《全国大学生数学建模竞赛通讯》-2001美赛数模MCM全部原题及翻译
历届美国数学建模竞赛赛题(汉语版)
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历届美国数学建模竞赛赛题, 1985-2006AMCM1985问题-A 动物群体的管理AMCM1985问题-B 战购物资储备的管理AMCM1986问题-A 水道测量数据AMCM1986问题-B 应急设施的位置AMCM1987问题-A 盐的存贮AMCM1987问题-B 停车场AMCM1988问题-A 确定毒品走私船的位置AMCM1988问题-B 两辆铁路平板车的装货问题AMCM1989问题-A 蠓的分类AMCM1989问题-B 飞机排队AMCM1990问题-A 药物在脑内的分布AMCM1990问题-B 扫雪问题AMCM1991问题-A 估计水塔的水流量AMCM1992问题-A 空中交通控制雷达的功率问题AMCM1992问题-B 应急电力修复系统的修复计划AMCM1993问题-A 加速餐厅剩菜堆肥的生成AMCM1993问题-B 倒煤台的操作方案AMCM1994问题-A 住宅的保温AMCM1994问题-B 计算机网络的最短传输时间AMCM1995问题-A 单一螺旋线AMCM1995问题-B A1uacha Balaclava学院AMCM1996问题-A 噪音场中潜艇的探测AMCM1996问题-B 竞赛评判问题AMCM1997问题-A Velociraptor(疾走龙属)问题AMCM1997问题-B为取得富有成果的讨论怎样搭配与会成员AMCM1998问题-A 磁共振成像扫描仪AMCM1998问题-B 成绩给分的通胀AMCM1999问题-A 大碰撞AMCM1999问题-B “非法”聚会AMCM1999问题- C 大地污染AMCM2000问题-A空间交通管制AMCM2000问题-B: 无线电信道分配AMCM2000问题-C:大象群落的兴衰AMCM2001问题- A: 选择自行车车轮AMCM2001问题-B:逃避飓风怒吼(一场恶风…)AMCM2001问题-C我们的水系-不确定的前景AMCM2002问题-A风和喷水池AMCM2002问题-B航空公司超员订票AMCM2002问题-C蜥蜴问题AMCM2003问题-A: 特技演员AMCM2003问题-C航空行李的扫描对策AMCM2004问题-A:指纹是独一无二的吗?AMCM2004问题-B:更快的快通系统AMCM2004问题-C:安全与否?AMCM2005问题-A:.水灾计划AMCM2005问题-B:TollboothsAMCM2005问题-C:.Nonrenewable ResourcesAMCM2006问题-A:用于灌溉的自动洒水器的安置和移动调度AMCM2006问题-B:通过机场的轮椅AMCM2006问题-C:在与HIV/爱滋病的战斗中的交易AMCM85问题-A 动物群体的管理在一个资源有限,即有限的食物、空间、水等等的环境里发现天然存在的动物群体。
2001年真题及解析
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2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.[A]as to [B]for instance [C]in particular [D]such as2.[A]tightening [B]intensifying [C]focusing [D]fastening3.[A]sketch [B]rough [C]preliminary [D]draft4.[A]illogical [B]illegal [C]improbable [D]improper5.[A]publicity [B]penalty [C]popularity [D]peculiarity6.[A]since [B]if [C]before [D]as7.[A]sided [B]shared [C]complied [D]agreed8.[A]present [B]offer [C]manifest [D]indicate9.[A]Release [B]Publication [C]Printing [D]Exposure10.[A]storm [B]rage [C]flare [D]flash11.[A]translation [B]interpretation [C]exhibition [D]demonstration12.[A]better than [B]other than [C]rather than [D]sooner than13.[A]changes [B]makes [C]sets [D]turns14.[A]binding [B]convincing [C]restraining [D]sustaining15.[A]authorized [B]credited [C]entitled [D]qualified16.[A]with [B]to [C]from [D]by17.[A]impact [B]incident [C]inference [D]issue18.[A]stated [B]remarked [C]said [D]told19.[A]what [B]when [C]which [D]that20.[A]assure [B]confide [C]ensure [D]guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units,one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of businessto universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in thepace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I onceenjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life ——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the br ain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays i n Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2)give a specific example, and3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章,介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后,政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
2001年全国大学生数学建模竞赛题
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2001年全国大学生数学建模竞赛题目A题血管的三维重建断面可用于了解生物组织、器官等的形态。
例如,将样本染色后切成厚约1m m的切片,在显微镜下观察该横断面的组织形态结构。
如果用切片机连续不断地将样本切成数十、成百的平行切片,可依次逐片观察。
根据拍照并采样得到的平行切片数字图象,运用计算机可重建组织、器官等准确的三维形态。
假设某些血管可视为一类特殊的管道,该管道的表面是由球心沿着某一曲线(称为中轴线)的球滚动包络而成。
例如圆柱就是这样一种管道,其中轴线为直线,由半径固定的球滚动包络形成。
现有某管道的相继100张平行切片图象,记录了管道与切片的交。
图象文件名依次为0.bmp、1.bmp、…、 99.bmp,格式均为BMP,宽、高均为512个象素(pixel)。
为简化起见,假设:管道中轴线与每张切片有且只有一个交点;球半径固定;切片间距以及图象象素的尺寸均为1。
取坐标系的Z轴垂直于切片,第1张切片为平面Z=0,第100张切片为平面Z=99。
Z=z切片图象中象素的坐标依它们在文件中出现的前后次序为(-256,-256,z),(-256,-255,z),…(-256,255,z),(-255,-256,z),(-255,-255,z),…(-255,255,z),……( 255,-256,z),( 255,-255,z),…(255,255,z)。
试计算管道的中轴线与半径,给出具体的算法,并绘制中轴线在XY、YZ、ZX平面的投影图。
第2页是100张平行切片图象中的6张,全部图象请从网上下载。
/mcm/MCM01/A01BMP.ZIP关于BMP图象格式可参考:1. 《Visual C++数字图象处理》第12页2.3.1节。
何斌等编著,人民邮电出版社,2001年4月。
2. /home/mxr/gfx/2d/BMP.txtB题公交车调度公共交通是城市交通的重要组成部分,作好公交车的调度对于完善城市交通环境、改进市民出行状况、提高公交公司的经济和社会效益,都具有重要意义。
2001年全国大学生数学建模竞赛题目 .doc
