模联词典
模联用语(1)
概述General Terms多极化multipolarity国家主权national sovereignty维持外交关系maintain diplomatic relations维护世界和平safeguard world peace武装冲突armed conflict把自己的意志强加于人impose one’s own will on others霸权主义和强权政治hegemonism and power politics保卫国家主权和民族资源safeguard national sovereignty and national resources边界现状status quo of the boundary不附带任何条件never to attach any conditions，with no strings attached不结盟国家/政策non-aligned countries / policy采取协调行动take concerted steps常驻代表permanent representative独联体国家Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)发展和平友好，平等互利，长期稳定的关系develop relations of peace and friendship , equality and mutual benefit , and prolonged stability 高层次，全方位的对话high-level and all-directional dialogue公认的国际关系原则generally-accepted principles of international relations公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序a fair and rational new international political and economic order国际关系的准则norms governing international relations国际关系中最起码的准则rudimentary code of international relations国际惯例international common practice国家不分大小，应该一律平等All countries , big or small , should be equal捍卫国家主权，领土完整和民族尊严safeguard national sovereignty , territorial integrity , and national dignity和平共处五项原则the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence互谅互让mutual understanding and mutual accommodation互通有无exchange of needed goods抗美援朝战争War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea联络处liaison office领土管辖权territorial jurisdiction领土毗连territorial contiguity流血冲突bloody conflict民间外交people-to-people diplomacy南北对话South-North dialogue南南合作South-South cooperation贫穷国家impoverished nation全方位外交multi-faceted diplomacy伸张正义，主持公道adhere to principles and uphold justice神圣不可侵犯sacred and inviolable审视度势size up the situation诉诸武力或以武力相威胁resort to the use or threat of force外交使团diplomatic mission外交政策的基石cornerstone of a country’s foreign policy维持外交关系maintain diplomatic relations维护人权和不断改善人权状况safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation维护世界和平safeguard world peace无中生有make/create something out of nothing武装冲突armed conflict削减战略核武器会谈strategic arms reduction talks （START）用和平手段解决争端solve disputes by peaceful means正式照会formal note中立国neutral state中美联合公报Sino-US joint communique互相尊重，求同存异adhere to the principle of mutual respect and seek common ground while shelving differences 度假外交holiday-making diplomacy弹性外交elastic diplomacy民间外交people-to-people diplomacy国际组织Community 共同体Caribbean Common Market 加勒比共同市场Caribbean community, CARICOM 加勒比共同体Central American Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, CEAO 西非经济共同体, East African Community, EAC, 东非共同体Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS 西非国家经济共同体European Common Market 欧洲共同市场European Economic Community, EEC 欧洲经济共同体French Community 法兰西共同体Conference 会议Arab Summit Conference 阿拉伯首脑会议Conference of Heads of State and Government of Non-Al不结盟国家和政府首脑会议（不结盟国家会议）Assembly of the Heads of State and Government of the O非洲国家和政府会议Conference of Developing Countries (the 77-nation group)开发中国家会议（七十七国集团）Conference of Heads of State and Government of East an东非和中非国家元首和政府首脑会议（东非和中非国家首脑会议）Islamic Conference 伊斯兰会议Council 理事会Asian and Pacific Council, ASPAC 亚洲太平洋地区理事会Australia, New Zealand, United States Treaty Organization澳新美理事会Nordic Council 北欧理事会World Peace Council 世界和平理事会Confederation 联合会International Confederation of Free Trade Union, ICFTU 国际自由工会联合会World Confederation of Labor, WCL 世界劳工联合会World Federation of Trade Unions, WFTU 世界工会联合会World Federation of United Nations Associations, WFUNA联合国协会世界联合会Association 联盟Association of South East Asian Nations, ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟（东盟）European Broadcasting Union, EBU 欧洲广播联盟European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟International Cooperative Alliance, ICA 国际合作社联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union, IPU 各国议会联盟L e a g u e o f A r a b S t a t e s(A r a b L e a g u e) 阿拉伯国家联盟Western European Union, WEU 西欧联盟Association 协会A f r o-A s i a n J o u r n a l i s t s'A s s o c i a t i o n 亚非新闻工作者协会A f r o-A s i a n W r i t e r s'A s s o c i a t i o n亚非作家协会European Community of Writers 欧洲作家协会International Committee of the Red Cross, ICRC 红十字国际委员会International Organization of Journalists, IOJ 国际新闻工作者协会International Pen 国际笔会International Red Cross Conference, IRCC 国际红十字大会League of Red Cross Societies, LRCS 红十字会协会Universal Esperanto Association, UEA 国际世界语协会Bank 银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非州开发银行Asian Development Bank, ADB 亚洲开发银行Caribbean Development Bank, CDB 加勒比开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Inter-American Development Bank, IADB 美洲开发银行International Bank for Economic Co-operation, IBEC 国际经济合作银行Islamic Development Bank, IDB 伊斯兰开发银行World Bank 世界银行Organization 组织Andean Pact Organization (Andean group), ANCOM 安第斯条约组织（安第斯集团）European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN 欧洲核研究组织International Radio and Television Organization, OIRT 国际广播电视组织International Telecommunication Satellite Consortium, IN国际通讯卫星组织North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO 北大西洋公约组织（北约）Organization of African Unity, OAU 非洲统一组织Organization of American States, OAS 美洲国家组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAP阿拉伯石油输出国组织Organization of central American States 中美洲国家组织Organization of the Islamic Conference, OCAS 伊斯兰会议组织Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC石油输出国组织（欧佩克）国际关系protectorate （被）保护国asylum 庇护;避难forntier region, border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营c o u n t r y o f o n e's r e s ide n c e 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use 