The Content of Modern Landscape Architecture Discipline and Its Forming Process

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景观建筑英语作文模板

景观建筑英语作文模板英文回答：Landscape Architecture: Defining and Enhancing the Human Experience。

Landscape architecture is a multidisciplinary fieldthat combines design, planning, and management to create and maintain sustainable outdoor environments. It encompasses a wide range of projects, including parks, gardens, urban streetscapes, playgrounds, and green spaces. The goal of landscape architecture is to enhance the human experience by creating functional, aesthetically pleasing, and ecologically sound spaces that promote well-being and connect people with nature.Core Principles of Landscape Architecture。

Design: Landscape architects use design principles to create aesthetically pleasing and functional environments.They consider factors such as form, space, scale, texture, and color to create harmonious compositions that meet the needs of users.Planning: Landscape architects plan and organize outdoor spaces to ensure their efficient and safe use. They consider factors such as circulation, accessibility, and resource management to create sustainable and inclusive environments.Management: Landscape architects manage outdoor spaces to maintain their aesthetic and functional integrity. They develop maintenance plans, select appropriate plant materials, and monitor environmental conditions to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of the landscape.Benefits of Landscape Architecture。

景观设计要素专业术语-英文大全

景观设计要素专业术语英文大全(喜欢请转）来源：邓卓迪的日志2.0001 园林学landscape architecture, garden ar—chitecture 2。

0002 造园学garden making，landscape garden-ing 2。

0003 环境园艺学environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture2.0005 园林艺术garden art2。

0006 园林美学garden aesthetics2。

0007 园林建筑学garden architecture2。

0008 园林建筑garden building2。

0009 园林工程garden engineering2。

0010 园林植物landscape plant2。

0011 观赏植物ornamental plant2。

0012 盆景miniature landscape, penjing2。

0013 园林garden and park2.0014 园林学史history of garden architecture2。

0015 园林规划garden planning，landscaping planning 2。

0016 园林设计garden design2。

0017 园林机具设备gardening machine2.0018 园林管理garden management2。

0019 园林生态landscape ecology2。

0020 绿化greening，planting2.0021 环境绿化environmental greening2。

0022 绿地面积green area2.0023 绿地率ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化factory greening，factory garden—ing 2.0026 街道绿化street greening，street planting2。

Landscape Architecture是“景观风景建筑学”吗？

Landscape Architecture是“景观/风景建筑学”吗？作者：王晓俊发表：《中国园林》1999(06):46-48摘要:英文Landscape Architecture是一个重要的专业术语，国内在对其理解和翻译上存在较大差异与分歧。

本文在对该术语的产生、该专业的渊源、主要专业内容和实践等几方面分析的基础上，认为国内与西方Landscape Architecture相对应的应是园林专业，其相应的译名应为“园林学”，而不是“××建筑学”。

关键词： Landscape Architecture；园林学；学科名称；理解与翻译Landscape Architecture是国际通用的学科代名词，国内对它已经不再陌生。

但是，从一些英汉词典、城规和建筑与园林等专业期刊和译著、国家发布的科技名词等出版物中出现的Landscape Architecture一词来看，对该名词术语的理解与翻译却存在较大差异与分歧，译名就有造园学、景观建筑学、风景建筑学、景园建筑学、园林建筑学、风景园林学、园林学等，有的词典甚至列出了“造园林建筑艺术”这样令人困惑的译名。

Landscape Architecture作为该学科国际通用的名词术语，在刚进入国内时出现众多的不同译法是可以理解的，但是，如果长期处于这种混乱之中，则对该学科的发展和交流是毫无益处的。

实际上，关于科技名词术语的统一问题早己引起了重视。

国家1985年成立了全国自然科学名词审定委员会，该委员会的林学名词审定委员会已于1989年颁布了《林学名词》(1989)作为行业规范名词，其中园林学词条的英文名称就多为Landscape Architecture。

尽管颁布已近十年，这种规定性与权威性并没有显现出来，混乱仍然存在。

关于科技名词术语的翻译，大多数情况下可以按字面含义来理解，例如ParkDesign就可以译为“公园设计”。

但是，有些词不能仅从字面上去理解，还要看所指的对象与所含的内容，翻译上还应注意通俗性以及与国内相应学科术语的对等性。

了解城市环境的作文英语

Growing up in the heart of a bustling city, Ive always been fascinated by the urban environment that surrounds me. The city, with its towering skyscrapers, vibrant street life, and the constant hum of activity, is a living, breathing entity that never sleeps. Its a place where the past and the present coexist, and where the natural and the manmade intertwine in a complex dance of survival and progress.My journey to understand the city environment began with the simple act of walking through its streets. Every corner held a story, every building a piece of history. The city is a mosaic of cultures, where people from all walks of life come together, creating a rich tapestry of diversity. I would often find myself lost in the labyrinth of alleyways, each one revealing a new aspect of the citys character.One of the most striking features of the city is its architecture. From the grandeur of the old colonial buildings to the sleek lines of modern skyscrapers, the cityscape is a testament to the ingenuity of human design.I remember the first time I saw the city from the top of a highrise building, the sprawling metropolis stretching out before me, a sea of lights and shadows. It was a sight that filled me with awe and a sense of the citys immense scale.But the city is not just about the buildings and the streets. Its also about the people who live here. The city is a melting pot of ideas, a place where creativity and innovation thrive. Ive met artists, musicians, writers, and entrepreneurs who are all contributing to the citys vibrant culture. They are the heartbeat of the city, the driving force behind its constant evolution.However, the city environment also has its challenges. Pollution, traffic congestion, and the lack of green spaces are issues that many urban dwellers face. Ive seen the effects of pollution firsthand, the smog that hangs over the city on certain days, the litter that accumulates in the streets. Its a stark reminder of the impact that human activity can have on the environment.But despite these challenges, the city continues to adapt and evolve. There are efforts to make the city more sustainable, to create green spaces, and to reduce pollution. Ive seen community gardens spring up in unexpected places, rooftop gardens that turn concrete jungles into urban oases. Ive seen people come together to clean up the streets, to make the city a better place for everyone.In understanding the city environment, Ive come to appreciate its complexity and its resilience. Its a place of contrasts, where the old and the new, the natural and the manmade, coexist in a delicate balance. Its a place that challenges us, that inspires us, and that, ultimately, shapes us.As I continue to explore the city, to walk its streets and to meet its people, I am constantly learning and growing. The city is a living classroom, a place where I can observe, experience, and understand the world around me. Its a place that has become an integral part of who I am, and a place that I will continue to explore and understand for years to come.。

基于自然人文资源的国土空间人居环境空间识别及结构优化探讨——以云南省红河州为例

coordination of landscape construction. It is concluded that based on the protection and utilization of natural and cultural resources and the needs of national spatial control, multiple factors are comprehensively considered to construct a comprehensive human settlement environment structure.Key words national land space; human settlement; natural and human resources; space identification ，structure optimization0 引言国土空间与人居环境密不可分[1]，在强调生态系统性保护和建设全域美丽国土的背景下，人居环境的整体提升与自然人文环境的统筹考虑必然成为重要的战略内容。

由于大量自然人文资源与城乡建设空间交织存在，而且包含多样的人类活动，无法仅根据保护范围对自然人文资源进行单一保护，也无法忽略交织地带的城乡建设需求。

因此，对自然人文资源与人口密集地区的交织空间进行科学识别和问题分析，有助于厘清不同地域自然人文空间与人居特点的复杂性和特殊性，从而促进区域战略空间结构优化。

文章尝试建构面向全域国土空间的自然人文资源与人居环境的空间关联分析体系，有针对性地识别人居环境空间类型，并提出结构优化路径，准确引导后续空间管控策略的制定。

1 研究背景、研究思路、数据来源与研究方法1.1 研究背景红河州地处云南省东南部，北靠昆明市，东接文山州，西北部与玉溪市为邻，西南部与普洱地区相接，南与越南摘要目前的国土空间“三区三线”管控难以准确测度和反映国土空间自然与人居特点的复杂性和特殊性。

the urban landscape听力

the urban landscape听力【释义】the urban landscape城市景观【短语】1demonstrated in the urban landscape表现在城市景观;展示城市景观的2The urban landscape planning城市夜景规划3the urban landscape renewal城市景观恢复4in the urban landscape城市之间5the urban landscape design城市景观设计6Greening The Urban Landscape城市景观绿化7Trees in the Urban Landscape书名8reorganization of the urban landscape景观组成方案9The Modern Urban Landscape现代都市地景10the urban zonal landscape城市带状景观【例句】1The urban landscape of common foliage plants.是城市园林绿化中常见的观叶植物。

