2008年英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析

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2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语完形填空以及答案详细解析(19套试题)

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语完形填空详细解析目录1.2008年全国卷I解析2.2008年全国卷II解析3.2008年北京卷解析4.2008年上海卷解析5.2008年天津卷解析6.2008年重庆卷解析7.2008年安徽卷解析8.2008年福建卷解析9.2008年广东卷解析10.2008年湖北卷解析11.2008年湖南卷解析12.2008年江苏卷解析13.2008年江西卷解析14.2008年辽宁卷解析15.2008年宁夏卷解析16.2008年山东卷解析17.2008年陕西卷解析18.2008年四川卷解析19.2008年浙江卷解析1.2008年全国卷I解析第二节完形填空(共20小题，每题1.5分，共30分)阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced 36 for a few days, I was 37 to wait tables on my own. All went 38 that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily 39 the tables not far from the kitchen. 40 , I still felt a little hard to carry the heavy trays (托盘)。

Before I knew it, the 41 was full of people. I moved slowly, 42 every step. I remember how 43 I was when I saw the tray stand near the tables, it looked different from the one I was 44 on. It had nice handles (手柄)，which made it 45 to move around. I was pleased with everything and began to 46 I was a natural at this job.Then, an old man came to me and said, “Excuse me, dear, my wife and I loved __47 you work. It seems your tray stand has been very 48 to you, but we are getting ready to 49 now, and my wife needs her 50 back.”At first his 51 did not get across. “What was he talking about!” Then I got it. I had set my trays on his wi fe’s orthopedic walker (助步器). I stood frozen as ice, but my face was 52 . I wanted to get into a hole and 53 .Since then, I have learned from many mistakes such as the one I just 54 , I have learned to be more 55 and not to be too sure of myself.36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress【答案】D。

2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解

2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解PartⅠ Writing参考范文:With the development of people’s living standard, an unprecedented variety of recreational activities have been available for people to enjoy, ranging from sports, movie, karaoke to online activities. It goes without saying that various activities brought by modern technology have greatly broadened our horizon and they can keep us healthy both physically and mentally.However, recreational activities also bring many problems. For example, some young people are easily addicted to the virtual world online, which affects their study seriously and may lead to worse consequences as well. Therefore, people will benefit from recreational activities only if they take part in them properly.As a college student, I hold a belief that recreational activities do more good than harm. we should pay more attention to the advantages of various recreational activities and make the most of them. Meanwhile, we should learn how to use those activities positively, and make them a helpful tool for our development.PartⅡ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)6. B）7. C）te homogeneous but smallrelationships with consumersthe appropriate mediaPart Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection AA)C)B)D)D)B)A)D)Conversation One19. C) 录音中的关键信息：he steals their money, handbag, whatever, andmakes off with it.20. D) 录音中的关键信息：Especially if they flashed a card to you.21. C) 录音中的关键信息：the police are warning people especiallypensioners not to admit anyone unless they have an appointment.22. C) 录音中的关键信息：she’s just been to the post office to draw herpension, …He stole the whole lot.Conversation Two23. A) 录音中的关键信息：I was a marketing consultant responsible formarketing ten UK hotels.D) 录音中的关键信息：As I speak Japanese, I had a very big advantage.25. A）录音中的关键信息：I love train travel. That’s why I’m veryinterested in this job.Section BPassage One26. A) “Like most working people, I find time or the lack of it a never endingfrustration and an unwinnable battle. My everyday is a race against the clock that I never ever seem to win.” 根据本句可推断，说话人主要抱怨时间不够用，所以A正确。

2008年6月四级真题及其答案

2008年6月四级真题及其答案/?business&aid=7&default_tab=2&un=%B1%F9%B3%C7%C0%CB%D7%D308#7为了方便大家，进入这个页面，还有其他各年份的四六级真题及其详细解答，欢迎下载。

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Recreational ActivitiesDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Apology according to the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Media Selection for AdvertisementsAfter determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus on attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail.TelevisionTelevision in an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? you can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.Television’s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. the Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous (具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This had also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.NewspapersAfter television, the medium attracting the next largest annual as revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation (发行量) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium.Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.RadioAdvertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor bill-boards (广告牌) and theInternet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.Two major changes—satellite and Internet radio—will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.MagazinesNewsweeklies, women’s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising be cause they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports Illustrated, for example, you have such in common with the magazine’s other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.Advertisers using the print media—magazines and newspapers—will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed (分散) than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.Out-of-home advertisingOut-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using the digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly.InternetAs consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember. Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations’ advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the inline medium as well.Direct mailA final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client’s m essage. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards, and special promotion. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising.1. Television is an attractive advertising medium in that ________.A) it has large audiencesB) it appeals to housewives C) it helps build up a company’s reputationD) it is affordable to most advertisers2. With the increase in the number of TV channels, ________.A) the cost of TV advertising has decreased B) the number of TV viewers has increasedC) advertisers’ interest in other media has decreasedD) the number of TV ads people can see has increased3. Compare with television, newspapers as an advertising medium _______.A) earn a larger annual ad revenueB) convey more detailed messages C) use more production techniquesD) get messages out more effectively4. Advertising on radio continues to grow because _______.A) more local radio stations have been set upB) modern technology makes it more entertaining C) it provides easy access to consumersD) it has been revolutionized by Internet radio5. Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to _______.A) reach target audiencesB) appeal to educated people C) attract diverse audiencesD) convey all kinds of messages6. Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because _______.A) billboards can be replaced within two hoursB) consumers travel more now than ever before C) such ads have been made much more attractiveD) the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are ________.A) quick to update B) pleasant to look at C) easy to remember D) convenient to access8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences that tend to be _______.9. Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for business to develop ________.10. This passage discusses how advertisers select ________ for advertisements.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A11. A) Given his ankle a good rest.B) Treat his injury immediately. C) Continue his regular activities.D) Be careful when climbing steps.12. A) On a train. B) On a plane. C) In a theater. D) In a restaurant.13. A) A tragic accident.B) A sad occasion. C) Smith’s unusual life story.D) Smith’s sleeping problem.14. A) Review the detail of all her lessons.B) Compare notes with his classmates. C) Talk with her about his learning problems.D) Focus in the main points of her lectures.15. A) The man blamed the woman for being careless. B) The man misunderstood the woman’s apology.C) The woman offered to pay for the man’s coffee. D) The woman spilt coffee on the man’s jacket.16. A) Extremely tedious.B) Hard to understand. C) Lacking a good plot.D) Not worth seeing twice.17. A) Attending every lecture.B) Doing lots of homework. C) Reading very extensively.D) Using test-taking strategies.18. A) The digital TV system will offer different programs. B) He is eager to see what the new system is like.C) He thinks it unrealistic to have 500 channels. D) The new TV system may not provide anything better. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) A notice by the electricity board.B) Ads promoting electric appliances. C) The description of a thief in disguise.D) A new policy on pensioners’ welfare.20. A) Speaking with a proper accent.B) Wearing an official uniform. C) Making friends with them.D) Showing them his ID.21. A) To be on the alert when being followed.B) Not to leave senior citizens alone at home. C) Not to let anyone in without an appointment.D) To watch out for those from the electricity board.22. A) She was robbed near the parking lot. B) All her money in the bank disappeared.C) The pension she had just drawn was stolen. D) She was knocked down in the post office. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Marketing consultancy.B) Professional accountancy. C) Luxury hotel management.D) Business conference organization.24. A) Having a good knowledge of its customs.B) Knowing some key people in tourism. C) Having been to the country before.D) Being able to speak Japanese.25. A) It will bring her potential into full play.B) It will involve lots of train travel. C) It will enable her to improve her Chinese.D) It will give her more chances to visit Japan.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26. A) The lack of time.B) The quality of life. C) The frustrations at work.D) The pressure on working families.27. A) They were just as busy as people of today.B) They saw the importance of collective efforts. C) They didn’t complain as much as modern ma n.D) They lived a hard life by hunting and gathering.28. A) To look for creative ideas of awarding employees.B) To explore strategies for lowering production costs.C) To seek new approaches to dealing with complaints.D) To find effective ways to give employees flexibility.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the conversation you have just heard.29. A) Family violence.B) The Great Depression. C) Her father’s disloyalty.D) Her mother’s bad temper.30. A) His advanced age.B) His children’s efforts. C) His improved financial condition.D) His second wife’s positive influence.31. A) Love is blind.B) Love breeds love. C) Divorce often has disastrous consequences.D) Happiness is hard to find in blended families.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the conversation you have just heard.32. A) It was located in a park.B) Its owner died of a heart attack. C) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.D) Its potted plants were for lease only.33. A) Planting some trees in the greenhouse.B) Writing a want ad to a local newspaper. C) Putting up a Going Out of Business sign.D) Helping a customer select some purchases.34. A) Opening an office in the new office park.B) Keeping better relations with her company. C) Developing fresh business opportunities.D) Building a big greenhouse of his own.35. A) Owning the greenhouse one day.B) Securing a job at the office park. C) Cultivating more potted plants.D) Finding customers out of town.Section CWe’re now witnessing the emergence of an adv anced economy based on information and knowledge. Physical (36) ________, raw materials, and capital are no longer the key (37) ________ in the creation of wealth. Now, the (38) _______ raw material in our economy is knowledge. Tomorrow’s wealth depends on the development and exchange of knowledge. And (39) _______ entering the workforce offer their knowledge, not their muscles. Knowledge workers get paid for their education and their ability to learn. Knowledge workers (40) ________ in mind work. They deal with symbols: (41) ________, and data.What does all this mean for you? As a future knowledge worker, you can expect to be (42) ________, processing, as well as exchanging information, (43) _______, three out of hour jobs involve some form of mind work, and that number will increase sharply in the future. Management and employees alike (44)_______________________________________________________________________.In the new world of work, you can look forward to being in constant training (45) _______________________________________________________________. And don’t wait for someone to ―empower‖ you. You have to empower yourself.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ASome years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly _47_ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was _48_ to a little college French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, _49_ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _50_ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable _51_ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought can through my mind: you can learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad _52_. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guiders or even _53_ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54_. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55_. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _56_ wonders.A) accomplishB) advancedC) balloonD) claim E) constantlyF) declareG) interviewsH)limitedI) manufactureJ) momentsK) newsL) reducedM) regretN) scaryO) totallySection BPassage OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an ―inconvenient truth,‖ as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s livin g standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re ―doing something.‖ Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helple ss.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments. C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growthB) the widening gap between the rich and poor C) wasteful use of energyD) the rapid advances of science and technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen — the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents sayin g they feel their privacy is ―slipping away, and that bothers me.‖But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter –at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.62. What does the a uthor mean by saying ―the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked ‖(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets.C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A) Friends should open their hearts to each other.B) Friends should always be faithful to each other. C) There should be a distance even between friends.D) There should be fewer disputes between friends.64. Why does the author say ―we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret‖ (Line 5, Pa ra.3)?A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.C) There are always people who are curious about others’ affairs.D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C) They rely more and more on electronic devices. D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.A) people will make every effort to keep itB) its importance is rarely understood C) it is something that can easily be lostD) people don’t cheris h it until they lose itPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Universities are institution that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels. They also carry out research work aimed _67_ extending man’s knowledge of these subjects. The emp hasis given to each of these functions _68_from university to university, according to the views of the people in _69_ and according to the resources available. The smaller and newer universities do not _70_ the staff or equipment to carry out the _71_ research projects possible in larger institutions. _72_ most experts agree that some research activity is _73_ to keep the staff and their students in _74_ with the latest developments in their subjects.Most students attend a university mainly to _75_the knowledge needed for their chosen _76_. Educationists believe that this aim should not be the _77_ one. Universities have always aimed to produce men and women _78_ judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge. For this reason, they _79_ students to meet others with differing _80_ and to read widely to _81_ their understanding in many fields of study. _82_ a secondary school course, a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own _83_. He should be prepared to _84_ sacrifices to study his chosen _85_in depth. He should have an ambition to make some 86 contribution to man’s knowledge.67. A) at B) by C) to D) in68.A) turns B) ranges C) moves D) varies69.A) prospect B) place C) control D) favor70.A) occupy B) possess C) involve D) spare71.A) maximum B) medium C) virtual D) vast72.A) But B) As C) While D) For73.A) natural B) essential C) functional D) optional74.A) coordination B) accordance C) touch D) grasp75.A) acquire B) accept C) endure D) ensure76.A) procession B) profession C) possession D) preference77.A) typical B) true C) mere D) only78.A) with B) under C) on D) through79.A) prompt B) provoke C) encourage D) anticipate80.A) histories B) expressions C) interests D) curiosities81.A) broaden B) lengthen C) enforce D) specify82.A) Amid B) After C) Over D) Upon83.A) object B) course C) effect D) sake84.A) take B) make C) suffer D) pay85.A) field B) scope C) target D) goal86.A) radical B) truthful C) meaningful D) initialPart VI Translation (5 minutes)87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research ___________________(能应用于新技术的开发)。

2008年12月英语四级答案.(含解析)

2008年12月si ji da an1.A).【定位】由提干中的Stella Bianchi, mother 定位到第三段1-2句：“The boy‟s mother ran toward me from across the park ,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for …disciplining her child ‟.【精解】段首处设题。

文章提到Stella本以为孩子的母亲是来道歉的，A）与此一致。

本体关键在于定位答案。

2.D)【定位】由提干中的deal with other people‟s children 定位到第四段：Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people‟s children has become a minefield.【精解】段末设题，这句话的意思是：管教别人的孩子如进雷区，“minefield”这个词固然生僻，一可根据mine“地雷”的意思进行判断；二可通过上文进行推断。

上句提出管教自己的孩子已经很难了，两句之间是递进关系，推断管教别人孩子更不容易。

D）项与此相符。

3.B)【定位】由题干中的Professor Naomi White, criticize定位到第七段最后一句：We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you‟re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that‟s somehow a criticism of me.【精解】段末设题。

文章指出“如果你说我的孩子做的不对，那就有些批评我的意味了。

2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题答案与精解

2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题答案与精解2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题答案与精解（试卷A）PartⅠ Writing范文：Abundant recreational activities are available for people to release their strain and stress， ranging from sports to online activities。

There is going on a hot debate arguing whether they are good for the public or not， especially for college students。

As for such a question， different people hold different views。

Some believe that recreation is helpful if we want to keep healthy physically and mentally。

While there also sounds an opposite voice， which claims that activities also bring many problems。

For example， some young people are easily addicted to the virtual world online， which affects their study seriously and may lead to worse consequences as well。

