2021年中山市东区中学高三英语期中试题及答案解析

2021年中山市东区中学高三英语期中试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
You might not expect it, but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Cows produce lots of methane by breaking down the grass, Now scientists have shown that the pollution from cows canbe reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.
Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago. But this work was done in a laboratory, there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life.
In the lab studies, the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed, and they would cause losing weight. That wasn't helpful, since cows are often sold by weight. It also wasn't clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.
Now, scientists from the University of California, Davis have answered several of these questions.
The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off. This time, they used a much smaller amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows' food.
The results were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given, but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane.
Over the five months, the scientists didn't see any signs that the cows' stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again.
Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows. The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows, but they didn't need as much food.
But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there's notadequateseaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.
A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in fields, where they eat the grass. That means there's no chance to feed them seaweed every day. These problems need to be taken seriously if the world is going to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.
Still, it's true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.
1. Why did the scientists do the experiment on the farm?
A. To control the amount of seaweed.
B. To record the weight cows gained.
C. To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life.
D. To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.
2. The underlined word “adequate” means ________ .
A. common
B. special
C. lacking
D. enough
3. The passage is written to ________ .
A. appeal to people not to raise the cows
B. encourage people to plant the seaweed
C. remind people of controlling cows' weight
D. call on people to take actions to reduce the pollution
B
A team of engineers atHarvardUniversity in trying to create the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
"The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own’ said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings hasa number of interdependencies (相互依赖）on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it d connected to,” said Wood.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites，in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. "Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animal，but using these robots instead” he said. "So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”
4. What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?
A. It's automatic.
B.It's very small.
C. It's controllable.
D. It's quite powerful.
5. We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can____ .
A. act as a spy plane
B. help do farm work
C.fly at a very high speed
D. answer many scientific questions
6. What is Wood's idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?
A. It is highly questionable.
B. It has wide practical applications.
C. It gives scientists interest in flying machines.
D. It points to a new direction in studying biology.
7. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Harvand's Study in the Field of Insects.
B. A Breakthrough in Engineering Science
C. An Interesting Invention一Robotic Fly
D. Robotic Fly一a Copy of Real Life Insect
C
Scientists have recently discovered thatAndean condors (秀鹫)— some of the world’s largest birds——barely flap their wings at all while flying. Instead, they use rising air currents to remain in the air for hours.
The Andean condor is the world’s largest soaring bird. They can weigh up to 15 kilograms. Their wings, when spread out, measure up to three meters. Their main food source is the meat of large animals which have died. Soaring high in the sky allows condors to easily spot possible meals on the ground.
Scientists worked together to study the flight patterns of these huge birds and how much effort the birds use when flying. To study the birds while they were in the sky, the researchers attached special devices which could record every beat of their wings.
The scientists learned that most of the condors’ flapping— over 75%— came when the birds were taking off. Once in the sky, the birds flew for very long periods of time without flapping at all. In fact, they only flapped their wings for 1% of the time they were in the air. One bird flew for over five hours without flapping, covering nearly 117miles.
Soaring without flapping is important because birds bum energy every time they flap their wings.
The birds’ soaring isn’t magic. They use the fact that hot air rises to keep themselves up. As hot air rises, it often creates “thermals”— currents of warm air moving upward. The condors soar by making use of these
thermals. The tricky part is finding thermals and moving between them.
When birds are forced to land and take off again often, it costs them a lot of energy. The researchers learned that to avoid having to land, the condors did most of their non-take-off flapping when they were closer to the ground and looking for a new thermal.
The scientists reported that even though all of the condors they studied were young, they knew well how to take advantage of the air currents.
8. What can we learn about the Andean condor from the text?
A. They live mairly on small animals.
B. Their wingspan is at least three meters.
C. They rely on hot air to remain high in the sky.
D. They are the birds with the strongest flying ability.
9. Why was the equipment tied to the birds?
A. To measure how far they could fly without flapping.
B. To keep track of how often they flapped while flying.
C. To calculate the energy required for their flight.
D. To confirm their flight patterns.
10. Which of the following acts consumes the most energy for a condor?
A. Hunting for food.
B. Flying in the sky.
C. Getting off the ground.
D. Landing on the ground.
11. What can we infer from the text?
A. Condors flap the most when looking for a new thermal.
B. No condor can fly for more than five hours without flapping.
C. Condors don’t need to look for thermals when soaring in the sky.
D. Soaring by using thermals is probably a natural ability of condors.
D
The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their wilderness regions-such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands— to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost.
Once a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound.