2The spacious deck terrace offers nice views of the urban landscape.开阔的甲板露台为住户提供绝佳的城市景观。

3But the urban landscape also functions as an economic differentiator.城市景观也会在经济方面起作用。

4The most attractive feature of the urban landscape is brilliant summation.城市景观特色是对城市魅力最精彩的概括。

5The urban sculpture is one of the critical ingredients of the urban landscape.城市雕塑是城市景观的重要组成部分。

基于生态理念的现代园林景观设计研究

山东农业工程学院学报2018年第35卷第4期现代城市中心的园林景观不仅是城市人群呼吸的氧气,还代表了城市艺术文化的修养。

因此,设计园林景观的理念要更贴近于大自然,怀着“城市中心的氧气”这种想法去设计,人们更乐于在此场所多停留、玩耍[2]。

而目前,大多数的园林景观设计平凡,重复,且生态环境还极差,导致人们迫切需要一个新的园林景观。

那么如何设计新的呢?成为了不少园林景观设计者的困境。

1.如何正确的规划生态理念生态设计主要内容就是把现代景观设计理念融入到大自然中的动植物、地势、水源中,利用其自然生态的景象,作为设计中的景观,实现人与大自然协和共处。

其次,在进行生态设计的同时,也要对社会经济、自然等宏观信息,进行全面了解。

但是,也不能偏离现代园林的现代化,由此,设计师必须参考现代人的需求及审美情趣进行设计,作品以自然、保护生态环境为主,同时又要具备生活功能与观赏价值,以达到改善居住环境和提高人们生活品位的最终目的。

园林景观的生态设计是设计师把人们对形式美的追求引向大自然,让人们与大自然和谐共处,并利用大自然的生态缓解身心压力的同时,意识到生态环境对自己生存的重要性,从而学会保护大自然[2]。

现代园林景观设计则比较尊重大自然规律,最大限度地把影响环境的设计手法和景观元素删减,换作大自然生态环境,以此来保护整个自然生态系统的完整性。

保护不可再生资源,减少能耗,循环利用资源,促进资源再生是现代园林景观设计的基本理念。

例如,以林地取代人工种植的草坪、以地方性树种取代国外品种的森林园艺[3]。

尽可能地保持自然生物的生物圈,例如,树苗生长不使用化肥、草生长的茂盛采用人工割除的方式,也不使用除草剂。

顺应自然,呈现景观的自然美。

2.现代园林景观的设计原则2.1尊重自然环境的生态大自然无论什么物种都具有合理的生态形式,使它们依偎生存,且这一切都以尊重大自然循环发展的结果。

因此,构建一个现代园林,就必须遵循顺应自然、保护自然、尊重自然等原则。

城市规划专业课程简介(专业必修)

城市规划专业课程简介(专业必修)课程名称：城市规划原理英文名称：Principium of City Planning总学时：48 学时理论学时：48学时学分：3课程内容：该课程介绍了城市的形成与发展简史、城市规划学科的形成与发展、城市规划工作的内容和阶段划分、城市的性质和城市人口、城市用地、城市各组成要素的规划布局、居住区规划设计、城市公共活动中心的规划设计等。

参考书：《城市规划原理》等各种相关书籍和各种相关期刊。

选课对象: 城市规划及相关专业学生课程名称：城市规划管理与法规英文名称：administration statute in urban planning总学时：32学时理论学时：32学时学分：2课程内容：通过本课程的学习培养既掌握城市规划专业和相关的理论知识，又掌握城市规划行政管理学和城市规划法，了解相关法律、法规及技术规范的高级人才；树立起城市规划工作的法治观念。

参考书：《城市规划管理与法规》等各种相关书籍和各种相关期刊。

选课对象: 城市规划及相关专业学生课程名称：城市园林绿地规划英文名称：Principle of city landscape planning总学时：32学时理论学时：32学时学分：2课程内容：把“城市园林”作为产业来完整、宏观的进行审视，配合城市规划设计的进程以及作为规划审视的参考。

同时对城市园林管理的各个细节进行了微观上的剖析。

参考书目：《城市园林规划》等各种相关书籍和各种相关期刊。

选课对象：城市规划及相关专业学生课程名称：城市道路交通英文名称：Urban Road Traffic总学时：48学时理论学时：48学时学分：3学分课程内容：通过本课程的学习，使学生了解道路与交通在城市中所起的重要作用，能对城市的交通进行系统分析并提出合理的规划，完成城市道路网规划和设计。

主要内容有：城市道路交通分析、城市交通规划与路网规划、城市道路横断面设计、城市道路平面与纵断面设计、城市道路交叉口设计、城市道路公用设施、城市道路交通控制与管理。

广州近代建筑饰面的主要类型及特点初探

张学严郑力鹏（华南理工大学，广东广州510640）ZHANG Xue-yang, ZHENG Li-peng（South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China）广州近代建筑饰面的主要类型及特点初探The Main Types and Characteristics of Modern Architectural Facing in Guangzhou摘要：广州近代建筑遗存众多，类型多样，建筑饰面更是异彩纷呈，构成了广州独具特色的城市历史风貌，近代建筑饰面的研究对于延续广州城市历史景观有着重要意义。

在现场调研、测绘图纸和相关文献史料的收集整理基础上，梳理了广州近代建筑饰面的主要类型及其运用情况，从中揭示了广州近代建筑饰面的风格特征、地域特征、时代特征和技术特征，希望对当今的各类建筑饰面设计有所启示，从而更好地延续广州城市历史景观。

Abstract: Guangzhou has many different types of modern architectural heritage, which has multiple building facing types.The diverse facing constitutes the unique city historical style of Guangzhou. The study of modern architectural facing has a great influence on the continuation of historical landscape in Guangzhou.By using the methods of spot investigation, mapping drawings and relevant document ’s collection,we categorized main facing types and application. Through the analysis of typical characteristics, the research aim to find out some enlightenment for today ’s facing design, so as to be a better continuation of Guangzhou city historical landscape.Key words: Guangzhou; Modern architecture; Building facing关键词：广州；近代建筑；建筑饰面中图分类号：TU986文献标志码：A文章编号：1671-2641(2017)02-0021-06 收稿日期：2017-03-06修回日期：2017-03-23广州作为近代大都市的典型代表，近代建筑遗存众多，在秉承岭南传统装饰工艺砖石雕作、木雕、灰塑等的基础上，发展出了多样的建筑饰面，如清水砖墙饰面、石材饰面、拉毛粉刷饰面、水刷石饰面、水磨石饰面、面砖饰面等，各类饰面异彩纷呈，构成了广州独具特色的城市历史风貌。

现代建筑文化英语作文

现代建筑文化英语作文Modern architectural culture is a reflection of the values and ideologies of our society. It encompasses the design, construction, and appreciation of buildings that define our contemporary urban landscapes. From skyscrapers to sustainable eco-friendly structures, modern architecture is a testament to human ingenuity and innovation.One of the key features of modern architectural cultureis its emphasis on functionality and efficiency. Gone are the days of ornate and elaborate designs; instead, architects prioritize practicality and usability in their creations. This shift towards minimalism and simplicity is a response to the demands of our fast-paced and technology-driven world.Another defining aspect of modern architectural cultureis sustainability. With the growing awareness of environmental issues, architects are now incorporating eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient designs into their projects. The result is a landscape of buildings that not only serve their intended purposes but also minimize their impact on the planet.Furthermore, modern architectural culture is characterized by a celebration of diversity and inclusivity. Architects are increasingly mindful of the need to create spaces that are accessible to people of all abilities and backgrounds. This inclusive approach not only fosters a sense of community but also promotes social equality and understanding.In addition, the influence of technology on modern architectural culture cannot be overstated. The development of advanced building materials and construction techniques has revolutionized the way architects envision and realize their designs. From 3D printing to parametric modeling,technology has opened up new possibilities for creating structures that were once thought to be impossible.In conclusion, modern architectural culture is a dynamic and evolving field that reflects the values and aspirationsof our society. From its emphasis on functionality and sustainability to its celebration of diversity and technological innovation, modern architecture continues to shape the way we live and interact with our built environment. It is an exciting time to be a part of this ever-changing culture, as architects continue to push the boundaries ofwhat is possible in the world of design and construction.。