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2001年全国大学生数学建模竞赛题目●答卷用A4纸,论文题目和摘要写在第一页上,不能有其他任何标志。
●从今年起,将提高摘要在整篇论文评阅中所占的权重。
●全部题目(包括数据)可以从以下网址下载:A题血管的三维重建断面可用于了解生物组织、器官等的形态。
例如,将样本染色后切成厚约1 m的切片,在显微镜下观察该横断面的组织形态结构。
如果用切片机连续不断地将样本切成数十、成百的平行切片,可依次逐片观察。
根据拍照并采样得到的平行切片数字图象,运用计算机可重建组织、器官等准确的三维形态。
假设某些血管可视为一类特殊的管道,该管道的表面是由球心沿着某一曲线(称为中轴线)的球滚动包络而成。
例如圆柱就是这样一种管道,其中轴线为直线,由半径固定的球滚动包络形成。
现有某管道的相继100张平行切片图象,记录了管道与切片的交。
图象文件名依次为0.bmp、1.bmp、…、 99.bmp,格式均为BMP,宽、高均为512个象素(pixel)。
为简化起见,假设:管道中轴线与每张切片有且只有一个交点;球半径固定;切片间距以及图象象素的尺寸均为1。
取坐标系的Z轴垂直于切片,第1张切片为平面Z=0,第100张切片为平面Z=99。
Z=z切片图象中象素的坐标依它们在文件中出现的前后次序为(-256,-256,z),(-256,-255,z),…(-256,255,z),(-255,-256,z),(-255,-255,z),…(-255,255,z),……( 255,-256,z),( 255,-255,z),…(255,255,z)。
试计算管道的中轴线与半径,给出具体的算法,并绘制中轴线在XY、YZ、ZX平面的投影图。
第2页是100张平行切片图象中的6张,全部图象请从网上()下载。
关于BMP图象格式可参考:1. 《Visual C++数字图象处理》第12页2.3.1节。
何斌等编著,人民邮电出版社,2001年4月。
2. /home/mxr/gfx/2d/BMP.txtB题公交车调度公共交通是城市交通的重要组成部分,作好公交车的调度对于完善城市交通环境、改进市民出行状况、提高公交公司的经济和社会效益,都具有重要意义。
美赛习题答案
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美赛习题答案美赛习题答案在数学建模领域,美国大学生数学建模竞赛(MCM)是一项备受关注的赛事。
每年,来自全球各地的大学生们都会参与其中,挑战各种实际问题并提出解决方案。
这项竞赛不仅考察了参赛者的数学水平,更重要的是培养了他们的团队合作和创新思维能力。
本文将探讨一些典型的美赛习题,并给出相应的解答。
第一题是关于城市交通流量的问题。
题目给出了一个城市的道路网络图,要求我们计算出每条道路的平均交通量。
首先,我们可以通过收集实际交通数据来估计每条道路上的车辆数量。
然后,根据道路的长度和车辆数量,我们可以计算出每条道路的平均交通量。
最后,将结果绘制成热力图,可以清晰地显示出城市交通的拥堵情况。
第二题是关于电力系统的问题。
题目给出了一个电力系统的拓扑结构图,要求我们设计一种最优的电力传输方案,以最大化系统的可靠性和效率。
首先,我们可以使用图论的方法对电力系统进行建模,并计算出各个节点之间的电力传输路径。
然后,根据节点之间的电力传输损耗和供电能力,我们可以通过线性规划等数学方法得到最优的电力传输方案。
最后,我们可以通过模拟实验来验证我们的方案,并对其进行优化。
第三题是关于航空公司的问题。
题目给出了一家航空公司的航班数据,要求我们设计一种最优的航班调度方案,以最大化公司的利润和乘客满意度。
首先,我们可以使用图论的方法对航班网络进行建模,并计算出各个航班之间的飞行时间和成本。
然后,根据乘客的需求和航班的运营成本,我们可以通过线性规划等数学方法得到最优的航班调度方案。
最后,我们可以通过模拟实验来验证我们的方案,并对其进行优化。
以上只是美赛习题中的几个例子,实际上还有许多其他有趣的问题,涉及到经济、环境、医疗等领域。
解决这些问题需要我们具备扎实的数学基础和创新的思维能力。
在解题过程中,我们需要灵活运用数学模型和工具,结合实际情况进行分析和判断。
同时,团队合作也是解决问题的关键,每个人都应发挥自己的优势,共同努力达到最佳的解决方案。
年美赛d题题目翻译
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问题D:优化机场安全检查站乘客吞吐量继2001年9月11日美国发生恐怖袭击事件后,全世界的机场安全状况得到显着改善。
机场有安全检查站。
在那里,乘客及其行李被检查爆炸物和其他危险物品。
这些安全措施的目的是防止乘客劫持或摧毁飞机,并在旅行期间保持所有乘客的安全。
然而,航空公司有既得利益,通过最小化他们在安全检查站排队等候并等待他们的航班的时间,来保持乘客积极的飞行体验。
因此,在最大化安全性和最小化对乘客的不便之前存在对立。
在2016年,美国运输安全局(TSA)受到了对极长线路,特别是在芝加哥的奥黑尔国际机场的尖锐批评。
在此公众关注之后,TSA投资对其检查点设备和程序进行了若干修改,并增加了在高度拥堵的机场中的人员配置。
虽然这些修改在减少等待时间方面有一定的成功,但TSA在实施新措施和增加人员配置方面花费了多少成本尚不清楚。
除了在奥黑尔机场的问题,还有在其他机场,包括通常排队等待时间较短的机场,会出现不明原因和不可预测的排队拥挤情况的事件。
检查点排队状况的这种高度变化性对于乘客来说可能是极其不利的,因为他们面临着不必要地早到达或可能赶不上他们的预定航班的风险。
许多新闻文章,包括[1,2,3,4,5],描述了与机场安全检查站相关的一些问题。
您的内部控制管理(ICM)团队已经与TSA签订合同,审查机场安全检查站和人员配置,以确定潜在的干扰乘客吞吐量的瓶颈。
他们特别感兴趣的解决方案是,既增加检查点吞吐量,减少等待时间的变化,同时保持相同的安全和安全标准。
美国机场安全检查点的当前流程如图1所示。
区域A:乘客随机到达检查站,并等待队列,直到安全人员可以检查他们的身份证明和登机文件。
区域B:然后乘客移动到打开检查的队列;根据机场的预期活动水平,可能开放更多或更少的线路。
一旦乘客到达这个队列的前面,他们准备所有的物品用于X射线检查。
乘客必须去除鞋子,皮带,夹克,金属物体,电子产品和带液体容器,将它们放置在单独的X射线箱中;笔记本电脑和一些医疗设备也需要从其袋中取出并放置在单独的容器中。
2001年美国大学生数学建模大赛赛题
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2001 Mathematical Contest in ModelingThe ProblemsProblem A: Choosing a Bicycle WheelProblem B: Escaping a Hurricane's Wrath (An Ill Wind...)Problem A: Choosing a Bicycle WheelCyclists have different types of wheels they can use on their bicycles. The two basic types of wheels are those constructed using wire spokes and those constructed of a solid disk (see Figure 1) The spoked wheels are lighter, but the solid wheels are more aerodynamic. A solid wheel is never used on the front for a road race but can be used on the rear of the bike.Professional cyclists look at a racecourse and make an educated guess as to what kind of wheels should be used. The decision is based on the number and steepness of the hills, the weather, wind speed, the competition, and other considerations. The director sportif of your favorite team would like to have a better system in place and has asked your team for information to help determine what kind of wheel should be used for a given course.Figure 1: A solid wheel is shown on the left and a spoked wheel is shown on theright.The director sportif needs specific information to help make a