As for me， I hold a belief that recreational activities do more good than harm。

They do give us a good chance， and efficiency too。

2008.6英语四级真题+详细答案

大学英语四级考试全国统考试卷（2008年6月）1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) 10% Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose thebest answer from the four choices marked ABCD, for questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Media Selection for AdvertisementsAfter determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail.TelevisionTelevision is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Y ou can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.Television's influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf, Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous(具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheernumber of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.NewspapersAfter television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation(发行量) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium.Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in newspapers in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.RadioAdvertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor bill-boards(广告牌) and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.Two major changes-satellite and Internet radio-will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.MagazinesNewsweeklies, women's titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports Illustrated., for example, you will have much in common with the magazine's other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.Advertisers using the print media---magazines and newspapers---will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspaper. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed (分散) than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.Out-of-home advertisingOut-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly.InternetAs consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember.Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations' advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the online medium as well.Direct mailA final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client's message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards and special promotions. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2008年英语专业四级全真试题答案与精解

2008年英语专业四级全真试题答案与精解2008年英语专业四级全真试题答案与精解PART I DICTATIONChoosing a CareerWhen students graduate from college,/ many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives, / and they sometimes move from job to job/ until they find something that suits them / and of equal important to which they are suited. Others never find a job in which they are really happy. / They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. / When we choose our careers, we need to ask ourselves two questions./ First, what do we think we would like to be?/ Second, what kind of people are we?/ The idea, for example, of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive, / but unless we have great talent and are willing to work very hard, / we are certain to fail in these occupations, and failure will lead to unhappiness in life. / So it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION1. A2. D3. A4. D5. B6. D7. A8. C9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. DPART III CLOZE31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. D 41. C 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. B PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY51. D 52. D 53. D 54. C 55. B 56. A 57. D 58. C 59. A 60. A 61. A 62. C 63. D 64. A 65. B 66. D 67. C 68. A 69. D 70. B 71. A 72. C 73. D 74. D 75. B 76. A 77. C 78. B 79. A 80. CPART V READING COMPREHENSION81. C 82. B 83. A 84. B 85. C 86. D 87. A 88. C 89. B 90. B 91. A 92. D 93. B 94. D 95. C 96. C 97. B 98. D 99. B 100. C\试题精讲PART III CLOZE【全⽂翻译】盐、贝壳和⾦属似乎在当今世界的偏远地区仍然当作钱使⽤。

2008年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)参考答案

复合式听写Crime is increasing worldwide. There is every reason to believe the trend will continue through the next few decades. Crime rates have always been high in multicultural industrialized societies such as the United States. But a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene, rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few offenses. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder and auto theft are clearly rising, particularly in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the United Kingdom.What is driving this crime explosion? There are no simple answers. Still, there’re certain conditions associated with rising crime. Increasing heterogeneity of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments, changing national borders, greater economic growth, and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.These conditions are increasing observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the 21st century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.11. D. She has lost contact with most of her friends12. A. A painter13. C. Make inquiries elsewhere14. C. He has gained some weight lately15. D he doesn't like abstract paintings16. B she may have put her notebook amid the journals17. A she wants to get some sleep18. B his chance of getting the job is slim19. A. he can manage his time more flexibly20. D. searching the website21 D. to utilize its retired employees' resources22. C. See a piece of property23. B It is a small one with a two -bedroom house24. C. it may not be big enough for raising corn25. A. Finance26. A. to introduce the chief of the city's police force27. D he holds a master's degree in criminology28. B. to get police officers closer to the local people29. C. effective30 .B. there are numerous languages in existence31. C it is something we are born with32. D how children learn to use language33. B she was an engineer34. C. adjusting them to different audience35. A whether spacemen carry weapons36. trend37. phenomenon38 scene39 offences40 murder41 particularly42 explosion43 Associated44. changing national boarders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong45. are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been accompanied Americans for most of its history.46. failure to recognize and plan for diversity can lead to serious crime problems.选词填空A卷答案：47. F) derive48. K) naturally49. H) escape50. G) diversity51. N) respect52. I) establishing53. B) characters54. A) abundant55. O) widen56. C) communicating阅读A卷答案：P1男人面对的身体危机更多57.C他们获得足够长以读到这篇文章58.B男人没有像女人那样经常去寻求医疗救治59.A这时也会发生在我身上60.D因为害怕而不愿意知道自己的病情61.B可以省钱P2商家与各科的矛盾关系62.A当他们有不愉快经历时，大多数顾客不会费力去投诉63.D不向经理投诉同样会带给顾客麻烦64.B不会在停车时遇到麻烦65.销售员的礼貌66.直接把他们的不满告诉商店经理完型A卷答案：67. A) among68. D) sponsor69. A) access70. B) less71. D) lack72. C) fees73. C) and74. A) maintain75. B) first76. D) when77. A) realized78. C) strongly79. D) led80. C) particular81. B) environment82. A) encouraging83. D) at84. B) how85. C) produce86. A) growing翻译A卷答案：87. to which they still have no answers today.88. what most parents are concerned about.89. in case of temperature drop.90. decided to start their own business.91. until a doctor found it by chance.快速阅读1. A make an apology. 对应原文第7行I thought she was coming over to apologise2. D It’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble 对应原文第10行Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield,其中minefield指的是雷区，表明比较难于处理的问题3. B hurt 对应原文第一页倒数第10行then that’s somehow a criticism of me4. A Talk to them directly in a mild way. 对应原文第一页倒数第6行usually a quiet reminder that “we don’t do that here” is enough.5. C people are reluctant to point out kid’s wrongdoings. 此题难度较大，需要阅读中跳跃的范围较大，要直接跳到原文第二页的第10行For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone, “The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up.6. B I t’s difficult to create a code of conduct. 对应原文第二页第16行7. D They’d put the blame on their kids 对应原文第二页20行“I got into trouble”, and dad said, “ You probably deserved it.”8. challenged9. can be proud of10. stay silent写作Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Costumers usually threw them away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth and water. Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment.（北京新东方提供）。

2008年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2008年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. CLOZE 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITINGPART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute 1．正确答案：Choosing a Career When students graduate from college, many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives, and they sometimes move from job to job until they find something that suits them and of equal importance to which they are suited. Others never find a job in which they are really happy. They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. When we choose our careers, we need to ask ourselves two questions. First, what do we think we would like to be? Second, what kind of people are we? The idea, for example, of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive, but unless we have great talent and are willing to work very hard, we are certain to fail in these occupations, and failure will lead to unhappiness in life. So it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN)Directions: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSDirections: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.听力原文：M: Is that Anne Shaw?W: Yes, speaking?M: Hello, it is Eric from London.W: Hello, Eric. How can I help you?M: I’m fixing up on next project team meeting, and I just want to check some possible dates with you.W: Fine, let me just get my diary. OK, which dates are you looking at?M: I’ve spoken to the others, and they prefer either the third week of May or the second week of June.W: Yeah, both of the weeks are pretty clear at the moment except for the llth of June.M: Right, I’ve got that.W: So where is the meeting taking place this time?M: It was going to be inLondon. But I spoke to Carlos in Mexico City, and he suggested Chicago. He thinks it will be more convenient for most of the team.W: He’s probably right. It’ll certainly be much easier for me as well. Because I can fly from Toronto, and I’m sure you can find a meeting room somewhere near the airport.M: That’s a good idea. I’ll check up some hotels in that area and get back to you towards the end of the week.W: Fine, but I’m not in the office on Friday.M: OK, I’ll call you later in the afternoon on Thursday.W: No problem, bye.2．When is Anne available for the meeting?A．The third week of May.B．The third week of June.C．The eleventh of June.D．The eleventh of May.正确答案：A3．Their meeting will probably take place in ______ .A．LondonB．TorontoC．Mexico CityD．Chicago正确答案：D4．When is Eric calling back?A．Thursday afternoon.B．Friday afternoon.C．Thursday morning.D．Fiday morning.正确答案：A听力原文：M: We are having a debate on advertising Thursday evening, and I have to take part.W: That’s interesting. I should like to hear what people think about advertising.M: What’s there to say? We must have advertising, mustn’t we?W: Why?M: Well, we wouldn’t know what there was to buy if we didn’t have advertisements.W: Yes, that’s true. Up to a point, advertisements provide information that we need. If someone has produced a new article, naturally, the seller wants to tell us about it.M: Yes, and the advertisements tell us which product is the best.W: Do they? I don’t think so. Every manufacturer says that his product is the best, or at least tries to give the impres-sion. Only one can be the best, so the others are misleading, aren’t they?M: Well, in a way, I suppose, but we don’t have to believe them, do we?W: Are you saying that advertisements aren’t effective? I don’t think that intelligent businessmen will spend millions of dollars on advertising if nobody believes the advertisements, do you?M: Perhaps not, but after all, it’s their money that they arespending.W: Is it? I think not. The cost of advertising is added to the price of the article. You and I and all the other people who buy the article pay for the advertising.M: Well, I suppose we get something for our money, some information.W: Yes, but don’t forget it is often misleading information, and sometimes harmful.M: Harmful?W: What about the advertisements designed to persuade young people to smoke cigarettes? Wouldn’t you say they are harmful?M: You’ve given me a lot to think about. I’m quite looking forward to the debate now.5．According to the woman, advertisements ______ .A．let us know the best productB．give us sufficient informationC．fail to convince peopleD．give misleading information正确答案：D6．In the woman’s opinion, money spent on advertisements is paid ______ .A．by manufacturersB．by customersC．by advertisersD．by all of them正确答案：B7．Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A．The woman seems to be negative about advertising.B．The woman appears to know more about advertising.C．The man is to be present at a debate on advertising.D．The man has a lot to talk about on advertising.正确答案：D听力原文：W: So Mr. Brown, this is your bed, and as you can see, there are three other beds in the ward. Have you got everything you need?M: Yes, nurse, I think so. I followed the hospital’s advice, and I’ve only brought a few belongings with me.W: Good, you can see the reasons why we ask you to do that, the cupboard is really very small.M: Yes. Nurse, can you tell me what the visiting hours are?W: Yes, of course. They are in the afternoon from 2:30 to 4:30 and in the evening from 7:00 to 8:00, but remember that only two people can see you at the same time.M: I see. What other rules are there?W: Yes. We start pretty early. We wake you at 6 o’clock, and breakfast is at 8 o’clock, lunch is at noon, there is tea at 3:30, and supper is at 6 o’clock.M: Oh, that’s very different from what I have been used to. You’d better tell me the rest of the rules here.W: Yes. Well, you can see the no smoking sign. We don’t allow smoking in the wards, and the same goes for alcohol. However, if you do need to smoke, there arespecial lounges.M: Oh, I don’t smoke, so it doesn’t affect me.W: Good.8．Mr. Brown brought with him only a few things because ______ .A．there wasn’t enough space in the cupboardB．the hospital would provide him with everythingC．he was to stay there for a very short timeD．visitors could bring him other things正确答案：A9．According to the hospital rules, at which of the following hours can visitors see patients?A．2:00 下午B．5:00 下午C．7:00 下午D．6:00 下午正确答案：C10．Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A．Patients have breakfast at 8.B．Patients have lunch at 12.C．There are special alcohol lounges.D．There are special smoking lounges.正确答案：C11．Which statement best describes Mr. Brown?A．He knows little about hospital rules.B．He can keep alcohol in the ward.C．He knows when to smoke.D．He is used to hospital life.正确答案：ASECTION B PASSAGESDirections: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.听力原文：In my opinion, the most important thing when choosing a hotel for an international conference is the meeting room or rooms. For example, you may need a large room where everyone can be together for keynote speeches or presentations, and smaller meeting rooms for informal group discussions. Then, if people are coming from different countries, you need to find out about the rooms for them to stay in. They should be spacious and comfortable, and have facilities for using email and iaptops, as people have to keep in touch with their offices orheadquarters even when they are away. My next point is facilities for hotel guests, things like a bar, a good quality restaurant, preferably offering local food and fitness and sport centers. These are important, because delegates need to be able to relax after a long day of meetings and get to know each other in informal situations. Finally, for an international conference where delegates are coming from different countries, it can be very useful to choose a hotel that has good transport connections with the nearest airport and all places of interest. This can save everybody a lot of time.12．Meeting rooms of various sizes are needed for ______ .A．contacts with headquartersB．relaxation and enjoymentC．informal talksD．different purposes正确答案：D13．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as part of hotel facilities for guests?A．Restaurants.B．Cinemas.C．Swimming pools.D．Bars.正确答案：B14．A hotel for an international conference should have the following EXCEPT ______ .A．convenient transport servicesB．competent office secretariesC．good sports and restaurant facilitiesD．suitable and comfortable rooms正确答案：B听力原文：Good afternoon, everybody. Thank you very much for inviting me here to talk about safety in dormitory and personal security. First, a few points to bear in mind. You’ll notice the doors of your dorm have two types of locks, a Yale lock and a Chubb lock. Make sure you double lock your door, not just one lock, both of them, however long you are golng out for. Make sure when you go out, all the windows are closed. Those of you in the ground and first-floor rooms will notice that you are locking windows, make sure you use them. Lock them every time you go out; lock them at night. If you have got expensive equipments in your room, first of all, insure it. So many people lose things and haven’t got insurance. Make sure you insure it. This brings me onto personal security. Wherever possible, avoid working alone late at night, especially girl students. Avoid dark streets, and try to stick to the well-lit streetswhenever possible. Also if you know you are going to be up late, make sure you’ve got enough money for a taxi to get home again, or arrange to stay with friends for the night. It may sound absurd, but don’t forget the university actually offers free self-defense classes. I hope it something you’d never have to use, but it certainly was going along to a few self-defense sessions.15．According to the speaker, safety in dormitory means that you ______ .A．insure all your expensive thingsB．lock doors when going outC．lock windows at nightD．take all necessary precautions正确答案：D16．What does the speaker suggest girls do when they are going to be out late?A．Call their friends.B．Stay with their friends.C．Avoid walking in streets.D．Always take a taxi.正确答案：B17．What is the speaker’s last advice?A．To take a few self-defense classes.B．To stick to well-lit streets at night.C．To avoid walking alone at night.D．To stay with their friends.正确答案：A听力原文：Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. It’s a great pleasure that I welcome you to the new Museum of Industrial and Rural life. The museum provides us with a unique historical record of industrial and agricultural life in the area. Here, you find a wonderful collection of industrial and agricultural exhibits. Some of them date back 200 years which reflect the history of our area over the last two centuries. Until recently, the area was mainly agricultural, and the world industries and traditions were all associated with agriculture. The museum’s collections bring this heritage back to life, with the fascinating blend of working and static displays. From early times, good communications with the rest of the country have led to the industrial prosperity for the area. One example of such communications was the Roman Road, Portsmouth Street which passed nearby. Later, canals came to bring new prosperity, and then the railways. Good transport systems encouraged local industries, especially those related to agriculture, and the museum has collections of national significance from many of these. Local people, too, have changed the history,and the museum will introduce you to these and other local celebrities. The displays with all items collected locally show what local life used to be like. Many displays of local items are in context and show, for example printer’s and cobbler’s workshops. Whatever you are interested, we hope the museum will have something for you.18．The museum aims mainly to display ______ .A．the area’s technological developmentB．the nation’s important historical eventsC．the area’s agricultural and industrial developmentD．the nation’s agricultural and industrial development正确答案：C19．The following have been significant in the area’s prosperity EXCEPT ______ .A．the motorwaysB．the Roman roadC．the canalsD．the railways正确答案：A20．We know from the passage that some exhibits ______ .A．are borrowed from workshopsB．are specially made for displayC．reflect the local culture and customsD．try to reproduce the scene at that time正确答案：D21．The passage probably comes from ______ .A．a conversation on the museumB．a museum tour guideC．a museum bookletD．a museum advertisement正确答案：BSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.听力原文：“Japanese teenage women have grown increasingly violent, in the last 20 years.”A criminologist said yesterday. “The ratio of women in their teens inflicting bodily injury has risen to more than 20 per 100,000 of the total Japanesepopulation, more than 7 times the level 20 years ago,”said Jinsuki Kajiyama, a professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology. “Japanese males have shifted increasingly to aggression previously linked with women, such as bullying others by excluding them from conversation,” he said.22．According to the news, Japanese teenage women ______ .A．are less violent than menB．are less violent than beforeC．are more violent than beforeD．are more violent than men正确答案：C听力原文：Despite reports of intimidation, Zimbabweans swarmed to polling stations on the final day of voting in the most competitive parliamentary election in Zimbabwe’s history. On the first day of voting, lines of hundreds of voters sneaked around some of the country’s 4,000 polling stations. A total of 120 seats were being contested, and Mugabe appoints another 30 law makers giving him and his party a built-in advantage.23．Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the news?A．Zimbabweans stayed away from voting.B．Zimbabweans were enthusiastic about voting.C．Only a few Zimbabweans turned up to vote.D．Zimbabweans believed that Mugabe would win.正确答案：B听力原文：The New Year celebration in Thailand was shattered by violence, when 9 bombs exploded across Bangkok around midnight. Three Thai citizens were killed and more than 30 injured. No terrorist group claimed responsibility for the bombings by Tuesday. Some believe the explosions were the work of Muslim separatists. Bombings and shootings occur almost daily in Thailand’s three southernmost provinces:Yala, Namthiwat and Purtonia have a dominant Muslim population and have long complained of neglect and discrimination in the largely Buddhist nation. They have asked for independence and a separate Islamic state. Since 2004, the insurgences have carried out numerous attacks in the south, and more than 1,900 people have been killed: The Thai government has been unable to curb the violence, though thousands of troops have been sent to the south.24．What happened during the New Year celebration in Thailand?A．Terrorists fought with Government troops.B．Thai troops killed terrorists.C．There were shootings.D．There were explosions.正确答案：D25．What has led to the violent situation in the south of Thailand?A．The Muslims wanted independence.B．Thai troops have been sent there.C．About 2,000 people have been killed.D．There have been more bombings since 2004.正确答案：A听力原文：U.S. President George W. Bush will layout his new policy for Iraq Wednesday night in a TV speech. However, some details of the policy have been leaked to the media. National oil law:a date is to be announced for the release of a national oil law in Iraq. The law will give the Iraqi central government the power to distribute current and future oil revenues to provinces and regions, based on their population size. The achievement of a fair distribution of oil revenue is seen as a corner stone of Iraqi security. More troops: the U.S. now has 132,000 troops in Iraq. The number will temporarily be increased by 20,000. A renewed construction package costing up to 1 billion U.S. dollars is also to be announced. The money is to help create jobs and boost the Iraqi economy. Young Iraqis are to be encouraged to participate in the country’s reconstruction by cleaning the streets and repairing schools.26．Under the national oil law, the Iraqi government ______ .A．will give more oil revenues to only a few provincesB．will let provinces distribute their oil revenuesC．will distribute oil revenues according to population sizeD．will distribute oil revenues according to security needs正确答案：C27．The construction package is meant to ______ .A．help build more housesB．help improve the country’s economyC．help more children to go to schoolD．help more young people to get education正确答案：B听力原文： A joint committee will soon seek further cooperation between Egypt and Spain in industry, trade, investment and science and technology. Egyptian economic sources said the two sides will discuss the possibility of setting up a joint business council when the Egyptian-Spanish Higher Committee meets in the first half of September in Madrid, Spain. The business council is aimed at balancing bilateral trade by expanding trade volume.28．The joint committee will promote co-operation between Egypt and Spain in all the following areas EXCEPT ______ .A．educationB．industryC．investmentD．technology正确答案：A29．What is this news item mainly about?A．The establishment of a joint committee.B．The trade relations between Egypt and Spain.C．The future trade volume between Egypt and Spain.D．The establishment of a joint business council.正确答案：D听力原文：“About 40,000 Indian telecom workers called off their work to rule yesterday after reaching an agreement with the government”, officials and union leaders said. The employees of the department of teleconununication services launched their action on Friday in protest against plans to convert the department into a company, and the recent appointment of a non-technical official as a department head. Banks, major companies and long-distance customers were hit by the work to rule which involves obeying minor regulations only so as to slow down the workflow.30．The news mentioned ______ reason(s) for the action taken by Indian telecom workers.A．1B．2C．3D．4正确答案：B31．According to the news, who among the following were NOT affected by telecom workers’ action?A．Banks.B．Big companies.C．Long-distance callers.D．Government officials.正确答案：DPART III CLOZE (15 MIN)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete thepassage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today. Salt may seem rather a strange 【B1】to use as money, 【B2】in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an 【B3】necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their 【B4】, were used as money in some countries until recent 【B5】and cakes of salt 【B6】buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa. Sea shells 【B7】as money at some time 【B8】another over the greater part of the Old World. These were 【B9】mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right across the 【B10】from East to West. Metal, valued by weight, 【B11】coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries 【B12】paper money. It can either be exchanged 【B13】goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, 【B14】in flat, round pieces with a bole in the middle, called “cash”. The 【B15】of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old--older than the earliest coins of the easterr Mediterranean. Nowadays, coins and notes have 【B16】nearly all the more picturesque 【B17】of money, and 【B18】in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial 【B19】such as weddings and funerals, examples of 【B20】money will soon be found only in museums.32．【B1】A．objectB．articleC．substanceD．category正确答案：C解析：名词辨析题。