中国建筑景观英语作文高中

中国建筑景观英语作文高中标题，Exploring the Beauty of Chinese Architectural Landscapes。

China, a country with a rich history spanning thousands of years, boasts a diverse array of architectural landscapes that reflect its cultural heritage and artistic prowess. From the ancient wonders of the Great Wall to the modern marvels of skyscrapers in Shanghai, Chinese architecture is a testament to the nation's ingenuity and craftsmanship. In this essay, we will delve into the captivating world of Chinese architectural landscapes, exploring their significance, evolution, and enduring allure.First and foremost, Chinese architectural landscapes serve as tangible expressions of the country's cultural identity and historical legacy. The Forbidden City in Beijing, with its majestic palaces and intricate pavilions, stands as a symbol of imperial power and grandeur, evokinga sense of awe and reverence among visitors. Similarly, the classical gardens of Suzhou embody the harmony between man and nature, showcasing meticulous design principles that have been passed down through generations.Moreover, Chinese architecture reflects the country's profound philosophical beliefs and spiritual traditions. Traditional Chinese temples, such as the Shaolin Temple and the Temple of Heaven, embody the principles of balance, symmetry, and cosmic order, serving as places of worship and contemplation for centuries. These architectural masterpieces are not merely structures built forutilitarian purposes but sacred spaces imbued with cultural significance and spiritual resonance.Furthermore, Chinese architectural landscapes have evolved over time, adapting to changing socio-economic and technological contexts. While ancient structures like the Great Wall and the Terracotta Army bear witness to China's early engineering achievements, modern landmarks such as the Bird's Nest Stadium and the Oriental Pearl Tower showcase the country's embrace of innovation and modernity.The juxtaposition of ancient traditions and contemporary design elements reflects China's dynamic nature and its aspirations for the future.In addition to their cultural and historical significance, Chinese architectural landscapes also contribute to the country's tourism industry and economic development. Iconic landmarks like the Forbidden City and the Great Wall attract millions of domestic and international tourists each year, generating revenue and employment opportunities for local communities. Moreover, the preservation and restoration of historical sites and heritage buildings contribute to sustainable tourism practices, ensuring that future generations can continue to appreciate and learn from China's architectural heritage.Despite the challenges of urbanization and modernization, the beauty and significance of Chinese architectural landscapes endure. Through careful preservation efforts and innovative design approaches, China continues to celebrate its architectural heritage while embracing the opportunities of the 21st century. Fromthe ancient wonders of the past to the cutting-edge skyscrapers of the present, Chinese architecture remains a source of inspiration and admiration for people around the world.In conclusion, Chinese architectural landscapes represent a unique fusion of history, culture, and innovation. From ancient temples and palaces to modern skyscrapers and stadiums, these architectural marvels reflect China's rich heritage and dynamic spirit. By exploring and appreciating the beauty of Chinese architecture, we gain insights into the country's past, present, and future, enriching our understanding of one of the world's most fascinating civilizations.。

之前的建筑和现代建筑英语作文

之前的建筑和现代建筑英语作文In the past, architecture was primarily focused on functionality and practicality. Buildings were designed to serve a specific purpose, whether it was a place of worship, a residence, or a public space. However, with the advent of modern architecture, the emphasis has shifted towards aesthetics and innovation. In this essay, we will explore the differences between traditional and modern architecture, highlighting the key features and characteristics of each.Traditional architecture, also known as vernacular architecture, refers to the style of construction that is rooted in a particular region or culture. It is often influenced by the available materials, climate, and local traditions. Traditional buildings are characterized by their use of natural materials such as wood, stone, and clay. They are also known for their simplicity and functionality, with designs that are well-suited to their purpose.One notable example of traditional architecture is the ancient Chinese pagoda. These structures, often found in Buddhist temples, are built with wooden frames and multiple tiers. The pagoda's design is based on the principles of balance and harmony, with each tier becoming smaller as it reaches the top. This creates a sense of elegance and grandeur, while also serving as a place of worship and meditation.In contrast, modern architecture is characterized by its innovative and experimental approach. Architects are no longer bound by traditional styles and materials, allowing them to explore new possibilities and push the boundaries of design. Modern buildings often feature unconventional shapes, materials, and construction techniques. They prioritize aesthetics and visual impact, often creating iconic landmarks that define a city's skyline.One iconic example of modern architecture is the Sydney Opera House in Australia. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, the Opera House is renowned for its unique sail-like structure. The building's design was inspired by the natural elements of the harbor, with each sail representing a different function within the complex. The OperaHouse is not only a world-class performing arts venue but also a symbol of modernity and architectural excellence.While traditional architecture focuses on preserving cultural heritage and reflecting local traditions, modern architecture seeks to break away from the past and embrace the future. It embraces technological advancements and incorporates sustainable design principles. Modern buildings often prioritize energy efficiency, use of eco-friendly materials, and integration with the surrounding environment.One example of sustainable modern architecture is the Bosco Verticale in Milan, Italy. Designed by Stefano Boeri, this residential complex features vertical forests, with trees and plants integrated into the building's facade. The greenery helps to improve air quality, absorb carbon dioxide, and provide a natural habitat for birds and insects. The Bosco Verticale is a prime example of how modern architecture can contribute to environmental sustainability.In conclusion, traditional and modern architecture represent two distinct approaches to design. Traditional architecture emphasizes functionality, simplicity, and cultural heritage, while modern architecture focuses on innovation, aesthetics, and sustainability. Both styles have their merits and contribute to the rich tapestry of architectural history. As we continue to evolve, it is important to appreciate and learn from the past while embracing the possibilities of the future.。

西溪建筑的英文介绍

西溪建筑的英文介绍West Lake ArchitectureWest Lake is a renowned scenic spot in Hangzhou, China, attracting millions of visitors every year. The architecture surrounding West Lake is an essential part of its charm and history. The buildings in the West Lake area showcase a unique blend of traditional Chinese architecture and modern design elements, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of the region.One of the most iconic buildings near West Lake is the Leifeng Pagoda, a five-story tower originally built in the year 975 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The pagoda has been rebuilt several times over the centuries and now stands as a symbol of Hangzhou's long history and cultural significance. The Leifeng Pagoda offers panoramic views of West Lake and the surrounding mountains, making it a popular destination for tourists and locals alike.Another notable architectural landmark near West Lake is the Broken Bridge, which is a symbol of love and separation in Chinese folklore. The Broken Bridge connects the Bai and Su causeways and offers stunning views of West Lake and the surrounding scenery. The bridge is a popular spot for couples to visit and is often featured in local artwork and literature.In addition to these historical landmarks, the West Lake area is also home to a variety of modern buildings that showcase innovative design and architecture. The West Lake Cultural Square, for example, is a contemporary cultural complex that hosts art exhibitions, performances, and other cultural events. The square's sleek, modern architecture contrasts with the traditional buildings of the area, creating a dynamic and vibrant atmosphere.Overall, the architecture surrounding West Lake is a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity, reflecting the region's rich history and cultural diversity. Whether visiting the ancient Leifeng Pagoda, strolling across the iconic Broken Bridge, or exploring thecontemporary structures of the West Lake Cultural Square, visitors to West Lake are sure to be impressed by the architectural wonders that grace this picturesque destination.。

