worst, a mistake could cost a friendship or a job, and in some regions of the world, a serious one could cost you your life.
By treating people as respectfully as you can and by using common sense, you will probably avoid most dangerous behavior-related situations.___20___It is especially important to learn such guides in the library or on
the Internet in advance in case conflicts are caused thoughtlessly.
A. The rules of manners govern how people behave.
B. Actually even old hands sometimes have a tough time.
C. Manners begin when meeting someone for the first time.
D. But the good news is that it is very simple to learn manners.
E. At a minimum, you might make others feel slightly awkward.
F.And the rules of manners of different cultures can be quite different.
G. However, if you are planning to enter an unfamiliar culture, it pays to do research.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own____21____
I learned this lesson from a(n)____22____many years ago. I took the head____23____job at aschool inBaxley,Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.
It was a tradition for the school’s old team to play against the____24____team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to_____25_____the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I couldn’t____26____I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to____27____that my team might not be the number one team inGeorgia, but they were_____28_____me. I had to change my____29____about their ability and potential.
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little______30______. Most important, I began to treat them like______31______. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their______32______, we met every day and_______33_______passing and kicking the football.
Six months after suffering our_______34_______on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to______35______. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a______36______for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest______37______of my life！
From the experience I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can______38______the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and_______39_______them. I helped them to see themselves______40______, and they built themselves into winners.
Winners are made, but born.
21. A. luck B. tests C. efforts D. nature
22. A. experiment B. experience C. visit D. show
23. A. operating B. editing C. consulting D. coaching
24. A. successful B. excellent C. strong D. new
25. A. cheer for B. prepare for C. help with D. finish with
26. A. believe B. agree C. describe D. regret
27. A. realize B. claim C. permit D. demand
28. A. reacting to B. looking for C. depending on D. caring about
29. A. decision B. attitude C. conclusion D. intention
30. A. pride B. culture C. fortune D. relationship
31. A. leaders B. partners C. winners D. learners
32. A. rewards B. vacations C. health D. honor
33. A. risked B. missed C. considered D. practiced
34. A. defeat B. decline C. accident D. mistake
35. A. relax B. improve C. expand D. defend
36. A. shame B. burden C. victory D. favor
37. A. chances B. thrills C. concerns D. offers
38. A. surprise B. serve C. interest D. affect
39. A. encouraged B. observed C. protected D. impressed
40. A. honestly B. individually C. calmly D. differently
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
China has landed lunar probe（探测器）on an unexplored area of the moon___41.___（successful）. The probe will remain on the moon collecting soil and rock samples until Thursday, guided by mission control on the ground. The robotic spacecraft___42.___（name）Chang'e 5 after the Chinese goddess of the moon drilled into the surface of the moon to collect soil early Wednesday.
It's the first attempt___43.___（get）rocks from the moon by any country since the 1970s. The samples, which___44.___（expect）to weigh about 2 kilograms, will be sealed（密封）into a container in the spacecraft.
If successful, the mission will make China___45.___third country to have got lunar samples, following the United States and the Soviet Union___46.___（decade）ago.
When the samples are returned to Earth, scientists will be able to analyze the structure___47.___material composition（组成）of the moon's soil. The mission may help answer questions such as how long the moon remained in space, and when the magnetic field（磁场）of it — key to protecting any form of life___48.___the sun — disappeared.
The spacecraft landed on an unvisited area of the moon, known as Oceanus Ocean of Storms. The landing___49.___（mark）the third time a Chinese lunar probe has landed on the surface of the moon,____50.____also makes the whole Chinese proud.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

It was a dark day, one of depression(沮丧), sadness and angry. As I climbed out of a pool, after losing the swimming match, I didn’t feel like speak to anyone. I saw the bright smiles of swimmers whom had just achieved a best time. But, I had failed. Or at least that is which I thought at that time. I was lying on my cool bed when an idea strikes me: Success belongs to anyone who have never lost their enthusiasm (热情). Finally came the day where I had to prove to myself and others that there is no limit to your achievements. I had done it! Never lose your enthusiasm, and you achieve your best time!
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.请以“Life in the future”为题，描述你心中未来的生活。

词数80左右。

参考答案
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. D 9. A 10. C 11. A
12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D
16. B 17. F 18. A 19. E 20. G
21. C 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32.
B 33. D 34. A 35. B 36.
C 37. B 38.
D 39. A 40. D
41. successfully
42. named 43. to get
44. are expected
45. the 46. decades
47. and 48. from
49. marks 50. which
51.(1). angry→anger
(2). a pool→the pool
(3).speak→speaking
(4). whom→who
(5). But→However
(6). which→what/all
(7). strikes→struck
(8). anyone→those
(9). where→when
(10). achieve→ will achieve
52.略。