decision and has asked your team to accomplish the tasks listed below. For each of the tasks assume that the same spoked wheel will always be used on the front but there is a choice of wheels for the rear.Task 1. Provide a table giving the wind speed at which the power required for a solid rear wheel is less than for a spoked rear wheel. The table should include the windspeeds for different road grades starting from zero percent to ten percent in onepercent increments. (Road grade is defined to be the ratio of the total rise of a hilldivided by the length of the road. If the hill is viewed as a triangle, the grade is the sine of the angle at the bottom of the hill.) A rider starts at the bottom of the hill at a speedof 45 kph, and the deceleration of the rider is proportional to the road grade. A riderwill lose about 8 kph for a five percent grade over 100 meters.∙Task 2. Provide an example of how the table could be used for a specific time trial course.∙Task 3. Determine if the table is an adequate means for deciding on the wheel configuration and offer other suggestions as to how to make this decision.Problem B: Escaping a Hurricane's Wrath (An Ill Wind...)Evacuating the coast of South Carolina ahead of the predicted landfall of Hurricane Floyd in 1999 led to a monumental traffic jam. Traffic slowed to a standstill on Interstate I-26, which is the principal route going inland from Charleston to the relatively safe haven of Columbia in the center of the state. What is normally an easy two-hour drive took up to 18 hours to complete. Many cars simply ran out of gas along the way. Fortunately, Floyd turned north and spared the state this time, but the public outcry is forcing state officials to find ways to avoid a repeat of this traffic nightmare.The principal proposal put forth to deal with this problem is the reversal of traffic on I-26, so that both sides, including the coastal-bound lanes, have traffic headed inland from Charleston to Columbia. Plans to carry this out have been prepared (and posted on the Web) by the South Carolina Emergency Preparedness Division. Traffic reversal on principal roads leading inland from Myrtle Beach and Hilton Head is also planned.A simplified map of South Carolina is shown. Charleston has approximately 500,000 people, Myrtle Beach has about 200,000 people, and another 250,000 people are spread out along the rest of the coastal strip. (More accurate data, if sought, are widely available.)The interstates have two lanes of traffic in each direction except in the metropolitan areas where they have three. Columbia, another metro area of around 500,000 people, does not have sufficient hotel space to accommodate the evacuees (including some coming from farther north by other routes), so some traffic continues outbound on I-26 towards Spartanburg; on I-77 north to Charlotte; and on I-20 east to Atlanta. In 1999, traffic leaving Columbia going northwest was moving only very slowly. Construct a model for the problem to investigate what strategies may reduce the congestion observed in 1999. Here are the questions that need to be addressed:1.Under what conditions does the plan for turning the two coastal-bound lanes of I-26into two lanes of Columbia-bound traffic, essentially turning the entire I-26 intoone-way traffic, significantly improve evacuation traffic flow?2.In 1999, the simultaneous evacuation of the state's entire coastal region was ordered.Would the evacuation traffic flow improve under an alternative strategy that staggers the evacuation, perhaps county-by-county over some time period consistent with the pattern of how hurricanes affect the coast?3.Several smaller highways besides I-26 extend inland from the coast. Under whatconditions would it improve evacuation flow to turn around traffic on these?4.What effect would it have on evacuation flow to establish more temporary shelters inColumbia, to reduce the traffic leaving Columbia?5.In 1999, many families leaving the coast