现代与古代建筑英语作文

现代与古代建筑英语作文Modern architecture is all about sleek lines, minimalism, and cutting-edge technology. It's all about using new materials and innovative designs to create buildings that are both functional and visually stunning.On the other hand, ancient architecture is all about grandeur, intricate details, and timeless beauty. It's about using traditional materials and craftsmanship to create buildings that stand the test of time and hold a deep cultural and historical significance.Modern architecture often focuses on efficiency and sustainability, with a strong emphasis on using eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient designs. It's all about creating buildings that not only look good, but also have a minimal impact on the environment.In contrast, ancient architecture often reflects the values and beliefs of the society that created it. It'sabout using architecture to express power, spirituality,and cultural identity, with buildings often serving as symbols of a civilization's achievements and aspirations.Modern architecture is often characterized by its useof glass, steel, and concrete, creating buildings that are sleek, minimalist, and often futuristic in appearance. It's all about pushing the boundaries of what is possible and reimagining the way we live and work.Ancient architecture, on the other hand, is often characterized by its use of natural materials such as stone, wood, and clay, creating buildings that are rich in texture, color, and detail. It's about celebrating the beauty of the natural world and creating harmonious spaces that aredeeply connected to the surrounding environment.In conclusion, both modern and ancient architecturehave their own unique characteristics and appeal. While modern architecture is all about innovation and pushing the boundaries of what is possible, ancient architecture is about celebrating tradition, culture, and the timelessbeauty of the natural world. Both have their own place in the world of architecture and continue to inspire and influence designers and builders today.。

景观作文万能模板英文高中

景观作文万能模板英文高中Landscape Essay Template。

Introduction。

The beauty of landscapes has always been a source of inspiration for artists, poets, and writers. From the majestic mountains to the serene lakes, landscapes have the power to evoke emotions and create a sense of wonder. In this essay, we will explore the significance of landscapes and their impact on our lives.Paragraph 1: Definition of Landscapes。

A landscape can be defined as the visible features of an area of land, including natural elements such as mountains, rivers, and forests, as well as human-made elements such as buildings and roads. Landscapes can vary greatly in their appearance, from the rugged terrain of a desert to the lush greenery of a tropical rainforest.Paragraph 2: Importance of Landscapes。

Landscapes play a crucial role in shaping the environment and influencing the way people interact with their surroundings. They provide habitats for a diverse range of plant and animal species, and they also offer recreational opportunities for people to enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and photography.Paragraph 3: Cultural and Historical Significance。

英文词汇-方案篇(景观)