Hill-farmers can make more money from foreign travellers than working in their fields. It is not surprising that many o£ them give up their farm-work. In some hill-regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is lacking labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems. The result has been that many people in these regions have turned to outside supplies of rice and other foods.
InArcticand desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a ly short season. However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they no longer have time to collect wild food; this has led to increasing dependence on bought food and stores. What should they do if these new sources of income dry up?
The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focused on erosion along major roads, but perhaps more important are the forest destruction and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. In both mountains and deserts, slow-growing trees are often the main sources of fuel and water supplies may be limited through heavy use.
12. Why are some countries promoting the wilderness regions to tourists?
A. The wildness regions are accessible to tourists.
B. The landscapes there are beautiful and unique.
C. Developing tourism there doesn't need much investment.
D. Lots of high-spending tourists prefer such remote regions.
13. What is the effect of tourism on the local community?
A. Many hill farmers have turned to outside supplies of foods.
B. There is enough labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems.
C. Farm output there has increased and local diet has changed.
D. The local people's new sources of income will dry up soon.
14. Which might be the best title of the passage?
A. The future of wilderness tourism.
B. The impacts of wilderness tourism.
C. The destruction of wilderness tourism.
D. The disadvantages of wilderness tourism.
15. If there is one more paragraph following the last paragraph, what will it talk about?
A. The effects on local people.
B. The solutions tothese problems.
C. The choices of adventure tourists.
D. The reasons for visiting remote areas.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
Young People Enjoy Reading More during Lockdown
More than athird of young people in the UK say they have read more during the coronavirus outbreak.___16___.
Between January and March 2020 the National Literacy Trust and Puffin asked 58,346 young people, aged nine to eighteen, in the UK about their reading habits. They then repeated this with 4,141 young people during lockdown, between May and early June. ___17___.
___18___. Nearly 60% of those questioned said that reading made them feel better. More than 46% had read a new book and around 14% said they re-read books that they had already enjoyed.
There was an increase in the gap between girls’ and boys’ reading habits. The report found girls enjoyed reading more than boys during lockdown. At the start of 2020, girls were enjoying reading 2.3% more than boys were. This difference rose to 11.5% during lockdown. Before the lockdown, more girls read every day than boys.___19___.
Some children reported that they did not have access to books during lockdown, because schools and libraries were closed. Others said they did not have a quiet space where they could read, and that without encouragement from teachers and friends, they had not felt like reading as much as they used to.___20___. More than half of boys said that listening to audiobooks made them more interested in reading, and 43.2% said it had increased their interest in writing. Half of the people asked said that reading had encouraged them to dream about the future.
A. The survey found that not only were young people reading more, but more than a quarter said they were enjoying reading more.
B. When it came to listening to audiobooks, slightly more boys than girls were found to enjoy them.
C. The findings were released on 13 July by the National Literacy Trust and Puffin, which is one of the world’s leading publishers of children’s books.
D. The lockdown has changed their reading habits.
E. Subtly different from those previously surveyed, their ages range from eight to eighteen.
F. This gap widened during lockdown too.
G. The survey reveals how much the young people enjoy reading during lockdown.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
I used to do the luxury(奢侈品)business, but I failed in the global financial crisis (金融危机). I lost everything, including my____21____and my rich life. I kept looking for work for a long time, but____22____luck. My confidence was gone.
A friend of mine owned several car washes(洗车店)，and he____23____me a job. I refused. To me, working in a car wash meant____24____. When I didn't have money for a niece’s birthday____25____, I knew I had to do something. So I called my friend back and____26____the job.
On the third day of the work, a beautiful woman, who was my assistant five years ago, pulled in____27____a brand-new Lexus. Wearing a red jacket with a car wash logo on it, I was about to die from shame. There was nowhere to run, no place to____28____However, something that happened____29____really changed my life. While her car was getting_____30_____, she said she was happy to see me, that I'd been a great_____31_____, and that she was glad I was working. Too many of her friends were_____32_____, and at least I wasn't trapped behind a desk. I realized how_____33_____I truly was, and I decided I would try my best to increase my friend’s business._____34_____, over the next few months, I_____35_____a large number of deluxe washes (豪华洗车服务). I saw hundreds of people every day, and none of them thought I was a failure. They all_____36_____me. Then, about six months later, one of my old clients (客户)called asking me to help set up a new_____37_____company. A few months after that, Imoved the company toAsiaand met new cultures and_____38_____markets.
Therefore, not from behind a_____39_____but from a red jacket gained my_____40_____and came to my success.