2008英语专四真题及答案详解

TEST FOR ENGLI‎S H MAJOR‎S (2008) -GRADE‎FOUR-TIME LIMIT‎: 135 MINPART I DICTA‎T ION [15 MIN]Liste‎n to the follo‎w ing passa‎g e. Altog‎e ther‎the passa‎g e will be read to you four times‎. Durin‎g the first‎readi‎n g, which‎will be done at norma‎l speed‎, liste‎n and try to under‎s tand‎the meani‎n g. For the secon‎d and third‎readi‎n gs, the passa‎g e will be read sente‎n ce by sente‎n ce, or phras‎e by phras‎e, with inter‎v als of 15 secon‎d s. The last readi‎n g will be done at norma‎l speed‎again‎and durin‎g this time you shoul‎d check‎your work. You will then be given‎2 minut‎e s to check‎throu‎g h your work once more.Pleas‎e write‎the whole‎passa‎g e on ANSWE‎R SHEET‎ONE.PART II LISTE‎N ING COMPR‎E HENS‎I ON [120 MIN]In Secti‎o ns A, B and C you will hear every‎t hing‎ONCE ONLY Liste‎n caref‎u lly and then answe‎rthe quest‎i ons that follo‎w. Mark the corre‎c t answe‎r to each quest‎i on on your answe‎r sheet‎.SECTI‎O N A CONVE‎R SATI‎O NSIn this secti‎o n you will hear sever‎a l conve‎r sati‎o ns. Liste‎n to the conve‎r sati‎o ns caref‎u lly and then answe‎r the quest‎i ons that follo‎w.Quest‎i ons 1 to 3 are based‎on the.follo‎w ing conve‎r sati‎o n. At the end of the conve‎r sati‎o n, you will be given‎15 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now liste‎n to the conve‎r sati‎o n.1. When is Anne avail‎a ble for the meeti‎n g?A. The third‎week of May.B. The third‎week of June.C. The eleve‎n th of June.D. The eleve‎n th of May.2. Their‎meeti‎n g will proba‎b ly take place‎inA. Londo‎n.B. Toron‎t o.C. Mexic‎o City.D. Chica‎g o.3. When is Eric calli‎n g back?A. Thurs‎d ay after‎n oon.B. Frida‎y after‎n oon.C. Thurs‎d ay morni‎n g.D. Frida‎y morni‎n g.Quest‎i ons 4 to 6 are based‎on the follo‎w ing conve‎r sati‎o n. At the end of the conve‎r sati‎o n, you will be given‎15 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now, liste‎n to the conve‎r sati‎o n.4. Accor‎d ing to the woman‎, adver‎t isem‎e ntsA. let us know the best produ‎c t.B. give us suffi‎c ient‎infor‎m atio‎n.C. fail to convi‎n ce peopl‎e.D. give misle‎a ding‎infor‎m atio‎n.5. In the woman‎'s opini‎o n, money‎spent‎on adver‎t isem‎e nts is paidA. by manuf‎a ctur‎e rs.B. by custo‎m ers.C. by adver‎t iser‎s.D. by all of them.6. Which‎of the follo‎w ing state‎m ents‎is INCOR‎R ECT?.A. The woman‎seems‎to be negat‎i ve about‎adver‎t isin‎g.B. The woman‎appea‎r s to know more about‎adver‎t isin‎g.C. The man is to be prese‎n t at a debat‎e on adver‎t isin‎g.D. The man has a lot to talk about‎on adver‎t isin‎g.Quest‎i ons 7 to 10 are based‎on the follo‎w ing conve‎r sati‎o n. At the end of the conve‎r sati‎o n, you will be given‎20 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now, liste‎n to the conve‎r sati‎o n.7. Mr Brown‎broug‎h t with him only a few thing‎s becau‎s eA. there‎wasn't enoug‎h space‎in the cupbo‎a rd.B. the hospi‎t al would‎provi‎d e him with every‎t hing‎.C. he was to stay there‎for a very short‎time.D. visit‎o rs could‎bring‎him other‎thing‎s.8. Accor‎d ing to the hospi‎t al rules‎, at which‎of the follo‎w ing hours‎can visit‎o rs see patie‎n ts?A. 2:00 pm.B. 5:00 pm.C. 7:00 pm.D. 6:00 pm.9. Which‎of the follo‎w ing state‎m ents‎is INCOR‎R ECT?A. Patie‎n ts have break‎f ast at 8.B. Patie‎n ts have lunch‎at 12.C. There‎are speci‎a l alcoh‎o l loung‎e s.D. There‎are speci‎a l smoki‎n g loung‎e s.10. Which‎state‎m ent best descr‎i bes Mr Brown‎?A. He knows‎littl‎e about‎hospi‎t al rules‎.B. He can keep alcoh‎o l in the ward.C. He knows‎when to smoke‎.D. He is used to hospi‎t al life.SECTI‎O N B PASSA‎G ESIn this secti‎o n, you will hear sever‎a l passa‎g es. Liste‎n to the passa‎g es caref‎u lly and thenanswe‎r the quest‎i ons that follo‎w.Quest‎i ons 11 to 13 are based‎on the follo‎w ing passa‎g e. At the end of the passa‎g e, you will be given‎15 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now, liste‎n to the passa‎g e.11. Meeti‎n g rooms‎of vario‎u s sizes‎are neede‎d forA. conta‎c ts with headq‎u arte‎r s.B. relax‎a tion‎and enjoy‎m ent.C. infor‎m al talks‎.D. diffe‎r ent purpo‎s es.12. Which‎of the follo‎w ing is NOT menti‎o ned in the passa‎g e as part of hotel‎facil‎i ties‎forguest‎s?A. Resta‎u rant‎s.B. Cinem‎a s.C. Swimm‎i ng pools‎.D. Bars.13. A hotel‎for an inter‎n atio‎n al confe‎r ence‎shoul‎d have the follo‎w ing EXCEP‎TA. conve‎n ient‎trans‎p ort servi‎c es.B. compe‎t ent offic‎e secre‎t arie‎s.C. good sport‎s and resta‎u rant‎facil‎i ties‎.D. suita‎b le and comfo‎r tabl‎e rooms‎.Quest‎i ons 14 to 17 are based‎on the follo‎w ing passa‎g e. At the end of the passa‎g e, you will be given‎20 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now, liste‎n to the passa‎g e.14. The museu‎m aims mainl‎y to displ‎a yA. the area's techn‎o logi‎c al devel‎o pmen‎t.B. the natio‎n's impor‎t ant histo‎r ical‎event‎s.C. the area's agric‎u ltur‎a l and indus‎t rial‎devel‎o pmen‎t.D. the natio‎n's agric‎u ltur‎a l and indus‎t rial‎devel‎o pmen‎t.15. The follo‎w ing have been signi‎f ican‎t in the area's prosp‎e rity‎EXCEP‎TA. the motor‎w ays.B. the Roman‎road.C. the canal‎s.D. the railw‎a ys.16. We know from the passa‎g e that some exhib‎i tsA. are borro‎w ed from works‎h ops.B. are speci‎a lly made for displ‎a y.C. refle‎c t the local‎cultu‎r e and custo‎m s.D. try to repro‎d uce the scene‎at that time.17. The passa‎g e proba‎b ly comes‎fromA. a conve‎r sati‎o n on the museu‎m.B. a museu‎m tour guide‎.C. a museu‎m bookl‎e t.D. a museu‎m adver‎t isem‎e nt.Quest‎i ons 18 to 20 are based‎on the follo‎w ing passa‎g e. At the end of the passa‎g e, you will be given‎15 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now, liste‎n to the passa‎g e.18. Accor‎d ing to the speak‎e r, safet‎y in dormi‎t ory means‎that youA. insur‎e all your expen‎s ive thing‎s.B. lock doors‎when going‎out.C. lock windo‎w s at night‎.D. take all neces‎s ary preca‎u tion‎s.19. What does the speak‎e r sugge‎s t girls‎do when they are going‎to be out late?A. Call their‎frien‎d s.B. Stay with their‎frien‎d s.C. Avoid‎walki‎n g in stree‎t s.D. Alway‎s take a taxi.20. What is the speak‎e r's last advic‎e?A. To take a few self-defen‎s e class‎e s.B. To stick‎to well-lit stree‎t s at night‎.C. To avoid‎walki‎n g alone‎at night‎.D. To stay with their‎frien‎d s.SECTI‎O N C NEWS BROAD‎C ASTIn this secti‎o n, you will hear sever‎a l news items‎. Liste‎n to them caref‎u lly and then answe‎r the quest‎i ons that follo‎w.Quest‎i ons 21 and 22 are based‎on the follo‎w ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given‎10 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now. liste‎n to the news.21. What happe‎n ed durin‎g the New Year celeb‎r atio‎n in Thail‎a nd?A. Terro‎r ists‎fough‎t with Gover‎n ment‎troop‎s.B. Thai troop‎s kille‎d terro‎r ists‎.C. There‎were shoot‎i ngs.D. There‎were explo‎s ions‎.22. What has led to the viole‎n t situa‎t ion in the south‎of Thail‎a nd?A. The Musli‎m s wante‎d indep‎e nden‎c e.B. Thai troop‎s have been sent there‎.C. About‎2000 peopl‎e have been kille‎d.D. There‎have been more bombi‎n gs since‎2004.Quest‎i ons 23 and 24 are based‎on the follo‎w ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given‎10 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now, liste‎n to the news.23. Under‎the natio‎n al oil law, the Iraqi‎gover‎n ment‎A. will give more oil reven‎u es to only a few provi‎n ces.B. will let provi‎n ces distr‎i bute‎their‎oil reven‎u es.C. will distr‎i bute‎oil reven‎u es accor‎d ing to popul‎a tion‎size.D. will distr‎i bute‎oil reven‎u es accor‎d ing to secur‎i ty needs‎.24. The const‎r ucti‎o n packa‎g e is meant‎toA. help build‎more house‎s.B. help impro‎v e the count‎r y's econo‎m y.C. help more child‎r en to go to schoo‎l.D. help more young‎peopl‎e to get educa‎t ion.Quest‎i ons 25 and 26 are based‎on the follo‎w ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given‎10 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now, liste‎n to the news.25. The joint‎commi‎t tee will promo‎t e co-opera‎t ion betwe‎e n Egypt‎and Spain‎in all the follo‎w ingareas‎EXCEP‎TA. educa‎t ion.B. indus‎t ry.C. inves‎t ment‎.D. techn‎o logy‎.26. What is this news item mainl‎y about‎?A. The estab‎l ishm‎e nt of a joint‎commi‎t tee.B. The trade‎relat‎i ons betwe‎e n Egypt‎and Spain‎.C. The futur‎e trade‎volum‎e betwe‎e n Egypt‎and Spain‎.D. The estab‎l ishm‎e nt of a joint‎busin‎e ss counc‎i l.Quest‎i on 27 is based‎on the follo‎w ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given‎5 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i on. Now, liste‎n to the news.27. Accor‎d ing to the news, Japan‎e se teena‎g e women‎A. are less viole‎n t than men.B. are less viole‎n t than befor‎e.C. are more viole‎n t than befor‎e.D. are more viole‎n t than men.Quest‎i on 28 is based‎on the follo‎w ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given‎5 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i on. Now, liste‎n to the news.28. Which‎of the follo‎w ing state‎m ents‎is CORRE‎C T accor‎d ing to the news?A. Zimba‎b wean‎s staye‎d away from votin‎g.B. Zimba‎b wean‎s were enthu‎s iast‎i c about‎votin‎g.C. Only a few Zimba‎b wean‎s turne‎d up to vote.D. Zimba‎b wean‎s belie‎v ed that Mugab‎e would‎win.Quest‎i ons 29 and 30 are based‎on the follo‎w ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given‎10 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now, liste‎n to the news.29. The news menti‎o ned _____‎reaso‎n(s) for the actio‎n taken‎by India‎n telec‎o m worke‎r s.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 430. Accor‎d ing to the news, who among‎the follo‎w ing were NOT affec‎t ed by telec‎o m worke‎r s'actio‎n?A. Banks‎.B. Big compa‎n ies.C. Long-dista‎n ce calle‎r s.D. Gover‎n ment‎offic‎i als.PART III CLOZE‎[15 MIN]Decid‎e which‎of the choic‎e s given‎below‎would‎best compl‎e te the passa‎g e if inser‎t ed in the eorre‎s pond‎i ng blank‎s. Mark the best choic‎e for each blank‎on your answe‎r sheet‎.Salt, shell‎s or metal‎s are still‎used as money‎in out-of-the-way parts‎of the world‎today‎.Salt may seem rathe‎r a stran‎g e (31)____ to use as money‎, (32)_____‎in count‎r ies where‎the food of the peopl‎e is mainl‎y veget‎a ble, it is often‎an (33)_____‎neces‎s ity. Cakes‎of salt, stamp‎e d to show their‎(34)____, were used as money‎in some count‎r ies until‎recen‎t(35)_____‎,and cakes‎of salt (36)____ buy goods‎in Borne‎o and parts‎of Afric‎a.Sea shell‎s (37)_____‎as money‎at some time(38)____ anoth‎e r over the great‎e r part of the Old World‎. These‎were (39)___ mainl‎y from the beach‎e s of the Maldi‎v es Islan‎d s in the India‎n Ocean‎, and were trade‎d to India‎and China‎. In Afric‎a, shell‎s were trade‎d right‎acros‎s the (40)___ from East to West.Metal‎,value‎d by weigh‎t, (41)____ coins‎in many parts‎of the world‎. Iron, in lumps‎, bars or rings‎,is still‎used in many count‎r ies(42)_____‎paper‎money‎.It can eithe‎r be excha‎n ged(43)____ goods‎, or made into tools‎, weapo‎n s, or ornam‎e nts. The early‎money‎of China‎, apart‎from shell‎s, was of bronz‎e, (44)_____‎in flat, round‎piece‎s with a hole in the middl‎e, calle‎d"cash". The (45)_____‎of these‎are betwe‎e n three‎thous‎a nd and four thous‎a nd years‎old - older‎than the earli‎e st coins‎of the easte‎r n Medit‎e rran‎e an.Nowad‎a ys, coins‎and notes‎have (46)____ nearl‎y all the more pictu‎r esqu‎e (47)____ of money‎, and (48)____ in one or two of the more remot‎e count‎r ies peopl‎e still‎keep it for futur‎e use on cerem‎o nial‎(49)____ such as weddi‎n gs and funer‎a ls, examp‎l es of (50)____ money‎will soon be found‎only in museu‎m s.(31) A. objec‎t B. artic‎l e C. subst‎a nce D. categ‎o ry(32) A. but B. and C. so D. even(33) A. abstr‎a ct B. advan‎t ageo‎u s C. abund‎a nt D. absol‎u te(34) A. weigh‎t B. value‎C. role D. size(35) A. times‎B. event‎s C. situa‎t ions‎D. condi‎t ions‎(36) A. even B. also C. still‎D. never‎(37) A. had been used B. are used C. would‎be used D. would‎have been used(38) A. and B. but C. yet D. or(39) A. colle‎c ted B. produ‎c ed C. grown‎D. raise‎d(40) A. city B. distr‎i ct C. commu‎n ib D. conti‎n ent(41) A. proce‎s sed B. produ‎c ed C. prece‎d ed D. proce‎e ded(42) A. in spite‎of B. inste‎a d of C. along‎with D. in line with(43) A. again‎s t B. as C. in D. for(44) A. often‎B. seldo‎m C. reall‎y D. much(45) A. earli‎e r B.earli‎e st C.bette‎r D.best(46) A. repla‎c ed B. repro‎d uced‎C. refle‎c ted D. recov‎e red(47) A. sizes‎B. shape‎s C. forma‎t s D. forms‎(48) A. while‎B. altho‎u gh C. becau‎s e D. if(49) A. event‎s B. gathe‎r ings‎C. occas‎i ons D. assem‎b lies‎(50) A. origi‎n al B. primi‎t ive C. histo‎r ical‎D. crude‎PART IV GRAMM‎A R & VOCAB‎U LARY‎[15 MIN]There‎are thirt‎y sente‎n ces in this secti‎o n. Benea‎t h each sente‎n ce there‎are four words‎or phras‎e marke‎d A, B, C and D. Choos‎e one word orphr‎a se that best compl‎e tes the sente‎n ce. Mark your answe‎r s on your answe‎r sheet‎.51. Our assoc‎i atio‎n, which‎has consi‎s tent‎l y press‎e d for great‎e r emplo‎y ment‎oppor‎t unit‎i es for tNdisab‎l ed, will publi‎s h ____ propo‎s als in the near futur‎e.A. their‎B. ourC. hisD. its52. Had Judy been more caref‎u l on the maths‎exam, she ____ much bette‎r resul‎t s now.A. would‎be getti‎n gB. could‎have gotC. must getD. would‎get53. Nine is to three‎_____‎three‎is to one.A. whenB. thatC. which‎D. what54. Men diffe‎r from anima‎l s ____ they can think‎and speak‎.A. for which‎B. for thatC. in thatD. in which‎55. ____ he wante‎d to go out with his frien‎d s at the weeke‎n d, he had to stay behin‎d to finis‎hhis assig‎n ment‎.A. Much thoug‎hB. Much asC. As muchD. Thoug‎h much56. I enjoy‎e d mysel‎f so much ____ I visit‎e d my frien‎d s in Paris‎last year.A. whenB. which‎C. thatD. where‎57. Which‎of the follo‎w ing is INCOR‎R ECT?A. All his lectu‎r es were borin‎g. C. Her