方案篇：⏹封面、目录景观设计概念方案………………………LANDSCAPE DESIGN CONCEPT目录…………………………………………………………………CONTENTS⏹总体设计篇…………………OVERALLDESIGN设计理念（项目定位）………PROJECT DIRECTION 现代中式………………………………………………MODERN CHINESE STYLE意大利台地园……………………………………ITALIAN TERRACED GARDEN现代简约欧式………………………………………MODERN WESTERN-STYLE公园住宅……………………………………………………LIVING IN THE PARK国际性…………………………………………………INTERNATIONAL APPEAL宁静…………………………………………………………………………QUIET优雅/典雅………………………………………………………………ELEGANT精致………………………………………………………………………REFINED 自然………………………………………………………………………NATURE唯美……………………………………………………………………AESTHETIC人性化…………………………………………………………………HUMANITYART DECO……………………………ARTISTIC、DECORATIVE、GEOMETRIC 绿色…………………………………………………………………………GREEN生态……………………………………………………………………ECOLOGY健康…………………………………………………………………………HEALTH静听山水………………………………………………LISTENING LANDSCAPE现代………………………………………………………………………MODERN典雅欧式…………………………………………ELEGANT EUROPEAN-STYLE简约…………………………………………………………………………SIMPLE丰富…………………………………………………………………………VARIED设计说明……………………DESIGN DESCRIPTION 正门……………………………………………………………MAIN ENTRANCE前厅…………………………………………………………………………LOBBY1 / 24客厅………………………………………………………………LIVING ROOM内院…………………………………………………………………INNER COURTYARD后花园…………………………………………………………………BACKYARD中轴对称景观……………………………………SYMMETRIC LANDSCAPE四大主题庭院…………………………………FOUR THEME LANDSCAPE漏窗景墙………… WITH DECORATIVE ORNAMENTAL FEATURES 意向图…………………………………………IMAGES总平面图………………………………MASTER PLAN主入口广场和廊架…………………MAIN ENTRANCE PLAZA AND CANOPY 小区主入口/次入口……………………PRIMARY/SECONDARY ENTRANCE商业街……………………………………………………COMMERCIAL STREET入口标志性景墙…………………………ENTRY SIGNAGE FEATURE WALL 扶手电梯……………………………………………………………ESCALATOR阳光草坪……………………………………………………………LAWN AREA树阵广场…………………………………………………………BOSQUE PLAZA休闲活动区………………………………………………………ACTIVITY AREA 挡土墙…………………………………………………………RETAINING WALL泳池……………………………………………………………SWIMMING POOLLOGO字体…………………………………………………SIGN CHARACTER 水景………………………………………………………………WATER FEATURE艺术长廊……………………………………………………………ART GALLERY儿童游乐场………………………………………CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND2 / 242 / 24景观草坪……………………………………………………………………LAWN 平台……………………………………………………………………PLATFORM 组团节点水景………………………………………GROUP WATER FEATURE 木平台………………………………………………………………WOOD DECK 休闲平台…………………………………………SITTING AREA LEISURE PLATFORM 欧式花园…………………………………………………EUROPEAN GARDEN 垃圾房…………………………………………………………… TRASH ROOM 地下车库出入口……………………………UNDERGROUND PARKING ENTRANCE 私家花园………………………………………………………PRIVATE GARDEN 下沉庭院………………………………………………………SUNKEN GARDEN 公共客厅…………………………………………………PUBLIC LIVING ROOM 物业用房………………………………………………………MAINTENANCE ROOM 模纹水景……………………………………PARTERRE PATTERN WATER FEATURE 涌泉水景………………………………………………. FOUNTAIN 消防应急出入口…………………………………………FIRE ENGINE ACCESS 欧式景观灯柱……………………………………………EUROPEAN STYLE LAMPPOST 模纹花坛……………………………………………………MODE FLOWER BED 树阵……………………………………………………………………..BOSQ UE 采光井………………………………………………………… LIGHT WELL(S) 镜面水景……………………………………………… REFLECTING POOL 儿童活动区………………………………………CHILDREN ’S PLAYGROUND 观景平台…………………………………………………VIEWING PLATFORM 八角亭…………………………………………………OCTAGONAL PAVILION 模纹草坪………………………………………………… PARTERRE LAWN 景墙………………………………………………………………FEATURE WALL 雕塑…………………………………………………………………SCULPTURE 门卫室……………………………………………………………GUARD HOUSE 慢跑道……………………………………………………………JOGGING TRAIL 廊架………………………………………………………………………CANOPY成人活动区………………………………………………ADULT ACTIVITY AREA河滨出入口………………………………………………RIVERSIDE ENTRANCE老人活动区………………………………………………ELDERLY ACTIVITY AREA景观主轴道路……………………………………………PRINCIPAL AXIS ROAD沙滩…………………………………………………………………………BEACH溪流………………………………………………………………………STREAM音乐喷泉……………………………………………………MUSICAL FOUNTAIN高尔夫果岭…………………………………………… PUTTING GREEN(S)动态水景…………………………………………DYNAMIC WATER FEATURE(S)喷水景墙……………………………………………………… SPRAY WALL跌水花钵……………………………………………WATER-FALL FLOWER POT聚会广场……………………………………………………………PARTY PLAZA欧式廊柱……………………………………………………EUROPEAN PILLAR(S)中式铜鼎……………………………………………CHINESE BRONZE TRIPOD坡道…………………………………………………………………………RAMP入户平台…………………………………………………ENTRANCE PLATFORM种植区…………………………………………………… PLANTING AREA(S)停车场………………………………………………………………PARKING LOT抱鼓……………………………………………………………………THE DRUM隐形消费车道…………………………………HIDDEN FIRE ENGINE ACCESS机动车出入口……………………………………MOTOR VEHICLE ENTRANCE旗杆…………………………………………………………………FLAGPOLE跑道…………………………………………………………………………TRACK沙池…………………………………………………………………JUMPING PIT洗手池………………………………………………………………WASH BASIN无障碍通道…………………………………………………HANDICAP ACCESS游客区……………………………………………… TOURIST AREA(S)3 / 24光庭院……………………………………………………………COURTYARD石庭院……………………………………………………………STONE GARDEN竹庭院………………………………………………………BAMBOO GARDEN 风庭院……………………………………………………………WIND GARDEN月洞门……………………………………………………………PORTAL MOUTH文化景点-火灯笼……………CULTURAL ATTRACTION(S) –FIRE LANTERN(S)文化景点-印章………………………………… CULTURAL –SEAL文化景点-佛像…………………………………………...CULTURAL –BUDDHA折桥……………………………………………………………FOLDING BRIDGE拱桥…………………………………………………………………ARCH BRIDGE水上广场…………………………………………………………PLAZA NEAR THE WATER历史文化广场……………………………HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PLAZA历史文化墙………………………………HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL WALL 特色跌水…………………………………………………………….WATER-FALL艺术小品………………………………………………………………ART PIECE(S)休闲茶座………………………………………………………………TEAHOUSE跌级水景………………………………………………………………..CASCADE旱喷………………………………………………………………INTERMITANT FOUNTAIN绿篱…………………………………………………………………………HEDGE入口展示广场………………………………………………..ENTRANCE PLAZA楼梯……………………………………………………………………STAIRCASE特色铺地广场……………………………………………………………….PLAZA天桥……………………………………………………………………OVERPA SS灯饰雕塑…………………………………..DECORATIVELY LIT SCULPTURE屋顶花园…………………………………………………………ROOF GARDEN宅间景观区…………………………………………………NDSCAPE AREA木栈道…………………………………………………………WOOD WALKWAY森林…………………………………………………………………………FOREST回车场……………………………………………………………ROUND3 / 24ABOUT互动喷泉戏水池……………………………………..INTERACTIVE FOUNTAIN幽香庭院…………………………………………………FRAGRANT GARDEN 漂浮栽植槽………………………………………………..FLOATING PLANTER曲桥……………………………………………………………CURVED BRIDGE标志巨石…………………………………………………………MARKER STONE登山步道…………………………………………………………HILLSIDE TRAIL特色灯笼………………………………………………………FEATURE LANTERN古典花窗…………………………………………CLASSICAL ROSE WINDOW 网球场……………………………………………………………TENNIS COURT旱溪…………………………………………………………………DRY STREAM涂鸦墙……………………………………………………………GRAFFITI WALL市政绿化带……………………………………………MUNICIPAL GREEN BELT银杏大道………………………………………………………GINKGO AVENUE风水球………………………………………………………SPHERE FOUNTAIN驳岸……………………………………………………………………REVETMENT沙滩防风林带……………………………………………BEACH WINDBREAKS无边际泳池………………………………………………………INFINITY POOL钢构架………………………………………………………………STEEL FRAME配电用房……………………………………………………DISTRIBUTION SPACE交通岛……………………………………………………………TRAFFIC ISLAND造浪池………………………………………………………………WAVE POOL水上滑梯…………………………………………………………..WATER SLIDE泡泡池………………………………………………………………BUBBLE FOUNTAIN张拉膜…………………………………………………TENSILE STRUCTURE无边泳池………………………………………………………….INFINITY POOL4 / 24喷水雕塑…………………………………………………SPRAY SCULPTURE 苗木总平面图……………SOFTSCAPE MASTER PLAN售楼部入口景观……………………………………SALES AREA LANDSCAPE镜湖…………………………………………………………………REFLECTING POND疏林草坪………………………………………………………….SHADED LAWN运动站………………………………………………………… EXERCISE AREA步入式电梯大堂…………………………………………………ELEVATOR ENTRANCE教学活动场地……………………………………………TEACHING GROUND 幼儿园车行出入口…………………KINDER GARDEN VEHICULAR ENTRY幼儿园人行出入口…………………KINDER GARDEN PEDESTRIAN ENTRY 休闲空间……………………………………………………………REST SPACE中央草坪………………………………………………………CENTRAL LAWN下沉草坪…………………………………………………………SUNKEN LAWN天鹅湖………………………………………………………………SWAN LAKE特色长椅……………………………………………………………………BENCH落水景观……………………………………………………………WATER