brought along their boats, campers, andmotor homes. Many drove all of their cars. Under what conditions should there berestrictions on vehicle types or numbers of vehicles brought in order to guaranteetimely evacuation?6.It has been suggested that in 1999 some of the coastal residents of Georgia and Florida,who were fleeing the earlier predicted landfalls of Hurricane Floyd to the south, came up I-95 and compounded the traffic problems. How big an impact can they have on the evacuation traffic flow?Clearly identify what measures of performance are used to comparestrategies. Required: Prepare a short newspaper article, not to exceed two pages, explaining the results and conclusions of your study to the public.Clearly identify what measures of performance are used to compare strategies.Required: Prepare a short newspaper article, not to exceed two pages, explaining the results and conclusions of your study to the public.。
建模美赛C题带翻译
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Problem C: “Cooperate and navigate”Traffic capacity is limited in many regions of the United States due to the number of lanes of roads. For example, in the Greater Seattle area drivers experience long delays during peak traffic hours because the volume of traffic exceeds the designed capacity of the road networks. This is particularly pronounced on Interstates 5, 90, and 405, as well as State Route 520, the roads of particular interest for this problem.Self-driving, cooperating cars have been proposed as a solution to increase capacity of highways without increasing number of lanes or roads. The behavior of these cars interacting with the existing traffic flow and each other is not well understood at this point.The Governor of the state of Washington has asked for analysis of the effects of allowing self-driving, cooperating cars on the roads listed above in Thurston, Pierce, King, and Snohomish counties. (See the provided map and Excel spreadsheet). In particular, how do the effects change as the percentage of self-driving cars increases from 10% to 50% to 90%? Do equilibria exist? Is there a tipping point where performance changes markedly? Under what conditions, if any, should lanes be dedicated to these cars? Does your analysis of your model suggest any other policy changes?Your answer should include a model of the effects on traffic flow of the number of lanes, peak and/or average traffic volume, and percentage of vehicles using self-driving, cooperating systems. Your model should address cooperation between self-driving cars as well as the interaction between self- driving and non-self-driving vehicles. Your model should then be applied to the data for the roads of interest, provided in the attached Excel spreadsheet.Your MCM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page letter to the Governor’s office, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23 pages. Note: The appendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit. Some useful background information:On average, 8% of the daily traffic volume occurs during peak travel hours.•The nominal speed limit for all these roads is 60 miles per hour.•Mileposts are numbered from south to north, and west to east.•Lane widths are the standard 12 feet.•Highway 90 is classified as a state route until it intersects Interstate 5.•In case of any conflict between the data provided in this problem and any other source, use the data provided in this problem.Definitions:milepost: A marker on the road that measures distance in miles from either the start of the route or astate boundary.average daily traffic: The average number of cars per day driving on the road.interstate: A limited access highway, part of a national system.state route: A state highway that may or may not be limited access.route ID: The number of the highway.increasing direction: Northbound for N-S roads, Eastbound for E-W roads.decreasing direction: Southbound for N-S roads, Westbound for E-W roads.问题C:“合作和导航”由于道路的数量,美国许多地区的交通容量有限。