实用,有效,廉价,方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast 中东neutral state, neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual ben发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小,应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决t o m a k e u p f o r e a c h o t h e r's d e f i c i e n c i e s 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty 维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况模板1（均以China为例）1、表明自己国家立场的词汇（在陈述时使用）Chinathinks/believes/realizes/affirms/claims/states/addresses/declares/notices/considers/ reminds/recalls/observes that….Chinais aware of…Chinabears in mind /keeps in mind2、表明自己国家意愿China hopes/wishes /desires thatChina appeals to /expects to/devotes attention to/would like toChina accepts sth..China encourages…3、强调自己国家立场China reiterates/emphasizes/reaffirms/China takes sth into account/ notes with deep concern/takes sth into consideration4、呼吁建议别国做某事China calls upon/suggests/purposes/commends/recommends/demands/requires/appeals thatChina urges to/calls for5、表达反对观点China disapproves/6、赞同他国代表的话China expresses its appreciation/ express its satisfaction /notes with approval/views with appreciationChina supports/endorses thatChina highly appreciates sth/ is delighted to/ is eager to,7、表达愤怒同情等感情China strongly condemns/deplores/ deeply regret /feels deeply disturbed/ solemnly affirms thatChina expresses its deepest sympathy and condolences to8、常用副词（表示程度）Fully, further, deeply ,highly回顾性条款用语• Affirming, Reaffirming, Alarmed by;• Aware of, Bearing in mind, Fully aware;• Realizing, Recognizing, Taking into account;表达希望或遗憾的用语• Desiring, Expecting, Seeking, Welcoming• Noting with deep concern, Noting with regret• Fully believing, Believing, Viewing with appreciation• 表肯定与支持• Accepts, Affirms, Approves, Endorses, Reaffirms;• Confirms, Emphasizes, Supports, Trusts, Believes;• 表否定与遗憾• Deplores, Regrets, Condemns, Expresses its concern;• 表建议• Expresses its hope, Further invites, Encourages;• Suggests, Requests, Recommends, Calls, Urges.• 肯定：Affirms, Reaffirms, Confirms;• 强调：Emphasizes, Underlines;• 谴责：Condemns, Deplores, Regrets;• 赞赏：Endorses, Expresses its appreciation;• 建议：Suggests, Calls upon/for, Recommends;• 决定：Decides, Demands, Requests, Urges;• 程度词：Further, Fully, Strongly, Deeply.====================================================== ===============模板2.（均以例句形式出现）1.肯定与同意：Accept, Approve, Agree, Affirm, Reaffirm, ConfirmReaffirm: to state sth. again in order to emphasize that it is still true. 重申；再次确定例句：The President reaffirmed his commitment to democratic elections. 总统重申了他对民主选举的承诺。
MUN基本名词解释
模拟联合国名词解释(一）会议成员1.主席团（Dais）主席(Chair)：主持会议；随时处理代表问题。
会议指导(Director)：观察会议，掌控会议方向、进程；审批文件。
主席助理(Rapporteur)：记录会议；负责点名、投票等环节。
2.代表（Delegate）概念：一个国家派出参加会议的人，代表这个国家的形象与立场。
职责：维护国家利益；展示国家形象；参与国际事务讨论。
称呼：代表要牢记自己的身份，发言时的主语要用国家名，而不是“我”。
3.志愿者（Volunteer）职责：负责传递意向条；负责相关会务，为代表提供方便。
(二）解读模拟联合国会议规则及流程1.点名（Roll Call）点名的作用：确定到场国家总数，由此计算简单多数（1/2多数）和三分之二多数。
这些数据决定了表决通过的标准。
点名的方式：主席助理按照国家名单上的顺序点名。
点到的国家高举国家牌并答“到(Present) ”，并由主席助理在电脑屏幕上标示出席情况，最终计数。
2.设定议题（Setting the Agenda）一个委员会同时有两个或两个以上的议题待讨论时，通过设定议题程序，确定多数国家感兴趣的议题为优先讨论的议题。
3.正式辩论（Formal Debate）辩论的概念：不同于平时的辩论比赛，模联中的发言、磋商、游说等均被视为辩论。
正式辩论：按照发言名单顺序进行的辩论叫正式辩论。
发言名单（Speakers’ List）发言名单的产生：议题确定后，正式辩论开始。
主席请需要发言的代表举国家牌，并随机点出国家名，当代表听到自己国家被点到后，放下国家牌。
主席助理同步记录，代表便可在大屏幕上看到发言名单。
发言名单的作用：供各国代表根据自己既定的发言主题发表讲话。
发言名单的缺点：各讲各的，主题分散，不利于促进共识的形成。
追加发言机会：如果某代表的国家名未在发言名单上或已经完成发言，该代表可向主席台传意向条（Page）要求在发言名单上添加其代表国家，主席将该国家名加在发言名单最后。
模联术语
模联专业术语解释（中文版）默认分类2010-04-11 19:43:49 阅读142 评论0 字号：大中小订阅弃权----在对一个实际问题进行投票时，代表们可以用弃权来代替赞成和反对。
这标志着一个国家对决议草案既不赞成也不反对。
休会----所有的联合国或模拟联合国会议均以休会结束。
这表示辩论将会被延迟到下一次会议。
这可以是一段很短的时间（一个晚上），但也可以是一段很长的时间（直到下一年的会议）。
议程----议程是委员会中要讨论的问题的次序。
通常在点名之后的第一件事就是设定议程。
修正案----修正案是对决议草案的修正。
它分为两种类型：友好修正案----得到全部起草国通过并自动通过的修正案。
非友好修正案----没有得到全部起草国同意并需要大会投票的修正案。
背景资料----一个由大会组织者书写并在会前发放给代表的对于讨论议题的概况，是对大会进行研究的起始点。
集团----一些在同一地域内或对某一特殊问题持相同看法的国家的组合。
核心磋商----国家可在其中更自由充分的讨论问题的正式辩论中的间断。
有两种类型，有主持核心磋商和无主持核心磋商。
主席团----一些通常由高中生或大学生组成的掌管委员会的人。
通常包括一个主席一个会议指导和一个主席助理。
代表----一个充当国家代表或观察者的学生。
会议指导----主席团中的一员，负责视察工作文件或决议草案建立并充当关于话题的专家，保证代表们准确的表达他们国家的观点政策。
决议草案----一份用于解决问题的由委员会起草的文件。
如果通过委员会投票，就将成为决议案。
辩论流程----在模拟联合国会议中事件进行的次序。
正式辩论----在模拟联合国大会上辩论的标准形式。
通常代表根据发言名单上的次序进行有时间限制的发言。
首席代表----一个模拟联合国团队的学生领导。
成员国----被联合国宪章批准并且加入联合国的申请被常规理事会和安全理事会批准的。
当前有191个成员国。
唯一被公认为独立国家并不是联合国成员国的就是罗马主教。
模联必备词群
模联必备词群1、“…化”现代化→modernize市场化→marketize地区化→regionalize多极化→polypolarize企业化→turn …into business institutions make…function as an enterprise集团化→incorporate…into an enterprise公开化→to be brought into the open股份化→transfer…into share holding节日化→on all festivals and holidays常态化→develop toward normalizationdevelop into a regular practicedevelop and normalize/regularize this practice4、“对…表示赞赏”we appreciatewe’d like to express our appreciation for…we think highly of……deserve our admirationwe see something constructive/admirable/meaningful/inspiring in your…5、正向强化+加强合作→strengthen cooperation促进发展→promote development增加机会→increase opportunities深化改革→deepen reform推动贸易→facilitate trade万能动词further6、“值得（我们）欣慰/高兴/欣喜/庆贺/的是…”It is gratif ying/delightful/pleasing/wonderful/great (for us) to know/see…We/people are gratified/delighted/pleased/happy/glad to know/see…7、“是…的原因”be the instrument ofA generates/gives rise to/gives birth to/leads to/results in BAs a result/Consequently/Finally/…各国有着不同的发展历史、文化传统、政治制度和经济模式，这是亚太地区富有发展活力的重要原因。
模联词汇