FALL水钵…………………………………………………………………… POT WITH A FOUNTAIN空间转换节点……………………………………………...TRANSITION SPACE矮墙…………………………………………………………LOW FEATURE WALL微地形及种植区………………………………………………..LOW PLANTING恒温泳池……………………………………………HEATED SWIMMING POOL垂直绿化墙……………………………………………………….GREEN WALLS群鸽雕塑…………………………………………………PIGEON SCULPTURE群牛雕塑………………………………………………………CATTLE SCULPTURE温室玻璃屋…………………………………………………………GLASS HOUSE硬质总平面图…………HADSCAPE MASTER PLAN落客处…………………………………………………………………DROP-OFF欧式拱门………………………………………………………………ARCHWAY规划建议调整图…………PLANNING PROPOSAL原停车位……………………………………………..ORIGINAL PARKING LOT4 / 24建议调整的停车位…………………………………PROPOSED PARKING LOT建议车挡位置………………………………….PROPOSED PARKING BLOCK 原消防车道…………………………………ORIGINAL FIRE ENGINE ACCESS建议消防车道………………………………PROPOSED FIRE ENGINE ACCESS需要调整的采光井的位置…………………………ORIGINAL LIGHT WELL(S)调整后的采光井的位置…………………………….PROPOSED LIGHT WELL地下车库轮廓线调整部位……………….PROPOSED BASEMENT OUTLINE 原煤气调压站…………………………ORIGINAL GAS REGULATOR STATION 建议煤气调压站……………………PROPOSED GAS REGULATOR STATION 原人防出入口……………………….ORIGINAL CIVIL DEFENSE ENTRANCE 建议人防出入口……………………PROPOSED CIVIL DEFENSE ENTRANCE 原有电缆井………………………………………ORIGINAL CABLE MAPHOLE建议电缆井……………………………………………PROPOSED CABLE MAPHOLE原有通风井……………………………………………ORIGINAL VENT SHAFT建议通风井……………………………………………………PROPOSED VENT SHAFT原有建筑标高………………………………ORIGINAL BUILDING ELEVATION建议建筑标高……………………………PROPOSED BUILDING ELEVATION 垃圾处理间………………………………………………………...TRASH ROOM建议垃圾处理间出入口……………PROPOSED TRASH ROOM ENTRANCE建议增加挡土墙位置……………PROPOSED RETAINING WALL LOCATION 消防监控…………………………………………………………FIRE MONITOR5 / 24物业管理处…………………………DIVISION OF PROPERTY MANAGEMENT 社区活动中心……………………………………………COMMUNITY CENTER开闭所………………………………………………………… SWITCH GEAR用地红线…………………………………………………………PROPERTY LINE不利位置…………………………………………………………BAD LOCATION设计范围线…………………………………………………DESIGN SCOPE LINE用地范围线………………………………………………PROPERTY LINE 总体示意图片………………CHARACTER IMAGES 景观分析篇………LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS建筑立面及经济指标分析图…………………………BUILDING FAÇADE AND ECONOMIC INDICATOR ANALYSIS 地形分析…………………LANDFORM ANALYSIS平地…………………………………………………………………………FLAT微地形……………………………………………………BERM TOPOGRAPHY 小山坡………………………………………………………………SMALL HILL材料分析………………………MATERIALANALYSIS车行道铺装……………………………………………………ACCESS PAVING塑木……………………………………………………………ARTIFICAL WOOD特色铺装…………………………………………………………………PAVING橡胶地垫……………………………………………………………RUBBER MAT水景元素分析……………WATER FEATUREANALYSIS自然河流……………………………………………………………………RIVER人工溪流…………………………………………………………ARTIFICIAL SCREAM公共水景………………………………………………PUBLIC WATER FEATURE家私小品布置图…………SITE FURNISHINGSPLAN木平台沙发………………………………………………………….WOOD SOFA架空层沙发…………………………………………………………………..SOFA花钵…………………………………………………………………FLOWER5 / 24POT可移动树箱……………………………………………………MOVABLE PLANTER景观空间分析图…………………………………………LANDSCAPE SPACE ANALYSIS收空间…………………………………………………………CLOSED SPACE放空间…………………………………………………………….OPEN SPACE主入口景观序列………………………………………………MAIN ENTRANCE空间转换节点…………………………………………….TRANSITION SPACE公共客厅…………………………………………………PUBLIC LIVING ROOM游泳池景观……………………………………………………SWIMMING POOL木平台休闲区………………………………………………… WOOD DECK入户景观……………………………………………………………ENTRANCE LOBBY烧烤健身区……………………………………BARBECUE AND FITNESS ZONE景观视线…………………………………………………LANDSCAPE VIEW(S)水景体系分析…………………………………………WATERSCAPE SYSTEM ANALYSIS特效水景……………………………………………………WATER FEATURER常规水景……………………………………………………..WATER FEATURE冬天开放水景…………………………YEAR-ROUND WATER FEATURE6 / 24景观资源分析图…………………………………………LANDSCAPE RESOURCE ANALYSIS有利视线方向………………………………………………………GOOD VIEW不利视线方向…………………………………………………………BAD VIEW受噪音影响带………………………………………………………NOISE AREA(S)现有水体…………………………………………………………EXISTING WATER现有山体…………………………………………………………..EXISTING HILL 现有海湾…………………………………………………………..EXISTING BAY 直升飞机起降方向………………………HELICOPTER LANDING DIRECTION机坪线……………………………………………………………………HELIPA D功能服务区…………………………………………………FUNCTION SERVICE商业配套设施…………………………………………COMMERCIAL FACILITY景观生态资源……………………………………………ECOLOGY RESOURCE管理体系及消防车道分析图…………………………MANAGEMENT ANDFIRE ENGINE ANALYSIS保安亭……………………………………………………………GUARD HOUSE门禁管理系统………………………………ACCESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 现有消防车道…………………………………EXISTING FIRE ENGINE ACCESS围墙…………………………………………………………BOUNDARY WALL 栏杆及红外线……………………………………RAILING AND MOTION SENSOR软质围墙………………………………………………………………二层建筑边界…………………………………………...OVERHANG BUILDING消防回车场……………………………FIRE ENGINE ACCESS TURN AROUND 通透围墙…………………………………………………………………….FENCE景观区域分析图……LANDSCAPE AREA ANALYSIS 主入口景观区………………………………………MAIN LANDSCAPE AREA 商业街景区……………………COMMERCIAL STREET LANDSCAPE AREA市政绿化景观区……………………………MUNICIPAL LANDSCAPE AREA 洋房景观区……………………FOREIGN-STYLE HOUSE LANDSCAPE AREA 休闲木平台…………………………………………………………WOOD DECK高层景观区……………………………………HIGH-RISE LANDSCAPE AREA6 / 24前厅景观区…………………………………LOBBY OF THE LANDSCAPE AREA公共客厅景观区…………………………………………PUBLIC LIVING ROOM启动区景观区………………………………………………………SHOW AREA别墅溪流景观区…………………………………………………………SCREAM AREA滨水景观区………………………………………………………RIVERSIDE AREA中轴景观带…………………………………CENTRAL AXIS LANDSCAPE ZONE组团绿地……………………………………………………PUBLIC SPACE ZONE组团休闲区………………………………………………PUBLIC LEISURE ZONE内庭景观…………………………………………………………COURTYARD湖岸景观区……………………………………………………LAKE AREA LANDSCAPE公共客厅景观区……………………………………PUBLIC AREA LANDSCAPE交通组织分析图………SITE CIRCULATIONANALYSIS地下车库…………………………………………………UNDERGROUND PARKING地下车库出入口………………UNDERGROUND PARKING ENTRANCE AND EXIT便捷归家道路………………………………………..DIRRECT ACCESS WALK地铁入口……………………………………………………METRO ENTRANCE自行车库出入口………………………………BICYCLE PARKING ENTRANCE车行路线………………………………………………………VEHICLE ROUTE一级园路…………………………………………………………PRIMARY PATH二级园路……………………………………………………SECONDARY PATH销售道路………………………………………………………………SALES WALKWAY7 / 24人行出入口…………………………………………RESIDENTIAL ENTRANCE车行出入口…………………………………………….VEHICLE ENTRANCE(S)人行道……………………………………………………PEDESTRIAN ACCESS景观结构分析图……LANDSCAPE FRAME ANALYSIS 一级景观轴线……………………………………PRIMARY LANDSCAPE AXIS次级景观轴线………………………………SECONDARY LANDSCAPE AXIS 主要景观节点…………………………………PRIMARY LANDSCAPE NODE 次要景观节点………………………………SECONDARY LANDSCAPE NODE 三级景观节点…………………………………TERTIARY LANDSCAPE NODE 景观环路…………………………………………LANDSCAPE CIRCLE ROAD 景观绿带……………………………………………LANDSCAPE GREEN BELT展示区……………………………………………………………SHOW AREA木平台………………………………………………………………WOOD DECK原有水体………………………………………………………EXISTING WATER用户有利景观视线方向………………………………………VIEW DIRECTION密林带…………………………………………………………………FOREST BELT组团空间……………………………………………………………………SPACE景观元素分析……LANDSCAPE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 花廊……………………………………………………………………….TRE LLIS户外活动器械…………………………………………OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT 会所…………………………………………………………………CLUBHOUSE户外家具…………………………………………………OUTDOOR FURNITURE点式水景………………………………………………………WATER FEATURE旗杆台…………………………………………………………………FLAGPOLE BASE功能分析图……………………FUNCTIONANALYSIS景观泳池区……………………………………………………SWIMMING POOL休闲服务区…………………………………………………………REST SPACE儿童游乐场………………………………………CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND儿童游乐区………………………………………………PLAYGROUND AREA 老年人活动区……………………………………………ELDERLY ACTIVITY AREA架空层…………………………………………………………… OPEM FLOOR休憩交流木平台………………………………..WOOD DECK LEISURE AREA7 / 24慢跑径………………………………………………………………JOGGING PATH展示区………………………………………………………………SHOW AREA转换站……………………………………………………………………STATION亮点艺术空间………………………………PROPOSED ENTRANCE LOCATION过渡空间…………………………………………………TRANSITIONAL SPACE邻里休闲中心………………………NEIGHBORHOOD RECREATION CENTER沿河散步道…………………………………PROMENADE ALONG THE RIVER 价值感设计分析图………VALUE GRADE ANALYSIS以硬质为主，体现较强的价值感、仪式感。