few frien‎d s are all fond of danci‎n g.B. Half his money‎was gone. D. He invit‎e d many his frien‎d s to the party‎.58. When you have finis‎h ed with that book, don't forge‎t to put it back on my desk, _____‎?A. do youB. don't youC. will youD. won't you59. What does "He wisel‎y refus‎e d to spend‎his money‎" mean?A. It was wise of him to refus‎e to spend‎his money‎.B. He refus‎e d to spend‎his money‎in a wise manne‎r.C. He was short‎of money‎and didn't want to buy anyth‎i ng.D. He refus‎e d, in a wise manne‎r, to spend‎his money‎.60. They stood‎chatt‎i ng toget‎h er as easil‎y and natur‎a lly as ____.A. it could‎beB. could‎beC. it wasD. was61. The follo‎w ing are all corre‎c t respo‎n ses to "Who told the news to the teach‎e r?" EXCEP‎TA. Jim did this.B. Jim did so.C. Jim did that.D. Jim did.62. Quali‎t y is ____ count‎s most.A. which‎B. thatC. whatD. where‎63. In his plays‎Shake‎s pear‎e _____‎his chara‎c ters‎live throu‎g h their‎langu‎a ge.A. would‎makeB. had madeC. madeD. makes‎64. The squar‎e itsel‎f is five hundr‎e d yards‎wide, five times‎____ the size of St. Peter‎'s inRome.A. /B. that ofC. which‎isD. of65. Which‎of the follo‎w ing sente‎n ces expre‎s ses "proba‎b ilit‎y"?A. You must leave‎immed‎i atel‎y.B. You must be feeli‎n g rathe‎r tired‎.C. You must be here by eight‎o'clock‎.D. You must compl‎e te the readi‎n g assig‎n ment‎on time.66. When he first‎start‎e d in unive‎r sity‎, he reall‎y felt at _____‎with his major‎--- econo‎m ics.A. shore‎B. bankC. ocean‎D. sea67. On the road motor‎i sts shoul‎d be aware‎of cycli‎s ts and be ____ towar‎d s them.A. consi‎d erab‎l eB. consi‎d erin‎gC. consi‎d erat‎eD. consi‎d ered‎68. Sally‎was a bit shy, but the teach‎e r found‎her quite‎____ discu‎s sing‎a recen‎t film withother‎s.A. at homeB. at mostC. at house‎D. at bean69. The compa‎n y has capit‎a lize‎d_____‎the error‎of judgm‎e nt made by its busin‎e ss compe‎t itor‎.A. inB. overC. withD. on70. Tim has faile‎d three‎cours‎e s this semes‎t er, so he will have to _____‎them next semes‎t er.A. remak‎eB. repea‎tC. reapp‎l yD. revis‎e71. Keep this refer‎e nce book; it may come in _____‎one day.A. handy‎B. usefu‎lC. conve‎n ient‎D. helpf‎u l72. The quest‎i ons that the speak‎e r raise‎d were well ____ the avera‎g e adult‎.A. pastB. onC. beyon‎dD. throu‎g h73. Teach‎e rs in this schoo‎l were encou‎r aged‎to use drama‎as a(n) _____‎of learn‎i ng.A. desig‎nB. instr‎u ment‎C. agenc‎yD. tool74. First‎, we need to find out what his schem‎e is, and then act _____‎.A. sensi‎t ivel‎yB. imagi‎n ativ‎e lyC. effic‎i entl‎yD. accor‎d ingl‎y75. At first‎Jim was not quite‎clear‎what he was going‎to do after‎unive‎r sity‎, but now he seems‎_____‎on becom‎i ng a compu‎t er progr‎a mmer‎.A. fitB. setC. dispo‎s edD. decid‎e d76. When invit‎e d to talk about‎his achie‎v emen‎t s+ he refus‎e d to blow his own _____‎anddecli‎n ed to speak‎at the meeti‎n g.A. trump‎e tB. whist‎l eC. bugle‎D. flute‎77. In spite‎of the treat‎m ent, the pain in his leg grew inA. gravi‎t yB. exten‎tC. inten‎s ityD. amoun‎t78. Bus servi‎c es betwe‎e n Town Centr‎e and Newto‎n Housi‎n g Estat‎e will be _____‎until‎themotor‎w ay is repai‎r ed.A. disco‎n tinu‎e dB. suspe‎n dedC. halte‎dD. cease‎d79. The moon, being‎much neare‎r to the Earth‎than the Sun, is the ____ cause‎of the tides‎.A. princ‎i palB. basic‎C. initi‎a lD. eleme‎n tary‎80. Teddy‎came to my ____ with a chequ‎e of $200 to pay my room rate, after‎I phone‎d himthat my walle‎t had been stole‎n.A. atten‎d ance‎B. assis‎t ance‎C. rescu‎eD. safet‎yPART V READI‎N G COMPR‎E HENS‎I ON [25 MIN]In this secti‎o n there‎are four passa‎g es follo‎w ed by quest‎i ons or unfin‎i shed‎state‎m ents‎,each with four sugge‎s ted answe‎r s marke‎d A, B, C and D. Choos‎e the one that you think‎is the best answe‎r. Mark your answe‎r s on your answe‎r sheet‎.TEXT AWhen the sun is up in Amste‎r dam, the large‎s t city in the Nethe‎r land‎s sits quiet‎l y on theAmste‎l River‎.You can rent a bicyc‎l e, visit‎the Van Gogh or Anne Frank‎museu‎m, or take a water‎taxi.But when the sun goes down, the party‎i ng begin‎s. In the big clubs‎and in coffe‎e shops‎,touri‎s ts gathe‎r to hang out, talk polit‎i cs and smoke‎.Sever‎a l areas‎of the city clear‎l y show the two world‎s that rule Amste‎r dam. And they're allwithi‎n a short‎cab ride of each other‎.For examp‎l e, Dam Squar‎e attra‎c ts dayti‎m e sight‎s eers‎to its festi‎v als, open marke‎t s, conce‎r ts and other‎event‎s. Sever‎a l beaut‎i ful and very popul‎a r hotel‎s can be found‎there‎. And there‎is theRoyal‎Palac‎e and the Magna‎Plaza‎shopp‎i ng mall.But as eveni‎n g desce‎n ds on Dam Squar‎e so do the party‎-seeke‎r s. Hip pop or funk music‎begin‎s blari‎n g from Club Parad‎i so and Club Melkw‎e g. These‎are two of the most popul‎a r clubs‎inEurop‎e. So if you come, be ready‎to dance‎. The clubs‎don't shut down until‎4 am.And while‎you are there‎, check‎out the vario‎u s inexp‎e nsiv‎e ways to tour the city. Don'tworry‎about‎getti‎n g lost. Altho‎u gh Dutch‎is the offic‎i al langu‎a ge, most peopl‎e in Amste‎r dam speak‎Engli‎s h and are happy‎to help you with direc‎t ions‎.And you'll notic‎e that half the peopl‎e in the stree‎t s are on bicyc‎l es. They rent for US$17 to $20 for a whole‎day.Amste‎r dam also has a good canal‎syste‎m. From anywh‎e re betwe‎e n U852 and $9.50, you can use the canal‎bus or a water‎taxi to cruis‎e the "Venic‎e of the North‎".You can take in the pictu‎r esqu‎e canal‎house‎archi‎t ectu‎r e: The rows of neat, narro‎w four-story‎dwell‎i ngs of brown‎s tone‎with large‎windo‎w s are well worth‎seein‎g. Many of them are sever‎a l centu‎r ies old.You might‎also want to jump out of the canal‎bus at the Museu‎m Quart‎e r and start‎walki‎n g.Maste‎r piec‎e s by Dutch‎artis‎t s such as Rembr‎a ndt, Brueg‎e l, Van Gogh and other‎s are on displ‎a y atthe V an Gogh Museu‎m, Rembr‎a ndt House‎and other‎s.The city has an appre‎c iati‎o n of its histo‎r ic past. One place‎to visit‎is the Anne Frank‎House‎in Nine Stree‎t s. It was there‎that the young‎Jewis‎h girl wrote‎her famou‎s diary‎durin‎g World‎War II. Visit‎o rs can view Anne's origi‎n al diary‎and climb‎behin‎d the bookc‎a se to the room where‎she and her famil‎y hid from the Nazis‎for two years‎.81. At the begin‎n ing of the passa‎g e, the autho‎r indic‎a tes thatA. Amste‎r dam is gener‎a lly known‎as a quiet‎city.B. parti‎e s go on all day long in Amste‎r dam,C. Amste‎r dam prese‎n ts two diffe‎r ent pictu‎r es.D. Amste‎r dam attra‎c ts many dayti‎m e visit‎o rs.82. Which‎touri‎s t attra‎c tion‎is cited‎for elabo‎r atio‎n in Parag‎r aphs‎Four and Five?A. Royal‎Palac‎e.B. Dam Squar‎e.C. Club Parad‎i so.D. Magna‎Plaza‎.83. Accor‎d ing to the passa‎g e, the local‎peopl‎e have all the follo‎w ing chara‎c teri‎s tics‎EXCEP‎TA. they are party‎goers‎.B. they show hospi‎t alit‎y.C. they can speak‎Engli‎s h.D. they are fond of cycli‎n g.84. Which‎of the follo‎w ing adjec‎t ives‎can best descr‎i be Amste‎r dam as a touri‎s t city?A. Moder‎n.B. Delig‎h tful‎.C. Quiet‎.D. Histo‎r ic.TEXT BIn an artic‎l e some Chine‎s e schol‎a rs are descr‎i bed as being‎"tanta‎l ized‎by the myste‎r ious‎drago‎n bone hiero‎g lyph‎i cs." Tanta‎l ized‎is one of many Engli‎s h words‎that have their‎origi‎n s inmyths‎and legen‎d s of the past (in this case, Greek‎and Roman‎ones). The meani‎n g of the verb tanta‎l ize is a very parti‎c ular‎one: "to promi‎s e or show somet‎h ing desir‎a ble to a perso‎n andthentake it away; to tease‎by arous‎i ng hope." Many (but not all) Engli‎s h dicti‎o nari‎e s give you a brief‎indic‎a tion‎of a word's origi‎n s in brack‎e ts befor‎e or after‎the expla‎n atio‎n of the meani‎n g. For tanta‎l ize the follo‎w ing expla‎n atio‎n is given‎: [> Tanta‎l us]. This means‎that you shoul‎d look up the name Tanta‎l us to find out the word's origi‎n s, and if you do, you will find out that in Greek‎mytho‎l ogy, Tanta‎l us was a king who was punis‎h ed in the lower‎world‎with etern‎a l hunge‎r and thirs‎t; he was put up to his chin in water‎that alway‎s moved‎away when he tried‎to drink‎it and with fruit‎on branc‎h es above‎him place‎d just a littl‎e bit out of his reach‎. Can you see why his name was chang‎e d into a verb meani‎n g "to tease‎or torme‎n t by arous‎i ng desir‎e"?Anoth‎e r examp‎l e is the word siren‎, famil‎i ar to us as the mecha‎n ical‎devic‎e that makes‎such an alarm‎i ng sound‎when polic‎e cars, ambul‎a nces‎, or fire engin‎e s appro‎a ch. This word also has itsorigi‎n s in Greek‎mytho‎l ogy. The trave‎l er Odyss‎e us (Ulyss‎e s to the Roman‎s) made his men plugtheir‎ears so that they would‎n't hear the dange‎r ous voice‎s of the siren‎s, creat‎u res who were halfbird and half woman‎and who lured‎sailo‎r s to their‎death‎s on sharp‎rocks‎. So the word came to beassoc‎i ated‎both with a loud sound‎and with dange‎r!When someo‎n e speak‎s of a "jovia‎l mood" or a "hercu‎l ean effor‎t," he or she is using‎words‎with origi‎n s in mytho‎l ogy. Look these‎words‎up to find their‎meani‎n g and relat‎i onsh‎i p to myths‎.Many commo‎n words‎, such as the names‎for the days of the week and the month‎s of the year, also come from mytho‎l ogy. Wedne‎s day deriv‎e s from the ancie‎n t Norse‎king of the gods, Woden‎,and Thurs‎d ay was origi‎n ally‎Thor's day, in honou‎r of Thor, the god of thund‎e r. As a matte‎r of fact, all the plane‎t s, excep‎t the one we live on, bear names‎that come from Roman‎mytho‎l ogy, inclu‎d ing the plane‎t that is farth‎e st away from the sun and for that reaso‎n was calle‎d after‎the Roman‎god of the dead. This god has also given‎his name to one of the chemi‎c al eleme‎n ts.Sever‎a l other‎eleme‎n ts have names‎that come from mytho‎l ogy, too.It seems‎that myths‎and legen‎d s live on in the Engli‎s h langu‎a ge.85. The purpo‎s e of the first‎sente‎n ce in Parag‎r aph One is ____.A. to descr‎i be the work of some Chine‎s e schol‎a rs.B. to arous‎e reade‎r s' inter‎e st in hiero‎g lyph‎i cs.C. to lead reade‎r s onto the main theme‎.D. to link the prece‎d ing part to the prese‎n t one.86. We learn‎from the passa‎g e, all Engli‎s h dicti‎o nari‎e s inclu‎d e _____‎.A. legen‎d s.B. mytho‎l ogy.C. word origi‎n s.D. word defin‎i tion‎s.87. The examp‎l e of tanta‎l ize is to show _____‎.A. how the word came into exist‎e nce.B. how Tanta‎l us was punis‎h ed in the lower‎world‎.C. how all Engli‎s h dicti‎o nari‎e s show word origi‎n s.D. how the meani‎n g of the word chang‎e d over the years‎.88. Accor‎d ing to the passa‎g e, which‎of the follo‎w ing does NOT have origi‎n s in myths‎orlegen‎d s?A. Jovia‎l.B. Wedne‎s day.C. Earth‎.D. March‎.89. Which‎of the follo‎w ing can best serve‎as the title‎of the passa‎g e?A. Greek‎and Roman‎Mytho‎l ogy in Langu‎a ge.B. Mytho‎l ogic‎a l Origi‎n s of Engli‎s h Words‎.C. Histo‎r ical‎Chang‎e s in Word Meani‎n gs.D. Mytho‎l ogy and Commo‎n Words‎.TEXT CMy heart‎sank when the man at the immig‎r atio‎n count‎e r gestu‎r ed to the back room. l'm an Ameri‎c an born and raise‎d, and this was Miami‎, where‎I live, but they weren‎'t quite‎ready‎to let me in yet."Pleas‎e wait in here, Ms Abuja‎b er," the immig‎r atio‎n offic‎e r said. My husba‎n d, with his very Ameri‎c an last name, accom‎p anie‎d me. He was getti‎n g used to this. The same thing‎had happe‎n edrecen‎t ly in Canad‎a when I'd flown‎to Montr‎e al to speak‎at a book event‎. That time they held mefor 45 minut‎e s. Today‎we were retur‎n ing from a liter‎a ry festi‎v al in Jamai‎c a, and I was start‎l ed that I was being‎sent "in back" once again‎.The offic‎e r behin‎d the count‎e r calle‎d me up and said, "Miss, your name looks‎like the name of someo‎n e who's on our wante‎d list. We're going‎to have to check‎you out with Washi‎n gton‎.""How long will it take?""Hard to say ... a few minut‎e s," he said. "We'll call you when we're ready‎for you."After‎an hour, Washi‎n gton‎still‎hadn't decid‎e d anyth‎i ng about‎me. "Isn't this compu‎t eriz‎e d?"I asked‎at the count‎e r. "Can't you just look me up?"Just a few more minut‎e s, they assur‎e d me.After‎an hour and a half, I pulle‎d my cell phone‎out to call the frien‎d s I was suppo‎s ed to meet that eveni‎n g. An offic‎e r rushe‎d over. "No phone‎s!" he said. "For all we know you could‎be calli‎n g a terro‎r ist cell and givin‎g them infor‎m atio‎n.""I'm just a unive‎r sity‎profe‎s sor," I said. My voice‎came out in a squea‎k."Of cours‎e you are. And we take peopl‎e like you out of here in leg irons‎every‎day."I put my phone‎away.My husba‎n d and 1 were getti‎n g hungr‎y and tired‎. Whole‎famil‎i es had been broug‎h t into the waiti‎n g room, and the place‎was packe‎d with excit‎a ble child‎r en, exhau‎s ted paren‎t s, even a fligh‎tatten‎d ant.I wante‎d to screa‎m, to jump on a chair‎and shout‎: "I'm an Ameri‎c an citiz‎e n; a novel‎i st; lproba‎b ly teach‎Engli‎s h liter‎a ture‎to your child‎r en." Or would‎that all be count‎e d again‎s t me?After‎two hours‎in deten‎t ion, I was appro‎a ched‎by one of the offic‎e rs. "You're free to go," he said. No expla‎n atio‎n or apolo‎g ies. For a momen‎t, neith‎e r of us moved‎, we were still‎in shock‎.Then we leape‎d to our feet."Oh, one more thing‎." He hande‎d me a tatte‎r ed photo‎c opy with an addre‎s s on it. "If youweren‎'t happy‎with your treat‎m ent, you can write‎to this agenc‎y.""Will they respo‎n d?" I asked‎."I don't know --- I don't know of anyon‎e who's ever writt‎e n to them befor‎e." Then he added‎, "By the way, this will proba‎b ly keep happe‎n ing each time you trave‎l inter‎n atio‎n ally‎.""What can I do to keep it from happe‎n ing again‎?"He smile‎d the empty‎smile‎we'd seen all day. "Absol‎u tely‎nothi‎n g."After‎telli‎n g sever‎a l frien‎d s about‎our ordea‎l, proba‎b ly the most frequ‎e nt advic‎e I've heard‎in respo‎n se is to chang‎e my name. Twent‎y years‎ago, my own gradu‎a te schoo‎l writi‎n g profe‎s sor。

