lang_Japanese1

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unison~ユニゾン~

桐生隆志：还知道反抗了真傲慢啊。
長瀬秀一：桐生。。。
桐生隆志：什么？
長瀬秀一：已经不行……要去了。。。
桐生隆志：那就去吧。
長瀬秀一：之后你会清理吗？还不全都是我做。。。
長瀬秀一：把领带。。。给我解开
桐生隆志：自己解。
長瀬秀一：我马上要去洗手间，拜托你帮我解开。
桐生隆志：洗手间？在这里解决也可以啊~
桐生隆志：睡着了吗？
長瀬秀一：啊……抱歉（现在几点？已经三点了，再四个小时以后又要回公司吧？）唉……
桐生隆志：你好像想说什么
長瀬秀一：啊，没、没什么
桐生隆志：真让人不舒服
長瀬秀一：我没有那个意思，快到了吧？
長瀬秀一：（从那天开始，我们的相处方式仅在表面上没有变化，桐生在公司里戴着好人的面具，但一到两人独处时，就会用绝不会向旁人外露的粗暴态度对我。但是那也只是在公司里，一离开公司又会变成和之前一样，完全没有交流。）
桐生隆志：你还是那么敏感啊……
長瀬秀一：（他抱我的方式还和从前一样，傲慢、粗暴）啊……啊（我所感到的不协调到底是因什么而产生？连我自己也不明白。）
長瀬秀一：嗯？
桐生隆志：醒了吗？……在公司里为什么撒谎？
長瀬秀一：对不起，因为还没有收到正式通知，我以为先不跟别人说比较好
桐生隆志：在汽车总部，这已经是个公开的秘密了
（端正的脸上浮起笑容低头看着我的桐生，有生以来我第一次体会到了被人扭住胳膊按住时的恐怖，被暴力侵犯后，我冲进厕所就吐了。桐生直到我吐完都一直轻抚着我的背。他那样的态度更增加了我的恐惧感，以致成为了心理创伤。那晚以后，如果加班只有两个人时，桐生就会一声不吭地把我的手绑起来带到会客室，我无法拒绝……）
長瀬秀一：啊！

小语种学习网站

小语种学习网站6.日语☆☆☆☆Japanese 【日语在线】【学日语】http://www.jp-lesson.jp 【日语课程】/ 【贯通日本语】/ 【现代日语学习论坛】/ 【孙沈清日语教室】/ 【当当日语教室】/ 【沪江日语】/ 【和风日语】/ 【日语巴士】/ 【163日语】/ 【日语广场】/ 【日语学习港】/ 【大成日语网】/ 【日语入门】/ 【学日语】/ 【日本语天堂】/ 【日本语世界】/ 【中日交流】/ 【在线日语练习】/songcx/category/5968.html 【新版标日学习】7.韩语☆☆☆☆Koreanhttp://korean.sogang.ac.kr 【西江大学韩语教程】/kintro/ 【韩语介绍】/ 【学韩语】http://www.interedu.go.kr 【通过因特网学韩语】/Language/korean.cfm 【韩语实践】/korean.htm 【Declan韩语学习站】/index_e.htm 【韩语森林】http://rki.kbs.co.kr/learn_korean/lessons/c_index.htm 【KBS电台韩国语讲座】/home/ 【在线韩国语教室】/ 【韩国旅游官方网站】/ 【我爱韩语】/ 【韩语学习第一站：韩语新网】/ 【韩语爱好者】/korea/ 【韩语学习网】/Forum/ 【韩岛论坛】东南亚1.泰语☆☆☆Thai/Thai/ 【北伊利诺斯大学东南亚研究中心泰语主页】【轻松学泰语】http://www.kisa.ca/thai/ 【学泰语】/thai_language/ 【在亚洲泰语主页】/ 【泰语网】2.越南语☆☆☆Vietnamese/vietn ... /tableofcontent.htm 【北伊越南语主页】http://perso.orange.fr//langues/hanviet.htm 【汉越字典】/hanosoft/default.asp?chu= 【线上汉越字典】3.缅甸语☆☆Burmese/Burmese/ 【北伊利诺斯大学东南亚研究中心缅甸语主页】4.老挝语☆☆Lao/lao/LaoLanguage/Lao_language_fp.htm 【北伊老挝语主页】【老挝语软件】5.柬埔寨语/高棉语☆☆Cambodian/khmer/khmer/ 【北伊利诺斯大学东南亚研究中心柬埔寨语主页】6.马来语☆☆☆Malayhttp://pgoh13.free.fr/malay_course.php 【学马来语】7.印尼语☆☆☆Indonesian/Indonesian/ 【北伊利诺斯大学东南亚研究中心印尼语主页】/ 【一起学印尼语】8.菲律宾语/他加禄语☆☆Philipino/Tagalog/Tagalog/ 【北伊利诺斯大学东南亚研究中心他加禄语主页】/~pmorrow/ 【菲律宾历史语言文化及其他】东欧1.俄语☆☆☆☆Russian 【学俄语：在线俄语中心】【掌握俄语：从初级到高级】/WhatIsRussia/Russian.html 【通往俄罗斯之路：在线俄语指南和俄语词汇书】【俄语教程】2.白俄罗斯语☆☆Belarusian/~np214/lacin.htm 【白俄罗斯语网】3.乌克兰语☆☆Ukrainianma.kiev.ua/pub/courses/UFL/ 【乌克兰语入门】4.爱沙尼亚语☆☆Estonianhttp://www.einst.ee/publications/language/language.html 【爱沙尼亚语介绍】5.拉脱维亚语☆☆Latvian/latvianasp/latonline.asp 【在线学拉脱维亚语】6.立陶宛语☆☆Lithuanianhttp://postilla.mch.mii.lt/Kalba/kalbarast.en.htm 【立陶宛语言文字】/ 【在线学立陶宛语】/ma4/thelithuanians/index.html 【立陶宛人】南欧1.拉丁语☆☆☆Latin 【拉丁语和古希腊语学习】/latgramm.htm 【拉丁语词典和语法】/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/latol-TC-X.html 【在线拉丁语教程】2.希腊语☆☆☆Greek/LearnGreek/ (Modern/Ancient) 【在线学希腊语（现代/古代）】 (Modern) 【在线学希腊语（现代）】/gr-lessons/ (Modern) 【现代希腊语】http://www.xanthi.ilsp.gr/filog/ (Modern) 【外国人学现代希腊语】/koine/greek/lessons/ (New Testament) 【圣经新约希腊语学习】/~ancgreek/ (Ancient) 【古希腊语指南】 (Ancient) 【古希腊语和拉丁语学习】/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/grkol-TC-X.html 【在线古典希腊语教程】/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/ntgol-TC-X.html 【在线圣经新约希腊语教程】3.意大利语☆☆☆Italian/languages/italian/ 【BBC电台意大利语学习主页】【用计算机学意大利语：课程和意大利旅游指南】http://www.italianforyou.it 【你的意大利语：在线互动意大利语教程】http://www.iluss.it/ 【在线学意大利语：教程语法词汇等】4.西班牙语☆☆☆☆Spanish/languages/spanish/ 【BBC电台西班牙语主页】http://www.spanish.bz/learn-spanish.htm 【学西班牙语：在线教程和音频】【免费西班牙语在线学习】【学西班牙语】/learn.htm 【在线学西班牙语】【西班牙城：学西班牙语】【西班牙语语法自测】【在线学西班牙语】5.葡萄牙语☆☆☆Portuguese/languages/other/portuguese/talk/ 【BBC电台：说葡萄牙语】http://www.sci.fi/~huuhilo/portuguese/ 【巴西葡萄牙语】【学葡萄牙语】【轻松学葡萄牙语】西欧2.法语☆☆☆☆French/languages/french/ 【BBC电台法语学习主页】【法语助手：免费在线法语课程】/languages/french/ 【法语教程】/french/ 【免费法语学习教程】【我的图解法语词典（英法）】3.荷兰语☆☆☆Dutch荷兰语/ 【学荷兰语】【旅游者荷兰语】http://www.gnomjas.nl/html/dutch/ 【学荷兰语：在线荷兰语语法教程】【荷兰语学习】北欧1.冰岛语☆☆Icelandic/icelandic/ 【冰岛语教程】http://www.simnet.is/gardarj/gardar1.htm 【现实冰岛】/mimir/mimir.htm 【冰岛语语法笔记】2.丹麦语☆☆Danishhttp://www.speakdanish.dk 【丹麦语信息】/learndanish.htm 【让我们说丹麦语】http://users.cybercity.dk/~nmb3879/danish.html 【丹麦语语法】3.挪威语☆☆Norwegian/norwegian_culture/languagelessons_index.jsp 【挪威之子：挪威语教程】4.瑞典语☆☆Swedish/faculty/a/d/adr10/swedish.html 【瑞典语教程】http://www.hhs.se/isa/swedish/ 【瑞典语介绍】/database/insightrecord.php?id=41 【瑞典语入门】5.芬兰语☆☆☆Finnishhttp://www.henkimaa.nu/finndex/suomea/learning/online.html 【在线芬兰语教程】http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/Finnish.html 【芬兰语】http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/finnlang.html 【现实芬兰：芬兰语】http://www.chiugate.fi/ 【芬兰语教程】中欧1.德语☆☆☆☆German/Deutsch/languages/german/ 【BBC电台德语学习主页】【在线学德语】/german/abinitio/ 【英国埃克赛特大学德语入门教程】/library/anfang/blanfang_inhalt.htm 【德语入门】http://www.dw-world.de/dw/0,,2582,00.html 【德国之声德语教学节目】2.波兰语☆☆Polish/polishlessons/lekcje.htm 【波兰语入门】http://grzegorj.w.interia.pl/kurs/ 【波兰语教程】/gladney/Elementary_Polish/Start.html 【初级波兰语】3.捷克－斯洛伐克语☆☆Czech 【捷克语初级读本】/index.html 【捷克语学习资源】☆☆Slovak/ 【学斯洛伐克语】5.匈牙利语/马扎尔语☆☆Hungarian/Magyar 【学匈牙利语】/faculty/a/d/adr10/hungarian.html 【匈牙利语教程】/hungarian/ 【匈牙利语教程】http://impulzus.sch.bme.hu/info/magyar.shtml 【匈牙利语入门】。

