初中宾语从句及练习题

初中宾语从句及练习题1、概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。

2、结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句。

主要内容：1、由that 引导的宾从：（1）当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

例句：Lin Tao feels (that)his own team is even better、（林涛觉得他自己的队伍越来越好了。

） He said (that)he would like to look after his mother、（他说他想去照顾他的妈妈。

）（2）在带有复合宾语的结构中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。

例句: I think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 、(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)（3）在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad，pleased，happy等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。

例句：我们确信我们队会赢这场比赛。

W e’re sure (that)our team will win 、（4）有些介词，如at,with, expect 等，可带that 引导的宾语从句。

2、 if / whether 引导的宾语从句当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。

Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。

例句：Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam、没有人知道他是否会通过考试、在以下情况下，whether和if 不可以替换：（1）在whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。

例句：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not、我不知道那个电影明星是否回来。

（2）在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导。

例句：Everything depends on whether we have enough time、所有的事情取决于我们是否拥有足够的时间。

（3)和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导、例句：We decided whether to walk there、我们决定是否走过来。

（4）在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week、我们讨论是否在下周开运动会议。

（5）有些形容词，如sure等，可用whether引导从句，不用if、例句：We are not sure whether they will come or not、我们不能肯定他们是否会来。

3、当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。

例句：Do you know what he said just now ? 你知道他刚才说了什么吗？I don’t remember when we arrived 、我不记得我什么时候到的。

I don’t know why he l ooks so sad、我不知道他为什么看起来如此悲伤。

I asked him where I could borrow so much money 、我问他我从那儿可以借到这么多钱。

Please tell me who (whom)we have to see 、请告诉我，我必须去看谁。

Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?你能告诉我们飞到海南要花费多少吗？Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?你能告诉我们你多久去国外度一次假？二、时态1、如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。

例句：我知道他住在那里。

I know he lives here 、我知道他年前就住在那里了。

I know he lived here ten years ago 、我已经听说他明天会来。

I have heard that he will come tomorrow 、2、如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。

如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。

我知道谁住在那里。

I knew he lived here、我看见她正在跟她妈妈谈话。

I saw she was talking with her mother、他说他已经见过她了。

He said that he had seen her 、3、当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。

老师说太阳围绕着地球转动。

The teacher said that the sun travels aroundthe earth、三、否定前移1、若主句的谓语动词是think ,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等后面宾语从句的否定要前移。

例句：I don’t think he will come with you、我觉得他不会和你一起来的。

2、宾语从句的反义疑问句：（1）主句主语为第一人称① 谓语为suppose , think , believe , expect , imagine 等词，与从句保持一致，并且要注意否定转移② 谓语为其他动词，与主句保持一致I suppose father’s sleeping , isn’t he ?I don’t think you are right , are you ?I said that I would come back soon , didn’t I ?2、主句主语为其他称，与主句保持一致 He said he wanted to go to the zoo , didn’t he ?4、宾语从句的虚拟语气1、“wish”后的宾语从句，虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”，宾语从句中的“that”通常可以省略。

(a)表示对现在事实的假设愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时。

主语+wish+从句（主语+过去式+…） I wish I were as young as you、（真希望我能和你一样年轻。

）How I wish it weren’t raining! （现在要是不下雨该多好啊！）(b) 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时。

主语+wish+从句（主语+had+过去分词+…）I wish I had been here last night、（我要是昨晚在这儿就好了。

）He wishes he hadn’t spent so much money、（他后悔不该花那么多钱。

）I wish I had learned more、（我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！）(c)表示对将来的不太可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用过去将来时。

主语+wish+从句（主语+would/could/might+动词原形）I wish I could fly to the moon one day 、（我希望有一天可以飞到月球上去。

）How she wishes her eyes would see again!（她多么希望双眼能重见光明啊！）wish&hopewish+从句，表示的是很难不可能实现的愿望，从句必须用虚拟语气。

h ope+从句，表示的是有可能实现的事实，从句不能用虚拟语气。

e 、g、He wishes his son would win the competition、他真希望他的儿子在竞赛中能够获胜。

（可惜获胜不了） He hopes thathis son will win the competition、他希望他儿子在竞赛中能够获胜。

（有可能获胜）2、表要求、建议、命令的宾语从句一个坚持（insist）两个命令（order, command ）三个建议（suggest,propose ,advise）四个要求（ask,demand,require,request）在这些动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用（should）+do（动词原形）。