Introductory NoteGeneral Assembly (GA) 联合国大会procedural adj.程序的affirmative adj.肯定的affirmative vote 赞成票five permanent members of the Security Council 安理会的五个常任理事国Economic and Social Council 经社会consideration n.考虑retain v.保留Preamblepreamble n.前言scourge n.灾难fundamental adj.基本的tolerance n.容忍institution n.制定institution of method 制定方案machinery n.机制promotion n.提升Chapter 1principle n.原则collective adj.集体的suppression n.镇压breach n./v.破坏conformity n.一致adjustment n.调整humanitarian adj.人道主义的harmonize v.协调attainment n.达到pursuit n.追求sovereign n.(国家) 主权dispute n.争端refrain v.抑制territorial integrity 领土完整political independence 政权独立Chapter 2ratify v.批准, 认可admission n.承认expel v.逐出Chapter 3Trusteeship Council 托管委员会International Court of Justice 国际法院Secretariat n.秘书处subsidiary n.附属的eligibility n.合格capacity n.职位Chapter 4disarmament n.裁军armamentn.军备notify v.通告codification n.法典impair v.损害designate v.指明strategic adj.重要的, 战略的apportion v.分摊expulsion n.逐出(expel的名词) arrear n.到期未付款convoke v.召集Chapter 5equitable adj.公平的geographical distribution 地理分布prompt adj.迅速的confer v.商讨concurring votes 一致通过abstain v.弃权periodic adj.定期的Chapter 6pacific adj.和平的negotiation n.交涉enquiry n.询问mediationn.调停conciliation n.安抚arbitration n.仲裁judicial settlement 司法解决friction n.摩擦Chapter 7aggravation n.加剧comply v.顺从provisional adj.暂时的desirable adj.理应的telegraphic adj.电报的severance n.断绝demonstration n.示威blockade n.封堵signatory state 签约国, 附议国contingent n.代表团, 分队authorization n.授权consultation n.咨询regional n.地方性的mutual adj.双方的confront v.面临inherent adj.固有的Chapter 8preclude v.阻止consistentadj.一致的constitute v.建立utilize v.利用contemplation n.计划Chapter 9vest v.授予Chapter 10observance n.遵守convention n.公约competence n.职能范围prescribe v.规定furnish v.提供assign v.分配commission n.委员会deliberation n.审议convene v.集合Chapter 11paramount adj.极为重要的sacred adj.神圣的aspiration n.志向constructive adj.建设性的metropolitan adj.大都市的Chapter 12supervision n.监督trust territory n.托管领土mandate v.把(某一地区) 置于委任管理下detach v.分离construe v.解释Chapter 13petition n.请求Chapter 14annex v.附属statute n.法令ipso facto a dv.根据实施incumbent adj.负有义务的recourse v.求助Chapter 15Secretary-General 秘书长Chapter 16 miscellaneous adj.多方面的invoke v.援引immunity n.豁免权Chapter 17Chapter 18 amendment n.修正案agenda n.议程Chapter 19authentic adj.可靠的archives n.档案。
模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照
模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照会长亲自整理北航模联的日志来源：修正案1. Amendment胸卡2. Badge取消表决权3 Deprive to the right rote主席4. Chair结束辩论debate 5. Close the会议指导6. Director代表7. Delegate副代表8. Deputy代表团团长，领队9. Head Delegate代表团指导Advisor10. Faculty代表团Bloc11. Delegation分发12. Distribution文件分发人员13. Document officer起草委员会14. Drafting committee决议草案15. Draft Resolution抽签lots 16. Draw以绝对（简单）多数选出absolute by an majority (a simple) 17. Elect紧急会议meeting 18. Emergency享受特权privileges 19. Enjoy开始生效force 20. Entry into执行秘书secretary 21. Executive行使表决权of the right 22. Exercise vote专家23. Expert对所投的票加以说明one's rote 24. Explain延长任期of the 25. Extend office term特别会议session 26. Extraordinary补缺27. Fill a vacancy最后报告report 28. Final10/ 1模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照第一次投票表决29. First ballot最优先项目30. First priority安排各次会议的时间表31. Fix the the settings timetable of脚注32. Foot-note旁听席33. Gallery总务委员会committee 34. General一般性辩论debate 35. General按地域分配distribution 36. Geographical作出裁定ruling 37. Give a警告warning 38. Give a把自己的发言机会让给speak to in favour of up 39. Give one's turn放弃主席的职务the office to chairman up 40. Give重新表决vote upon a 41. Go back执行机构body 42. Governing让副主席担任主席the Vice-chairman Chair 43. Hand over the to有优先权44. Have priority有倡议权the initiative 45. Have代表团团长of delegation 46. Head标题47. Heading名誉主席（会长）48. Honorary president东道国49. Host country我受本国政府授权my government authorized 50. I am by我请求发言floor ask 51. I for the（发言）我请floor to …give 52. I the身份发言我以…my 53. I speak in capacity of豁免54. Immunities实施公约的规定a 55. Implement the provisions of Convention行使否决权56. Impose a vote以私人身份capacity a 57. In private10/ 2模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照以官方身份capacity official 58. In an 以非官方身份capacity 59. In an unofficial听从主席决定chairman the hands of 60. In列入议程in the agenda 61. Include问讯处（台）desk 62. Information违反行为63. Infringement进行讨论64. Initiate a discussion指示、命令65. Instructions国际文件（特指国际公约等）instrument 66. International中断表决67. Interrupt vote a参加辩论68. Intervene in a debate请发言人简明扼要些brief to be 69. Invite speakers请使用主席的权利authorchairman's ity 70. Invoke the由多数决定majority the 71. Leave it to decision of the议程项目agenda 72. Item on the把事情交由主席决定the matter to the chairman's decision Leave 73.法律顾问74. Legal adviser代表名单75. List delegates of发言人名单76. List of speakers大厅、休息厅77. Lobby保持候选资格78. candidature Maintain one's维持秩序79. Maintain order以个人名义发表声明personal statement a 80. Make备忘录81. Memorandum把几个修正案合并起来amendments several 82. Merge together麦克风83. Microphone会议记录84. Minutes动议更改发言时间the 85. Motion to Change Speaking Time动议有主持核心商榷Caucus a 86. Motion for Moderated10/ 3模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照动议自由商榷Caucus an 87. Motion forUn-moderated动议结束辩论Debate 88. Motion to Close提议分开表决vote be taken separate 89. Move that a动议结束辩论closure of debate 90. Move the反对票91. Negative vote照会92. Note将一个声明载入记录93. Note a statement指出对规则的破坏the rules violation 94. Note a of在原则上反对in principle 95. Object观察员96. Observer担任主席the chair 97. Occupy职务98. Office正式语言languages 99. Official正式会议Official meeting 100.开始程序问题的辩论on procedure 101. Open a debate产生发言名单List the 102. Open Speakers'反对一个建议proposal 103. Oppose a原文text 104. Original驳回105. Overrule意向条106. Page参加者107. Participants公约缔约国a convention 108. Party to通过指责决议censure 109. Pass a vote of常人代表，常驻代表delegate 110. Permanent国家牌111. Placard将一个声明载入纪录record a statement on 112. Place列在议程末尾the agenda end 113. Place at the of114. Platform 主席台assemblyPlenary 115.10/ 4模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照全权代表Plenipotentiary 116.