UG环境变量大全-您值得了解

UG环境变量大全-您值得了解环境变量大全1、UG语言界面系统环境变量UGII_LANG=simol_chinese简体中文菜单界面UGII_LANG=english英文菜单界面UGII_LANG=french法语菜单界面UGII_LANG=german德语菜单界面UGII_LANG=japanese日文菜单界面UGII_LANG=italian意大利语菜单界面UGII_LANG=russian俄语菜单界面UGII_LANG=korean韩文菜单界面2、将高版本的“变换+移动对象”还原为4.0版本变换样式的环境变量：UGII_ENABLE_TRANSFORM_LEGACY_OPTIONS=13、高版本添加简化体环境变量名：ugii_dmx_nx502=14、添加后处理程序输出路径环境变量UGII_CAM_POST_OUTPUT_DIR=D:\NC（后处理放置文件路径）5、设置启动文件放置路径环境变量UGII_ROOT_DIR= D:\Program Files\UGS\NX 7.5\UGII（启动文件放置路径）6、设置UG安装路径环境变量UGII_BASE_DIR= D:\Program Files\UGS\NX 7.5\UGII（UG安装路径）7、工程图文字放置路径环境变量UGII_CHARACTER_FONT_DIR= D:\TS_NX\ugfonts（工程图文字放置路径文件）8、UG自动调用安装外挂环境变量UGII_USER_DIR 定义用户二次开发程序目录UGII_SITE_DIR 定义用户共用二次开发程序的目录UGII_VENDOR_DIR 定义第三方二次开发的程序目录UGII_GROUP_DIR 这个也能用9、UG背景图片设置环境变量UGII_BACKGROUND_PICTURE=D:\TS_NX\NX.JPG10、WIN7系统下安装安装UG7.0以上版本拖工具条卡死解决办法UGII_BACKGROUND_URL=NONE11、后处理原文件放置位置UGII_CAM_POST_DIR。

japanese_MANGA HERO KANJI

KANJI: Tou Nin Den literally “groupsecret-legend.” Nin is from ninja.
Kyat-tou Ninden Teyandeh
“Cat Ninja Legend – Watch Out!”
Now, for some phrases...
Let’s practice:
Again, here’s Amidamaru from SHAMAN KING: His name is also in kanji & hiragana.
A-MI-DA- (kanji) -RE (kanji+hiragana) There is NO “ma” in the written Japanese!
Basic Japanese For Anime And Manga
Today’s Topics:
•Japanese Writing Systems •Some Basic Phrases •How All This Shows Up In Anime/Manga •Resources (Books, Websites, etc.) Okay, let’s get started...
So, now you can say...
Nihongo o sukoshi hanashimasu.
I speak a little Japanese.
...and...
WakarБайду номын сангаасmasu. I understand.
How Does All This Work In Anime & Manga?
Japanese Uses FOUR Different Writing Systems

ビジネスメール例文

1ビジネスメール例文一. 資し料りょう送そう付ふのご案内件名：資し料りょうを送そう付ふいたします株かぶ式しき会がい社しゃ○○ ◇◇◇◇様いつもお世話になっております。

株式会社△△の○○太郎です。

先さきほどは「△△」についてお問とい合あわせいただきありがとうございます。

資し料りょうを添てん付ぷファイルにてお送りいたします。

もし、ご不ふ明めいな点がございましたらお問い合わせくださいませ。

ご検けん討とうのほど、よろしくお願いいたします。

---------------------------------------------------- 株式会社△△ ◎◎部 ◎◎太郎住所：〒111-1111 東京都◎◎区◎◎町1-2-3 TEL ：03-****-**** ／ FAX ：03-****-**** URL ：http://www.***.co.jp Mail:◎◎@***.co.jp----------------------------------------------------二. 新規しんき取とり引ひきのお願い件名：◎◎のご提案の件株式会社○○ ◇◇◇◇様突然とつぜんのメールにて失礼いたします。

◎◎◎の開かい発はつ、生産をしております、株式会社△△の○○と申もうします。

このたび、ぜひ弊へい社しゃの◎◎◎をサンプルとして◇◇様にお使いいただけないかと思い、ご連れん絡らくをいたしました。

弊社新しん製せい品ひんである「◎◎◎-A 」をお使いただけないかと思うのですが、いかがでしょうか。

（新製品紹しょう介かいページ http://www.*******.com/new_a.html ）◇◇様にご使用いただき、品ひん質しつ的てきに評ひょう価かをいただるようでしたらぜひ御おん社しゃでのお取とり扱あつかいをご検討いただければと思っております。

誠に勝かっ手てなお願いではございますが、ご興きょう味み頂いただけるようでしたら、ご返へん信しんをいただけますでしょうか。

japan和japanese的用法总结

japan和japanese的用法总结日本是一个东亚国家，是世界上经济发达、科技先进、文化底蕴深厚的国家之一。

对于日本及其人民的描述，我们常常会用到"Japan"和"Japanese"这两个词。

然而，在具体的用法上，有时对它们的使用可能会有些混淆。

因此，本文将对"Japan"和"Japanese"的用法进行总结和解释。

首先，我们来讨论"Japan"这个词的用法。

"Japan"是一个名词，用作一个特定的国家的名称。

我们可以将其用在句子中作为主语、宾语或其他成分。

例如：1. Japan is known for its advanced technology and rich culture. （日本以其先进的技术和丰富的文化而闻名。

）2. I have always wanted to visit Japan and explore its traditional arts and crafts.（我一直都想去日本，探索它的传统艺术和手工艺品。

）3. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the history of Japan.（这本书全面介绍了日本的历史。

）需要注意的是，在英语中，"Japan"是一个可数名词，没有复数形式。

因此，在描述多个日本人或多个日本事物时，我们不会用"Japans"这样的形式。

接下来，让我们来讨论"Japanese"这个词的用法。

"Japanese"是一个形容词，用来描述与日本有关的事物或人。

此外，"Japanese"还可用作名词，表示日本人。

下面是一些例子：1. I'm learning Japanese cuisine because I love the flavors and presentation.（我正在学习日本料理，因为我喜欢它的味道和装饰。

《上级で学ぶ日本语》の教程(Word)第7课 [颜をなくしたふるさと]

第７課[顔をなくしたふるさと]私が生まれ育ったふるさと――山陰の小さな城下町なのだが、そこを後にしたのは十歳のときのことだから、もう三十数年も前のことになる。

当時小学生だった私は、学校が終わると仲間と集まっては、毎日暗くなるまで湖で魚釣りをしたり、うっそうと茂る杉林に囲まれた城跡で泥だらけになって遊び回ったものである。

父の転勤が決まったとき、この仲間たちと別れるのが嫌で、一人でここに残ると言って両親をてこずらせたこと、ふるさとの駅を離れる列車の窓から、遠ざかっていく思い出の山や川を見つめながら身を切られるような思いがしたこと、みんな昨日のことのように覚えている。

ふるさとの山に向かひて言ふことなしふるさとの山はありがたきかな（石川啄木『一握の砂』より）先日、仕事の関係で十数年ぶりにそのふるさとを訪ねる機会に恵まれた。

ふるさとの駅に降り立って「おやっ」と思ったのは、季節はずれの笛と太鼓の音が聞こえたからだった。

迎えに来てくれていた取り引き先の人に、「お祭りですか」と尋ねると、「いいえ。

地元の若い人たちが中心になって、観光客を増やすために、ああして一年中笛と太鼓で観光客の歓迎をしてるんです」という言葉が返ってきた。

駅を出てみると、確かに駅前の広場で数人の若い人たちがはっぴ姿で太鼓を囲んでいた。

今「地方の時代」ということで、ここ数年、私のふるさとを訪ねる観光客もずいぶん増えたのだそうだ。

「おかげさまで、あちらこちらでいろいろな整備が進みましてね」という説明の通り、駅前の一角は昔の面影をなくしてしまっていた。

迎えの車の中では、取り引き先の人たちが早速仕事の打ち合わせを始めた。

しかし、私は心にあらずで上の空。

窓の外を流れるふるさとの景色を目にしてどこか落ち着かない。

「違う。

何かが違う」という思いが頭を離れない。

依頼された仕事を無事に終えた後もそのことが気になってならない。

それで、ここまで来たついでに古い友人を訪ねたいからと夕食の誘いを断り、一人で町を歩いてみようと思い立った。

UGII 详解

在UGII_ENV.DAT中把UGII_DEFAULTS_FILE=${UGII_BASE_DIR}\ugii\ug_english.d ef改成UGII_DEFAULTS_FILE=${UGII_BASE_DIR}\ugii\ug_METRIC. def就可以在开始UG时,内定值为mm在UG_METRIC.DEF中UG_systemColor: 为设定系统颜色UG_initialPartDir: 为设定起始图档位置UG_initialGripDir: 为设定GRIP位置UG_initialUFunDir: 为设定USER FUNCTION位置UG_initialMacroDir: 为设定MARCO位置UG_initialIgsDir: 为设定IGES位置UG_initialDxfDir: 为设定DXF位置UG_initialTransLogDir: 为设定LOG位置UG_layersInList: 有all, selectable, objects 三个,建议用OBJECTSUG_showObjectCount: 建议ONUG_showCategoryNames: 建议ONSolids_undoFileSize:4095.000 UNDO暂存,最大值到4095Solids_tolerDist_EU: 0.0010 ! Inches 英制公差Solids_tolerDist_MU: 0.0254 ! mm 公制公差Solids_tolerAngl: 0.5000 ! degrees 角度公差Solids_FreeFormConstructionResult: 0 建议若是做机构用0比较好,若是造型用1比较好1. 复制UGii_simple_chinese.lng 到一个新的目录并重新命名为ugii.lng (如：\UGS180\UGChina\ugii.lng)2. 建立一个新的文件ug.bat 在该目录下并输入以下内容：@ECHO OFFset UGII_LANGUAGE=%UGII_BASE_DIR%\UGChinasetUGII_MAIN_MENU_FILE=%UGII_BASE_DIR%\ugii\menus\ug _main.men%UGII_BASE_DIR%\ugii\ugraf.exe3. 保存后运行ug.bat就如Pro/E可以用系统环境变量LANG=chs来控制简体中文界面一样，UG NX1.0的语言界面现在也可随心所欲地用系统环境变量来控。

