新概念优美背诵短文50篇unit13 Skyscrapers and Environment
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新概念优美背诵短文50篇unit13 Skyscrapers and
Environment
>13 Skyscrapers2 and Environment
In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed3 out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.
Skyscrapers are also lavish4 consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17
million square feet of skyscraper1 office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts5 -- enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day.
Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful6. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass
is more than ten times that through a typical masonry7 wall filled with insulation8 board. To lessen9 the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror
films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However,
mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.
Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation10 facilities, too. If fully11 occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25
million gallons of raw sewage each year -- as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109, 000.
摩天大楼与环境
60年代后期,很多北美人把注意力转向了环境问题,那些崭新的
玻璃钢摩天大楼受到了广泛的批评。生态学家指出,城市中密集的高
层建筑经常给公共交通与停车场的承载水平造成过重的负担。摩天大
楼还是电能的过度消费者与浪费者。最近的某一年,纽约市摩天写字
楼1,700万英尺办公面积的增加使电能的日需求量提升了120,000
千瓦。这些电能足以供纽约的整个奥尔巴尼市使用一天。玻璃表面的
摩天大楼特别地浪费。通过半英寸的平板玻璃墙壁损失(或增加)的热
量是典型的加入绝缘板的石墙所允许的热量损失(或增加)的十倍以上。为了减轻取暖设备或空调设备的压力,摩天大楼的建造者们已经开始
使用双面上釉的玻璃镶板和涂上了金色或银色反光薄膜的反光玻璃,
来减少强光照射和热量的增加;但是,镜面的摩天大楼会提升周围空
气的温度并会对附近的建筑物产生影响。摩天大楼也对城市的卫生设
施造成了沉重的压力。单单纽约市的二个世界贸易中心大楼如果完全
被占满的话,每年就会产生2,250,000加仑的污水。这相当于康涅
狄格州的斯坦福市这样大的城市一年所产生的污水量,而康州的斯坦
福市拥有109,000人口。