咨询性问题of Inquiry 117. Point程序性问题of Order 118. PointPrivilege 个人特权问题Personal 119. Point ofPaper .立场文件120. Positionvote .延期表决121. Postpone adiscussion .推迟讨论122. Postpone the.下一届（次）会123. Postpone to the next session(sitting). 延到......................Preamble 序言124....................... committee 筹备委员会125. Preparatorymeeting 预备会议126. Preparatory提出书面修正案an 127. President (submit) amendment in writing 新闻记者席128. Press gallery ...................... 新闻稿129. Press releases ...................... 新闻官130. Press-officer秘密会议131. Private meeting开始讨论条款Proceed to the discussion of the articles 132.reading Proceed to a second 进行二读133.Proceed to a vote .进行表决134.Programme of meetings 会议日程表135.Programme of work 工作日程136. ...................... Progress report 工作进展情况报告137.......................Protocol 议定书138. ............................................ Provisional agenda 临时议程139. ...................... Public gallery 公众旁听席140.Public meeting 公开会议141.the vote 把问题付诸表决Put a question to 142.提出书面问题Put a written question 143. ......................登记发言speakers list on one's 144. Put name the of10/ 5模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照调查表，问题单Questionnaire 145.提出程序问题of order Raise 146. a point提出原则性的反对意见of principle 147. Raise an objection主席助理，报告员Rappotuer 148.批准公约a Convention 149. Ratify忆及规则的条款the rules 150. Recall the terms of Recommendation 建议151.Record in the minutes 列入会议记录152.Refer to existing traditions 参照现存惯例 ...................... 153.参照原文 ...................... 154. Refer to the textan Refuse appointment 不接受责任、职务155.不接受职务office Refuse an 156.157. ...................... 拒绝带头Refuse to take the initiativeRegional 规则（条例，规章）conference 158.159. the appropriate committee 送交主管的委员会Remit tooffice Renewal of term of 连任160.Renounce the office of 161. chairman 辞去主席的职务Report 报告162. ...................... ...................... Representation 163. 代表权......................164. Representative 代表 ......................征询法律意见Request a legal opinion 165.166. Request 请发言人不under the to the speaker keep point discussion要离开主题167. 保留Reservations168. to one's Reserve right answer 保留以后再答复的权stage at a later利决议Resolution 169.170. Resolution 决议委员会committeeto time the Restrict 171. accorded 限制发言时间speakers172. a Resume debate 继续辩论10/ 6模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照继续开会173. Resume a sitting继续担任主席174. Resume the chairmanship表决权175. Right of vote点名176. Role Call讲台177. Rostrum圆桌会议178. Round table meeting规则，法规179. Rulesof 180. Rules procedure 议事规则181. Seat 座位182. Secret ballot 无记名投票183. Secretariat 秘书处184. Secretary General 秘书长185. Serve in (a Board) 在（理事会）中担任理事186.Set up a committee 设立一个委员会187. Signatory to a convention 公约签字国188. Signatory 附议国Sit on a committee 参加委员会为委员189.Setting Agenda 确定议题the 190.在坐席上发言from one's place Speak 191.起草国Sponsor 192.休会Stand adjourned 193.election for 担任候选人Stand 194.body 常设机构Standing 195.声明，发言Statement 196. ...................... 地位Status 197.......................Statutes 章程198....................... 指导委员会Steering committee 199. ...................... Sub-committee 小组委员会200.小标题，副标题Sub-heading 201.10/ 7模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照提出决议草案a draft resolution 202.Submitgoverning…服从有关……的规则203. Submit to the rulesSubsidiary body 附属机构204.Substantive 实质行动议motion 205.替代的决议Substitute resolution 206.简要记录（纪要）Summary record 207.支持（某人）的候选资格a candidature 208. Support支持某个提名a nomination 209. Supportthe rules 放弃对规则的适用210. Suspendthe sitting 停止会议211. Suspenda motion 对动议作出决定212. Take a decision uponproposal 赞成（反对）a 213. Take stand for (against) a consideration 考虑到214. Take intopoll 参加选举215. Take part in afloor 发言216. Take the开始讨论discussion 217. Take up the技术顾问Technical 218. adviser ......................任期219. Term of office发言登记已截止The list of speakers in closed 220. ......................获得多数The majority is obtained 221.and The majority of members present voting 出席并投票的成员多数222. ...................... The meeting is called to order 宣布会议开始223. ...................... The motion is adopted 动议获得通过224.The motion is rejected 动议被否决225. ...................... The requisite majority 必要的多数226.result 结果是最后的is final The 227.meeting 发言To address the 228.在职be in office To 229.开会session be 230. To in10/ 8模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照司库Treasurer 231.条约Treaty 232.......................三方面Tri-partite 233. ...................... 打字组Typewriting 234. service pool一致同意235. Unanimous vote ............................................ 非正式会议236. Unofficial meeting 有效票237. Valid ballot papers ...................... 逐字记录238. Verbatim record ...................... 速记人员239. Verbatim reporters否决240. Veto副主席241. Vice-Chairman ...................... 副主席242. Vice-Chairmanship副会长243. Vice-Presidency副会长244. Vice-President投票表决245. Vote唱名表决246. Vote by roll call举手表决Vote by show of hands 247. ...................... indicator 248. Vote 表决指示牌......................Vote of thanks 大会申谢249. ...................... Vote on the motion as a whole 表决整个动议250. ...................... Vote without debate 不经辩论的表决251. ...................... Votes cast 已投的票数252.Waive the rules 放弃对规则的适用253.We have a quorum 我们已足法定人数254.撤回提案Withdraw a proposal 255.撤销候选人资格one's candidature Withdraw 256. ...................... languages 工作人员Working 257. ......................工作文件Working paper 258. ......................让渡给他国代表Delegateto Yield 259. Time Another10/ 9模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照让渡给问题Yield Time to Questions 260. .................. Chair让渡给主席to Yield 261. Time10/ 10。
模拟联合国（MUN）简介（精选）