Free learning Japanese resources

Top 10 Free Online Japanese ResourcesA QUICK INTRODUCTIONSo, if you’re here, you probably want to learn some Japanese, which I think is great. TheJapanese language has seen a huge surge in popularity , thanks to things like anime, manga, drama (and in my dreams, Godzilla ).There are all sorts of resources out there, some good, some mediocre, and a lot really bad. I hope this little e -book will help you out a bit, and help you to enjoy Japanese!So, here’s the deal, though. I think that everyone who is just starting Japanese should ﬁnd themselves a teacher. Whether that’s a class, a private tutor, whatever. It’s important to build good foundations so you can reallyaccelerate your studies later on(and create good habits in the process ). There are ways to do this, and most of them cost a little bit of money . The best deal that I’ve found hasn’t happened yet. It will be on eduFire, when theylaunch one -to -many classes, where up to 99 students will be able to join a teacher for a lecture / series of classes. I’ll be teaching a couple of these for beginners, and I’ll charge $5 a class, because I think learning should be a ﬀordable.So, there you have it. Enjoy the resources provided in this book. They are amazing. Every single one of them. Use them to supplement your studies, and you’ll be a pro in no time at all!WHERE CAN I FIND MORE TOFUGU STUFF?Koichi is a graduate of WillametteUniversity, where he majored in Japanese Studies. He started , and is dedicated to helping people learn Japanese!contact me: koichi@tofugu.co m SPECIAL GODZILLA -FILLED THANKS:Special thanks to http://www and http://www forreferring me to a couple of these Japanese learning resources. Even more special thanks to all of you who support Tofugu by enjoying it (or disliking it ). W e really appreciate each and every one of you!Y outube: http://www /user/tofuguW ebsite: http://www T witter:http://www /tofuguRatingsLang -8http://www .lang Lang -8 (pretend the 8 is sideways; it means “inﬁnity”) is a website for all languages, but is especially good when it comes to practicing Japanese. The concept behind this site is that you, the user, writes journal entries in the language that you are learning (probablyJapanese ), and then people who are natives of that language will correct it for you. Then, theoretically , you could do the same for them, for the language that they are learning. It’s a win -win for everyone.WHY I LIKE LANG -8There are other sites out there which provide a similar service, but when it comes to Japanese study , Lang -8 can’t be beaten. Recently , it was featured on Hatena, a big Japanese social bookmarking website, which means there are a plethora of Japanese people using Lang -8 right now . This means there’s a ton of people out there willing and able to help you out with your Japanese (and excited to get your help as well ).Besides this, I’ve only had great experiences with Lang -8’s sta ﬀ and users, who have been friendly and helpful at every turn I make. They make me want to come back to the website on a regular basis, which means I get to learn new things all the time.A combination of Lang -8’s usability , community , and e ﬀectiveness make Lang -8 a winner, especially if you need to focus on your writing / grammar. I highly recommend all Japanese language learners to check Lang -8 out!The Social: Fun Factor: E ﬀectiveness:Reading: W riting: Speaking: Listening: V ocabulary: Grammar:RatingsTae Kim’s Guide to Japanesehttp://www Tae Kim’s Guide to Japanese is a not -for -proﬁt page (.org ) that has information on pretty much every beginner and intermediate grammar point you’ve ever come across. It is well organized, has a ton of examples, and even includes lesser -known alternatives to certaingrammar points you’ll go over. Perhaps one of the greatest features to Tae Kim’s Guide to Japanese is that it’s been translated into eleven other languages by fans of the site!WHY I LIKE TAE KIM’S GUIDE TO JAPANESEThere aren’t too many philanthropists out there who are willing to share this much knowledge without asking for some money in return. Tae Kim is one of those people, putting together this great guide to Japanese. Really , I usually suggest to people to get a textbook to get the full “learn Japanese” experience. Tae Kim is as close as you can get to a solid textbook experience without putting down some cold hard cash.Whenever I have a question about a grammar point, I go straight to Tae Kim (and never do a Google search ﬁrst ). I know that I’ll be able to ﬁnd the answer to my question, get some examples on it, and feel good that it’s reliable.He also does a great blog (http://www/blog/), which I follow and read regularly .The Social: Fun Factor: E ﬀectiveness: Reading: W riting: Speaking: Listening: V ocabulary: Grammar:RatingsiKnow!http://www .iknow .co.jpWhen it comes to learning vocabulary , things can get monotonous sometimes. iKnow revolutionizes the way you learn vocabulary , using amazing ﬂash cards, dictation practice, speed tests, podcasts, and a ton of free, pre -made lessons (so you don’t have to go through the work of putting together your own ). It then keeps track of your progress and tells you how much you should practice if you want to reach your goal. Think of it like Wii Fit for Japanese language.WHY I LIKE IKNOW!I’ve only been using it for about a week, but every time I ﬁnish practicing some vocab, I come away with a feeling of “W ow , that was fancy ...and e ﬀective.” I learn a lot more than I would with traditional ﬂash cards, and better yet, I retain a lot more too.Here’s why iknow’s ﬂashcards are better. When you see a word come up, it asks you if you know the word. If you hit yes, it doesn’t just go to the next card (you see, it knows that you are trying to lie to it ). Instead, it will give you 4-8 multiple choice answers, so this way , you have to prove you actually knew the word. If you knew it, it will keep track, if you don’t, it will ﬂag it and come back later for more practice.Other features include “dictation” (where you type out what you hear ), “brain speed” (where you hone your Japanese reﬂexes ),“podcasts” (podcasts based on the lesson’s you last did ) and “ﬂash cards.”To learn vocab, without a doubt, this is the place you want to be.The Social: Fun Factor: E ﬀectiveness:Reading: W riting: Speaking: Listening: V ocabulary: Grammar:RatingsjGramhttp://www jGram (short for “Japanese Grammar”) is a community project where anyone can share their Japanese knowledge, kind of like a wiki. To help with the reliability factor, jGram users have to check examples, and a point scale will tell you how many people have ﬂagged it asreliable / correct. Although this website focuses on grammar, there are sections for useful phrases as well, which, not surprisingly , are very useful.WHY I LIKE JGRAMI love open source. It’s great when a largenumber of people come together and put together something great.jGram, of course, is no exception. I love how they separate grammar out by JLPT level (the standardized test for people learning Japanese ). When I was studying, I was on this site every day . Now that I’ve stopped studying for it, I enjoy the ability to add grammar to “my study list” so I can come back and know what I need to study later. Ican even pull up my study list onto a mobile device and it will be formated for my cell phone. Now that’s awesome.Lastly , I love the community aspect. There are always people adding examples (or taking down bad examples), making comments on the grammar point, and in general just giving the site a social feel to it. Although I wouldn’t suggest someone to use this as their soul guide for learning Japanese, it’s deﬁnitely great to have as a grammar resource.The Social: Fun Factor: E ﬀectiveness:Reading: W riting: Speaking: Listening: V ocabulary: Grammar:RatingsDenshi Jishohttp://www /It’s hard to ﬁnd a good dictionary . Now , there is Jim Breen’s WWWJDIC (which I highly recommend ), but I’ve come to likeDenshi Jisho a little bit more. It takes all the data from Jim Breen, and then makes it pretty and much more useable. It has features like word lookup, kanji lookup, and even search by radical (which is ridiculously awesome ), making it more useful than Jim Breen’s original dictionary (though Jim Breen’s translate feature still wins ).WHY I LIKE DENSHI JISHOI’ve been a huge fan of Jim Breen ever since it came out. No other dictionary that I can ﬁnd ever comes close to the level of detail that it has(sometimes too much information, really ). I have always been upset at how ugly it is, and Denshi Jisho ﬁxes this completely .It does have some features which are a little bit di ﬀerent though. My favorite of them is the kanji radical lookup. If you have a kanji, and you have no idea what it is, you look it up by its radicals. Thisfeature allows you to click on a radical to narrow down your kanji search (at which point it will show you all the kanji that have that radical, as well as allow you to pick more radicals, if they are available ). This makes it really easy to narrow down and ﬁgureout a kanji that you don’t know . This is something I’ve been waiting for for a long time. I hate thumbing through my paper kanji dictionary . This changes everything!The Social: Fun Factor: E ﬀectiveness:Reading: W riting: Speaking: Listening: V ocabulary: Grammar:RatingsRikaichanhttp://www /rikaichan/Rikaichan is a Firefox extension (get Firefox, foo’!) that allows you to hover over any kanji to get it’s kanji, hiragana reading, and English deﬁnition (see above example ). All you do is hit the “activate Rikaichan button” to start it up, and then just turn it o ﬀ when you’re done. Y ou can download multiple dictionaries, including a name dictionary that recognizes when you’re hovering over someone’s name.WHY I LIKE RIKAICHANI don’t know how many times I’ve navigated a Japanese page, unsure what parts of it say . WithRikaichan, I can hit words I don’t know and get their deﬁnitions quickly and easily , without having to copy and paste them into a dictionary . Although I’m not retaining a lot on the way , it does allow me to read content more quickly and e ﬃciently , if that’s what I want to do.Another thing I do with Rikaichan is read emails. I get my email through Apple Mail, whichmeans it’s not on my Firefox browser (and thus not accessible by Rikaichan ). I like to copy and pasteemails in Japanese into Google Docs, then use Rikaichan to hit the hard words.If you’re practicing reading Japanese, Rikaichan is a must if you want to navigate the Japanese web. I mean, how else are you going to see what’s going on in 2chan?The Social: Fun Factor: E ﬀectiveness:Reading: W riting: Speaking: Listening: V ocabulary: Grammar:RatingsPodcasts on iTuneshttp://www /itunes/Although you can’t download Japanese music (without snatching yourself a Japanese iTunes gift card ), you can download and subscribe to podcasts for free. Just get on iTunes, get a (free ) account, and go down to the bottom of the application and choose Japan as your location. From there, click on “podcasts,” then have at it. There are all sorts of categories available, and you can even choose a children’s podcast if you are a beginner in Japanese!WHY I LIKE ITUNESNow , it’s not so much that I like iTunes, but I really do like the way they organize podcasts, and make it easy to ﬁnd whatever you want (and then keep getting new episodes automatically ). I just listen to Japanese podcasts in the background while I’m doing other things, and it’s a good way to keep my mind thinking Japanese whenever I have a free moment. It doesn’t even really matter if you speak much Japanese - it’s good to hear people talk, and even if you aren’t actively learning anything, you’rehearing the sounds that make up the Japanese language, which is great.If you do speak some Japanese, then you’ll be able to enjoy the podcasts a little more, which is even better! I subscribe to a lot of comedy shows, and enjoy listening to them. I have a good twentysubscriptions right now, so I always have something to listen to (that is, when I’m not listening to Car Talk on NPR )The Social: Fun Factor: E ﬀectiveness:Reading: W riting: Speaking: Listening: V ocabulary: Grammar:RatingsY amasa Kanji Stroke Order/members/ocjs/kanjidic.nsf/...Y amasa’s Online dictionary is just another Japanese dictionary , but it does have one feature that really makes it stand out, and that is the ability to see the stroke order of any kanji you type in (link to this feature provided above ). Although stroke order is pretty easy for aveteran of Japanese, beginners will ﬁnd this webpage very helpful. Start those good habits early!WHY I LIKE YAMASA ’S STROKE ORDERI don’t know how many times I’ve been asked about stroke order when it comes to kanji. Now , I just refer them to this webpage. I can’t stress enough how important it is to write with the correct stroke order. It helps give you nice handwriting, creates good habits, and make you a better all -aroundJapanese student.Although I’m not a fan of this particular type of study myself, it will also show you the “on” and “kun” reading of a kanji, which may be very useful for thosewho have a very “technical” way of learning. This site isn’t the most beautiful site in the world, but they do a good job at stroke order, so I highly recommend it!The Social: Fun Factor: E ﬀectiveness: Reading: W riting: Speaking: Listening: V ocabulary: Grammar:RatingsLiveStation Online TVhttp://www /Livestation is a program that you can use on Windows, MacOSX, or even Linux, that allows you to watch television from all over the world, for free, and it might even be legal (maybe?). There are all sorts of programs, but of course, you can ﬁnd the ones from Japan, and save them to your favorites list, just like I did! The Japanese Home Shopping Network is playing in my background as I write this.WHY I LIKE LIVESTATIONFirst of all, it can be used by Windows, Mac, and Linux users (yay , don’t have to boot into Windows just to watch Japanese television ). Secondly , being able to watch Japanese television from anywhere in the world is plain awesome. Sadly , most of theprograms I watch are during weird times (in Japan, anyways ), but I still get to enjoy it most of the time. I actually ﬁnd myself on the home shopping channel a lot (it’s strangely fascinating ).Do yourself a favor and download this program. I Deﬁnitely wouldn’t recommend someone using thisto actually try and learn Japanese, but all levels can at least enjoy it, and advanced learners can actually utilize it in a way that’s e ﬀective for language learning.Me? I just like the commercials.The Social: Fun Factor: E ﬀectiveness:Reading: W riting: Speaking: Listening: V ocabulary: Grammar:RatingsT witterhttp://www.twitter .co mT witter is only getting more and more popular. It’s actually catching on in Japan quite a bit too, which can mean some “micro -Japanese -practice” for you. T witter allows you to write up to 140 characters, telling the world (and your followers ) what you’re doing right now . If done diligently , this can be a great tool for learning Japanese. Just follow Japanese T witter users, read their short posts, and then update your own page in Japanese as well.WHY I LIKE TWITTERT witter is fun and easy to do, which is why I like it. That means, it’s easy to translate somethingsomeone wrote (use Rikaichan ) and it’s easy to write a 140 or less tweet in Japanese about what you’re doing. There’s nothing long, hard, di ﬃcult, or time consuming about it, but you’re still able to do some practice, and hopefully have a little fun at the same time.Another thing I’ve seen done is people writing new words they’ve learned, with the kanji and thedeﬁnition. This helps you, and it helps others who might decide to follow you. It’s just another way to reinforce what you already know (or don’t know ), andT witter makes it fun and easy .Oh, and if you want, you can follow me too. My T witter username is “Tofugu.”The Social: Fun Factor: E ﬀectiveness:Reading: W riting: Speaking: Listening: V ocabulary: Grammar:Thanks for Reading!...( If you want to help, just send this to yourfriends, classmates, and teachers. T weet it,blog it, and share it! Thank you so much! )。