21. A. partner B. job C. car D. cousin
22. A. unlike B. within C. against D. without
23. A. offered B. afforded C. settled D. expressed
24. A. command B. failure C. request D. disadvantage
25. A. journey B. journal C. present D. wedding
26. A. attended B. rejected C. accepted D. flew
27. A. driving B. riding C. taking anizing
28. A. upset B. cycle C. bend D. hide
29. A. westward B. afterward C. backward D. forward
30. A. repaired B. exposed C. washed D. divided
31. A. assistant B. boss C. person D. doctor
32. A. unemployed B. changed C. traveled D. frightened
33. A. entire B. frequent C. lucky D. grateful
34. A. In addition B. In general C. As a result D. As for
35. A. sold B. understood C. pulled D. mixed
36. A. respected B. laughed at C. concerned D. gave in
37. A. attitude B. block C. petrol D. luxury
38. A. fluent B. determining C. reliable D. growing
39. A. car B. desk C. job D. wash
40. A. insurance B. expression C. vocabulary D. confidence
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
My friend and I have been close for several years. We’re hardly out of each other’s sight. But last Saturday she____41.____(break) my heart.
____42.____(origin), we planned to see a film that afternoon, but in the morning, I learnt from a message posted on social media that she had a cold. I gave her____43.____call telling her to make a____44.____(recover) at home and she thanked me for my thoughtfulness.
____45.____my surprise, however, she was seen chatting with another girl in a cafe on Saturday afternoon, when she____46.____(expect) to stay at home. Obviously, she lied about her illness. I was filled with____47.____(angry) and avoided meting her all day and still don’t feel like making any____48.____(respond) to her online messages. I don’t know____49.____I should forgive her if she ignores my feelings or refuses to back down. Some people advise me to have a full and frank talk with her while others suggest_____50._____(rethink) our relationship. I am at a total loss.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

A week before Earth Day, posters put up around our school, called on us to protect our earth. Our class came up with the idea that we should make a better use of the used materials. We bring worn-out clothes and empty plastic bottles to our classroom and turned them into handbags and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighbourhood and gave away that we had made to the people here. Everyone was very happily with those gifts, especially little kids. We did very well that we were invited to share our ideas and experiences with all the student of our school. We are very proud of us and believe that we can do much more for a better world.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

续写的词数应为150左右。

I looked out at the smiling faces packed into the school hall. Flashes from cameras lit up in all directions. The applause filled my ears. I had done it. I had really done it.
Just a few months earlier, I would never have pictured myself acting in a play in front of two hundred people."Not for a million dollars," I would have said. But when the time came, I got up on stage and faced one of my greatest fears-and discovered I could do more than I ever gave myself credit for. I found a new person inside me, a much more daring, outgoing person who had been hidden all along, just waiting for the opportunity to appear.
If not for my teacher, Mrs Sather, I might never have found that opportunity.
In the first and second grade, I was extremely shy. I had friends, but it just wasn't in my personality to be very outgoing, even when I knew someone well. I was afraid I would do or say something wrong, so usually I just smiled and listened to other people's conversations. I did well in school and I loved to write. However, I would escape into my writing, where I could be myself and never had to worry about what other people thought of me. In my stories, I was never shy.
My teacher, Mrs Sather, always encouraged me to write more. She told our class to go after our dreams and dig in with both hands. I think she was one of the first people to see my inner strength. One day, she announced that our class was going to perform a play she had written." I'll begin to cast everyone tomorrow," she said." I need someone who is not afraid to be on stage in front of a lot of people to play the lead part of Dorothy. Anybody want to try?" A few excited hands shot up-mine, of course, was not one of them-and Mrs Sather smiled." We'll talk more about it tomorrow," she said. Then the bell rang and my classmates slowly left the classroom.
Paragraph 1:
When I was loading up my backpack, Mrs Sather asked me to go to her.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________
Paragraph 2:
Hearing Mrs Sather's words,I realized it was time to make a change.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________
参考答案
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B
12. C 13. A 14. B 15. B
16. C 17. E 18. A 19. F 20. B
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32.
A 33. C 34. C 35. A 36. A 37. D 38. D 39.
B 40. D
41. broke
42. Originally
43. a 44. recovery
45. To 46. was expected
47. anger 48. response
49. whether##if
50. rethinking
51.(1).在posters后面加were
(2). called→calling
(3).去掉a
(4). bring→brought
(5). that→what
(6). here→there
(7). happily→happy
(8). very→so
(9). student→students
(10). us→ourselves 52.略。