美国大学生数学建模竞赛试题AB题中文
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A 题热水澡一个人进入浴缸洗澡放松。
浴缸的热水由一个水龙头放出。
然而浴缸不是一个可以水疗泡澡的缸,没有辅助加热系统和循环喷头,仅仅就是一个简单的盛水容器。
过一会,水温就会显著下降。
因此必须从热水龙头里面反复放水以加热水温。
浴缸的设计就是当水达到浴缸的最大容量,多余的水就会通过一个溢流口流出。
做一个有关浴缸水温的模型,从时间和地点两个方面来确定在浴缸中泡澡的人能采用的最佳策略,从而泡澡过程中能保持水温并在不浪费太多水的情况下使水温尽量接近最初的水温。
用你的模型来确定你的策略多大程度上依赖于浴缸的形状和容量,浴缸中的人的体型/体重/体温,以及这个人在浴缸中做出的动作。
如果这个人在最开始放水的时候加入了泡泡浴添加剂,这将会对你的模型结果有什么影响?要求提交一页MCM的总结,此外你的报告必须包括一页给浴缸用户看的非技术性的解释,其中描述了你的策略并解释了在泡澡过程中为什么保持平均的水温会非常困难。
B题太空垃圾地球轨道周围的小碎片的数量受到越来越多的关注。
据估计,目前大约有超过50万片太空碎片被视为是宇宙飞行器的潜在威胁并受到跟踪,这些碎片也叫轨道碎片。
2009年2月10号俄罗斯卫星科斯莫斯-2251与美国卫星iridium-33相撞的时候,这个问题在新闻媒体上就愈发受到广泛讨论。
已经提出了一些方法来清除这些碎片。
这些方法包括小型太空水流喷射器和高能量激光来瞄准具体的碎片,还有大型卫星来清扫碎片等等。
这些碎片数量和大小不一,有油漆脱离的碎片,也有废弃的卫星。
碎片高速转动使得定位清除变得困难。
建一个随时间变化的模型来确定一个最佳选择或组合的选择提供给一家私人公司让它以此为商业机遇来解决太空碎片问题。
你的模型应该包括对成本、风险、收益的定量和/或定性分析以及其他重要因素的分析。
你的模型应该既能够评估单个的选择也能够评估组合的选择,且能够探讨一些重要的”what if ”情景。
用你的模型来确定是否存在这样的机会,在经济上很有吸引力;或是根本不可能有这样的机会。
2004美赛数模MCM全部原题及翻译
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CUMCM Newsletter全国大学生数学建模 竞赛组织委员会主办创新意识团队精神重在参与公平竞争目录在2003高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛颁奖仪式上的讲话 中国高等教育学会会长、前教育部副部长周远清的讲话 (1)全国组委会主任、复旦大学李大潜院士的讲话 (2)厦门大学党委副书记、副校长潘世墨教授的讲话 (3)高等教育出版社副社长张增顺总编的讲话 (4)中科院院士、厦门大学万惠霖教授的讲话 (4)优秀组织工作赛区代表、哈尔滨工业大学尚寿亭教授的讲话 (5)高教社杯获得者、厦门大学邹宇庭同学的发言 (5)2003高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛赛区负责人工作会议暨颁奖仪式纪要 (6)2004年美国大学生数学建模竞赛题目 (7)2004年美国大学生交叉学科建模竞赛题目 (8)中国工业与应用数学学会第8届年会的通知……………………(12、封三) 颁奖大会、工作会议部分图片(李琦、么焕民、谢金星等摄) ……… (封底)《全国大学生数学建模竞赛通讯》征稿启事《全国大学生数学建模竞赛通讯》主要面向全国各赛区组委会、参赛院校教育行政部门、指导教师和学生。
征稿内容为:z赛区组委会在组织报名、培训、竞赛巡视、评阅等方面的经验和具体作法;z参赛院校和指导教师在组织报名、培训等方面的经验和具体作法;z参赛学生的体会;z竞赛在培养创新人才、推动教学改革中的典型事例;z争取社会各界支持竞赛的成功经验和作法,及社会各界对竞赛的理解;z国内外有关信息。
来稿请寄:100084北京清华大学数学系郝秀荣,注明“数学建模竞赛通讯稿件”。
欢迎以电子邮件方式投稿:jxie@《全国大学生数学建模竞赛通讯》2004年第1期 (2004年2月, 总第14期)主办:全国大学生数学建模竞赛组织委员会地址:北京清华大学数学科学系(邮编:100084)电话/传真:(010)62781785网址: 责任编辑:谢金星在2003高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛颁奖仪式上的讲话*中国高等教育学会会长、前教育部副部长周远清的讲话今天很高兴来参加这个颁奖大会,虽然我已经是第四次(也可能是第五次)参加这样的大会了,可是每次听到全国有这么多的学校、这么多的同学参加这项竞赛,这么多个队获奖,都感到非常的兴奋。
2001-2006-AMC8-中文试题和答案
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2001 年美国AMC8 (2001年月日时间40分钟)1. 卡西的商店正在制作一个高尔夫球奖品。
他必须给一颗高尔夫球面上的300个小凹洞着色,如果他每着色一个小凹洞需要2秒钟,试问共需多分钟才能完成他的工作。
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10 (E) 12 。
2. 我正在思考两个正整数,它们的乘积是24且它们的和是11,试问这两个数中较大的数是什么。
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 12 。
3. 史密斯有63元,艾伯特比安加多2元,而安加所有的钱是史密斯的三分之一,试问艾伯特有元。
(A) 17 (B) 18 (C) 19 (D) 21 (E) 23 。
4. 在每个数字只能使用一次的情形下,将1,2,3,4及9作成最小的五位数,且此五位数为偶数,则其十位数字为。
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 9 。
5. 在一个暴风雨的黑夜里,史努比突然看见一道闪光。
10秒钟后,他听到打雷声音。
声音的速率是每秒1088呎,但1哩是5280呎。
若以哩为单位的条件下,估计史努比离闪电处的距离最接近下列何者。
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2 (E) 3 。
6. 在一笔直道路的一旁有等间隔的6棵树。
第1棵树与第4棵树之间的距离是60呎。
试问第1棵树到最后一棵树之间的距离是呎。
(A) 90 (B) 100 (C) 105 (D) 120 (E) 140 。
问题7、8、9请参考下列叙述:主题:竞赛场所上的风筝展览7. 葛妮芙为提升她的学校年度风筝奥林匹亚竞赛的质量,制作了一个小风筝与一个大风筝,并陈列在公告栏展览,这两个风筝都如同图中的形状,葛妮芙将小风筝张贴在单位长为一吋(即每两点距离一吋)的格子板上,并将大风筝张贴在单位长三吋(即每两点距离三吋)的格子板上。
试问小风筝的面积是平方吋。
(A) 21 (B) 22 (C) 23 (D) 24 (E) 25。
历年美国大学生数学建模竞赛试题MCM.(翻译版)doc
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1985 年美国大学生数学建模竞赛MCM 试题1985年MCM:动物种群选择合适的鱼类和哺乳动物数据准确模型。
模型动物的自然表达人口水平与环境相互作用的不同群体的环境的重要参数,然后调整账户获取表单模型符合实际的动物提取的方法。
包括任何食物或限制以外的空间限制,得到数据的支持。
考虑所涉及的各种数量的价值,收获数量和人口规模本身,为了设计一个数字量代表的整体价值收获。
找到一个收集政策的人口规模和时间优化的价值收获在很长一段时间。
检查政策优化价值在现实的环境条件。
1985年MCM B:战略储备管理钴、不产生在美国,许多行业至关重要。
(国防占17%的钴生产。
1979年)钴大部分来自非洲中部,一个政治上不稳定的地区。
1946年的战略和关键材料储备法案需要钴储备,将美国政府通过一项为期三年的战争。
建立了库存在1950年代,出售大部分在1970年代初,然后决定在1970年代末建立起来,与8540万磅。
大约一半的库存目标的储备已经在1982年收购了。
建立一个数学模型来管理储备的战略金属钴。
你需要考虑这样的问题:库存应该有多大?以什么速度应该被收购?一个合理的代价是什么金属?你也要考虑这样的问题:什么时候库存应该画下来吗?以什么速度应该是画下来吗?在金属价格是合理出售什么?它应该如何分配?有用的信息在钴政府计划在2500万年需要2500万磅的钴。
美国大约有1亿磅的钴矿床。
生产变得经济可行当价格达到22美元/磅(如发生在1981年)。
要花四年滚动操作,和thsn六百万英镑每年可以生产。
1980年,120万磅的钴回收,总消费的7%。
1986 年美国大学生数学建模竞赛MCM 试题1986年MCM A:水文数据下表给出了Z的水深度尺表面点的直角坐标X,Y在码(14数据点表省略)。
深度测量在退潮。
你的船有一个五英尺的草案。