JapaneseKanji（largecollection）（日本汉字（大集合））

Japanese Kanji (large collection)（日本汉字(大集合)）Japanese Chinese characters of Chinese is both familiar and unfamiliar, sometimes very convenient, but sometimes it will be very troublesome, not good words too literally will make a big joke. Don't believe it, Chinese ginseng is so expensive, Japan's "ginseng" cheap, I'll get you a car skin.Here are some of the words I collected and collected from my friends. I hope I can make a fresh start and join all of us.Serial Chinese characters (pronunciation) Chinese meaning1 and his San (and on the Hai San and customer)2 love (live on Valentine thou)3 () would love to socialize, compliment, entertainIn the 4 case (cancer - Live guide, actually) Notice5. (actually on's mental arithmetic)The other 6 (better, cancer) before and after the spring equinox, the three dayThe 7 trial (for examples on suspicious.)From time to time (8 examples) accident9 (cancer nursing, high residual balance)10 here (NE's pity, cancer) sorry, disappointedThe 11 (National U), Black Tea coffee shop12 difference (national discrimination analysis)13 dynasties (national will. Before actually ~ simple forms)14 (Hai Hai estate success speech).15 Chikan (UTI, cancer) eRomania16 Chikan (lady-killer), rogue17 Chi go (UTI for u delicious)18 output (. This feeling on the j output)(born 19. After estate) rise head and shoulders above others20 early (after complete surrender and.)21 Zhang (. After UTI j u).22 the beginning of the heart () (. J. Woman's Chan) for beginners, beginnersDivision 23 division (J's immediate consolidation.)24 bed (name, floor)25 bed room (and factory, barber shop, barber)26 (spring is in national as fans)27 rough bars (also thou RA).28 crude (for woman - gift)29 handle (and, and RA) large patterns30 generous (and, as for the public)Those 31 (nursing was last on radish)Those 32 yakusha (live, on the woman's importance was Chan hamfatter)33 black column (on the speech coding was that over the last kind of center)34 people (and, for the landlord)35 (national and and cassock) / rhetorical exaggerationThe 36 famous (Hai j u construct importance) around the princes37 hands (and, at large manufacturers, enterprises)38 husband (Hai j u immediate importance) no problem, never mind39 (for appropriate forms of Che origin, identity)40 authentic (construct UTI) onAll 41 (complete analysis period) cheap; opportunity; all things;42 ears (Pandora for immediate earlobe, construct the construct):Nimai Me (43 ~ to live as man)44 translation ('s translation, on)45 (woman's complete rest assured) tranceThe separation of 46 (immediate on Mount) collateral47 wind ship (examples complete estate on the balloon)48 service (with examples on the forms of imprisonment)49, floating (u guys with xianyisiqian)50 (, Che j u diverted) composition line51 liver and heart (as on's key)52 University (high school was complete was complete)53 blame me (hurt)54 of the contract (complete with longer period)55 (complete agreement period agreed to last)56 Sanchou Hu Hai (U San Hai on the national suspicion)57 China luxury (with Chan Chan slim.)The 58 is spent (as on terms with sixty birthday)The fire of 59 cars (on the better of the economic situation is not good in MA)60 kigen (with's) atmosphere, mood61 (with an urgent need to complete on the teapot)In 62 (KA Na HAI) wife63 jsgi (on mount and complete discussion)64 see things (construct period and wonderful)65 square (as for to construct the views and opinions)66 notes (was complete) class, course67 (complete or live account was one shift)68 cross fan (was complete speech on the police station)The 69 stage (KA Hai's importance to the stairs) 70 structure (after mount was complete enough) The end of 71 (down after, on the unity)72 programs (for examples as a turning point.)73 caution (with cancer. Cancer bimensiguo)74, Daniel (at last this accounting)75 (. J u's sophisticated vegetarian)76 A (, thou Che) stateThe 77 Survey (as on j u).78 letters (KA Hai U) good news79 old waste (U: Che immediate feeling waste)80 wife (complete speech) old woman81 wins (or on the kind of woman in j u)82 cold room (live longer terms air conditioning)83 Lotus ('s terms) porcelain spoon84 Liao (j u this dormitory)85 gold (j u with this material on tuition, fees, tax)86 left behind (in Japanese) in87 travel vouchers (J's passport at this)The 88 ad (RA on that over the last repeat)The sparrow (89 ~ - Chan's mahjong)90 buyer (as the last buyer)The 91 dream (UTI u bun Mutsu)92. (will live on the troubled guys)93 us (Hai was on the United States)94 (j u with barely on learning, cheap)95 ('s ki j u to learn)96 white (sweet and delicious moo.) interesting97 face down (as on U) trouble (things); help98 accept goods (complete delivery of better cancer)99 Nanmi (aka live on South America)100, (aka UTI U / J cancer) hearing ear101 (mud bar complete thief)Send this 102 years (and by this old man.)103 Niang San (better still will) girl104 women (and, to construct the boss)105 (complete nursing on greenhouse heating)The 106 criticism (j u better better) comments107 flesh (better in on) irony108, to (UTI) (with child feeling, atmosphere, mood UTI) 109 Kibun (with immediate cancer) feeling, atmosphere, mood 110, color (at woman with case)111 car train (with Chan.)112 (I live with soda water and sea water mix)113 (just as after wearing was complete)114 years ago (on ne's) last year115 strong (complete this period with the Porter)116 intelligence (j u complete information, news)117 (and this woman geomancer ~ this, on the board of directors, shareholders)118 interest (Environmental construct).119 ginseng (in cancer on carrot)The 120 men (in human cancer cancer)121 leresis (j u kidding cancer nursing)122 of the force (in this U J on input)Shao Shao (or 123 on the cake, with child, or on the zeta) jealous, jealousRoasted rice (with will, 124 fried rice.)125 (Shekou Chan UTI) tap126 students (Hai, Hai Kai Ki) the meaning of life127 - hand () (1) taiwan. (2) as the son. Thing。