模拟联合国（MUN）简介（精选）第一篇：模拟联合国(MUN)简介（精选）模拟联合国（MUN）简介1.模拟联合国简介 1.1模联的成立在1947年的联合国大会上，成员国一致宣誓：（原文如下）...encourage the teaching of the United Nations Charter and the purposes and principles, the structure, background and activities of the United Nations in the schools and institutes of higher learning of their countries, with particular emphasis on such instruction in elementary and secondary schools.模联即为响应这一提议而创生。
这项活动在欧美已经拥有超过50年的历史，它是由世界各国官方和民间团体特意为青年人组织的活动。
模拟联合国活动发源于美国，自诞生至今，吸引了全球超过200,000名高中生和大学生，全世界每年举办近400个模拟联合国会议。
尽管“模拟联合国”在许多国家进行得如火如荼，但它一直到90年代中期才进入中国，北京大学、人民大学、外交学院、西安交通大学等高校在为这一活动的推广作着不懈的努力。
这项活动使中学生与联合国的形势紧密地联系起来，同时锻炼了其自身的领袖才能，对当今中国中学生的素质教育起着极为重要的作用。
中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国，有着尤为重要的国际责任。
而将成为未来领袖的中学生们，更应意识到肩上担负的使命。
1.2什么是模联？模联（MUN），即模拟联合国（Mode United States）的缩写，是组织学生模拟联合国某些工作的活动。
学生代表某个国家驻联合国大使，对该国的历史，政治，经济，社会文化等方面进行学习，按照类似联合国会议的规则和程序进行发言、游说、辩论、谈判，国家集团间达成共识，产生决议草案，并按照联合国的表决程序进行投票从而形成决议。
最新模联词汇
• 罗伯特议事规则 Robert’s Rules of Order • 自1876年首次出版，由罗伯特将军编撰的《罗伯特议事规则》已成为世界上最广受承认的议事规则
标准，也是模拟联合国规则流程制定的蓝本。无论对于议事专家、还是新上任的协会主席来说，它 都是高效、有序、公平的会议的有力保障。
表决赞成、反对或弃权。对于一个议题，一个委员会只能通过一个决议草案，一旦有一份决议草案 获得通过，将不会再对未表决的决议草案进行投票。
• 议事规则 Rules of procedure • 模拟联合国会议召开所遵循的程序与规则。 •S • 附议 Second • 赞同一个被提出的动议。很多动议必须有附议才能投票表决。 • 秘书处 Secretariat • 秘书处又称组委会，主要负责模拟联合国会议的学术及会务组织工作，通常由学术总监、代表联系
表剩余发言时间内发言。如时间还有剩余，不得再让渡给另一位代表。
• 让渡给主席 Yield Time to the Chair • 代表将剩余时间让给主席，意味着代表将放弃时间。主席将继续主持
会议。
• 让渡给问题 Yield Time to Questions • 代表将剩余时间让渡给问题，主席会请需要提问的代表举牌，并随机
正案与非友好修正案。
•B • 背景指导 Background Guide • 背景指导是一份关于会议即将讨论议题的调研报告，一般由会议主席团撰写，并在会
前分发给各国代表。
• 约束力 Binding • 约束力是指联合国决议对成员国具有法律效力。安理会决议和联合国国际法庭的判决
是具有约束力的；而联合国大会和经社委员会的决议不具有约束力aucus • 一种代表可以离开座位自由组合与交谈的磋商形式。使在正式辩论和有主持核心磋商过程中程度上
模联流程以及基本用语
模联流程以及基本用语Model United Nations (MUN) is a simulation of the United Nations where students take on the roles of representatives from various countries. Through MUN, students have the opportunity to learn about international relations, diplomacy, and the functioning of the United Nations. In the beginning, delegates are assigned a countryto represent and are tasked with researching the foreign policy of that country. They then participate in debates, negotiate with other delegates, and draft resolutions to address global issues.模拟联合国（MUN）是一个模拟联合国的活动，学生扮演各国代表的角色。
通过MUN，学生有机会了解国际关系、外交以及联合国的运作方式。
一开始，代表们会被分配一个国家来代表，并被要求研究该国的外交政策。
然后他们参与辩论，与其他代表协商，并起草决议以解决全球问题。
One of the key aspects of the MUN process is the use of parliamentary procedure, which is a set of rules and practices used to conduct meetings and make decisions. Parliamentary procedure helps ensure that debates are conducted in an orderly and efficient manner, with delegates following established protocols for speaking,making motions, and voting on resolutions. Understanding parliamentary procedure is essential for delegates to effectively participate in MUN conferences and contribute to the dialogue.MUN conferences are typically organized by schools, universities, or non-profit organizations and bring together students from diverse backgrounds and cultures. These conferences provide a platform for students to engage in discussions on a wide range of global issues, such as climate change, human rights, and international security. By participating in MUN conferences, students develop critical thinking, public speaking, and negotiation skills, as well as gain a better understanding of complex international issues.In addition to participating in MUN conferences, delegates can also engage in Model UN clubs at their schools or universities. These clubs offer opportunities for students to practice their MUN skills, engage in debates, and prepare for upcoming conferences. Model UN clubs often host practice simulations, workshops, and guest speakers to help students improve their understanding of global affairs and enhance their diplomatic skills. Joining a Model UN club can provide delegates with a supportive community of like-mindedindividuals who share a passion for international relations and diplomacy.One of the challenges delegates may face during MUN conferences is balancing their national interests with the need for cooperation and compromise. Delegates must represent the foreign policy of their assigned country accurately while also working towards consensus on resolutions with other delegates. This requires delegates to navigate complex geopolitical dynamics, build alliances, and find common ground with countries that may have opposing viewpoints. Developing the ability to negotiate diplomatically and advocate for their country's interests effectively is a crucial skill for delegates to master in MUN.Overall, participating in Model United Nations offers students a unique and enriching experience that allows them to deepen their understanding of global issues and develop valuable skills for the future. By engaging in debates, negotiations, and collaborations with peers from around the world, delegates hone their critical thinking, communication, and leadership abilities. Model UN not only prepares students for future careers in international relations, law,and public policy but also fosters a sense of global citizenship and a commitment to solving complex problems through diplomacy and cooperation.参加模拟联合国为学生提供了一次独特而丰富的经验，使他们加深对全球问题的理解，并为未来发展宝贵的技能。
模拟联合国会场专业术语
MUN会议的参与者叫做“代表”。“代表”既可能是国家，也可能是国际组织、非政府组织，或是一些特定的角色，如某国总统、总理。
【Delegate/代表团】
同一个国家的所有代表叫做一个“代表团”。若干代表组成一个国家的代表团，参与到委员会的议题中，以国家代表的身份进行演讲、辩论和游说等，争取国家利益的最大化，提出针对特定议题的解决方案。
问题和动议——Points and Motions
动议更改发言时间——Motions to set speaking time
E.g. Delegate：I have a motion for setting the speaking time for 90 seconds，since the time is a little bit longer than needed…etc.