你应该避免什么地区内的矩形(75200)X(-50、150)?1986年MCM B:Emergency-Facilities位置迄今为止,力拓的乡牧场没有自己的应急设施。
2001年全国大学生数学建模竞赛参考答案
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2001年全国大学生数学建模竞赛参考答案A 题 血管的三维重建 参考答案以每个管道内的点为球心,可作内含于管道的球,其中具有最大半径的球记为该点的最大内含球。
容易证明最大内含球和管道曲面相切,且在同一截平面内中轴线上的点为球心的最大内含球具有最大的半径,即滚动球半径。
由此可设计相应的算法。
第一,最大内含球和管道曲面相切,意味着球心和管道边界上的点最短距离为最大内含球的半径。
为此需计算边界,方法如下: 首先定义象素(x ,y )的领域:4-领域,其周围的四个象素,包括(x-1,y ),(x ,y-1),(x ,y+1)8-领域,其周围的八个象素,包括(x+1,y ),(x ,y-1),(x ,y+1),(x+1,y-1),(x-1,y+1),(x+1,y+1), 则边界点是4-领域(8-领域)的颜色值不全相同的象素点,由图象可得管道边界,由此估算最大含球的半径(若更精细得到内外两边界,则能估算最大内含球半径的大小范围)。
第二,在同一截平面内中轴线上的点为球心的最大内含球具有最大的半径。
为找到中轴线上的点,有多种方法。
方法之一是分割象素到足够小,遍历管道内所有子象素点,求各个内部子象素点的最大内含球半径。
第三,上述方法可求的中轴线上与给顶截平面的交点和在该点的半径。
若要得到更多的点,需计算两相邻截平面之间与其平行的平面和中轴线的交。
与已知截平面不同的是该平面内特征函数未知,为判断平面上某点是否为管道内的点,以其在相邻截平面上的领域点是否在管道内部为准。
综上所述,解决本问题的关键在于几何推理;计算机图象处理的边界提取技术,及算发设计。
参考算法:1、 对每个Z 平面,计算管道的边界(或内外边界)。
2、 分割象素为较小的子象素点,把Z 平面管道的子象素点作为候选点(穷举法)。
3、 计算候选点到所有边界上的最小距离,即最大内含球的半径。
4、 挑选具最大半径的候选点作为中轴线与切片的交点。
5、 为求相邻两Z 平面之间的平行平面与中轴线的交,首先挑选在该截面内有可能的管道内部点作为候选,重复3、4。
全国大学生数学建模竞赛的历年真题
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全国大学生数学建模竞赛的历年赛题(1992年—2011年)1992年:(A)作物生长的施肥效果问题(北理工:叶其孝)(B)化学试验室的实验数据分解问题(复旦:谭永基)1993年:(A)通讯中非线性交调的频率设计问题(北大:谢衷洁)(B)足球甲级联赛排名问题(清华:蔡大用)1994年:(A)山区修建公路的设计造价问题(西电大:何大可)(B)锁具的制造、销售和装箱问题(复旦:谭永基等)1995年:(A)飞机的安全飞行管理调度问题(复旦:谭永基等)(B)天车与冶炼炉的作业调度问题(浙大:刘祥官等)1996年:(A)最优捕鱼策略问题(北师大:刘来福)(B)节水洗衣机的程序设计问题(重大:付鹂)1997年:(A)零件参数优化设计问题(清华:姜启源)(B)金刚石截断切割问题(复旦:谭永基等)1998年:(A)投资的收益和风险问题(浙大:陈淑平)(B)灾情的巡视路线问题(上海海运学院:丁颂康)1999年:(A)自动化机床控制管理问题(北大:孙山泽)(B)地质堪探钻井布局问题(郑州大学:林诒勋)(C)煤矸石堆积问题(太原理工大学:贾晓峰)(D)钻井布局问题2000年:(A)DNA序列的分类问题(北工大:孟大志)(B)钢管的订购和运输问题(武大:费甫生)(C)飞越北极问题(复旦:谭永基)(D)空洞探测问题(东北电力学院:关信)2001年:(A)三维血管的重建问题(浙大:汪国昭)(B)公交车的优化调度问题(清华:谭泽光)(C)基金使用计划问题(东南大学:陈恩水)(D)公交车调度问题2002年:(A)汽车车灯的优化设计问题(复旦:谭永基等)(B)彩票中的数学问题(信息工程大学:韩中庚)(C)车灯线光源的计算问题(D)球队的赛程安排问题(清华:姜启源)2003年:(A)SARS的传播问题(集体)(B)露天矿生产的车辆安排问题(吉林大:方沛辰)(C)SARS的传播问题(D)抢渡长江问题(华中农大:殷建肃)2004年:(A)奥运会临时超市网点设计问题(北工大:孟大志)(B)电力市场的输电阻塞管理问题(浙大:刘康生)(C)酒后开车问题(清华:姜启源)(D)公务员的招聘问题(信息工程大学:韩中庚)2005年:(A)长江水质的评价与预测问题(信息工大:韩中庚)(B)DVD在线租赁问题(清华:谢金星等)(C)雨量预报方法的评价问题(复旦:谭永基)(D)DVD在线租赁问题2006年:(A)出版社的资源管理问题(北工大:孟大志)(B)艾滋病疗法的评价及预测问题(天大:边馥萍)(C)易拉罐形状和尺寸的设计问题(北理工:叶其孝)(D)煤矿瓦斯和煤尘的监测与控制问题(信息工程大学:韩中庚)2007年: (A)中国人口增长预测问题(B) 乘公交,看奥运问题(C) 手机“套餐”优惠几何问题(D) 体能测试时间安排问题2008年:(A) 数码相机定位问题(B) 高等教育学费标准探讨问题(C) 地面搜索问题(D) NBA赛程的分析与评价问题2009年:(A) 制动器试验台的控制方法分析问题(B) 眼科病床的合理安排问题(C) 卫星和飞船的跟踪测控问题(D) 会议筹备问题2010年:(A) 储油罐的变位识别与罐容表标定问题(B) 2010年上海世博会影响力的定量评估问题(C) 输油管的布置问题(D) 对学生宿舍设计方案的评价问题2011年:(A) 城市表层土壤重金属污染分析问题(B) 交巡警服务平台的设置与调度问题(C) 企业退休职工养老金制度的改革问题(D) 天然肠衣搭配问题问题。
2001年全国大学生数学建模竞赛优秀论文汇编(含答案评阅)-A题车灯灯丝长度的数学模型8个-62页
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2002高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛题目(A题、B题)●A题、B题任选一题。
●答卷用白色A4纸,第一页为空白页(用于赛区或全国组委会对论文进行编号)。
●论文题目和摘要写在第二页上,从第三页开始是论文正文。
●论文中不能有任何可能显示答题人身份的标志。
●提请大家注意:从去年起,提高了摘要在整篇论文评阅中所占的权重。
●A题车灯线光源的优化设计安装在汽车头部的车灯的形状为一旋转抛物面,车灯的对称轴水平地指向正前方,其开口半径36毫米,深度21.6毫米。
经过车灯的焦点,在与对称轴相垂直的水平方向,对称地放置一定长度的均匀分布的线光源。
要求在某一设计规范标准下确定线光源的长度。
该设计规范在简化后可描述如下。
在焦点F正前方25米处的A点放置一测试屏,屏与FA垂直,用以测试车灯的反射光。
在屏上过A点引出一条与地面相平行的直线,在该直线A 点的同侧取B点和C点,使AC=2AB=2.6米。
要求C点的光强度不小于某一额定值(可取为1个单位),B点的光强度不小于该额定值的两倍(只须考虑一次反射)。
请解决下列问题:(1)在满足该设计规范的条件下,计算线光源长度,使线光源的功率最小。
(2)对得到的线光源长度,在有标尺的坐标系中画出测试屏上反射光的亮区。
(3)讨论该设计规范的合理性。
B 题彩票中的数学近年来“彩票飓风”席卷中华大地,巨额诱惑使越来越多的人加入到“彩民”的行列,目前流行的彩票主要有“传统型”和“乐透型”两种类型。
“传统型”采用“10选6+1”方案:先从6组0~9号球中摇出6个基本号码,每组摇出一个,然后从0~4号球中摇出一个特别号码,构成中奖号码。
投注者从0~9十个号码中任选6个基本号码(可重复),从0~4中选一个特别号码,构成一注,根据单注号码与中奖号码相符的个数多少及顺序确定中奖等级。
以中奖号码“abcdef+g ”为例说明中奖等级,如表一(X 表示未选中的号码)。
表一中奖等级10选6+1(6+1/10)基本号码特别号码说明一等奖abcdef g选7中(6+1)二等奖abcdef 选7中(6)三等奖abcdeX Xbcdef 选7中(5)四等奖abcdXX XbcdeX XXcdef 选7中(4)五等奖abcXXX XbcdXX XXcdeX XXXdef 选7中(3)六等奖abXXXX XbcXXX XXcdXX XXXdeX XXXXef 选7中(2)“乐透型”有多种不同的形式,比如“33选7”的方案:先从01~33个号码球中一个一个地摇出7个基本号,再从剩余的26个号码球中摇出一个特别号码。
2001年全国大学生数学建模夏令营数学建模题目_A_B_C_
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第19卷 建模专辑2002年02月工 程 数 学 学 报JOU RNAL OF EN GIN EERIN G MA THEMA TICSVol.19Supp.Feb.2002文章编号:100523085(2002)05201352072001年全国大学生数学建模夏令营数学建模题目(A,B,C)A题 三峡工程陡高边坡开挖优化设计1 工程介绍永久船闸是三峡工程的重要组成部分,是目前世界上最在的通航建筑物之一。