Design Techniques For Emc Part 1 - Circuit Design, And Choice Of Components

Design Techniques for EMC – Part 1Circuit Design, and Choice of ComponentsBy Eur Ing Keith Armstrong CEng MIEE MIEEEPartner, Cherry Clough Consultants, Associate of EMC-UKThis is the first in a series of six articles on best-practice EMC techniques in electrical/electronic/mechanical hardware design, to be published in this journal over the following year. The series is intended for the designer of electronic products, from building block units such as power supplies, single-board computers, and “industrial components” such as motor drives, through to stand-alone or networked products such computers, audio/video/TV, instruments, etc.These articles were first published in the EMC Journal as a series during 1999. This version includes a number of corrections, modifications, and additions, many of which have been made as a result of correspondence with the following, to whom I am very grateful: Feng Chen, Kevin Ellis, Neil Helsby, Mike Langrish, Tom Liszka, Alan Keenan, T Sato, and John Woodgate. I am also indebted to Tom Sato for translating these articles into Japanese and posting them on his website: http://member.nifty.ne.jp/tsato/, as well as suggesting a number of improvements.The techniques covered in these six articles are:1) Circuit design (digital, analogue, switch-mode, communications), and choosingcomponents2) Cables and connectors3) Filters and transient suppressors4) Shielding5) PCB layout (including transmission lines)6) ESD, electromechanical devices, and power factor correctionA textbook could be written about any one of the above topics (and many have), so this magazine article format can do no more than introduce the various issues and point to the most important of the best-practice techniques.Before starting on the above list of topics it is useful see them in the context of the ideal EMC lifecycle of a new product design and development project.The project EMC lifecycleThe EMC issues in a new project lifecycle are summarised below:• Establishment of the target electromagnetic specifications for the new product, including: The electromagnetic environment it must withstand (including continuous, high-probability, and low-probability disturbance events) and the degradation in performance to be allowedduring disturbance events;Its possible proximity to sensitive apparatus and allowable consequences, hence the emissions specifications;Whether there are any safety issues requiring additional electromagnetic performance specifications. Safety compliance is covered by safety directives, not by EMC Directive;All the EMC standards to be met, regulatory compliance documentation to be created, and how much “due diligence” to apply in each case (consider all markets, any customers’ in-house specifications, etc.).• System design:Employ system-level best-practices (“bottom-up”);flow the “top-level” EMC specifications down into the various system blocks (“top-down”).• System block (electronic) designs:Employ electrical/electronic hardware design best-practices (“bottom-up”) (covered by these six articles);Simulate EMC of designs prior to creating hardware, perform simple EMC tests on early prototypes, more standardised EMC tests on first production issue.• Employ best-practice EMC techniques in software design.• Achieve regulatory compliance for all target markets.• Employ EMC techniques in QA to control:All changes in assembly, including wiring routes and component substitutions;All electrical/electronic/mechanical design modifications and software bug-fixes;All variants.• Sell only into the markets originally designed for;To add new markets go through the initial electromagnetic specification stage again. • Investigate all complaints of interference problemsFeed any resulting improvements to design back into existing designs and new products (a corrective action loop).This may look quite daunting, but it is only what successful professional marketeers and engineers already know to do, so as not to expose their company to excessive commercial and/or legal risks.As electronic technology becomes more advanced, more advanced management and design techniques (such as EMC) are required. There is no escaping the ratcheting effects of new electronic technologies if a company wants to remain profitable and competitive. But new electronics technologies are creating the worlds largest market, expected to exceed US$1 trillion annually in value (that’s $1 million million) within a couple of years and continue to increase at 15% or so per annum after that. Rewards are there for those that can take the pace.The following outlines a number of the most important best-EMC-practices. They deal with “what” and “how” issues, rather than with why they are needed or why they work. A good understanding of the basics of EMC is a great benefit in helping to prevent under or over-engineering, but goes beyond the scope of these articles.Table of contents for Part 11. Circuit design and choice of components for EMC1.1 Digital components and circuit design for EMC1.1.1 Choosing components1.1.2 Batch and mask-shrink problems1.1.3 IC sockets are bad1.1.4 Circuit techniques1.1.5 Spread-spectrum clocking1.2 Analogue components and circuit design1.2.1 Choosing analogue components1.2.2 Preventing demodulation problems1.2.3 Other analogue circuit techniques1.3 Switch-mode design1.3.1 Choice of topology and devices1.3.2 Snubbing1.3.3 Heatsinks1.3.4 Rectifiers1.3.5 Problems and solutions relating to magnetic components1.3.6 Spread-spectrum clocking for switch-mode1.4 Signal communication components and circuit design1.4.1 Non-metallic communications are best1.4.2 Techniques for metallic communications1.4.3 Opto-isolation1.4.4 External I/O protection1.4.5 “Earth – free” and “floating” communications1.4.6 Hazardous area and intrinsically safe communications1.4.7 Communication protocols1.5 Choosing passive components1.6 References:1. Circuit design and choice of components for EMCCorrect choice of active and passive components, and good circuit design techniques used from the beginning of a new design and development project, will help achieve EMC compliance in the most cost-effective way, reducing the cost, size, and weight of the eventual filtering and shielding required. These techniques also improve digital signal integrity and analogue signal-to-noise, and can save at least one iteration of hardware and software. This will help new products achieve their functional specifications, and get to market, earlier. These EMC techniques should be seen as a part of a company’s competitive edge, for maximum commercial benefit.1.1 Digital components and circuit design for EMC1.1.1 Choosing componentsMost digital IC manufacturers have at least one glue-logic range with low emissions, and a few versions of I/O chips with improved immunity to ESD. Some offer VLSI in “EMC friendly” versions (some “EMC” microprocessors have 40 dB lower emissions than regular versions).Most digital circuits are clocked with squarewaves, which have a very high harmonic content, as shown by Figure 1.The faster the clock rate, and the sharper the edges, the higher the frequency and emissions levels of the harmonics.So always choose the slowest clock rate, and the slowest edge rate that will still allow the product to achieve its specification. Never use AC when HC will do. Never use HC when CMOS 4000 will do. Choose integrated circuits with advanced signal integrity and EMC features, such as:• Adjacent, multiple, or centre-pinned power and ground.Adjacent ground and power pins, multiple ground and power pins, and centre-pinned power and ground all help maximise the mutual inductance between power and ground current paths, and minimise their self-inductance, reducing the current loop area of the power supply currents and helping decoupling to work more effectively. This reduces problems for EMC and ground-bounce. • Reduced output voltage swing and controlled slew rates.Reduced output voltage swing and controlled slew rates both reduce the dV/dt and dI/dt of the signals and can reduce emissions by several dB. Although these techniques improve emissions, they could worsen immunity in some situations, so a compromise may be needed• Transmission-line matching I/Os.ICs with outputs capable of matching to transmission-lines are needed when high-speed signals have to be sent down long conductors. E.g. bus drivers are available which will drive a 25Ωshunt-terminated load. These will drive 1 off 25Ω transmission line (e.g. RAMBUS); or will drive 2 off 50Ω lines, 4 off 100Ω lines, or 6 off 150Ω lines (when star-connected).• Balanced signalling.Balanced signalling uses ± (differential) signals and does not use 0V as its signal return. Such ICs are very helpful when driving high-speed signals (e.g. clocks > 66MHz) because they help to preserve signal integrity and also can considerably improve common-mode emissions and immunity.• Low ground bounce.ICs with low ground-bounce will generally be better for EMC too.• Low levels of emissions.Most digital IC manufacturers offer glue-logic ranges with low emissions. For instance ACQ and ACTQ have lower emissions than AC and ACT. Some offer VLSI in “EMC friendly” versions, for example Philips have at least two 80C51 microprocessor models which are up to 40dB quieter than their other 80C51 products.• Non-saturating logic preferred.Non-saturating logic is preferred, because its rise and fall times tend to be smoother (slew-rate controlled) and so contain lower levels of high-order harmonics than saturating logic such as TTL.• High levels of immunity to ESD and other disturbing phenomena.Serial communications devices (e.g. RS232, RS 485) are available with high levels of immunity to ESD and other transients on their pins. If their immunity performance isn’t specified to at least the same standards and levels that you need for your product, additional suppression components will be needed.• Low input capacitance.Low input capacitance devices help to reduce the current peaks which occur whenever a logic state changes, and hence reduce the magnetic field emissions and ground return currents (both prime causes of digital emissions).• Low levels of power supply transient currents.Totem-pole output stages in digital ICs go through a brief period when both devices are on, whenever they switch from one state to the other. During this brief period the supply rail is shorted to 0V, and the power supply current transient can exceed the signal’s output current.Both the transient current (sometimes called the ‘shoot-through’ current) and the voltage noise it causes on the power rails are prime causes of emissions. Relevant parameters may include the transient current’s peak value, its d I/d t (or frequency spectrum) and its total charge, any/all of which can be important for the correct design of the power supply’s decoupling. ICs with specified low levels of power supply transients should be chosen where possible.• Output drive capability no larger than need for the application.The output drive current of an IC (especially a bus driver) should be no larger than is needed.Drivers rated for a higher current have larger output transistors, which can mean considerably larger power supply transients. Their increased drive capability can also mean that the traces they drive can experience faster rise and falltimes than are needed, leading to increased overshoot and ringing problems for signal integrity as well as higher levels of RF emissions.All of the above should have guaranteed minimum or maximum (as appropriate) specifications (or at least typical specifications) in their data sheets.Second-sourced parts (with the same type number and specifications but from different manufacturers) can have significantly different EMC performance – something it is important to control in production to ensure continuing compliance in serial manufacture. If products haven’t been EMC tested with the alternative ICs fitted, it will be best to stick with a single source.Suppliers of high-technology ICs may provide detailed EMC design instructions, as Intel does for its Pentium MMO chips. Get them, and follow them closely. Detailed EMC design advice shows that the manufacturer cares about the real needs of his customers, and may tip the balance when choosing devices.Some FPGAs (and maybe other ICs) now have the ability to program the slew rate, output drive capability and/or output impedance of their drive signals. Their drive characteristics can be adjusted to give better signal integrity and/or EMC performance and this should help save time in development by reducing the need to replace ICs, change the values of components on the PCB, or modify the PCB layout.Where ICs’ EMC performances are unknown, correct selection at an early design stage can be made by EMC testing a variety of contenders in a simple standard functional circuit that at least runs their clocks, preferably performs operations on high-rate data too.Testing for emissions can easily be done in a few minutes on a standard test bench with a close-field magnetic loop probe connected to a spectrum analyser (or a wideband oscilloscope). Some devices will be obviously much quieter than others. Testing for immunity can use the same probe connected to the output of a signal generator (continuous RF or transient) – but if it is a proprietary probe (and not just a shorted turn of wire) first check that its power handling is adequate.Close-field probes need to be held almost touching the devices or PCBs being probed. To locate the “hottest spots” and maximise probe orientation they should first be scanned in a horizontal and vertical matrix over the whole area (holding the probe in different orientations at 90o to each other for each direction), then concentrating on the areas with the strongest signals.1.1.2 Batch and mask-shrink problemsSome batches of ICs with the same type