001-What-is-Landscape-Architecture

What is Landscape Architecture?Although the term 'landscape architecture' was invented by a Scotsman (Gilbert Laing Meason, in 1828), it was an American (Frederick Law Olmsted) who gave birth to the landscape architecture profession. We should therefore pay close attention to the definition of the profession given by the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA). In the early years of the web (1999) it was as follows:LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE: DEFINING THE PROFESSIONA Profession In DemandFrom city council rooms to corporate boardrooms, there is increasing demand today for the professional services of landscape architects. This trend reflects the public's desire for better housing, recreational and commercial facilities, and its expanded concern for environmental protection. Residential and commercial real estate developers, federal and state agencies, city planning commissions, and individual property owners are all among the thousands of people and organizations in America and Canada that will retain the services of a landscape architect this year.More than any of the other major environmental design professions, landscape architecture is a profession on the move. It is comprehensive by definition-no less than the art and science of analysis, planning design, management, preservation and rehabilitation of the land. In providing well-managed design and development plans, landscape architects offer an essential array of services and expertise that reduces costs and adds long-term value to a project.Clear differences do exists between landscape architecture and the other design professions. Architects primarily design buildings andstructures with specific uses, such as homes, offices, schools and factories. Civil engineers apply scientific principles to the design of city infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and public utilities. Urban planners develop a broad overview of development for entire cities and regions.Landscape architects touch on all the above mentioned design professions, integrating elements from each of them. While having a working knowledge of architecture, civil engineering and urban planning, landscape architects take elements from each of these fields to design aesthetic and practical relationships with the land.A Diverse ProfessionLandscape architecture is one of the most diversified of the design professions.Landscape architects design the built environment of neighborhoods, towns and cities while also protecting and managing the natural environment, from its forests and fields to rivers and coasts. Members of the profession have a special commitment to improving the quality of life through the best design of places for people and other living things.In fact, the work of landscape architects surrounds us. Members of the profession are involved in the planning of such sites as office plazas, public squares and thoroughfares. The attractiveness of parks, highways, housing developments, urban plazas, zoos and campuses reflects the skill of landscape architects in planning and designing the construction of useful and pleasing projects.From coast to coast, in every region of the world, examples of the landscape architecture profession can be found. Many landscape architects are involved in small projects, such as developing plans for a new city park or site plans for an office building, other members of the profession have contributed their expertise to numerous projects which include:•Preservation of Yosemite Park and Niagara Falls•Management plan for the Alaskan Maritime National Wildlife Refuge •Design of the U.S. Capitol Grounds•Design of Mount Royal Park in Montreal, Quebec•Development of Stanford University site•Creation of Boston's "emerald necklace" of green spaces tying the city to the suburbs•Plans for Baltimore's park system and Inner Harbor area•Design of "new towns" such as Columbia, Maryland, and Reston, Virginia•Landfill reclamation for Fresh Kills in New York and Dyer in Florida •Plans for Golden Gate National Recreation Area in San Francisco, California•Sursum Cordan Affordable Housing, Washington, D.C.•Design for water treatment and park facility in Hillsboro, Oregon •Master plan for King Saud University in Saudi Arabia•Restoration of the landscape along the Baltimore-Washington Parkway inMarylandDepending on the scope of the project for clients, ranging from a local developer to the federal government, landscape architects may plan the entire arrangement of a site, including the location of buildings, grading, stormwater management, construction and planting. They may also coordinate teams of design, construction and contracting professionals.Already, federal and state government agencies ranging from the National Park Service to local park planning boards employ a large number of landscape architects. More and more private developers realize that the services of a landscape architect are an integral part of a successful, more profitable project.Tracing the Profession's RootsThe origin of today's profession of landscape architecture can be traced to the early treatments of outdoor space by successive ancient cultures, from Persia and Egypt through Greece and Rome. During the Renaissance, this interest in outdoor space, which had waned during the Middle Ages, was revived with splendid results in Italy and gave rise to ornate villas, gardens, and great outdoor piazzas.These precedents, in turn, greatly influenced the chateaux and urban gardens of 17th-century France, where landscape architecture and design reached new heights of sophistication and formality. The designers became well-known, with Andre le Notre, who designed the gardens at Versailles and Vaux-le-Vicomte, among the most famous of the early forerunners of today's landscape architects.In the 18th Century, most English "landscape gardeners," such as Lancelot "Capability" Brown, who remodeled the grounds of Blenheim Palace, rejected the geometric emphasis of the French in favor of imitating the forms of nature.One important exception was Sir Humphrey Repton. He reintroduced formal structure into landscape design with the creation of the first great public parks Victoria Park in London (1845) and Birkenhead Park in Liverpool (1847). In turn, these two parks would greatly influence the development of landscape architecture in the United States and Canada.Frederick Law Olmsted: "Father of American Landscape Architecture"The history of the profession in North America begins with Frederick Law Olmsted, who rejected the name "landscape gardener" in favor of the title of "landscape architect," which he felt better reflected the scope of the profession.In 1863, official use of the designation "landscape architect" by New York's park commissioners marked the symbolic genesis of landscape architecture as a modern design profession. Olmsted became a pioneer and visionary for the profession. His projects illustrate his high professional standards, including the design of Central Park in New York with Calvert Vaux in the late 1850's and the U.S. Capitol Grounds in the 1870's. Olmsted and the Brookline, Mass., firm he founded advanced the concept of parks as well-designed, functional public green spaces amid the grayness of the urban areas through the well practiced principles of landscape architecture and city planning.Early Developments: Late 1800'sIn the ensuing years, the profession of landscape architecture broadened. It played a major role in fulfilling the growing national need for well-planned and well-designed urban environments. Urban parks, metropolitan park systems, planned suburban residential enclaves and college campuses were planned and developed in large numbers, climaxing with the City Beautiful movement at the turn of the century.Although the profession itself grew slowly, its early practitioners, including Olmsted, Vaux and Horace Cleveland, were among the first to take part in the town planning movement and to awaken interest in civic design. Olmsted also joined other early landscape architects in working on projects in other urban settings, such as at Yosemite Valley and Niagara Falls.In 1899, the American Society of Landscape Architects was founded by 11 people in New York _ most of them associated with Olmsted. The Society continued to represent landscape architects throughout the United States. In 1900, Olmsted's son, Frederick Law Olmsted Jr., organized and taught at Harvard University's first course in landscape architecture.Broadening and Diversifying: The 20th CenturyLandscape architecture continued to influence the city beautification and planning movement well into the 20th century, as growing cities used the services of professionally-trained landscape architects.The L'Enfant Plan for the nation's capitol was revived and expanded by the McMillan commission of 1901. Chicago, Cleveland and other cities also used landscapearchitects to lay out comprehensive development plans.By the 1920's, urban planning separated from architecture and landscape architecture as a separate profession with its own degree programs and organizations. Yet, landscape architecture continued to remain a major force in urban planning and urban design. During and after the Depression, opportunities to design national and state parks, towns, parkways and new urban park systems broadened the profession. The orientation of American landscape architecture returned to its roots in public projects _ a trend which has continued throughout the mid-20th century to today.The Profession in PracticeLandscape architecture in the 1990s cannot be described in a few simple terms. The scope of the profession is too broad and the projects too varied. A variety of often interwoven specializations exist within the profession, including the following: Landscape Design, the historical core of the profession, is concerned with detailed outdoor space design for residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and public spaces. It involves the treatment of a site as art, the balance of hard and soft surfaces in outdoor and indoor spaces, the selection ofconstruction and plant materials, infrastructure such as irrigation, and the preparation of detailed construction plans and documents.Site Planning focuses on the physical design and arrangement of built and natural elements of a land parcel. A site planning project can involve designing the land for a single house, an office park or shopping center, or an entire residential community. More specifically, site design involves the orderly, efficient, aesthetic and ecologically sensitive integration of man-made objects with a site's natural features including topography, vegetation, drainage, water, wildlife and climate. Sensitive design produces development that minimizes both environmental impacts and project costs, and adds value to a site.Urban/Town Planning deals with designing and planning cities and towns. Urban planners use zoning techniques and regulations, master plans, conceptual plans, land-use studies and other methods to set the layout and organization of urban areas. This field also involves "urban design" _ the development of mostly open, public spaces, such as plazas and streetscapes.Regional Landscape Planning has emerged as a major area of practice for many landscape architects with the rise of the public's environmental awareness in the past thirty years. It merges landscape architecture with environmental planning. In this field, landscape architects deal with the full spectrum of planning and managing land and water, including natural resource surveys, preparation of environmental impact statements, visual analysis, landscape reclamation and coastal zone management.Park and Recreation Planning involves creating or redesigning parks and recreational areas in cities, suburban and rural areas. Landscape architects also develop plans for huge natural areas as part of national park, forest, and wildlife refuge systems.Land Development Planning can be on large-scale, multi-acre parcels of undeveloped land and smaller scale sites in urban, rural and historicareas. As such, it provides a bridge between policy planning and individual development projects. Landscape architects working in this area require a knowledge of real estate economics and development regulation processes, as well as an understanding of the physical constraints of developing and working with the land. The challenge is to integrate economic factors with good design and thus create quality environments. Due to this blending of expertise, landscape architects are often selected to head multi-disciplinary design teams.Ecological Planning and Design studies the interaction between people and the natural environment. It is concerned with interpretation, analysis, and formulation of design policies, guidelines and plans to ensure the quality of the environment. Heavily landscape architect and planner Ian McHarg, this specialization includes, but is not limited to, analytical evaluations of the land and focuses on the suitability of a site for development. It requires specific knowledge of environmental laws such as the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, Federal wetlands regulations, etc. This specialization also encompasses highway design and planning.Historic Preservation and Reclamation of sites such as parks, gardens, grounds, waterfronts, and wetlands involves increasing numbers of landscape architects as growing populations lead to additional development. This field may involve preservation or maintenance of a site in relatively static condition, conservation of a site as part of a larger area of historic importance, restoration of a site to a given date or quality, and renovation of a site for ongoing or new use. Landscape architects often participate from the research through the actual restoration stage.Social and Behavioral Aspects of Landscape Design focuses on the human dimension of design, such as designing for the special needs of the elderly or the disabled. This field requires advanced training in social sciences,such as behavioral psychology, sociology, anthropology and economics. Areas of study include design evaluation of existing environments, environmental perceptions, and effects of environments on people.The Profession of the FutureThe years ahead promise new developments and challenges to the ever-broadening profession. With environmental concerns becoming increasingly important, landscape architects are being called upon to bring their expertise to the table to help solve complex problems. Rural concerns are attracting landscape architects to farmland preservation, small town revitalization, landscape preservation, and energy resource development and conservation. Advances in computer technology have opened the field of computerized design, and land reclamation has become a major area of work for members of the profession. Landscape architects have even begun to use their skill within indoor environments (e.g. atriums) and enclosed pedestrian spaces have been incorporated into commercial development projects. From southern California to the Maine coast, the names of landscape architecture firms appear on signs heralding future developments, as more people seek the expertise and services of the profession.Furthermore, the future also promises increase cooperation among landscape architects and other design professionals. As interest in the profession continues to grow, students are studying of the profession in increasing numbers nearly 60 universities and colleges in the United States and Canada now offer accredited baccalaureate and post-graduate programs in landscape architecture. Forty-five states license landscape architects. Today, headquartered in Washington, D.C., the American Society of Landscape Architects has grown to nearly 12,000 members in 47 chapters.During the past decades, landscape architects have responded to the increased demand and professional responsibilities with new skills and expertise. More and more businesses appreciate the profession and the value that it brings to a project. The public praises the balance achieved between the built and natural environments.According to landscape architectural educator, author and ASLA Fellow, Lane Marshall:"The future of...(the) profession is bright. We are growing in size and stature each day. The profession is expanding its borders constantly and stands at the cutting edges of exciting new practice areas. There are landscape architects who are mortgage bankers, developers, business managers, architects, engineers, and lawyers. Since 1899, the profession has grown steadily and now stands at the threshold of a new period of growth."The profession of landscape architecture continues to evolve as it meets the challenges of a society interested in improving the quality of life and the wisdom with which mankind uses the land in many ways, landscape architects are shaping the future.[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。