它位于三峡工程坝址的左岸山体中,总长6442米,其中闸室段长1617米,距现长江河岸约1600米。
在该区域内,地面高程由河岸约60米向左岸逐渐增高至260米(坛子岭),过坛子岭后局部较低,然后逐渐增高至360米。
永久船闸为双向5级连续船闸,轴线方向为1110,单级船闸有效尺寸为280米长×34米宽×5米深,5级船闸总长为1617米。
船闸布置在深开挖的花岗岩中,两侧采用较陡的边坡,边坡的最大深度达170米(位于第三闸首附近约400米处),其余一般50~120米。
三峡工程永久船闸就是这样一个既高又陡的深槽,该边坡与其它人工边坡不同,属深切陡高边坡。
2 问题三峡工程山体剖面简化如下图,在山体开挖一底宽为S米(已知),高为H米(已知),坡角为α(待求)的深槽(槽中放置船闸)。
山体地应力沿高度分布,且与山体深度成正比,即山体地应力σ0=μγH,其中,侧压力系数为μ,山体的容重为γ,山体的磨擦系数为K,山体的粘聚力为C。
岩体开挖后,由于重力和地应力释放作用,边坡可能沿某一圆弧面滑动。
为了保证开挖后边坡的稳定,必须进行加固。
在加固后,保证边坡稳定的安全系数不低于某一值f s的条件下,确定最佳开挖坡角α。
631工 程 数 学 学 报 第19卷3 提示1) 对应不同坡角α相应有最危险可能圆弧滑动面;2) 对应不同坡角α相应有不同的安全系数,工程为保证边坡稳定,要求加固后其稳定安全系数不低于某一常数f s;3) 安全系数为阻滑力与下滑力的比值;4) 根据国家定额标准,提供每千牛顿阻滑力费用为R1,开挖每立方米岩石费用为R2;5) 地应力指山体中由于历史上地质构造作用后,残存在山体中的剩余应力,单位MPa;6) 侧压力系数指地应力与自重应力的比值,其中自重应力为σv=γH。
美赛e题参考答案中文版
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美赛e题参考答案中文版美赛(MCM/ICM)是一个国际性的大学生数学建模竞赛,每年吸引着来自世界各地的数学爱好者参与。
其中,e题是其中一个重要的题目,要求参赛者通过数学建模的方法,分析和解决实际问题。
本文将为大家提供美赛e题参考答案的中文版,帮助大家更好地理解和应对这个挑战。
在美赛e题中,通常会给出一个特定的问题背景,并提供相关的数据和条件。
参赛者需要根据这些信息,运用数学建模的方法,找出问题的关键点,并提出解决方案。
这个过程需要参赛者具备扎实的数学基础、良好的逻辑思维能力和创新的思维方式。
在解答美赛e题时,首先需要仔细阅读题目,理解问题的背景和要求。
接下来,可以开始进行问题分析。
通过对数据和条件的分析,可以找出问题的关键点,确定需要解决的主要问题。
然后,可以运用数学模型的方法,建立数学方程或模型,描述问题的本质。
在建模的过程中,需要合理地假设和简化,以便更好地解决问题。
建立数学模型后,接下来是求解问题。
这个过程通常需要运用数学知识和计算工具,对模型进行求解。
在求解过程中,需要注意对结果的合理性和可行性进行验证。
如果有必要,可以进行模型的调整和优化,以获得更好的解决方案。
最后,需要对解决方案进行总结和展望。
在总结中,可以对解决方案的优点和不足进行评价,并提出改进的建议。
在展望中,可以讨论问题的拓展和延伸,探讨更深入的研究方向。
总的来说,美赛e题是一个考察参赛者数学建模能力的重要环节。
通过参与解答,可以提高数学建模的能力和创新思维的水平。
同时,也可以培养参赛者团队合作和沟通的能力,提升解决实际问题的能力。
当然,本文提供的美赛e题参考答案的中文版只是给大家提供一个参考,真正的解答还需要参赛者根据自己的理解和分析进行思考和推导。
希望大家能够通过参与美赛,锻炼自己的数学建模能力,为解决实际问题做出更好的贡献。
总之,美赛e题是一个具有挑战性和实践意义的竞赛题目。
通过参与解答,可以提高数学建模能力和创新思维水平,培养团队合作和沟通能力。
2001年全国大学生数学建模竞赛题目B题
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B题公交车调度公共交通是城市交通的重要组成部分,作好公交车的调度对于完善城市交通环境、改进市民出行状况、提高公交公司的经济和社会效益,都具有重要意义。
下面考虑一条公交线路上公交车的调度问题,其数据来自我国一座特大城市某条公交线路的客流调查和运营资料。
该条公交线路上行方向共14站,下行方向共13站,第3-4页给出的是典型的一个工作日两个运行方向各站上下车的乘客数量统计。
公交公司配给该线路同一型号的大客车,每辆标准载客100 人,据统计客车在该线路上运行的平均速度为20公里/小时。
运营调度要求,乘客候车时间一般不要超过10分钟,早高峰时一般不要超过5分钟,车辆满载率不应超过120%,一般也不要低于50%。
试根据这些资料和要求,为该线路设计一个便于操作的全天(工作日)的公交车调度方案,包括两个起点站的发车时刻表;一共需要多少辆车;这个方案以怎样的程度照顾到了乘客和公交公司双方的利益;等等。
如何将这个调度问题抽象成一个明确、完整的数学模型,指出求解模型的方法;根据实际问题的要求,如果要设计更好的调度方案,应如何采集运营数据。
下0 70 40 40 174 215 205 127 103 119 65 98 261 13:00-14:00 上770 97 126 59 102 133 97 102 104 36 43 13 0 下0 75 43 43 166 210 209 136 90 127 60 115 309 14:00-15:00 上839 133 156 69 130 165 101 118 120 42 49 15 0 下0 84 48 48 219 238 246 155 112 153 78 118 346 15:00-16:00 上1110 170 189 79 169 194 141 152 166 54 64 19 0 下0 110 73 63 253 307 341 215 136 167 102 144 425 16:00-17:00 上1837 260 330 146 305 404 229 277 253 95 122 34 0 下0 175 96 106 459 617 549 401 266 304 162 269 784 17:00-18:00 上3020 474 587 248 468 649 388 432 452 157 205 56 0 下0 330 193 194 737 934 1016 606 416 494 278 448 1249 18:00-19:00 上1966 350 399 204 328 471 289 335 342 122 132 40 0 下0 223 129 150 635 787 690 505 304 423 246 320 1010 19:00-20:00 上939 130 165 88 138 187 124 143 147 48 56 17 0 下0 113 59 59 266 306 290 201 147 155 86 154 398 20:00-21:00 上640 107 126 69 112 153 87 102 94 36 43 13 0 下0 75 43 43 186 230 219 146 90 127 70 95 319 21:00-22:00 上636 110 128 56 105 144 82 95 98 34 40 12 0 下0 73 41 42 190 243 192 132 107 123 67 101 290 22:00-23:00 上294 43 51 24 46 58 35 41 42 15 17 5 0 下0 35 20 20 87 108 92 69 47 60 33 49 136。
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CUMCM Newsletter全国大学生数学建模竞赛组织委员会主办创新意识团队精神重在参与公平竞争目录调查研究改进工作——全国大学生数学建模竞赛意见征询结果 (1) 2001年国家级教学成果奖最新的获奖成果——数学类部分成果简介 (3) 北京赛区简讯——推动建模活动促进教学改革 (5) 湖北赛区简讯——教更好的数学,更好地学数学 (5) 重庆赛区简讯——以评优秀指导教师为动力推动竞赛和教改工作 (6) 河北赛区简讯——竞赛与教学改革和人才素质培养结合起来 (6) 全国大学生数学建模夏令营筹备工作进展顺利 (7) 2001年美国大学生数学建模竞赛题目 (7) 2001年美国大学生交叉学科建模竞赛题目 (11) 我国学生参加2001年美国大学生数学建模竞赛(MCM)和交叉学科建模竞赛(ICM)情况简介 (14) ICTMA-10大会报告摘要选登 (16)调查研究改进工作——全国大学生数学建模竞赛意见征询结果2000年1月全国组委会通过各赛区组委会,向全国参赛同学和指导教师发出了《全国大学生数学建模竞赛意见征询》表,这是继1997年初第1次意见征询后,又一次全国范围的调查。
截至2001年1月全国组委会共收回调查表1203份,其中学生883份,教师320份(1997年共收回调查表204份)。