会议的日程和时间安排
MUN既可以是2-3个小时的短会，也可以是3-5天的长会。但不论会期长短，代表们的目的都是一致的——通过广泛协商合作，以争取其所代表国家的国家利益能在特定议题（Topic Area）的决议（Resolution）中得到充分的体现。
每位代表正式发言后，可以有问题、动议。
b． 不友好修正案（未经所有起草国同意）：在决议草案投票前，按照决议草案处理流程处理，若通过则成为某份决议草案一部分。
9. 结束会议（Close the debate）
由一位代表以动议的形式提出。若通过则进入对决议草案的投票。
非正式辩论——Informal Debate
有主持核心磋商——Moderated Caucus
自有磋商——Unmoderated Caucus
立场文件——Position Paper
模拟联合国大会相关词汇
弃权Abstain议程Agenda修正案Amendment背景指导Background Guide约束力Binding国家集团Bloc集团领导者Bloc Leader磋商Caucus主席Chair委员会Committee危机Crisis主席团Dais代表Delegate代表团Delegation会议总监Director决议草案Draft Resolution指令草案Draft Directive指导教师Faculty Advisor会议流程Flow of the Debate正式辩论Formal Debate友好修正案Friendly Amendment槌Gavel地球村Global Village首席代表Head Delegate支持In favor of游说Lobbying成员国Member State有主持核心磋商Moderated Caucus动议Motion动议停止辩论Motion to Close Debate动议有主持核心磋商动议Motion for a Moderated Caucus动议更改发言时间Motion to Set Speaking Time动议暂停会议Motion to Suspend the Meeting动议自由磋商Motion for an Unmoderated Caucus模联人MUNer观察员Observer被讨论状态On the floor行动性条款Operative Clause Page 意向条Pager 意向条传递者Parliamentary Procedure 议会议事程序Placard 国家牌Point 问题Point of Order 组织性问题Point of Inquiry 咨询性问题Point of Personal Privilege 个人特权问题Position Paper 立场文件Preambulatory Clauses 序言性条款Present 到/出席Procedural Questions 程序性问题法定人数Quorum主席助理Rapporteur决议Resolution答辩权Right of Reply罗伯特议事规则Robert’s Rules of Order点名Roll Call唱名表决Roll Call Vote议事规则Rules of procedure附议Second秘书处Secretariat秘书长Secretary General附议国Signatory简单多数Simple Majority发言名单Speakers’ List发言时间Speaking Time三分之二多数Two Thirds Majority自由磋商Unmoderated Caucus非友好修正案Unfriendly Amendment Veto 否决权Vote 投票Voting Procedure 投票阶段工作文件Working Paper让渡Yield让渡给他国代表Yield Time to Another Delegate让渡给主席Yield Time to the Chair让渡给问题Yield Time to Questions让渡给评论Yield Time to Comments。
模联专业术语解释
模联专业术语解释（英文版）Adjourn - All UN or Model UN sessions end with a vote to adjourn. This means that the debate is suspended until the next meeting. This can be a short time (e.g., overnight) or a long time (until next year's conference).Agenda - The order in which the issues before a committee will be discussed. The first duty of a committee following the roll call is usually to set the agenda.Amendment - A change to a draft resolution on the floor. Can be of two types: a "friendly amendment" is supported by the original draft resolution's sponsors, and is passed automatically, while an "unfriendly amendment" is not supported by the original sponsors and must be voted on by the committee as a whole.Background guide - A guide to a topic being discussed in a Model UN committee usually written by conference organizers and distributed to delegates before the conference. The starting point for any research before a Model UN conference.Bloc - A group of countries in a similar geographical region or with a similar opinion on a particular topic. Caucus - A break in formal debate in which countries can more easily and informally discuss a topic. There are two types: moderated caucuss and unmoderated caucus.Chair - A member of the dais that moderates debate, keeps time, rules on points and motions, and enforces the rules of procedure. Also known as a Moderator.Dais - The group of people, usually high school or college students, in charge of a Model UN committee. It generally consists of a Chair, a Director, and a Rapporteur.Delegate - A student acting as a representative of a member state or observer in a Model UN committee for a weekend.Director- A member of the dais that oversees the creation of working papers and draft resolutions, acts as an expert on the topic, makes sure delegates accurately reflect the policy of their countries。
模联词汇
1、表明自己国家立场的词汇（在陈述时使用）China thinks/believes/realizes/affirms/claims/states/addresses/declares/notices/considers/reminds/recalls/observes that…. China is aware of…China bears in mind /keeps in mind2、表明自己国家意愿China hopes/wishes /desires thatChina appeals to /expects to/devotes attention to/would like toChina accepts sth..China encourages…3、强调自己国家立场China reiterates/emphasizes/reaffirms/China takes sth into account/ notes with deep concern/takes sth into consideration4、呼吁建议别国做某事China calls upon/suggests/purposes/commends/recommends/demands/requires/appeals thatChina urges to/calls for5、表达反对观点China disapproves/6、赞同他国代表的话China expresses its appreciation/ express its satisfaction /notes with approval/views with appreciationChina supports/endorses thatChina highly appreciates sth/ is delighted to/ is eager to,7、表达愤怒同情等感情China strongly condemns/deplores/ deeply regret /feels deeply disturbed/ solemnly affirms thatChina expresses its deepest sympathy and condolences to8、常用副词（表示程度）Fully, further, deeply ,highly9、补充词汇forntier region, border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家consultations/negotiations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无mitigate 缓和fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营country of one's residence 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use 实用，有效，廉价，方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast 中东neutral state, neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty 维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况回顾性条款用语• Affirming, Reaffirming, Alarmed by;• Aware of, Bearing in mind, Fully aware;• Realizing, Recognizing, Taking into account;表达希望或遗憾的用语• Desiring, Expecting, Seeking, Welcoming• Noting with deep concern, Noting with regret• Fully believing, Believing, Viewing with appreciation• 表肯定与支持• Accepts, Affirms, Approves, Endorses, Reaffirms;• Confirms, Emphasizes, Supports, Trusts, Believes;• 表否定与遗憾• Deplores, Regrets, Condemns, Expresses its concern;• 表建议• Expresses its hope, Further invites, Encourages;• Suggests, Requests, Recommends, Calls, Urges.