生产运作管理课件7.ppt
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16
EOQ模型:费用函数曲线
Annual Cost
Order (Setup) Cost Curve
Optimal Order Quantity (Q*)
Order Quantity
17
EOQ公式(EOQ Formula)
对总费用函数求导,并令其等于零,有:
EOQ= 2DS H
RO =d P LT
6
为什么需要库存?
解耦(缓冲):消除或对付需求或供应的 不确定性影响——安全性库存(Safety Inventory)
经济:订购、存储、缺货等费用之和的最 小化——周期性库存(Cycle Inventory )
连续性:(Pipe-line Inventory)
7
两个基本决策 (Two Fundamental Decisions)
Raw material Work-in-process Finished goods Maintenance/repair/operating supply
5
The Functions of Inventory
To ”decouple” or separate various parts of the production process To provide a stock of goods that will provide a “selection” for customers To take advantage of quantity discounts To hedge against inflation and upward price changes
EOQ Model: When and How much to Order
Inventory Level
Order Quantity (Q)
Reorder Point (ROP)
Lead Time
14
Average Inventory
(Q/2)
Time
15
EOQ模型:费用函数
总年费用 = 年订购费用 + 年存储费用
OI = 2S HD
ROP 再订购点 OI 订购间隔时间 (年) d 每天需求量 (常量) LT 提前期 (常量)
18
EOQ例(EOQ Example)
年需求量= 1,000 单位 (一年中每天需求量 =1000/365= 2.74 单位) 一次订购费用 = 10元 单位年存储费用 = 2.50元 提前期 = 7 天
确定EOQ、ROP和OI。
19
解(Solution)
EO =2 Q D =2 S 1, 010 = 08 09或 .4 94 (0 单 3) 位 H 2.50
为什么向上近似? R= O d L P = 2 T .7 7 = 149 或 2 .1 (单 08 ) 位
TC=DS+Q H Q2
TC 总年费用(Total annual cost) D 需求量(Demand) Q 订购量 (Order quantity) S 一次订购或准备调整费用(Cost of placing an order or setup cost) H 单位库存年存储费用(Annual holding and storage cost per unit of inventory)
11
Setup Costs
Clean-up costs Re-tooling costs Adjustment costs Etc.
12
第二节 库存系统( Inventory Systems)
经济订购批量模型 (Economical Order Quantity Model)
定量订购模型 (Fixed-Order Quantity Model)
生产与运作管理
Production and Operations Management
第七章 库存管理 Inventory Management
第七章 库存管理
2
( Inventory Management )
库存(Inventory) 库存系统(Inventory Systems) 其他(Others)
定期订购模型 (Fixed-Time Period Model )
单周期模型 (Single-Period Model)
13
EOQ Assumptions
Known and constant demand Known and constant lead time Instantaneous receipt of material No quantity discounts Only order (setup) cost and holding cost No stockouts
(1)何时订购? (When to order ?)
(2)订购多少? (How much to order ?)
8
Inventory Costs
Holding costs - associated with holding or “carrying” inventory over time Ordering costs - associated with costs of placing order and receiving goods Setup costs - cost to prepare a machine or process for manufacturing an order
9
Holding Costs
Obsolescence Insurance Extra staffing Interest Pilferage Damage Warehousing Etc.
10
Ordering Costs
Supplies Forms Order processing Clerical support Etc.
3
第一节 库存(Inventory)
库存的类型 ( Types of Inventory)
库存的功能 (Function of Inventory)
两个基本决策 (Two Fundamental Decisions)
4
库存的类型( Types of Inventory )
库存(Inventory):组织中所用的 任何项目(item) 的储存。
16
EOQ模型:费用函数曲线
Annual Cost
Order (Setup) Cost Curve
Optimal Order Quantity (Q*)
Order Quantity
17
EOQ公式(EOQ Formula)
对总费用函数求导,并令其等于零,有:
EOQ= 2DS H
RO =d P LT
6
为什么需要库存?
解耦(缓冲):消除或对付需求或供应的 不确定性影响——安全性库存(Safety Inventory)
经济:订购、存储、缺货等费用之和的最 小化——周期性库存(Cycle Inventory )
连续性:(Pipe-line Inventory)
7
两个基本决策 (Two Fundamental Decisions)
Raw material Work-in-process Finished goods Maintenance/repair/operating supply
5
The Functions of Inventory
To ”decouple” or separate various parts of the production process To provide a stock of goods that will provide a “selection” for customers To take advantage of quantity discounts To hedge against inflation and upward price changes
EOQ Model: When and How much to Order
Inventory Level
Order Quantity (Q)
Reorder Point (ROP)
Lead Time
14
Average Inventory
(Q/2)
Time
15
EOQ模型:费用函数
总年费用 = 年订购费用 + 年存储费用
OI = 2S HD
ROP 再订购点 OI 订购间隔时间 (年) d 每天需求量 (常量) LT 提前期 (常量)
18
EOQ例(EOQ Example)
年需求量= 1,000 单位 (一年中每天需求量 =1000/365= 2.74 单位) 一次订购费用 = 10元 单位年存储费用 = 2.50元 提前期 = 7 天
确定EOQ、ROP和OI。
19
解(Solution)
EO =2 Q D =2 S 1, 010 = 08 09或 .4 94 (0 单 3) 位 H 2.50
为什么向上近似? R= O d L P = 2 T .7 7 = 149 或 2 .1 (单 08 ) 位
TC=DS+Q H Q2
TC 总年费用(Total annual cost) D 需求量(Demand) Q 订购量 (Order quantity) S 一次订购或准备调整费用(Cost of placing an order or setup cost) H 单位库存年存储费用(Annual holding and storage cost per unit of inventory)
11
Setup Costs
Clean-up costs Re-tooling costs Adjustment costs Etc.
12
第二节 库存系统( Inventory Systems)
经济订购批量模型 (Economical Order Quantity Model)
定量订购模型 (Fixed-Order Quantity Model)
生产与运作管理
Production and Operations Management
第七章 库存管理 Inventory Management
第七章 库存管理
2
( Inventory Management )
库存(Inventory) 库存系统(Inventory Systems) 其他(Others)
定期订购模型 (Fixed-Time Period Model )
单周期模型 (Single-Period Model)
13
EOQ Assumptions
Known and constant demand Known and constant lead time Instantaneous receipt of material No quantity discounts Only order (setup) cost and holding cost No stockouts
(1)何时订购? (When to order ?)
(2)订购多少? (How much to order ?)
8
Inventory Costs
Holding costs - associated with holding or “carrying” inventory over time Ordering costs - associated with costs of placing order and receiving goods Setup costs - cost to prepare a machine or process for manufacturing an order
9
Holding Costs
Obsolescence Insurance Extra staffing Interest Pilferage Damage Warehousing Etc.
10
Ordering Costs
Supplies Forms Order processing Clerical support Etc.
3
第一节 库存(Inventory)
库存的类型 ( Types of Inventory)
库存的功能 (Function of Inventory)
两个基本决策 (Two Fundamental Decisions)
4
库存的类型( Types of Inventory )
库存(Inventory):组织中所用的 任何项目(item) 的储存。