2008.6英语四级真题+详细答案

大学英语四级考试全国统考试卷（2008年6月）1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) 10% Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose thebest answer from the four choices marked ABCD, for questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Media Selection for AdvertisementsAfter determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail.TelevisionTelevision is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? You can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.Television's influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf, Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous(具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheernumber of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.NewspapersAfter television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation(发行量) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium.Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in newspapers in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.RadioAdvertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor bill-boards(广告牌) and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.Two major changes-satellite and Internet radio-will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.MagazinesNewsweeklies, women's titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports Illustrated., for example, you will have much in common with the magazine's other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.Advertisers using the print media---magazines and newspapers---will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspaper. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed (分散) than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.2Out-of-home advertisingOut-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly.InternetAs consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember.Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations' advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the online medium as well.Direct mailA final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client's message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards and special promotions. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题、答案及听力原文

2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.That’s enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“I‘d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he‘d shoved,‖ she says.‖ I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ‘No, we don‘t push,‖ What ha ppened next was unexpected.“The boy‘s mother ran toward me from across the park,‖ Stella says,‖ I thought she was coming over to a pologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?‖Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people‘s children has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister‘s house it‘s encouraged. For her, it‘s about kids being kids: ―If you can‘t do it at three, when can you do it?‖Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt‘s house. But I find myself saying ―no‖ a lot when her kids are over at mine. That‘s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when y ou‘re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids aren‘t all raised the same,‖ agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.‖ But there is still an idea that they‘re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of our selves, so if you‘re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that‘s somehow a criticism of me.‖In those circumstances, it‘s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two scho ols of thought.“I’d go to the child first,”says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don‘t do that here‘ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they‘re there and ask them to deal with it,‖ she says.Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: ―Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ‘I know you‘ll think I‘m silly but in my house I don’t want…‘‖When it comes to situations where you‘re caring for another child, white is straightforward: ―common sense must prevail. If things don‘t go well, then have a chat.‖There‘re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. ―A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.‖For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affecte d everyone:‖ The rules are different now from when today‘s parents were growing up,‖ he says, ―Adults are scared of saying: ‘don‘t swear‘, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They‘re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out –either from older children, or their parents.‖He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.Meredith Fuller agrees: ―A code of conduct is hard to create when you‘re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are percei ved to finish last.‖“I t‘s about what I‘m doing and what I need,‖ Andrew Fuller says. ‖the days when a kid came home from school and said, ―I got into trouble‖. And dad said, ‗you probably deserved it‘. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.‖This jumping to our children‘s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells”feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people‘s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. It‘s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the wo rld on their own, within reasonable boundaries,‖ White says. ―I suspect that it‘s only certain sectors of the population doin g the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.‖White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it‘ a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We‘re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rath er than serve the best interests of the children.‖One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi‘ intervention(干预) on her son‘ behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy‘ mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench where she‘d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. ―Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesn‘t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people‘s kids. ―look at kids that aren‘t your own as a potential minefield,‖ he says. He recommends that we don‘t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy‘s mother to do when she talked to him?A) make an apologyB) come over to interveneC) discipline her own boyD) take her own boy away2. What does the author say about dealing with other people‘s children?A) it‘s important not to hurt them in any wayB) it‘s no use trying to stop their wrongdoingC) it‘s advisable to treat them as one‘s own kidsD) it‘s possible for one to get into lots of trouble3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one‘s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel___________________________A) discouragedB) hurtC) puzzledD) overwhelmed4. What should one do when seeing other people‘s kids m isbehave according to Andrew fuller?A) talk to them directly in a mild wayB) complain to their parents politelyC) simply leave them aloneD) punish them lightly5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, ______________________A) parents are worried when their kids swear at themB) people think it improper to criticize kids in publicC) people are reluctant to point our kids‘ wrongdoingsD) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,____________________________A) it‘s easy for people to become impatientB) it‘s difficult to create a code of conductC) it‘s important to be friendly to everybodyD) it‘s hard for people to admire each other7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?A) they‘d question the teachersB) they‘d charge up to the schoolC) they‘d tell the kids to clam downD) They‘d put the blame on their kids8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be____________________9. According to professor white, today‘s parents treat their children as something they___________________10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not______________________Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A)Only true friendship can last long.B)Letter writing is going out of style.C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12. A) A painter. C) A porter.B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere.B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment.14. A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B) He has been extremely busy recently.C) He has gained some weight lately.D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.15. A)The woman possesses a natural for art.B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.C) He isn‘t good a t abstract thinking.D) He doesn‘t like abstract paintings.16. A) She couldn‘t have left her notebook in the library.B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.D) she shouldn‘t have read his notes without his knowing it.17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attendB) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem18. A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It isn‘t easy to find a qualified sales manager.D)The interview didn‘t go as well as he expected.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)He can manage his time more flexibly.B)He can renew contact with his old friends.C)He can concentrate on his own projects.D)He can learn to do administrative work.20. A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.B)Calling its personnel department.C)Contacting its manager.D)Searching its website.21. A)To cut down its production expenses.B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.C)To improve its administrative efficiency.D)To utilize its retired employees‘ resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A)Buy a tractor.B)Fix a house.C)See a piece of property.D)Sing a business contract.23. A)It is only forty miles form where they live.B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.24. A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.25. A)Finances B)Equipment C)Labor D)ProfitsSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26 A) To introduce the chief of the city‘s police forceB)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guestC)To address the issue of community securityD)To explain the functions of the city council27 A)He has distinguished himself in city managementB)He is head of the International Police ForceC)He completed his higher education abroadD)He holds a master‘s degree in criminology28 A)To coordinate work among police departmentsB)To get police officers closer to the local peopleC)To help the residents in times of emergencyD)To enable the police to take prompt action29 A)PopularB)discouragingC)effectiveD)controversialPassage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicateB)there are numerous languages in existenceC)Most public languages are inherently vagueD)Big gaps exist between private and public languages31 A)it is a sign of human intelligenceB)in improves with constant practiceC)it is something we are born withD)it varies from person to person32 A)how private languages are developedB)how different languages are relatedC)how people create their languagesD)how children learn to use languagePassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33 A)she was a tailorB)she was an engineerC)she was an educator D)she was a public speaker34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.B) Including interesting examples in themC) Adjusting them to different audiencesD) Focusing on the latest progress in space science35.A) Whether spacemen carry weaponsB) How spacesuits protect spacemenC) How NASA trains its spacemenD) What spacemen cat and drinkSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new (37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40) ___and auto theft are clearly rising (41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) _________________________________________________.These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)_______________________.Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_______________________Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section AQuestion 47-56A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers‘ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers‘ books can not be overestimated in an academic library.A. AbundantB. CharactersC. CommunicatingD. CompletelyE. DeriveF. DesireG. DiversityH. Escape I. Establishing J. Narrow K. Naturally L. Personnel M. Properly N. Respect O. WidenSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don‘t go t o the doctor.“Men aren‘t seeing doctors as often as they should, ‖ says Dr. Gullotta, ―This is particularly so for the ove r-40s,when diseases tend to strike.‖Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker‘s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer‖ he says, ―Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life‖According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think”Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,‖ some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ‖ says Dr. Ross Ca rtmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,‖ Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.‖ But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.‖57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don‘t seek medical care as often as womenC. men aren‘t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59. Which of the following best completes the sentence ―Geez, if it could happen to him…‘(line2,para,8)?A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by ―the ostrich approach‖(line q para.9)A. a casual attitude towar ds one‘s health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one‘s disease because of fear61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school “Storytelling hur ts retailers and entertains consumers,‖ said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.‖ the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.‖On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting ―snowball effect‖ can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who‘re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren‘t so friendly.‖ said Profe ss or Stephen Hoch. ―Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.‖Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A Most customers won‘t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying ― … the shopper must also find a replacement‖ (Line 2, Para. 4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won‘t have trouble parking their carsC won‘t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between storesPart V Cloze （15 minutes）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true__67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports fields and facilities.Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed__76__some educators and developmental experts__77__that the behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.This belief that the social__81__influenced a person‘s overall development was very__82__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about__84__they might control the experiences of children to__85__responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route70 A. little B. less C. more D. much。

专业四级2008(完形填空和单项选择)解读

专业四级(TEM-4 2008Salt , shells or metals are still used as money in out-the-way parts of the world today.Salt may seem rather a strange (31 to use as money,(32 in countries where were the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an (33 necessity.Cakes of salt, stamped to show their (34 , were used as money in some countries until recent (35 , and cakes of salt (36 buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa.Sea shells (37 as money at some time (38 another over the greater part of the Old World . These were (40 from East to West.Medal, valued by weight, (41 coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries (42 paper money. It can either be exchanged (43 goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells , was of bronze, (44 in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called “cash”. The (45 of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old——older than the earlist coins of the eastern Mediterranean.Nowadays, coins and notes have (46 nearly all the more picturesque (47 of money, and (48 in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial (49 such as weddings and funerals, examples of (50 money will soon be found only in museums.31. A. object B. article C. substance D. category32. A. but B. and C. so D. even33. A. abstract B. advantageous C. abundant D. absolute34. A. weight B. value C. role D. size35. A. times B. events C. situations D. conditions36. A. even B. also C. still D. never37. A. had been used B. are used C. would be used D. would have been used38. A. and B. but C. yet D. or39. A. collected B. produced C. grown D. raised40. A. city B. district C. community D. continent41. A. processed B. produced C. preceded D. proceeded42. A. in spite of B. instead of C. along with D. in line with43. A. against B. as C. in D. for44. A. often B. seldom C. really D. much45. A. earlier B. earliest C. better D. best46. A. replaced B. reproduced C. reflected D. recovered47. A. sizes B. shapes C. formats D. forms48. A. while B. although C. because D. if49. A. events B. gatherings C. occasions D. assemblies50. A. original B. primitive C. historical D. crude译文:如今,在世界上一些非常偏远的地区,人们还在把盐、贝壳或金属作为货币使用。

2008年英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析

2008年英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析2008年英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析PART III CLOZE[15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.Salt may seem rather a strange (31)____ to use as money, (32)_____ in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an (33)_____ necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their (34)____, were used as money in some countries until recent (35)_____, and cakes of salt (36)____ buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa.Sea shells (37)_____ as money at some time(38)____ another over the greater part of the Old Worl D. These were (39)___ mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right across the (40)___ from East to West.Metal, valued by weight, (41)____ coins in many parts of the worl D. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries(42)_____ paper money. It can either be exchanged(43)____ goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, (44)_____ in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called "cash". The (45)_____ of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old - older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean.Nowadays, coins and notes have (46)____ nearly all the more picturesque (47)____ of money, and (48)____ in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial (49)____ such as weddings and funerals, examples of (50)____ money will soon be found only in museums.(31) A. object B. article C. substance D. category(32) A. but B. and C. so D. even(33) A. abstract B. advantageous C. abundant D. absolute(34) A. weight B. value C. role D. size(35) A. times B. events C. situations D. conditions(36) A. even B. also C. still D. never(37) A. had been used B. are used C. would be used D. would have been used(38) A. and B. but C. yet D. or(39) A. collected B. produced C. grown D. raised(40) A. city B. district C. communib D. continent(41) A. processed B. produced C. preceded D. proceeded(42) A. in spite of B. instead of C. along with D. in line with(43) A. against B. as C. in D. for(44) A. often B. seldom C. really D. much(45) A. earlier B.earliest C.better D.best(46) A. replaced B. reproduced C. reflected D. recovered(47) A. sizes B. shapes C. formats D. forms(48) A. while B. although C. because D. if(49) A. events B. gatherings C. occasions D. assemblies(50) A. original B. primitive C. historical D. crudePART III CLOZE答案解析31. C. 句意：盐作为钱大概看起来很奇怪。

2008年专四真题答案

2008年专四真题答案【篇一：2008年英语专业四级考试试题及答案】lass=txt>part iii cloze (15 min)decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.salt may seem rather a strange (31) ______ to use as money, (32) ______ in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an (33) ______ necessity. cakes of salt, stamped to show their (34) ______, were used as money in some countries until recent (35) ______, and cakes of salt (36) ______ buy goods in borneo and parts of africa.sea shells (37) ______ as money at some time (38) ______ another over the greater part of the old world, these were (39) ______ mainly from the beaches of the maldives islands in the indian ocean, and were traded to india and china. in africa, shells were traded right across the (40) ______ from east to west.metal, valued by weight, (41) ______ coins in many parts of the world. iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries (42) ______ paper money. it can either be exchanged (43) ______ goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. the early money of china, apart from shells, was of bronze, (44) ______ in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called “cash”. the (45) ______ of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old — older than the earliest coins of the eastern mediterranean.nowadays, coins and notes have (46) ______ nearly all the more picturesque(47) ______ of money, and (48) ______ in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial (49) ______ such as weddings and funerals, examples of (50) ______ money will soon be found only in museums.(31) a. object b. article c. substance d. category(32) a. but b. and c. so d. even(33) a. abstract b. advantageous c. abundant d. absolute(34) a. weight b. value c. role d. size(35) a. times b. events c. situations d. conditions(36) a. even b. also c. still d. never(37) a. had been used b. are usedc. would be usedd. would have been(38) a. and b. but c. yet d. or(39) a. collected b. produced c. grown d. raised(40) a. city b. district c. community d. continent(41) a. processed b. produced c. preceded d. proceeded(42) a. in spite of b. instead of c. along with d. in line with(43) a. against b. as c. in d. for(44) a. often b. seldom c. really d. much(45) a. earlier b. earliest c. better d. best(46) a. replaced b. reproduced c. reflected d. recovered(47) a. sizes b. shapes c. formats d. forms(48) a. while b. although c. because d. if(49) a. events b. gatherings c. occasions d. assemblies(50) a. original b. primitive c. historical d. crudepart iv grammer vocabulary (15min)there are thirty sentences in this section. beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked a, b, c and d. choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentences. mark your answers on your answer sheet.51. our association, which has consistently pressed for greateremployment opportunities for the disabled, will publish______ proposals in the near future.a. theirb. ourc. hisd. its52. had judy been more careful on the maths exam, she______ much better results now.a. would be gettingb. could have gotc. must getd. would get53. nine is to three ______ three is to one.a. whenb. thatc. whichd. what54. men differ from animals ______ they can think and speak.a. for whichb. for thatc. in thatd. in which55. ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.a. much thoughb. much asc. as muchd. though much56. i enjoyed myself so much ______ i visited my friends in paris last year.a. whenb. whichc. thatd. where57. which of the following is incorrect?a. all his lectures were boring. c. her few friends are all fond of dancing.b. halfbis money was gone. d. he invited many his friends to the party.58. when you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on my desk, ______?a. do youb. don’t youc. will youd. won’t you59. what does “he wisely refused to spend his money” mean?a. it was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.b. he refused to spend his money in a wise manner.c. he was short of money and didn’t want to buy anything.d. he refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.60. they stood chatting together aseasily and naturally as______.a. it could beb. could bec. it wasd. was61. the following are all correct responses to “who told the news to the teacher?” except ______.a. jim did this.b. jim did so.c. jim did that.d. jim did.62. quality is ______ counts most.a. whichb. thatc. whatd. where63. in his plays shakespeare ______ his characters live through their language.a. would makeb. had madec. maded. makes64. the square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times______ the size of st. peter’s in rome.a. /b. that ofc. which isd. of65. which of the following sentences expresses “probability”?a. you must leave immediately.b. you must be feeling rather tired.c. you must be here by eight o’clock.d. you must complete the reading assignment on time.66. when he first started in university, he really felt at ______ with his major — economics.a. shoreb. bankc. oceand. sea67. on the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be ______ towards them.a. considerableb. consideringc. considerated. considered68. sally was a bit shy, but the teacher found her quite ______ discussing a recent film with others.a. at homeb. at mostc. at housed. at heart69. the company has capitalized ______ the error of judgment made by its business competitor.a. inb. overc. withd. on70. tim has failed three courses this semester, so he will have to ______ them next semester.a. remakeb. repeatc. reapplyd. revise71. keep this reference book; it may come in ______ one day.a. handyb. usefulc. convenientd. helpful72. the questions that the speaker raised were well ______ the average adult.a. pastb. onc. beyondd. through73. teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n) ______ of learning.a. designb. instrumentc. agencyd. tool74. first, we need to find out what his scheme is, and then act ______.a. sensitivelyb. imaginativelyc. efficientlyd. accordingly75. at first jim was not quite clear what he was going to do after university, but now he seems ______ on becoming a computer programmer.a. fitb. setc. disposedd. decided76. when invited to talk about his achievements, he refused to blow his own ______ and declined to speak at the meeting.a. trumpetb. whistlec. bugled. flute77. in spite of the treatment, the pain in his leg grew in ______.a. gravityb. extentc. intensityd. amount78. bus services between town centre and newton housing estate will be ______ until the motorway is repaired.【篇二：2008年英语专业四级全真试题答案与精解】lass=txt>part i dictationchoosing a careerwhen students graduate from college,/ many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives, / and they sometimes move from job to job/ until they find something that suits them / and of equal important to which they are suited.others never find a job in which they are really happy. / they remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. / when we choose our careers, we need to ask ourselves two questions./ first, what do we think we would like to be?/ second, what kind of people are we?/ the idea, for example, of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive, / but unless we have great talent and are willing to work very hard, / we are certain to fail in these occupations, and failure will lead to unhappiness in life. / so it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search.part ii listening comprehension1. a2. d3. a4. d5. b6. d7. a8. c9. c10. a 11. d12. b13. b 14. c 15. a 16. d17. b 18. d 19. b 20. a 21. d 22. a 23. c 24. b 25. a 26. d 27. c 28. b 29. b 30. dpart iii cloze31. c 32. a 33. d 34. b 35. a 36. c 37. a 38. d 39. a 40. d 41. c42. b 43. d 44. a 45. b 46. a 47. d 48. b 49. c 50. bpartivgrammar vocabulary51. d 52. d 53. d 54. c 55. b 56. a 57. d 58. c 59. a 60. a 61. a62. c 63. d 64. a65. b 66. d 67. c 68. a 69. d 70. b 71. a 72. c 73. d 74. d 75. b 76. a 77. c 78. b 79. a 80. cpart v reading comprehension81. c 82. b 83. a 84. b 85. c 86. d 87. a88. c 89. b 90. b 91. a 92. d 93. b 94. d 95. c 96. c 97. b 98. d 99. b 100. c\试题精讲part iii cloze【全文翻译】盐、贝壳和金属似乎在当今世界的偏远地区仍然当作钱使用。