• 肯定：Affirms, Reaffirms, Confirms;• 强调：Emphasizes, Underlines;• 谴责：Condemns, Deplores, Regrets;• 赞赏：Endorses, Expresses its appr• 赞赏：Endorses, Expresses its appreciation;• 建议：Suggests, Calls upon/for, Recommends;• 决定：Decides, Demands, Requests, Urges;• 程度词：Further, Fully, Strongly, Deeply.Introductory NoteGeneral Assembly (GA) 联合国大会procedural adj.程序的affirmative a dj.肯定的affirmative vote 赞成票five permanent members of the Security Council 安理会的五个常任理事国Economic and Social Council 经社会consideration n.考虑retain v.保留Preamblepreamble n.前言scourge n.灾难fundamental adj.基本的tolerance n.容忍institution n.制定institution of method 制定方案machinery n.机制promotion n.提升Chapter 1principle n.原则collective adj.集体的suppression n.镇压breach n./v.破坏conformity n.一致adjustment n.调整humanitarian adj.人道主义的harmonize v.协调attainment n.达到pursuit n.追求sovereign n.(国家) 主权dispute n.争端refrain v.抑制territorial integrity 领土完整political independence 政权独立Chapter 2ratify v.批准, 认可admission n.承认expel v.逐出Chapter 3Trusteeship Council 托管委员会International Court of Justice 国际法院Secretariat n.秘书处subsidiary n.附属的eligibility n.合格capacity n.职位Chapter 4disarmament n.裁军armament n.军备notify v.通告codification n.法典impair v.损害designate v.指明strategic adj.重要的, 战略的apportion v.分摊expulsion n.逐出(expel的名词)arrear n.到期未付款convoke v.召集Chapter 5equitable adj.公平的geographical distribution 地理分布prompt adj.迅速的confer v.商讨concurring votes 一致通过abstain v.弃权periodic adj.定期的Chapter 6pacific adj.和平的negotiation n.交涉enquiry n.询问mediation n.调停conciliation n.安抚arbitration n.仲裁judicial settlement 司法解决friction n.摩擦Chapter 7 trust territory n.托管领土mandate v.把(某一地区) 置于委任管理下detach v.分离construe v.解释Chapter 13petition n.请求Chapter 14annex v.附属statute n.法令ipso facto adv.根据实施incumbent a dj.负有义务的recourse v.求助Chapter 15Secretary-General 秘书长Chapter 16miscellaneous adj.多方面的invoke v.援引immunity n.豁免权Chapter 18amendment n.修正案agenda n.议程Chapter 19authentic adj.可靠的archives n.档案aggravation n.加剧comply v.顺从provisional adj.暂时的desirable adj.理应的telegraphic adj.电报的severance n.断绝demonstration n.示威blockade n.封堵signatory state 签约国, 附议国contingent n.代表团, 分队authorization n.授权consultation n.咨询regional n.地方性的mutual adj.双方的confront v.面临inherent adj.固有的Chapter 8preclude v.阻止consistent adj.一致的constitute v.建立utilize v.利用contemplation n.计划Chapter 9vest v.授予Chapter 10observance n.遵守convention n.公约competence n.职能范围prescribe v.规定furnish v.提供assign v.分配commission n.委员会deliberation n.审议convene v.集合Chapter 11paramount adj.极为重要的sacred adj.神圣的aspiration n.志向constructive adj.建设性的metropolitan adj.大都市的Chapter 12supervision n.监督trust territory n.托管领土mandate v.把(某一地区) 置于委任管理下detach v.分离construe v.解释Chapter 13petition n.请求Chapter 14annex v.附属statute n.法令ipso facto adv.根据实施incumbent a dj.负有义务的recourse v.求助Chapter 15Secretary-General 秘书长Chapter 16miscellaneous adj.多方面的invoke v.援引immunity n.豁免权Chapter 18amendment n.修正案agenda n.议程Chapter 19 authentic adj.可靠的archives n.档案。
模联专业用语
模拟联合国——Model United Nations联合国大会——General Assembly主席团——Members of the Dais主席——The Chair会议指导——Director主席助理——Rapporteur点名——Roll Call国家牌——Placard到——Present确定议题——Setting the Agenda产生发言名单——Open the Speakers’List意向条——Page让渡时间——Yield Time让渡给他国代表——Yield Time to Another Delegate让渡给问题——Yield Time to Questions让渡给评论——Yield Time to comments让渡给主席——Yield Time to the chair问题和动议——Points and Motions动议更改发言时间——Motions to set speaking timeE.g. Delegate：I have a motion for setting the speaking time for 90 seconds，since the time is a little bit longer than needed…etc.动议暂时中止正式辩论——Motions to suspend the meetingE.g. Delegate：China wants to motion to discuss the problem of…for 15 minutes and each delegate has 30seconds’speaking time。
(or Motion for a 15 minutes unmoderated caucus…etc.) 动议中止发言——Motions to close the speaking list动议结束辩论——Motions to close debate组织性问题——Point of order咨询性问题——Point of Inquiry个人特权问题——Point of Personal Privilege投票表决——Voting点名表决——Roll Call Vote赞成——yes反对——no弃权——abstain简单多数——Simple majority三分之二多数——Two-thirds majority正式辩论——Formal Debate非正式辩论——Informal Debate有主持核心磋商——Moderated Caucus自有磋商——Unmoderated Caucus立场文件——Position Paper工作文件——Working Papers决议草案——Draft Resolution起草国——Sponsors附议国——Signatories决议——Resolution行动性条款——Operative Clauses序言条款——Pre-ambulatory Clauses修正案——Amendments友好修正案——Friendly Amendments非友好修正案——Unfriendly Amendments 游说与商讨——Lobby and Negotiation。
模拟联合会
A、什么是模联？模联（MUN），即模拟联合国（Mode United Nations）的缩写，是组织学生模拟联合国某些工作的活动。
学生们扮演各个国家的外交官，以联合国大会的形式，通过阐述观点、政策辩论、投票表决、做出决议等亲身经历，熟悉联合国的运作方式，了解世界发生大事对他们未来的影响，了解自身在未来可以发挥的作用。
学生代表某个国家驻联合国大使，对该国的历史，政治，经济，社会文化等方面进行学习，按照类似联合国会议的规则和程序进行发言、游说、辩论、谈判，国家集团间达成共识，产生决议草案，并按照联合国的表决程序进行投票从而形成决议。
每次模联大会主办方将选出对于联合国十分重要的议题加以讨论。
当你参加模联时，你将会进行会前研究，了解议题、“你的国家”的地位、现实世界中“你的国家”的联盟等等。
在模联大会上你和其他代表将会在委员会中进行大量时间的辩论、结盟、总结工作报告、起草立场文件、工作文件和最终决议等等。
可以说模拟联合国大会能够使学生的综合能力得到充分的锻炼。
“模拟联合国”是当今世界上个名牌大学的一项历史悠久，开展广泛的学生活动。
不仅许多名牌大学有自己的“模拟联合国”组织，而且此项活动还得到很多国家的官方支助，联合国组织也予以积极的鼓励和支持。
“模拟联合国”是一项健康积极、极富教育意义的学生活动。
“模拟联合国”活动的开展有利于增进同学们组织、策划、筹款和财务管理的能力，研究和写作的能力，公开发言和辩论的能力，解决冲突、寻求妥协和达成一致从而缔结合作的能力，运用英语的能力，与他人沟通交往等多方面能力。
还能够增强同学们对于联合国组织的结构、程序和功能的认识，促进他们对于当前的重大国际议题的理解以及对于围绕着这些议题的全球进程的参与精神。
同时，“模拟联合国”中所探讨的涉及裁军、环保和社会发展等诸多方面的国际议题多具有跨学科的性质，"模拟联合国"的活动也对所有学科的同学开放，这有助于加强跨学科的交流。
模联是什么
模联是什么