现将初步统计结果公布如下:(二)“全国大学生数学建模竞赛”意见征询(学生),共883份。
以下括号内为该题或该选项的份数及百分比。
一、您参加了哪几次竞赛(778,100%):1996(2,0.3%)1997(17,2%)1998(103,13%)1999(585,75%)2000(71,9%)二、以下各题请选择一个答案,详细情况可补充说明:1)数模竞赛对学生用数学建模方法和计算机技术解决实际问题能力的培养(823,100%)非常有益(560,68%)有益(249,30%)一般(13,2%)无益(1,0.1%)2)数模竞赛对学生创新精神的培养(732,100%)非常有益(416,57%)有益(292,40%)一般(23,3%)无益(1,0.1%)3)数模竞赛对学生团结合作精神的培养(846,100%)非常有益(531,63%)有益(283,33%)一般(31,4%)无益(1,0.1%)4)您在竞赛前参加培训的情况(676,100%)集中两周以上(487,72%)集中一周以上(91,13%)在业余时间培训几次(76,11%)基本上未参加培训(22,4%)5)您所在的队在竞赛中遵守纪律(不与他人包括指导教师讨论、按时收发卷等)的情况(782,100%)严格遵守(572,73%)基本遵守(206,26%)有违反(4,0.5%)严重违反(0)6)据您了解其它大多数队在竞赛中遵守纪律的情况(776,100%)严格遵守(310,40%)基本遵守(420,54%)有违反(46,6%)严重违反(0)7)您对竞赛评奖公正性的印象(689,100%)非常满意(178,26%)基本满意(471,68%)不大满意(40,6%)很不满意(0)8)您对竞赛题的印象(757,100%)非常满意(184,24%)基本满意(507,67%)不大满意(64,8%)很不满意(2,0.3%)9)您参赛的成绩(565,100%)全国奖(141,25%)赛区奖(306,54%)成功参赛奖(118,21%)三、对竞赛活动的建议(以下是归纳的主要建议):1.评阅时应减少对标准答案的依赖,更注重解题过程、方法、能力、合理性和创新性。
2.加强学生建模意识,扩大规模,如4人为一队。
3.严格纪律,严师出高徒。
4.扩大宣传,对学生进行早期培训。
5.建议大一学习高数时加入一些建模方面的知识。
6.希望在网络上看到优秀论文。
7.不要过多培训,否则失去竞赛目的。
8.增加评卷透明度,是否可以把好的答卷分发到下面以便学习。
(三)“全国大学生数学建模竞赛”意见征询(教师),共320份。
以下括号内为该题或该选项的份数及百分比。
一、您作为指导教师参加了哪几次竞赛(784,100%):1994(43,5%)1995(67,9%)1996(98,13%)1997(128,16%)1998(177,23%)1999(271,34%)二、以下各题请选择一个答案,详细情况可补充说明:1)数模竞赛对学生数学素质、创新精神和综合能力的培养(311,100%)非常有益(235,76%)有益(73,23%)不大有益(3,1%)无益(0)2)数模竞赛对数学教改的促进作用(315,100%)非常大(92,29%)相当大(174,55%)一般(49,16%)很小(1,0.3%)3)您所在学校领导对数模竞赛的关心和支持(303,100%)非常大(89,29%)相当大(136,45%)一般(68,23%)很小(10,3%)4)您对数学建模教学、竞赛、科研的投入情况(310,100%)全年以此为主要工作(19,6%)竞赛培训期间以此为主要工作(147,47%)竞赛培训期间花费一定精力(139,45%)竞赛培训期间也很少过问(5,2%)5)您指导的队在竞赛中遵守纪律(不与他人包括指导教师讨论、按时收发卷等)的情况(293,100%)严格遵守(223,76%)基本遵守(65,22%)有违反(5,2%)严重违反(0)6)据您了解其它队在竞赛中遵守纪律的情况(274,100%)严格遵守(109,40%)基本遵守(149,54%)有违反(15,6%)严重违反(1,0.3%)7)据您了解您所在赛区评阅工作的情况(310,100%)完全公正(62,21%)基本公正(241,77%)不公正(7,2%)严重不公正(0)8)您对赛题的总体印象(286,100%)非常满意(40,14%)基本满意(240,84%)不大满意(6,2%)很不满意(0)9)您认为赛题中较好的有(可不只一个)(1129)92A施肥效果(32)92B蛋白质分解(9)93A频率设计(10)93B足球队排名(75)94A逢山开路(82)94B锁具装箱(88)95A飞行管理(64)95B天车调度(51)96A捕捞策略(68)96B节水洗衣机(91)97A零件的参数设计(68)97B截断切割(33)98A投资的收益和风险(107)98B灾情巡视路线(111)99A车床自动化管理(85)99B钻井布局(112)99C煤矸石堆积(43)三、对竞赛活动的建议(以下是归纳的主要建议):1.对领导同志进行大力宣传,让他们积极支持加大投入。
2.加强对教练员的培训,进行经验交流。
3.成立专家组进行赛后总结,疑难解答,及竞赛得失等。
4.建议邻近赛区交换评卷。
5.改变现在评卷模式(即对照参考答案或某评卷人员的标准),这不符合数学建模的创新宗旨。
6.建议进行一次试点:将学生集中进行封闭式的竞赛,看论文的水平如何。
7.对一般院校来讲,经费投入较大,指导教师投入精力较大但没有奖励,是影响竞赛广度的一个问题。
8.尽快出版一些有关竞赛数学软件的使用说明书。
9.每年办一期中国和美国竞赛题的分析研讨班,提高教师素质。
这次较大范围的调查结果是一笔宝贵的财富,全国组委会将进行认真分析,针对存在的问题和提出的建议,研究对策,改进工作。
希望各赛区组委会、指导教师和组织工作者对这次调查结果进行分析、评价,欢迎以各种渠道将您的意见传送到全国组委会。
2001年国家级教学成果奖最新的获奖成果数学类部分成果简介2001年国家级教学成果奖最新的获奖成果已经公示在http://202.112.96.157/,其中数学类特等奖1项,一等奖1项,二等奖21项。
我们从二等奖中选取了与数学建模有关的5项成果简介如下。
成果名称: 数学建模课程建设与实践主要完成人: 杨启帆,何勇,方道元,张聪,赵川平主要完成单位:浙江大学我校从1983年起开设数学建模课程,是我国最早开设这门课程的少数高校之一。
目前,我们已固定每年开设本科生、研究生数学建模课6门,每年学习此课程的学生多达600余人。
从1996年起,我们每年都为一年级大学生举办专题讲座,为2-3年级学生开设每年两期的数学建模研讨班,组织学生开展实际课题的研究。
在此基础上,我们组织学生积极参加国内外大学生数学建模竞赛,并在竞赛中取得了优异的成绩。
1996年以来,我校学生在全国竞赛中共获得全国一等奖12项、全国二等奖7项;在国际竞赛中共获得国际特等奖兼最到奖INFORMS奖1项、国际一等奖10项、国际二等奖7项,竞赛成绩在国内外高校中名列前茅。
2000年,我校参赛的6个队全部获得国际一等奖,再创新记录。
人民日报等国内外报刊、中央人民广播电等电台、电视台均作了多次报道。
由于我校数学建模教学与系列实践活动影响面广、在对学生进行知识、能力、素质培养中发挥了独特的作用,受到学校各级领导的高度重视。
现在,我校已拥有专门供学生开展科学研究的数学建模实践基地,数学建模教学和与此相关的建模实践活动已在我校蓬蓬勃勃地开展起来,有力促进了我校教学改革的深入发展。
十几年来,我们先后承担了多项部、省、校级教改项目,编写出版了两本具有很大创新性的教材:―数学模型‖和―数学建模‖,发表了多篇教学研究论文和学生建模论文。
此外,作为浙江省数学建模竞赛组委会的挂靠单位,我们还做了大量赛区竞赛的组织、培训工作。
成果名称: ―数学模型‖课程建设主要完成人: 雷功炎主要完成单位:北京大学"数学模型"是80年代以来作为数学教育改革的一部分,国内外高校相继增设的全新课程.我校是国内高校最早开设此课程的学校之一.十余年来课程建设取得以下成果:1.制定了供试行的教学大纲,特别是明确了教学指导思想.教学不仅仅以培养学生用数学语言描述及解决实际问题的能力为目的,还力图更全面地体现数学与现实世界的关系,展示一种有别于传统数学课程单纯注重逻辑推理的思维方式,更均衡地对待理论和应用。
强调对学生思维方式的训练与提高学生的综合能力。
注意丰富课程的―文化‖内涵。
2.正式出版了―数学模型讲义‖教材一本,并编写了部分补充讲义。
这些教材强调处理问题的内在思想与对问题自身的分析、强调对数学方法的理解与直观。
教材中包括了80年代以来的科学新进展,说明了科学前沿与基础知识间没有不可逾越的鸿沟,关键在于独特的创造性思维,这些材料激发了学生学习与探索的兴趣。
不同于国内其他教材,获得好评。
3.注意学生综合能力的培养,组织、倡导与支持学生参加与本课有关的多种课外活动,鼓励学生用英文及计算机软件完成课程论文及作业。
历年来选修本课的学生在国内外大学生建模竞赛中取得好成绩,并在正式杂志上发表论文多篇。
4.1999年本课列入国家理科基地首批创建名牌课程项目,在国内高校数学及应用数学系有相当影响。
成果名称: 全国大学生数学建模竞赛和教学改革主要完成人: 姜启源,叶其孝,李大潜,谭永基,李志宏,俞文此主要完成单位:清华大学我们在八十年代初率先开设了数学建模课程,九十年代初组织了全国大学生数学建模竞赛。