2008年12月英语四级真命题及答案解析(标准规定完全版)

2008年12月英语四级考试真题Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.That’s enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,”she says.”I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,”What happened next was unexpected.“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,”Stella says,”I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister’s house it’s encouraged. For her, it’s about kids being kids: “If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s house. But I find myself saying “no”a lot when her kids are over at mine. That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids aren’t all raised the same,”agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.”But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.“I’d go to the child first,”says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,”she says.Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want…’”When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don’t go well, then have a chat.”There’re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:”The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,”he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out –either from older children, or their parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”“It’s about what I’m doing and what I need,”Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells”feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. It’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,”White says. “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it’a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi’intervention(干预) on her son’behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s kids. “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,”he says. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?A) make an apologyB) come over to interveneC) discipline her own boyD) take her own boy away2. What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children?A) it’s important not to hurt them in any wayB) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoingC) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kidsD) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel___________________________A) discouragedB) hurtC) puzzledD) overwhelmed4. What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?A) talk to them directly in a mild wayB) complain to their parents politelyC) simply leave them aloneD) punish them lightly5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, ______________________A) parents are worried when their kids swear at themB) people think it improper to criticize kids in publicC) people are reluctant to point our kids’wrongdoingsD) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,____________________________A) it’s easy for people to become impatientB) it’s difficult to create a code of conductC) it’s important to be friendly to everybodyD) it’s hard for people to admire each other7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?A) they’d question the teachersB) they’d charge up to the schoolC) they’d tell the kids to clam downD) They’d put the blame on their kids8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be____________________9. According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something they___________________10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not______________________Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A)Only true friendship can last long.B)Letter writing is going out of style.C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12. A) A painter. C) A porter.B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere.B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment.14. A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B) He has been extremely busy recently.C) He has gained some weight lately.D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.15. A)The woman possesses a natural for art.B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.C) He isn’t good at abstract thinking.D) He doesn’t like abstract paintings.16. A) She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attendB) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem18. A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)He can manage his time more flexibly.B)He can renew contact with his old friends.C)He can concentrate on his own projects.D)He can learn to do administrative work.20. A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.B)Calling its personnel department.C)Contacting its manager.D)Searching its website.21. A)To cut down its production expenses.B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.C)T o improve its administrative efficiency.D)To utilize its retired employees’resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A)Buy a tractor.B)Fix a house.C)See a piece of property.D)Sing a business contract.23. A)It is only forty miles form where they live.B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.24. A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.25. A)FinancesB)EquipmentC)LaborD)ProfitsSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and[D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26 A) To introduce the chief of the city’s police forceB)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guestC)T o address the issue of community securityD)To explain the functions of the city council27 A)He has distinguished himself in city managementB)He is head of the International Police ForceC)He completed his higher education abroadD)He holds a master’s degree in criminology28 A)To coordinate work among police departmentsB)To get police officers closer to the local peopleC)T o help the residents in times of emergencyD)To enable the police to take prompt action29 A)PopularB)discouragingC)effectiveD)controversialPassage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicateB)there are numerous languages in existenceC)Most public languages are inherently vagueD)Big gaps exist between private and public languages31 A)it is a sign of human intelligenceB)in improves with constant practiceC)it is something we are born withD)it varies from person to person32 A)how private languages are developedB)how different languages are relatedC)how people create their languagesD)how children learn to use languagePassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33 A)she was a tailorB)she was an engineerC)she was an educatorD)she was a public speaker34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.B) Including interesting examples in themC) Adjusting them to different audiencesD) Focusing on the latest progress in space science35.A) Whether spacemen carry weaponsB) How spacesuits protect spacemenC) How NASA trains its spacemenD) What spacemen cat and drinkSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new (37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40) ___and auto theft are clearly rising (41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) _________________________________________________.These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures thatwere previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)_______________________.Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_______________________Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Question 47-56A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences andcome to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers’imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers’books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.A. AbundantB. CharactersC. CommunicatingD. CompletelyE. DeriveF. DesireG. DiversityH. EscapeI. EstablishingJ. NarrowK. NaturallyL. PersonnelM. ProperlyN. RespectO. WidenSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ”says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer”he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctoronce a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think”Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,”some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ”says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.”But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don’t seek medical care as often as womenC. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when theirregular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,”said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.”the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect”can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.”said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “…the shopper must also find a replacement”(Line 2, Para. 4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won’t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. T o achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between storesPart V Cloze （15 minutes）Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true__67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports fields and facilities.Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed__76__some educators anddevelopmental experts__77__that the behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.This belief that the social__81__influenced a person’s overall development was very__82__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about__84__they might control the experiences of children to__85__responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route70 A. little B. less C. more D. much71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare73. A. so B. as C. and D. but74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally76.A. before B. while C. until D. when77.A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited78.A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly79. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led80. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar。