模联是模拟联合国(Model United Nations)的简称-模联(MUN)，是对联合国大会和其它多边机构的仿真学术模拟，是为青年人组织的公他们与友好的国家沟通协作，解决冲突；通过写作决议草案和投票表决来推进国际问题的解决。
目的是：促进学生了解国际政治基础常识及相关知识，激发学生对国际政治基础常识及相关知识的兴趣，同时提高学生在互相交流、共赢合作、自我表达、应急决策，组织团队等方面的意识并锻炼其以上活动及其他能力的活动。
通过给予学生在虚拟世界中的一种特殊身份，如外交官、某国际组织的工作人员等，令其在其中扮演该角色，以面对事件和解决事情。
并通过自己的知识与经验积累与其他同样身份的参与者相商以处理
相应事件或对相应主题进行讨论。
模联专用术语
现在台上有一××文件，现已下发到各位代表手中。
现在请本决议草案/修正案的起草国介绍本决议草案/修正案。
×国代表，你有×分钟时间。
现在有一动议，动议大会停止辩论，开始投票。
请支持的国家高举国家牌（点出3个国家A、B、C）；请反对的国家高举国家牌（点出3个国家D、E、F）。
A 代表你有2分钟的时间陈述理由……D代表，你有2分钟的时间陈述理由……B代表，你有2分钟的时间陈述理由……E代表，你有2分钟的时间陈述理由……C代表，你有2分钟的时间陈述理由……F代表，你有2分钟的时间陈述理由……现在开始投票，现在进行投票，请支持的代表高举国家牌……请反对的代表高举国家牌……（不通过）此动议未获通过。
台下有无动议或问题？（通过）此动议获得通过，现在开始对决议草案×.×的投票。
现在封闭会场，开始重新点名……请被点到名的国家高举国家牌，并说：赞成、反对或跳过……决议草案×.×获得通过，请投反对票的国家上台陈述理由。
二、英语术语Role call: 点名Present: 到Placard: 席卡Page: 意向条Simple Majority: 简单多数Two-thirds Majority: 三分之二多数Are there any points or motions on the floor?: 台下有无任何问题或动议？Set the topic: 确定议题Formal Debate: 正式辩论General Speaker’s List: 主发言名单To whom would you like to yield your time?: 您希望怎样让度您的时间三种选择：1. Back to Chair：将时间让渡给主席——即剩余时间作废2. To the floor：将时间让渡给台下——即回答台下提出的问题或提出评论。
3. To XX：将时间让渡给某国代表。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Binding 约束力
Binding is the legal force to impose UN resolutions on the Member States. Resolutions of Security Council and the Internaitonal Court of Justice are binding. Decisions made by the General Assembly and Economic and Social Council are non-binding.
主席是负责主持辩论、计时、裁决问题及动议，并执行会议流程的主席团成员。
Committee 委员会
A committee is a deliberative assembly, an organization comprising members who use parliamentary procedure for making decisions. In Model UN conference, committees are usually the simulations of principal organs, subsidiary bodies, programs, funds, research and training institutes, special organizations, entities or regional commissions of UN system. Delegates discuss relevant topics and resolutions according to the given functions, powers, and rules of procedure of the committees.
会议总监是负责监督代表角色扮演、文件写作及议题调研的主席团成员。
DraftLeabharlann Resolution 决议草案 Written by the delegates, draft resolution is a form of document that seeks to solve the issues addressed by a Model UN committee. If passed by the committee, the draft resolution will become a resolution. Only one draft resolution will be passed for each topic in a committee.
点名完毕后，委员会所设定的议题讨论顺序。
Amendment 修正案
Amendment is a form of document to amend a draft resolution. The two types of amendments are friendly amendment and unfriendly amendment.
代表团是指模联会议中，在不同委员会代表同一个成员国或观察国的全体代表。代表团也指来自同一参与团体的所有代表，例如来自同一高中或大学的全体代表。
Director 会议总监
Director is a member of the dais who is in charge of overseeing delegates' role-playing, document writing and topic researching.
在一个关于实体性问题的投票中，代表除了可以选择“是”或者“否”，还可以选择“弃权”。这意味着此代表既不支持也不反对正在进行投票表决的决议。
Agenda 议程
Agenda is the order of topics to be discussed in a conference, usually being set after the roll call.
“委员会”是一个协商会议，一个由代表组成,按议事程序讨论议题并做出决策的有序组织。模拟联合国会议中的委员会大多模仿联合国主要机构、附属机构、规划署、基金会、调研及培训机构、特殊组织、实体和区域委员会建立。代表需依据所在委员会的职权范围和议事规则讨论相关议题。
Crisis 危机
"Crisis", to which delegates must respond immediately, is an emergent matter or unexpected event that happens during a conference. Usually designed by the dais before the conference, a crisis may be related to the topic being discussed on the floor. The forms of crisis include news report, official document from international organizations, video profile, or directive from embassies or governments.
主席团由主席、会议总监和主席助理组成，负责组织模拟联合国的会议。
Delegate 代表
Representing an UN Member State, an observer or an international organization, delegate is a person chosen or elected to express views in a Model UN conference.
磋商是正式辩论过程中一种深入讨论议题的方式。磋商分为两种类型：有主持核心磋商和自由磋商。
Chair 主席
Chair is a member of the dais who is responsible for moderating debate, timing, ruling on points and motions, and imposing the rules of procedure.
决议草案是由代表草拟、为委员会所讨论的议题寻求解决方案的一种文件格式。如果被投票通过，那么决议草案就成为正式决议。在一个委员会中，有关同一个议题的决议草案只能通过一份。
Draft Directive 指令草案
Draft directive is a form of document that aims at successfully solving the crisis. A draft directive is only composed by operative clauses. The actions taken under the directive need to be instant and effective instead of long-term. Amandments are welcome to a draft directive, of which the unfriendly ones shall be passed after votes.
约束力是指联合国决议对成员国具有法律效力。安理会决议和联合国国际法庭的判决是具有约束力的；而联合国大会和经社委员会的决议不具有约束力。
Bloc 国家集团
A bloc is a group of countries within a same geographical region or holding similar country positions on a particular topic. The determining factor in forming a bloc is sharing the common national interests.
危机是会议进行当中，各国代表需要立即处理的突发性事件。模联会议中的危机一般由主席团在会前设置好，事件可能与代表们讨论的议题相关。事件的形式有若干种，可能是突发事件的新闻报道，可能是国际组织的文件，可能是相关人员的视频资料，也可能是外交官派出国政府发来的外交指令等。
D
Dais 主席团
Usually consisted of a Chair, a Director and a Rapporteur, a dais is a group of people in charge of a Model UN conference.
模拟联合国词典
按英文字母排序：A｜B｜C｜D｜F｜G｜H｜I｜L｜M｜O｜P｜Q｜R｜S｜T｜U｜V｜W｜Y
A
Abstain 弃权
During a vote on a substantive matter, a delegate may abstain rather than vote yes or no. This means that the delegate neither supports nor opposes the resolution on the go.
代表是模拟联合国会议中受委托或指派表达意见的人，可以代表一个联合国成员国，一个观察国，或一个国际组织。
Delegation 代表团
Delegation is a group of delegates representing the same UN Member State, an observer or an international organization in a Model UN conference. Delegation is also used to describe the delegates from the same participating group, e.g. the same high school or college.