numbers and manufacturers can have different EMC performance.Semiconductor manufacturers are always trying to improve the yields they get from a silicon wafer, and one way of doing this is to mask-shrink the ICs so they are smaller. Mask-shrunk ICs can have significantly different EMC performance, because smaller devices means:• less energy is required (in terms of voltage, current, power or charge) to control the internal transistors, which can mean lowered levels of immunity• thinner oxide layers, which can mean less immunity to damage from ESD, surge, or overvoltage• lower thermal capacity of internal transistors can mean higher susceptibility to electrical overstress• faster operation of transistors, which can mean higher levels of emissions and higher frequencies of emissions.Large users can usually arrange to get advance warnings of mask-shrinks so they can buy enough of the ‘old’ ICs to keep them in production while they find out how to deal with the changed EMC from the new mask-shrunk IC.It is possible to perform simple goods-in checks of IC EMC performance to see whether a new batch has different EMC performance, for whatever reason. This helps discover problems early on, and so save money.Alternatively, sample-based EMC testing in serial manufacture is required to avoid shipping non-compliant or unreliable products, but it is much more costly to detect components with changed EMC performance this way than it is at goods-in.1.1.3 IC sockets are badIC sockets are very bad for EMC, and directly soldered surface-mount chips (or chip and wire, or similar direct chip termination techniques) are preferred. Smaller ICs with smaller bondwires and leadframes are better, with BGA and similar styles of chip packaging being the best possible to date. Often the emissions and susceptibility of non-volatile memory mounted on sockets (or, worse still, sockets containing battery backup) ruin the EMC of an otherwise good design. Field-programmable low-profile SMD non-volatile memory ICs soldered direct to the PCB are preferred.Motherboards with ZIF sockets and spring-mounted heatsinks for their processors (to allow easy upgrading) are going to require additional costs on filtering and shielding, even so it will help to choose surface-mounted ZIF sockets with the shortest lengths of internal metalwork for their contacts.1.1.4 Circuit techniques• Level detection (rather than edge-detection) preferred for control inputs and keypresses.Use level detection ICs for all control inputs and keypresses. Edge detecting ICs are very sensitive to high-frequency interference such as ESD. (If control signals need to use such very high rates that they need to use edge-detecting devices, they should be treated for EMC as for any other high-speed communication link.)• Use digital edge-rates that are as slow and smooth as possible should be used wherever possible, especially for long PCB traces and wired interconnections (without compromising skew limits).Where skew is not a problem very slow edges should be used (could be ‘squared-up’ with Schmitt gates where locally necessary).• On prototype PCBs allow for control of logic edge speed or bandwidths (e.g. with soft ferrite beads, series resistors, RC or Tee filters at driven ends).Many IC data books don’t specify their output rise or fall times at all (or only specify the maximum times, leaving typical rates unspecified). Because it is often necessary to control unwanted harmonics, it is advisable to make provision for control of logic edge speed or bandwidths, (on prototype PCBs at least).Series resistors or ferrite beads are usually the best way to control edge rates and unwanted harmonics, although R-C-R tee filters can also be used and may be able to give better control of harmonics where transmission lines are used. (simple capacitors to ground can increase output transient currents and increase emissions.)• Keep load capacitance low.This reduces the output current transient when the logic state changes over and helps to reduce magnetic field emissions, ground bounce, and transient voltage drops in the ground plane and power supply, all important issues for EMC.• Fit pull-ups for open-collector drivers near to their output devices, using the highest resistor values that will work.This helps reduce the current loop area and the maximum current, and so helps to reduce magnetic field emissions. However, this could worsen immunity performance in some situations, so a compromise may be needed.• Keep high speed devices far away from connectors and wires.Coupling (e.g. crosstalk) can occur between the metallisation, bond wires, and lead frame inside an IC and other conductors nearby. These coupled voltages and currents can greatly increase CM emissions at high frequencies. So keep high speed devices away from all connectors, wires, cables, and other conductors. The only exception is high-speed connectors dedicated to that IC(e.g. motherboard connectors).When a product is finally assembled, flexible wires and cables inside may lie in a variety of positions. Ensure that no wires or cables can lie near any high-speed devices. (Products without internal wires or cables are usually easier to make EMC compliant anyway.)A heatsink is an example of a conductor, and clearly can’t be located a long way away from theIC it is to be cooling. But heatsinks can suffer from coupled signals from inside an IC just like any other conductor. The usual technique is to isolate the heatsink from the IC with a thermal conductor (the thicker the better as long as thermal dissipation targets are met), then ‘ground’ the heatsink to the local ground plane with many very short connections (the mechanical fixings can often be used).• A good quality watchdog that ‘keeps on barking’ is required.Interference often occurs in bursts lasting for tens or hundreds of milliseconds. A watchdog which is supposed to restart a processor will be no good if it allows the processor to be crashed or hung permanently by later parts of the same burst that first triggered the watchdog. So it is best if the watchdog is an astable (not a monostable) that will keep on timing out and resetting the microprocessor until it detects a successful reboot. (Don’t forget that the watchdog’s timeout period must be longer than the processor’s rebooting time.)AC-coupling of the watchdog input from a programmable port on the micro helps ensure reliable watchdog operation. For more on watchdogs, see section 7.2.3 in [1].• An accurate power monitor is needed (sometimes called a ‘brownout’ monitor).Power supply dips, dropouts interruptions, sags, and brownouts can make the logic’s DC rail drop below the voltage required for the correct operation of logic ICs, leading to incorrect functioning and sometimes over-writing areas of memory with corrupt instructions or data. So an accurate power monitor is required to protect memory and prevent erroneous control activity.Simple resistor-capacitor ‘power-on reset’ circuits are almost certainly inadequate.• Never use programmable watchdogs or brownout monitors.Because programmable devices can have their programs corrupted by interference, programmable devices must not be used for watchdog or power monitor functions.• Appropriate circuit and software techniques also required for power monitors and watchdogs so that they cope with most eventualities, depending on the criticality of the product, (not discussed further in this series of articles).• High quality RF bypassing (decoupling) of power supplies is vital at every power or reference voltage pin of an IC (refer to Part 5 of this series).• High quality RF reference potential and return-current planes (usually abbreviated to ‘ground planes’) are needed for all digital circuits (refer to Part 5 of this series).• Use transmission line techniques wherever the rise/fall time of the logic signal edge is shorter than the “round trip time” of the signal in the PCB track (transmission lines are described in detail in the 5th article in this series).Rule of thumb: round trip time equals 13ps for every millimetre of track length. For best EMC it may be necessary to use transmission line techniques for tracks which are even shorter than this rule of thumb suggests.• Asynchronous processing is preferred.Asynchronous (naturally clocked) techniques have much lower emissions than synchronous logic, and much lower power consumption too. ARM have been developing asynchronous processors for many years, and other manufacturers are now beginning to produce asynchronous products.One of the limitations on designing asynchronous ICs was the lack of suitable design tools (e.g.timing analysers). But at least one asynchronous IC design tool is now commercially available. Some digital ICs emit high level fields from their own bodies, and often benefit from being shielded by their own little metal box soldered to the PCB ground plane. Shielding at PCB level is very low-cost, but can’t always be applied to devices that run hot and need free air circulation.Clock circuits are usually the worst offenders for emissions, and their PCB tracks will be the most critical nets on a PCB, requiring component layout to be adjusted to minimise clock track length and keep each clock track on one layer with no via holes.When a clock must travel a long distance to a number of loads, fit a clock buffer near the loads so the long track (or wire) has smaller currents in it. Where relative skew is not a problem clock edges in the long track should be well-rounded, even sine-waves, squared up by the buffer near the loads.1.1.5 Spread-spectrum clockingSo-called "spread-spectrum clocking" is a recent technique that reduces the measured emissions, although it doesn't actually reduce the instantaneous emitted power so could still cause the same levels of interference with some fast-responding devices. It modulates the clock frequency by 1 or 2% to spread the harmonics and give a lower peak measurement on CISPR16 or FCC emissions tests. The reduction in measured emissions relies upon the bandwidths and integration time constants of the test receivers, so is a bit of a trick, but has been accepted by the FCC and is in common use in the US and EU. The modulation rates in the audio band so as not to compromise clock squareness specifications.Figure 2 shows an example of an emission improvement for one clock harmonic.Debate continues about the possible effects of spread-spectrum clocking on complex digital ICs with the suppliers claiming no problems and some pundits still urging caution, but at least one major manufacturer of high-quality PC motherboards is using this technique as standard on new products. Spread-spectrum clocking should not be used for timing-critical communications links, such as Ethernet, Fibre channel, FDDI, ATM, SONET, and ADSL.Most of the problems with emissions from digital circuits are due to synchronous clocking. Asynchronous logic techniques (such as the AMULET microprocessors being developed by Prof. Steve Furber’s group at UMIST) will dramatically reduce the total amount of emissions and also achieve a true spread-spectrum instead of concentrating emissions at narrow clock harmonics.1.2 Analogue components and circuit design1.2.1 Choosing analogue componentsChoosing analogue components for EMC is not as straightforward as for digital because of the greater variety of output waveshapes. But as a general rule for low emissions in high-frequency analogue circuits: slew rates, voltage swings, and output drive current capability should be selected for the minimum necessary to achieve the function (given device and circuit tolerances, temperature, etc.).But the biggest problem for most analogue ICs in low-frequency applications is their susceptibility to demodulating radio frequency signals which are outside their linear band of operation, and there are few if any data sheet specifications which can act as a guide for this. Specifications and standards for immunity testing of ICs are being developed, and in the future it may be possible to buy ICs which have EMC specifications on their data sheets.Different batches, second-sourced, or mask-shrunk analogue ICs can have significantly different EMC performance for both emissions and immunity. It is important to control these issues by design, testing, or purchasing to ensure continuing compliance in serial manufacture, and some suitable techniques were described earlier (section on choosing digital ICs).Manufacturers of sensitive or high-speed analogue parts (and data converters) often publish EMC or signal-to-noise application notes for circuit design and/or PCB layout. This usually shows they havesome care for the real needs of their customers, and may help tip the balance when making a purchasing decision.1.2.2 Preventing demodulation problemsMost of the immunity problems with analogue devices are caused by RF demodulation.Opamps are very sensitive to RF interference on all their pins, regardless of the feedback schemes employed (see Figure 3).All semiconductors demodulate RF. Demodulation is more common problem for analogue circuits, but can produce more catastrophic effects in digital circuits (when software gets corrupted).Even slow opamps will happily demodulate interference up to cellphone frequencies and beyond, as shown by the real product test results of Figure 4. To help prevent demodulation, analogue circuits need to remain linear and stable during interference. This is a particular problem for feedback circuits. Test the stability and linearity of the feedback circuit by removing all input and output loads and filters, then injecting very fast-edged (<1ns risetime) square waves into inputs (and possibly into outputs and power supplies, via small capacitors). The test signal amplitude is set so that the output pk-pk is about 30% maximum, to prevent clipping. The test signal’s fundamental frequency should be near the centre of the intended passband of the circuit.。