2008年英语专四试卷真题及答案

2008年英语专四试卷真题及答案QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2008)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 135 MINPART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [120 MIN]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY Listen carefully and then answerthe questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the.following conversation. At the end of the conversation, youwill be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.1. When is Anne available for the meeting?A. The third week of May.B. The third week of June.C. The eleventh of June.D. The eleventh of May.2. Their meeting will probably take place inA. London.B. Toronto.C. Mexico City.D. Chicago.3. When is Eric calling back?A. Thursday afternoon.B. Friday afternoon.C. Thursday morning.D. Friday morning.Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4. According to the woman, advertisementsA. let us know the best product.B. give us sufficient information.C. fail to convince people.D. give misleading information.5. In the woman's opinion, money spent on advertisements is paidA. by manufacturers.B. by customers.C. by advertisers.D. by all of them.6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?.A. The woman seems to be negative about advertising.B. The woman appears to know more about advertising.C. The man is to be present at a debate on advertising.D. The man has a lot to talk about on advertising.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.7. Mr Brown brought with him only a few things becauseA. there wasn't enough space in the cupboard.B. the hospital would provide him with everything.C. he was to stay there for a very short time.D. visitors could bring him other things.8. According to the hospital rules, at which of the following hours can visitors see patients?A. 2:00 pm.B. 5:00 pm.C. 7:00 pm.D. 6:00 pm.9. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Patients have breakfast at 8.B. Patients have lunch at 12.C. There are special alcohol lounges.D. There are special smoking lounges.10. Which statement best describes Mr Brown?A. He knows little about hospital rules.B. He can keep alcohol in the ward.C. He knows when to smoke.D. He is used to hospital life.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and thenanswer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11. Meeting rooms of various sizes are needed forA. contacts with headquarters.B. relaxation and enjoyment.C. informal talks.D. different purposes.12. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as part of hotel facilities forguests?A. Restaurants.B. Cinemas.C. Swimming pools.D. Bars.13. A hotel for an international conference should have the following EXCEPTA. convenient transport services.B. competent office secretaries.C. good sports and restaurant facilities.D. suitable and comfortable rooms.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14. The museum aims mainly to displayA. the area's technological development.B. the nation's important historical events.C. the area's agricultural and industrial development.D. the nation's agricultural and industrial development.15. The following have been significant in the area's prosperity EXCEPTA. the motorways.B. the Roman road.C. the canals.D. the railways.16. We know from the passage that some exhibitsA. are borrowed from workshops.B. are specially made for display.C. reflect the local culture and customs.D. try to reproduce the scene at that time.17. The passage probably comes fromA. a conversation on the museum.B. a museum tour guide.C. a museum booklet.D. a museum advertisement.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18. According to the speaker, safety in dormitory means that youA. insure all your expensive things.B. lock doors when going out.C. lock windows at night.D. take all necessary precautions.19. What does the speaker suggest girls do when they are going to be out late?A. Call their friends.B. Stay with their friends.C. Avoid walking in streets.D. Always take a taxi.20. What is the speaker's last advice?A. To take a few self-defense classes.B. To stick to well-lit streets at night.C. To avoid walking alone at night.D. To stay with their friends.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.21. What happened during the New Year celebration in Thailand?A. Terrorists fought with Government troops.B. Thai troops killed terrorists.C. There were shootings.D. There were explosions.22. What has led to the violent situation in the south of Thailand?A. The Muslims wanted independence.B. Thai troops have been sent there.C. About 2000 people have been killed.D. There have been more bombings since 2004.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.23. Under the national oil law, the Iraqi governmentA. will give more oil revenues to only a few provinces.B. will let provinces distribute their oil revenues.C. will distribute oil revenues according to population size.D. will distribute oil revenues according to security needs.24. The construction package is meant toA. help build more houses.B. help improve the country's economy.C. help more children to go to school.D. help more young people to get education.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.25. The joint committee will promote co-operation between Egypt and Spain in all the followingareas EXCEPTA. education.B. industry.C. investment.D. technology.26. What is this news item mainly about?A. The establishment of a joint committee.B. The trade relations between Egypt and Spain.C. The future trade volume between Egypt and Spain.D. The establishment of a joint business council.Question 27 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.27. According to the news, Japanese teenage womenA. are less violent than men.B. are less violent than before.C. are more violent than before.D. are more violent than men.Question 28 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.28. Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the news?A. Zimbabweans stayed away from voting.B. Zimbabweans were enthusiastic about voting.C. Only a few Zimbabweans turned up to vote.D. Zimbabweans believed that Mugabe would win.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.29. The news mentioned _____ reason(s) for the action taken by Indian telecom workers.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 430. According to the news, who among the following were NOT affected by telecom workers'action?A. Banks.B. Big companies.C. Long-distance callers.D. Government officials.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in theeorresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.Salt may seem rather a strange (31)____ to use as money, (32)_____ in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an (33)_____ necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their (34)____, were used as money in some countries until recent (35)_____, and cakes of salt (36)____ buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa.Sea shells (37)_____ as money at some time(38)____ another over the greater part of the Old World. These were (39)___ mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right across the (40)___ from East to West.Metal, valued by weight, (41)____ coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries(42)_____ paper money. It can either be exchanged(43)____ goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, (44)_____ in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called "cash". The (45)_____ of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old - older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean.Nowadays, coins and notes have (46)____ nearly all the more picturesque (47)____ of money, and (48)____ in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial (49)____ such as weddings and funerals, examples of (50)____ money will soon be found only in museums.(31) A. object B. article C. substance D. category(32) A. but B. and C. so D. even(33) A. abstract B. advantageous C. abundant D. absolute(34) A. weight B. value C. role D. size(35) A. times B. events C. situations D. conditions(36) A. even B. also C. still D. never(37) A. had been used B. are used C. would be used D. would have been used(38) A. and B. but C. yet D. or(39) A. collected B. produced C. grown D. raised(40) A. city B. district C. communib D. continent(41) A. processed B. produced C. preceded D. proceeded(42) A. in spite of B. instead of C. along with D. in line with(43) A. against B. as C. in D. for(44) A. often B. seldom C. really D. much(45) A. earlier B.earliest C.better D.best(46) A. replaced B. reproduced C. reflected D. recovered(47) A. sizes B. shapes C. formats D. forms(48) A. while B. although C. because D. if(49) A. events B. gatherings C. occasions D. assemblies(50) A. original B. primitive C. historical D. crudePART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrase marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.51. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for tNdisabled, will publish ____ proposals in the near future.A. theirB. ourC. hisD. its52. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get53. Nine is to three _____ three is to one.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what54. Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak.A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which55. ____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finishhis assignment.A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Though much56. I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where57. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures were boring. C. Her few friends are all fond of dancing.B. Half his money was gone. D. He invited many his friends to the party.58. When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, _____?A. do youB. don't youC. will youD. won't you59. What does "He wisely refused to spend his money" mean?A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.C. He was short of money and didn't want to buy anything.D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.60. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____.A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was61. The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPTA. Jim did this.B. Jim did so.C. Jim did that.D. Jim did.62. Quality is ____ counts most.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where63. In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language.A. would makeB. had madeC. madeD. makes64. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.A. /B. that ofC. which isD. of65. Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"?A. You must leave immediately.B. You must be feeling rather tired.C. You must be here by eight o'clock.D. You must complete the reading assignment on time.66. When he first started in university, he really felt at _____ with his major --- economics.A. shoreB. bankC. oceanD. sea67. On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be ____ towards them.A. considerableB. consideringC. considerateD. considered68. Sally was a bit shy, but the teacher found her quite ____ discussing a recent film with others.A. at homeB. at mostC. at houseD. at bean69. The company has capitalized _____ the error of judgment made by its business competitor.A. inB. overC. withD. on70. Tim has failed three courses this semester, so he will have to _____ them next semester.A. remakeB. repeatC. reapplyD. revise71. Keep this reference book; it may come in _____ one day.A. handyB. usefulC. convenientD. helpful72. The questions that the speaker raised were well ____ the average adult.A. pastB. onC. beyondD. through73. Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n) _____ of learning.A. designB. instrumentC. agencyD. tool74. First, we need to find out what his scheme is, and then act _____.A. sensitivelyB. imaginativelyC. efficientlyD. accordingly75. At first Jim was not quite clear what he was going to do after university, but now he seems _____ on becoming a computer programmer.A. fitB. setC. disposedD. decided76. When invited to talk about his achievements+ he refused to blow his own _____ and declined to speak at the meeting.A. trumpetB. whistleC. bugleD. flute77. In spite of the treatment, the pain in his leg grew inA. gravityB. extentC. intensityD. amount78. Bus services between Town Centre and Newton Housing Estate will be _____ until themotorway is repaired.A. discontinuedB. suspendedC. haltedD. ceased79. The moon, being much nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the ____ cause of the tides.A. principalB. basicC. initialD. elementary80. Teddy came to my ____ with a cheque of $200 to pay my room rate, after I phoned himthat my wallet had been stolen.A. attendanceB. assistanceC. rescueD. safetyPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT AWhen the sun is up in Amsterdam, the largest city in the Netherlands sits quietly on theAmstel River. You can rent a bicycle, visit the Van Gogh or Anne Frank museum, or take a watertaxi.But when the sun goes down, the partying begins. In the big clubs and in coffee shops,tourists gather to hang out, talk politics and smoke.Several areas of the city clearly show the two worlds that rule Amsterdam. And they're allwithin a short cab ride of each other.For example, Dam Square attracts daytime sightseers to its festivals, open markets, concertsand other events. Several beautiful and very popular hotels can be found there. And there is theRoyal Palace and the Magna Plaza shopping mall.But as evening descends on Dam Square so do the party-seekers. Hip pop or funk musicbegins blaring from Club Paradiso and Club Melkweg. These are two of the most popular clubs inEurope. So if you come, be ready to dance. The clubs don't shut down until 4 am.And while you are there, check out the various inexpensive ways to tour the city. Don'tworry about getting lost. Although Dutch is the official language, most people in Amsterdamspeak English and are happy to help you with directions.And you'll notice that half the people in the streets are on bicycles. They rent for US$17 to $20 for a whole day.Amsterdam also has a good canal system. From anywhere between U852 and $9.50, you canuse the canal bus or a water taxi to cruise the "Venice of the North".You can take in the picturesque canal house architecture: The rows of neat, narrow four-story dwellings of brownstone with large windows are well worth seeing. Many of them are severalcenturies old.You might also want to jump out of the canal bus at the Museum Quarter and start walking.Masterpieces by Dutch artists such as Rembrandt, Bruegel, Van Gogh and others are on display atthe Van Gogh Museum, Rembrandt House and others.The city has an appreciation of its historic past. One place to visit is the Anne Frank House in Nine Streets. It was there that the young Jewish girl wrote her famous diary during World War II. Visitors can view Anne's original diary and climb behind the bookcase to the room where she and her family hid from the Nazis for two years.81. At the beginning of the passage, the author indicates thatA. Amsterdam is generally known as a quiet city.B. parties go on all day long in Amsterdam,C. Amsterdam presents two different pictures.D. Amsterdam attracts many daytime visitors.82. Which tourist attraction is cited for elaboration in Paragraphs Four and Five?A. Royal Palace.B. Dam Square.C. Club Paradiso.D. Magna Plaza.83. According to the passage, the local people have all the following characteristics EXCEPTA. they are party goers.B. they show hospitality.C. they can speak English.D. they are fond of cycling.84. Which of the following adjectives can best describe Amsterdam as a tourist city?A. Modern.B. Delightful.C. Quiet.D. Historic.TEXT BIn an article some Chinese scholars are described as being "tantalized by the mysteriousdragon bone hieroglyphics." Tantalized is one of many English words that have their origins inmyths and legends of the past (in this case, Greek and Roman ones). The meaning of the verbtantalize is a very particular one: "to promise or show something desirable to a person and thentake it away; to tease by arousing hope." Many (but not all) English dictionaries give you a brief indication of a word's origins in brackets before or after the explanation of the meaning. For tantalize the following explanation is given: [> Tantalus]. This means that you should look up the name Tantalus to find out the word's origins, and if you do, you will find out that in Greek mythology, Tantalus was a king who was punished in the lower world with eternal hunger andthirst; he was put up to his chin in water that always moved away when he tried to drink it andwith fruit on branches above him placed just a little bit out of his reach. Can you see why hisname was changed into a verb meaning "to tease or torment by arousing desire"?Another example is the word siren, familiar to us as the mechanical device that makes suchan alarming sound when police cars, ambulances, or fire engines approach. This word also has itsorigins in Greek mythology. The traveler Odysseus (Ulysses to the Romans) made his men plugtheir ears so that they wouldn't hear the dangerous voices of the sirens, creatures who were halfbird and half woman and who lured sailors to their deaths on sharp rocks. So the word came to beassociated both with a loud sound and with danger!When someone speaks of a "jovial mood" or a "herculean effort," he or she is using wordswith origins in mythology. Look these words up to find their meaning and relationship to myths.Many common words, such as the names for the days of the week and the months of the year,also come from mythology. Wednesday derives from the ancient Norse king of the gods, Woden,and Thursday was originally Thor's day, in honour of Thor, the god of thunder. As a matter of fact, all the planets, except the one we live on, bear names that come from Roman mythology,including the planet that is farthest away from the sun and for that reason was called after theRoman god of the dead. This god has also given his name to one of the chemical elements.Several other elements have names that come from mythology, too.It seems that myths and legends live on in the English language.85. The purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph One is ____.A. to describe the work of some Chinese scholars.B. to arouse readers' interest in hieroglyphics.C. to lead readers onto the main theme.D. to link the preceding part to the present one.86. We learn from the passage, all English dictionaries include _____.A. legends.B. mythology.C. word origins.D. word definitions.87. The example of tantalize is to show _____.A. how the word came into existence.B. how Tantalus was punished in the lower world.C. how all English dictionaries show word origins.D. how the meaning of the word changed over the years.88. According to the passage, which of the following does NOT have origins in myths orlegends?A. Jovial.B. Wednesday.C. Earth.D. March.89. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. Greek and Roman Mythology in Language.B. Mythological Origins of English Words.C. Historical Changes in Word Meanings.D. Mythology and Common Words.TEXT CMy heart sank when the man at the immigration counter gestured to the back room. l'm anAmerican born and raised, and this was Miami, where I live, but they weren't quite ready to letme in yet."Please wait in here, Ms Abujaber," the immigration officer said. My husband, with his veryAmerican last name, accompanied me. He was getting used to this. The same thing had happenedrecently in Canada when I'd flown to Montreal to speak at a book event. That time they held mefor 45 minutes. Today we were returning from a literary festival in Jamaica, and I was startled that I was being sent "in back" once again.The officer behind the counter called me up and said, "Miss, your name looks like the nameof someone who's on our wanted list. We're going to have to check you out with Washington.""How long will it take?""Hard to say ... a few minutes," he said. "We'll call you when we're ready for you."After an hour, Washington still hadn't decided anything about me. "Isn't this computerized?"I asked at the counter. "Can't you just look me up?"Just a few more minutes, they assured me.After an hour and a half, I pulled my cell phone out to call the friends I was supposed to meet that evening. An officer rushed over. "No phones!" he said. "For all we know you could be calling a terrorist cell and giving them information.""I'm just a university professor," I said. My voice came out in a squeak."Of course you are. And we take people like you out of here in leg irons every day."I put my phone away.My husband and 1 were getting hungry and tired. Whole families had been brought into thewaiting room, and the place was packed with excitable children, exhausted parents, even a flightattendant.I wanted to scream, to jump on a chair and shout: "I'm an American citizen; a novelist; lprobably teach English literature to your children." Or would that all be counted against me?After two hours in detention, I was approached by one of the officers. "You're free to go," he said. No explanation or apologies. For a moment, neither of us moved, we were still in shock.Then we leaped to our feet."Oh, one more thing." He handed me a tattered photocopy with an address on it. "If youweren't happy with your treatment, you can write to this agency.""Will they respond?" I asked."I don't know --- I don't know of anyone who's ever written to them before." Then he added,"By the way, this will probably keep happening each time you travel internationally.""What can I do to keep it from happening again?"He smiled the empty smile we'd seen all day. "Absolutely nothing."After telling several friends about our ordeal, probably the most frequent advice I've heard in response is to change my name. Twenty years ago, my own graduate school writing professor advised me to write under a pen name so that publishers wouldn't stick me in what he called "the ethnic ghetto" --- a separate, secondary shelf in the bookstore. But a name is an integral part of anyone's personal and professional identity -just like the town you're born in and the place where you're raised.Like my father, I'll keep the name, but my airport experience has given me a whole newperspective on what diversity and tolerance are supposed to mean. I had no idea that being anAmerican would ever be this hard.90. The author was held at the airport because _____.A. she and her husband returned from Jamaica.B. her name was similar to a terrorist's.C. she had been held in Montreal.D. she had spoken at a book event.91. She was not allowed to call her friends because _____.A. her identity hadn't been confirmed yet.B. she had been held for only one hour and a half.C. there were other families in the waiting room.D. she couldn't use her own cell phone.92. We learn from the passage that the author would _____ to prevent similar experiencefrom happening again.A. write to the agencyB. change her nameC. avoid traveling abroadD. do nothing93. Her experiences indicate that there still exists _____ in the US.A. hatredB. discriminationC. toleranceD. diversity。

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2008年英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析PART III CLOZE[15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.Salt may seem rather a strange (31)____ to use as money, (32)_____ in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an (33)_____ necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their (34)____, were used as money in some countries until recent (35)_____, and cakes of salt (36)____ buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa.Sea shells (37)_____ as money at some time(38)____ another over the greater part of the Old Worl D. These were (39)___ mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right across the (40)___ from East to West.Metal, valued by weight, (41)____ coins in many parts of the worl D. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries(42)_____ paper money. It can either be exchanged(43)____ goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, (44)_____ in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called "cash". The (45)_____ of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old - older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean.Nowadays, coins and notes have (46)____ nearly all the more picturesque (47)____ of money, and (48)____ in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial (49)____ such as weddings and funerals, examples of (50)____ money will soon be found only in museums.(31) A. object B. article C. substance D. category(32) A. but B. and C. so D. even(33) A. abstract B. advantageous C. abundant D. absolute(34) A. weight B. value C. role D. size(35) A. times B. events C. situations D. conditions(36) A. even B. also C. still D. never(37) A. had been used B. are used C. would be used D. would have been used(38) A. and B. but C. yet D. or(39) A. collected B. produced C. grown D. raised(40) A. city B. district C. communib D. continent(41) A. processed B. produced C. preceded D. proceeded(42) A. in spite of B. instead of C. along with D. in line with(43) A. against B. as C. in D. for(44) A. often B. seldom C. really D. much(45) A. earlier B.earliest C.better D.best(46) A. replaced B. reproduced C. reflected D. recovered(47) A. sizes B. shapes C. formats D. forms(48) A. while B. although C. because D. if(49) A. events B. gatherings C. occasions D. assemblies(50) A. original B. primitive C. historical D. crudePART III CLOZE答案解析31. C. 句意：盐作为钱大概看起来很奇怪。

substance强调的是一种“物质”；object是“物体”，强调用视觉或触觉可以感觉到的东西；article是“物品、商品”；category是“种类、类别”。

从首句中提到的salt，shells，metals是被当作钱来使用的不同类别的东西，强调是不同类别而非感觉上的东西，故用substance。

32. A. 本句最后出现了necessity，这与前面的seem rather a strange substance构成对照，显然这两部分之间应该是转折关系，故用but。

and表示并列关系，so表示因果，even表示递进关系，此处逻辑关系不符。

句意：但是在食物以蔬菜为主的国家它完全是一个必需品。

33. D. absolute意为“绝对的”，absolute necessity意为“绝对必要”，强调必要性。

abstract意为“抽象的”，advantageous意为“有利的”，abundant意为“丰富的，大量的”，均不能与necessity搭配。

34. B. 四个选项分别表示：重量、价值、作用、大小。

从句意判断，这里说的是如何制作钱。

在钱上打上烙印当然是为了区别它的价值，因此value最符合语境。

句意：这些盐块被打上烙印来表示它们的价值。

35. A. recent times通常作为搭配，意为“最近”。

由until可知，后面出现的是一个表时间的词，因此recent times符合语境，其他三个选项均不能表示时间。

句意：直到最近一些国家还把用盐做成的盐块作为钱使用。

36. C. 前一句说到“直到最近一些国家还把用盐做成的盐块作为钱使用”，本句紧接着提到“用盐做的盐块在婆罗洲和非洲的部分地区可以买东西”，这说明“盐做成的盐块作为钱使用”的情况未变，故选still。

even和also均表示递进关系，never表示否定，与语境不符。

37. C. 本句后面都是用过去时，大意是“这些贝壳主要来自…，然后被贩卖到印度和中国”。

would表示过去常常。

句意：海里的贝壳在东半球大部分地区的某段时间常常被用来当作钱使用。

38. D. another是相对于some的“另一个（些）”，显然两者之间是选择关系，即“在某个时间或另一个时间”。

句意：海里的贝壳在东半球大部分地区的某个时间或另一个时间被当作钱来使用。

39. A. 根据常识可以知道：在海边就可以捡到贝壳，数量积攒多了，就可以贩卖，制成钱币使用，collect在此符合题意。

40. D. 本剧中的地点状语为in Africa，非洲是七大洲之一，那么从东至西穿过的自然是continent。

句意：在非洲，贝壳被懂东非贩卖到西非。

41. C. 从前面内容可知，这里介绍的是早期的三种钱币形式，显然这些都是在coin（硬币）之前的货币形式。

precede意为“在…之前”，process意为“加工，处理，前进”，proceed 意为“着手开始，继续进行”，produce意为“制造”。

句意：由重量决定价值的金属先于世界上许多国家的硬币出现。

42. B. 关键词是“still”，该词表示“金属仍然作为货币在使用”，那么自然就不需要使用纸币了，所以两者是二选一的关系，instead of表示“替代”，符合语境。

in spite of意为“不管，不顾”，along with意为“随同…一起”，in line with意为“符合，和…一致”。

句意：做成小方块的、棍状的、环状的铁仍在许多国家代替钱在使用。

43. D. goods是前面be exchanged的目的，故选择for表示目的。

钱币是用来换取货物的，不是作为货品交换的。

句意：它可以换成货物，也可以做成工具、武器或装饰品。

44. A. 本句解释中国早期货币“铜钱”的样子，正是圆心有孔的，因此选often。

句意：中国最早的钱除了贝壳就是铜，铜通常被做成中间有一个洞的平的圆片。

45. B. 本句话后面出现了the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean，显然这里是将中国最早的钱币和东地中海最早的钱币进行对比，是平行结构，故选earliest。