关于托马斯丘奇

关于托马斯丘奇托马斯·丘奇托马斯·丘奇与"加州花园"理论摘要：托马斯·丘奇是美国现代园林的开拓者，他从二十世纪30年代后期开始，开创了被称为"加州花园"的美国西海岸现代园林风格。

丘奇等加州现代园林设计师群体被称为加利福尼亚学派，其设计思想和手法对今天美国和世界的风景园林设计有深远的影响。

Thomas Church and California Garden Linqing Abstract：Thomas Church was the pioneer of American modern landscape architecture.He created the modern landscape style of west coast which was called California garden from later1930s.The group of modern California landscape architects include Church was named as California School whose idea and style has apowerful and widespread influence in landscape design of today in America and all over the world.Key Words：Thomas Church；California Garden；A.Aalto；California School；Donnel Garden；Aptos Garden二十世纪四十年代，在美国西海岸，一种不同以往的私人花园风格逐渐兴起，不仅受到渴望拥有自己的花园的中产阶层的喜爱，也在美国风景园林行业中引起强列的反响，成为当时现代园林的代表。

这种带有露天木制平台、游泳池、不规则种植区域和动态平面的小花园为人们创造了户外生活的新方式，被称之为"加州花园"(California Garden)这一风格的开创者就是20世纪美国现代园林的奠基人之一的托马斯·丘奇(Thomas Church，1902~1978)。

景观大宅的英文名词解释

景观大宅的英文名词解释Landscape Mansion: Unveiling the Meaning Behind the TermIntroduction:In recent years, the concept of landscape architecture has gained tremendous popularity, leading to the emergence of grand residences known as landscape mansions. These architectural wonders blend seamlessly with nature, showcasing the perfect harmony between human construction and the natural environment. This article aims to delve deeper into the meaning behind the term "landscape mansion" and its implications.1. Definition of Landscape Mansion:A landscape mansion refers to a grand residence built upon extensive grounds, incorporating various elements of landscape design into its very structure. The term "mansion" denotes its luxurious and distinguished character, while "landscape" emphasizes the integration of natural surroundings, resulting in a unique architectural masterpiece.2. Elements of Landscape Design:Landscape design encompasses various aspects that contribute to the creation of a landscape mansion. These elements include:- Gardens: Lush gardens filled with vibrant flora not only enhance the visual appeal of the mansion but also create a peaceful and serene ambiance for its occupants. Carefully curated flower beds, topiaries, and water features complement the architectural design, blurring the boundaries between the man-made and natural worlds.- Water Features: Ponds, fountains, and cascades add an enchanting touch to landscape mansions. The tranquil sounds of trickling water create a soothing atmosphere, while reflecting pools and artificial lakes provide a sense of serenity and elevation.- Pathways and Walkways: Delicate gravel paths, stone walkways, and wooden bridges meandering through the gardens guide visitors towards different areas of the landscape mansion. These paths not only serve as functional elements but also serve to accentuate the beauty of the natural surroundings.- Landscaping Structures: Pergolas, gazebos, and arbors serve as architectural elements within the landscape, providing shaded areas for relaxation or as viewpoints to behold the surrounding beauty. These structures also serve as focal points within the vast grounds, offering a whimsical touch to the overall design.3. The Philosophy of Landscape Mansions:The concept of landscape mansions is deeply rooted in the philosophy of embracing the natural world rather than overpowering it. It signifies a shift from traditional architectural practices that viewed nature as separate from human dwellings. Landscape mansions celebrate the idea that man-made structures can be seamlessly integrated into the landscape, creating a harmonious coexistence.4. Historical and Cultural Significance:The notion of landscape mansions has historical roots, dating back to ancient civilizations such as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon or the palatial villas of ancient Rome. These magnificent structures embodied principles of landscape architecture, emphasizing the beauty of gardens, water features, and carefully designed paths. Across different cultures and time periods, landscape mansions have symbolized power, wealth, and the pursuit of an elevated lifestyle.5. Contemporary Examples:In recent years, landscape mansions have become more prevalent, as individuals seek to reconnect with nature and experience a higher quality of life. Across the globe, numerous stunning examples showcase the fusion of architecture and landscaping, such as the Baha'i Gardens in Haifa, Israel or the Butchart Gardens in British Columbia, Canada. These iconic landscapes captivate visitors with their grandeur and picturesque beauty, reminding us of the potential of landscape architecture.Conclusion:Landscape mansions encompass the epitome of luxury and elegance while embracing the natural world. Through the skillful integration of gardens, water features, pathways, and landscaping structures, these architectural wonders create a serene environment that fosters a deep connection with nature. As the demand for sustainable, visually pleasing, and spiritually uplifting residences grows, landscape mansions will continue to captivate and inspire individuals seeking the perfect blend of art, architecture, and nature.。