士郎当初跳高到底吸引了多少人

士郎当初跳高到底吸引了多少人
武士郎最初的跳高技术令人叹为观止，成为当时无人能及的技艺。

可
以说，武士郎当初跳高的表演实在给人留下了深刻的印象，吸引了许
多观众观看。

作为当时最受关注的表演之一，武士郎当初跳高到底吸引了多少人呢？
一、武士郎当初跳高吸引的观众：
1、跳高爱好者：武士郎勇于拼搏，勇敢尝试，吸引了许多跳高爱好者
前来观看，深受观众的钦佩。

2、运动员：不少职业运动员们也来观看，借鉴武士郎以及他的跳高技巧，吸收到了很多经验。

3、普通观众：除此之外，武士郎当初跳高也吸引了许多普通观众前来
观看，这些普通观众也体会到了跳高这项运动的有趣，从而掀起了跳
高热。

二、武士郎跳高受到的认可：
1、获得了广泛鼓励：在武士郎当初跳高的表演中，他所展现出的高超
技术受到了各方的赞赏，获得了广泛的鼓励。

2、受到了各种媒体的表彰：武士郎当初跳高的技术受到了许多各种媒体的表彰，进一步展现了他的艺术才能。

3、获得跳高名人的荣誉：不仅如此，武士郎当初跳高的表演还获得了跳高名人的荣誉，成为当时最受人们关注的表演之一。

总之，武士郎当初跳高到底吸引了远超他想象的人，让这一技术得到了很多各方的赞赏。

原ちとせ_精品文档

原ちとせ原ちとせ（はらちとせ），日本的知名女性歌手和词曲创作人，出生于1978年12月28日，神奈川县相模原市緑区寺家町出身。

原ちとせ是日本音乐界备受瞩目的实力派女歌手之一，以其深情的嗓音和独特的音乐风格而受到广大乐迷的喜爱。

早年经历原ちとせ在音乐界的早期经历开始于她参加并获得了“东芝乐器”赏的荣誉，这使她走上了音乐的道路。

后来，她在1996年以15岁的年龄出道，推出了她的首张单曲《飘零咲》，这首歌曲一经推出就取得了相当的成功，使原ちとせ的知名度大大提高。

音乐风格原ちとせ的音乐风格独特而多变，她的歌曲以抒情和慢节奏为主，充满了浓郁的情感。

她的歌声清澈而富有感染力，能够深深触动听众的心弦。

无论是激情洋溢的摇滚曲还是温柔动人的抒情歌，原ちとせ都能够将歌曲的情感表达得淋漓尽致。

成就作为一位实力派女歌手，原ちとせ收获了众多的音乐奖项和荣誉。

她曾获得了几次日本唱片大奖的提名，并赢得了几次新人奖和最佳女歌手奖。

她的专辑在日本音乐排行榜上取得了很高的销量，并且多次获得了冠军。

她也因其卓越的音乐贡献而被授予了日本音乐产业最高荣誉之一的“日本作曲家协会奖”。

代表作品原ちとせ的代表作品数不胜数，其中最受欢迎的包括以下几首：•《飘零咲》：这是原ちとせ的首张单曲，是她的音乐生涯的开端。

•《时の舞台》：这首歌曲被用作电视剧《东京爱情故事》的主题曲，大获成功。

•《樱花草》：这是原ちとせ的一首抒情歌曲，被广大听众誉为她最动人的作品之一。

•《Water Lily》：这首歌曲是原ちとせ的一首摇滚曲，展现了她的多样音乐风格。

个人生活原ちとせ一直将个人生活与公众分开，她很少公开谈论自己的个人生活和感情问题。

她一直专注于她的音乐事业，并致力于为听众创作和演唱优秀的歌曲。

虽然她的个人生活鲜为人知，但她的音乐才华却深深地打动了无数人。

结语原ちとせ是一位备受称赞的日本女歌手和词曲创作人，她以其深情的嗓音和独特的音乐风格征服了众多乐迷。

她的歌曲充满了感情和能量，能够打动人心。

1pondo

1pondo1pondo: Exploring the Realm of Japanese Adult EntertainmentIntroduction:Japan has long been known for its unique and diverse entertainment industry, which spans across various forms of media, from music and anime to television dramas and movies. However, one aspect of Japanese entertainment that has gained a significant following, even globally, is the adult entertainment industry. One popular name that stands out in this genre is 1pondo. In this document, we will dive into the world of 1pondo, exploring its history, offerings, and the reasons behind its success.Chapter 1: History of 1pondo:1.1 The Birth of 1pondo:Founded in 2005, 1pondo quickly became one of the leading adult entertainment websites in Japan. The website was created as a means to fulfill the desires and fantasies of adultcontent consumers, offering a wide range of adult videos featuring top Japanese AV actresses.1.2 Evolution of 1pondo:Over the years, 1pondo has evolved to stay ahead of the competition and adapt to changing consumer demands. The website has embraced technological advancements, ensuring high-quality streaming and an intuitive user interface. Additionally, the introduction of various subscription plans and interactive features has helped 1pondo maintain its position as a top player in the Japanese adult entertainment industry.Chapter 2: Content Offerings:2.1 Extensive Video Library:One of the key factors contributing to the popularity of1pondo is its extensive video library. With thousands of videos to choose from, the website caters to a wide range of interests and fetishes. From cosplay to BDSM, 1pondo ensures there is something for everyone.2.2 AV Actress Database:Alongside its vast video collection, 1pondo provides detailed information about each AV actress featured on the website. Users can explore profiles, biographies, and even connect with their favorite actresses through interactive features such as live chats and forums.Chapter 3: Quality and Innovation:3.1 High-Quality Video Production:1pondo ensures that the videos it hosts are of the highest quality, featuring professional production values and talented AV actresses. This commitment to quality has allowed the website to maintain its reputation as a reliable source for premium adult content.3.2 Interactive Features:To create a more engaging experience for its users, 1pondo offers interactive features such as live chats, user reviews, and a rating system. This not only allows users to express their opinions but also enables them to interact with like-minded individuals within the 1pondo community.Chapter 4: Cross-cultural Impact and Global Reach:4.1 International Appeal:While 1pondo primarily caters to a Japanese audience, its influence has transcended national boundaries. The popularity of Japanese AV actresses, combined with the allure of exotic fantasies, has attracted fans from various countries, making 1pondo a global platform for adult entertainment.4.2 Localization Efforts:Recognizing the demand from non-Japanese speakers,1pondo has made efforts to localize its platform. The website now offers multilingual support, including English translations for video titles and user interface elements. This has opened up new opportunities for international users to explore the world of Japanese adult entertainment.Chapter 5: Challenges and Future Outlook:5.1 Regulatory and Legal Challenges:As with any adult entertainment platform, 1pondo faces regulatory and legal challenges both in Japan and abroad. Stricter regulations and censorship laws place limitations on the content that can be produced and distributed, requiring 1pondo to continually adapt to meet these requirements.5.2 Embracing Technological Advancements:Looking towards the future, 1pondo aims to embrace technological advancements such as virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies have the potential to revolutionize the adult entertainment industry, providing users with more immersive experiences and personalized content recommendations.Conclusion:1pondo has established itself as a prominent player within the Japanese adult entertainment industry, offering a vast collection of high-quality videos and interactive features. Its cross-cultural appeal and efforts towards localization have enabled it to reach a global audience. As the industry continues to evolve, 1pondo will undoubtedly face new challenges and opportunities, but its commitment to innovation ensures its position as a leader in the realm of Japanese adult entertainment.。

人教版-七年级下册unit1Can you play the guitar 单元测

班级:________ 姓名:________ 整洁:________ 成绩:________ 日期:________Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?单元测试一、单项选择。

（每小题2分，共20分）( )1. Tim is ______ children. They all like him.A. good withB. good atC. good forD.good in ( )2. Those people can ______ Chinese.A. sayB. say toC. speakD. talk( )3. --Do you often play ______ piano?--Yes. I want to be ______ musician like Lang Lang.A. the；aB. a；theC. the；anD. an；the ( )4. --Can you speak Chinese, Steve?--Yes, only______. I have been in China for only onemonth.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little ( )5. Her brother ______ kung fu every day.A. isn’t doB. don’t doC. doesn’t doesD.doesn’t do( )6. I ______ a cup of tea.A. want toB. wantC. like toD.am like ( )7.Mrs. Green ______ buy a nice dress ______ her daughter.A. want；toB. wants to；forC. want to；forD. wants to; as( )8. Our teacher always helps us ______ our English.A. forB. intoC. onD. with( )9. --Can Amy play ________ drums?--Yes. And she can play ________ chess, too.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; 不填D. a; 不填( )10. --Mike, what’s your favorite subject, math ______ science?--Math.A. andB. orC. butD. so二、完型填空（每小题2分，共20分）Do you love music? Yes? Some boys and girls in Jing’an Middle School love music, too. 11 also have dreams (梦想) of being musicians. But their dreams are difficult to achieve (实现), 12 they have no money (钱) to 13 a piano, a guitar or a violin.Do you want 14 them? If you do, come and 15 us. We’ll have a great sale at Students’ Home in o ur school. 16 watches, clothes, schoolbags and many other things will be 17 sale here. We’ll use the money to help the 18 in Jing’an Middle School. We 19 buy pianos, guitars or violins for them, or give the money to them, and they can have music 20 .Our sale is from next Monday to Wednesday. We welcome all of you.( )11. A. We B. They C.You D. I( )12. A. and B. or C.because D. so( )13. A. play B. find C. buy D. show( )14. A. help B. helps C. helping D. to help( )15. A. join B. teach C.thank D. see( )16. A. RelaxingB. Big C.Tidy D. Nice( )17. A. in B. at C. on D. with( )18. A. teachers B. studentsC.boys D. girls ( )19. A. do B. don’t C. can D. can’t( )20.A. stories B. librariesC. partiesD. lessons三、阅读理解（每小题2分，共30分)AHello, I’m Peter. I come from Japan(日本). I can speak a little English andFrench (法语). But I can’t speak Chinese. Iget up at 6:00 and go to school at 7:30 in themorning. I like P.E. best at school. It is exciting. I don’t like math. I think it is difficult and boring. I want to visit China. I want to learn kung fu.My name is Jill. I come from the USA.I’m 13 years old. I go to school at 7:40 and Igo home at 5:00 in the afternoon. I havelunch at school. I like music best. It isrelaxing. I want to join the music club.I’m Mark. I’m from England. I canspeak English and a little French, but Ican’t speak Japanese. I like art and Iwant to join the art club. I also like math, because it is interesting and fun. I have a pen friend in China. His English name is Jack. I want to see him one day. ( )21. Peter can’t speak_______.A. EnglishB. ChineseC. JapaneseD. French ( )22. What subject does Jill like best?A. Art.B. Math.C. Music.D. English. ( )23. What club does Mark want to join?A. The art club.B. The English club.C. The music club.D. The basketball club.( )24. _______ comes from America.A. PeterB. JackC. MarkD. Jill( )25. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Jill has lunch at home.B. Peter can’t do kung fu.C. Mark has a pen friend in Japan.D. Mark doesn’t like math, but Peter does.BLin Hai is thirteen. He’s a student in a school in Tianjin. He gets an e-mail from Tom White. Tom is a student in the USA. Here is the e-mail.( )26. How old is Tom? A. Thirteen. B. Fourteen. C. Fifteen. D. Sixteen.( )27. There are _______ students in Tom’s class. A. 9 B. 11 C. 18 D. 20 ( )28. The underlined word “countries” means “_______” in Chinese.A. 家庭B. 社区C. 城市D. 国家( )29. From the e-mail, we can learn Tom _______.A. is in China nowB. wants to learn ChineseC. speaks French at schoolD. has some friends in France( )30. Which of the following is TRUE ?A. Tom can’t speak English well.B. Tom doesn’t like playing sports.C. Tom’s parents are from the USA.D. Tom wants to make some Chinese friends.C 请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，补全文章，使短文意思通顺，选项中有一处多余。