在这类句型中只能用should，不可以用would， could，might等别的词代替。

而在现代英语中，should 常被省略。

特殊：动词insist和suggest后接宾语从句时若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气。

i nsist建议若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。

insist表明，认为e、g、He insisted that I had read his letter、 (他坚持说我看过他的信。

)He insisted that I (should)read his letter、 (他坚持要我看他的信。

)He suggested that we (should)stay for dinner、（他建议我们留下吃饭。

）His face suggested that he was angry、（他的脸色表明他生气了。

）3、would rather后的宾语从句would rather引导的的宾语从句，表示“宁愿、宁可”，语气较为委婉。

wouldrather/would sooner/had rather that过去发生过去完成时现在发生一般过去时将来发生一般过去时I would rather you hadn’t said it、（我真希望你没有这样说过。

） I would rather we had a rest now、（我希望我们现在休息一下、） I would rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning、（但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她、）宾语从句练习题练习一：（）1、Please tell me___ ___、 I have some good news for him、A、 where Robert livesB、 where does Robert liveC、 where Robert livedD、 where did Robert live（）2、 It is said that he was born in Canada、A、what he isB、when he was bornC、where he comes fromD、if he lives here（）3、 Come in, please、 But could you please tell me ______?A、 why you are late againB、 what were you doing thenC、 who you talked withD、 how do you came to school（）4、 Could you tell me________?A、 When will Mary come backB、 When Mary comes backC、 When Mary will come back （xx 青海省）（）5、I asked _______、A、 that I could open the doorB、 could I open the doorC、 how could I open the doorD、 how I could open the door （）6、On May12th,A、 when the earthquake took place in Wen ChuanB、 when did the earthquake take place in Wen ChuanC、 when the earthquake will take place in Wen Chuan 练习二XXXXX：1、Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _______、、A、 when UFOs will appear next timeB、 why do horses know the wayC、 where was this kind of plant foundD、 how do elephants communicate2、-What time will Mr、 Brown be back to China?--Sorry、I don’t know _______、、A、 when did he go abroadB、 why he is going abroadC、 how soon will he be backD、 how long he will stay abroad3、-Could you please tell me _______、 ?--Bus No、32 will take you right there、A、 where is Henan MuseumB、 what Henan Museum is likeC、 how can I get to Henan MuseumD、 which bus I shall take to Henan Museum4、Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______、、A、 where they have beenB、 where are theyC、 where are they fromD、 where they have gone5、-Do you know _______、 the Capital Museum?-Next Friday、A、 when will they visitB、 when they will visitC、 when did they visitD、 when they visited6、 He wanted to know _______、the English party、A、 when will we haveB、 when we will haveC、 when would we haveD、 when we would have7、 I want to know _______、、A、 when we should arrive at the airportB、 when should we arrive at the airportC、 when the airport we should arrive atD、 when the airport should we arrive at8、---David, look at the man in white over there、Can you tell me _______、 ?--He is a doctor、A、 who is heB、 who he isC、 what is heD、 what he is9、-Could you tell me _______、 ? He is wanted by the head teacher、-Sorry, I’ve no idea、 But he _______ here just now、A、 where Tim; wasB、 where is Tim; wasC、 where Tim is; wasD、 where Tim is; is10、-Did Mrs、 King leave a message?-Yes、 She wanted to know _______ this Sunday、A、 who you would go shoppingB、 if you would go shopping with herC、 that you will go shoppingD、 when will you go shopping with her11、---I’m a teenager’s mother、Sometimes I don’t know 、--Love and understanding、A、 what my son needs mostB、 what does my son want to getC、 why my son gets annoyed very oftenD、 why does my son get annoyed very often、12、---I wonder _______、 without water--About a week、A、 how long man can liveB、 how long can man liveC、 when man can liveD、 when can man live13、I dont know ___ they have passed the exam、A、 whatB、 ifC、 whenD、 where14、 I dont know _____ he still lives here after so many years、A、 whether B whereC、 whatD、when练习三：一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。