jpn是什么国家

JPN是日本的英文缩写，日本: JAPAN。

单个字母n不具有实际意义。

日本（Japan），全称日本国，位于亚洲东部、太平洋西北部，是一个高度发达的资本主义国家。

其国名取“日出之国”之意，领土由本州、四国、九州、北海道四大岛及7200多个小岛组成，总面积37.8万平方千米。

日本以大和民族为主体民族，通用日语，总人口为1.26亿。

公元3世纪中叶，其境内出现较大的国家“大和国”。

公元645年，日本向中国唐朝学习，进行大化改新。

12世纪后期，进入幕府时代。

1868年，日本又向欧美列强学习，进行明治维新，迅速跻身资本主义列强行列，对外逐步走上侵略扩张的军国主义道路，曾多次侵略中国、朝鲜等亚洲国家。

二战日本投降后，美国派军队占领日本。

1947年，颁布新宪法，由天皇制国家变为以天皇为国家象征的议会内阁制国家。

日本战后奉行“重经济、轻军备”路线，于20世纪60年代末一跃成为西方第二大经济强国。

90年代开始，其经济陷入长期低迷，并面临老龄化、少子化等严峻的社会问题，目前是世界第三大经济体。

日本资源匮乏并极端依赖进口，高度发达的工业是其国民经济的主要支柱。

其科学研发能力十分强大，拥有大量的著名跨国公司和科研机构，每年的科研经费约占GDP的3.1%，该比例位居发达国家榜首。

此外，以动漫产业为首的文化产业和发达的旅游业，也是日本的重要象征。

素以干净整洁而闻名于世的日本，在环保、垃圾处理等许多方面堪称典范，其国民普遍拥有良好的教育、生活水平和国民素质。

至今，这里仍较好地保存了着以茶道、花道、书道等为代表的日本传统文化。

Unit 1 基础达标卷2022-2023学年人教版英语七年级下册

Unit 1基础达标卷一、单项选择.(15分)1.-Can you play the violin?-_________ .But I can play the piano.A. Yes, I canB. No, I don'tC. No, I can'tD. Yes, I do2. He can draw. He wants to join the_________ club.A. sportsB. artC. musicD. swimming3.My sister can't sing_________ play the violin.A. andB. butC. orD. for4.-Can you_________ Chinese?-Yes, but_________.A. say; a littleB. speak; a littleC. speak; a lotD. say; a lot5.-Why do you want to stay at home?-Because I_________ good when I am with my family.A. smeltB. feelC. tasteD. sound6.- _________ do you want to join our club?-I want to learn swimming.A. HowB. WhatC. WhyD. How much7.Jim can_________ Chinese kung fu.A. doB. takeC. playD./8.Maybe Jack can_________ in our art club.A. beB. isC. areD. am9.Jeremy Lin is the first Chinese-American basketball_________ in the NBA. He is a little different from Yao Ming.A. dancerB. playerC. watcherD./10.Mr.Smith can help students with_________ basketball.A. playB. playingC. to playD. plays11.Bill wants to play_________ .Jenny wants to play_________ .A. football; drumB. a football; a drumC. football; the drumsD. the football; the drum12.-Is your friend a boy_________ a girl?-A boy.A. andB. orC. butD. as13.-What do you think of Oprah Winfrey?-I think he does well_________ talk shows. Many people like her.A. inB. onC. atD. with14.My brother_________ the trumpet and he plays it_________.A. can plays; goodB. can't play; goodC. can play; well.D. doesn't play; well15.Can he_________ it in English?A. speakB. speaksC. sayD. talk答案:1.C【解析】由but转折连词可知,应作否定回答.2.B【解析】绘画与艺术俱乐部相联系.3.C【解析】否定句中并列连词应用or.4.B【解析】说某种语言用speak, but表转折,依题意应为会说一点,故选B.5.B【解析】考查系动词辨析.句意为“你为什么想待在家里?因为我感觉和家人待在一起很好.”smell“闻起来”;feel“感觉,觉得”;taste“尝起来”;sound“听起来”.故选B.6.C【解析】答句表述的是原因,故用why来提问.7.A【解析】do Chinese kung fu 意为“会中国功夫”.8.A【解析】can是情态动词,后面跟动词原形.9.B【解析】考查词义辨析.dancer 意为“舞蹈家”;player“运动员”;watcher“注视者,观看者”.根据句意可知应为“篮球运动员”,故选B.10.B【解析】help-·with.··意为“帮助某人做某事”,with是介词,其后出现动词时用动名词.11.C【解析】球类和动词play之间不加冠词,play与乐器中间必须加定冠词the.12.B【解析】此句是选择疑问句,其构成是:一般疑问句＋or+并列成分.13.A【解析】do well in意为“擅长”.14.C【解析】can后用动词原形,play需用副词well修饰.15.C二、完形填空.(20分)Maria and Jim 1 sister and brother. They like music. Maria can play the piano. But she 2 play the violin. Jim can't play the piano. But he 3 play the violin. Today they 4 to carry(搬)a piano to 5 bedroom. 6 piano is heavy(重).They can't 7 it. 8 parents aren't at home. They can't help them to carry the piano. But they 9 a cousin Dave. He is here today. They ask Dave to 10 them.1.A.is B. am C. are D. be2.A.can B. can't C. doesn't D. does3.A.can B. can't C. doesn't D. does4.A.like B. want C. can D. take5.A.Maria B. she C. Maria's D. hers6.A.The B.A C./ D. An7.A.take B. carry C. help D. bring8.A.Maria's and Jim B. Maria and Jim's C. Maria's and Jim's D. They's9.A.have B. like C. want D. there aree B. go C. join D. join in答案:1.C【解析】主语为两个人,故谓语动词应用复数.2.B【解析】由but可知,此句表示一种转折关系,故用can't.3.A【解析】此句表示一种转折关系,故用can.4.B【解析】want to do sth意为“想要做某事”.5.C【解析】名词所有格后加s.6.A【解析】表示特指用定冠词the.7.B【解析】搬重物动词要用carry.8.B【解析】表示两人共有的东西时,其所有格需在后一个名词后加‘s.9.A【解析】表示“有”,且主语为复数,故用have.10.C【解析】join sb意为“加入某人”.三、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词.(10分)1. Amy likes music very much, and she wants to be a m_________.2.She wants to j_________ the chess club.3. He can play the g_________.ng Lang can play the p_________ very well.5.My grandpa is good at t_________ funny stories. I think he does well6.W_________ do you want to join us?7.Chinese _________ are very friendly.8.On w_________ I often go to a movie with my friends.9.The old man can't s_________ English.10.My parents buy two p_________ in the store.答案:1.musician2.join3.guitar4.piano5.telling6.Why7.people8.weekends9.speak 10.piahos四、用所给词的适当形式填空.(10分)1.Here_________ (be) a card for you.2.Can you speak_________ (Japan)?3.Can you help us_________ (write) a letter?4.Yao Ming is a famous basketball_________ (play).5.Would you like_________ (join) our school concert?6.I don't like singing or_________ (dance).7.Maybe you can_________ (be) in our school concert.8.-Can you play the_________ (drum)?-Sorry, I can't.9.My mother usually goes_________ (shop)with me.10.Can you come and join_________ (we) at the party this evening?答案:1.is2.Japanese3.(to) write4.player5. to join6.dancing7.be8.drums9.shopping 10,us五、根据汉语提示完成句子.(15分)1.这位母亲对孩子很有一套.The mother_________ very_________ _________ children.2.你能帮帮他的数学吗?_________ you_________ _________ _________ his math?3.你会说一点英语吗?_________ you speak_________ _________ English?4.刘先生擅长讲三种语言.Mr. Liu_________ _________ _________ speaking three languages.5.他想和我交朋友.He wants to_________ _________ with me.答案:1.is, good with2.can, help him with3.Can, a little4.is good at5.inake friends六、补全对话:在空白处填入适当的句子,使对话完整.(10分) A:1. ___________________________?B: I want to join the music club.A:2. ___________________________?B:I can play the guitar.A:3. ___________________________?B:Yes,I can play it well.A:4. ___________________________?B: Yes, but I can't play the drums well.A:5. ___________________________?B:Gina Green.A:How old are you?B:I'm thirteen.A:Good,come and join us.答案:1.What club do you want to join2.What can you do3.Can you play the guitar well4.Can you play the drums5.What's your name七、书面表达.(20分)你们学校要新成立一个俱乐部(可以是艺术俱乐部、音乐俱乐部、象棋俱乐部等),假如你是俱乐部的组织人员,你叫张林,请你写一份海报,号召同学们参加.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:Musicians Wanted for School Music ClubWe want five good musicians for our school music club. Can you sing? Can you dance? Can you play the guitar? Can you play the piano? Come and join us.Please call Zhang Lin at 631-5568 for more information.。

石黑一雄是谁

石黑一雄是谁石黑一雄（Ichio Ishikuro）是日本著名的小说家和作家，被认为是日本文学的重要代表之一。

他的作品涉及广泛的主题，从个人和家庭问题到政治和社会问题。

他以其细腻的叙述风格和对人类复杂内心世界的描绘而闻名。

石黑一雄于1924年3月30日出生在日本东京都的一个小地方。

他在青少年时期对文学产生了浓厚的兴趣，并在高中时期开始写作。

他在大学期间成为了一个青年作家团体的成员，并在1947年发表了他的处女作《夕暮れたちの季節》。

他的知名度直到1954年发表的小说《Nan到》才开始逐渐增加。

石黑一雄的作品风格独特，他善于通过细腻的描写和情感的抒发来勾勒出人物的内心世界。

他经常使用第一人称叙述的方式，使读者能够更好地听到人物的声音和思想。

他的作品常常关注个人的痛苦和迷茫，以及社会的压力和冲突。

他也关注家庭和亲密关系的问题，揭示了人们在这些关系中所经历的挣扎和困惑。

石黑一雄的作品还经常涉及政治和社会问题。

在他的小说中，他探讨了日本战后社会的变革和重建，揭示了社会的不公正和压迫。

他的作品《表示者》就是一个典型的例子，通过描绘一个社会福利机构的运作，探讨了官僚主义和对权力的滥用。

石黑一雄的作品获得了广泛的认可和赞誉，他多次获得了日本文学界的重要奖项，包括直木奖和谷崎润一郎奖。

他的作品也被翻译成多种语言，在国际上广为传播。

石黑一雄的作品对日本文学的发展和现代小说的形成产生了深远的影响，他被视为日本现代文学的巨匠之一。

虽然石黑一雄在1996年去世，但他的作品仍然深受读者喜爱，并继续对新一代作家产生影响。

他的小说不仅具有文学价值，更是一扇窥探人类内心世界的窗户，通过研究人类行为和情感揭示了人类的复杂性和无尽的探索。

石黑一雄以其深刻的思想和感人的故事留下了永恒的遗产，成为日本文学的宝贵财富。