苏教版五年级(上)英语语法
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一.语法点(理解)
1.There be句型表示“某处有某物”
(1)其中there is 用于单数名词或不可数名词,如:
There is a pencil case in the school bag. There is some soup/milk /tea/coffee/juice/water/chocolate.
(2)There are用于可数名词的复数,如:There are some desks in the classroom.
(3)There be 句型的就近原则:be
动词后面如果跟的是不止一种物品,就根据离它最近的物品选用is或are.如:There are some pictures and a telephone. There is a telephone and some pictures.
2.There be 句型的否定形式:在be动词的后面加not(is not可以缩写为isn't,are not可以缩写为aren't)把some 改成any。
例:There is a pencil in the pencil-box.(改为否定句)There isn't a pencil in the pencil-box.
There are some crayons on the desk.(改为否定句)There aren't any crayons on the desk.
3.“some”和“any”都有“一些”的意思.“some”一般用于肯定句,“any”用于否定句和一般疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求,想得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中,也用“some”.
例:1.There are some watermelons in the basket.(肯定句)
2.There aren't any birds in the tree.(否定句)
3.Are there any toy trains on the table?(疑问句
) 4.Would you like some tea?(表委婉请求)
4.can在否定句中的用法:表示某人不能做某事时,通常在can后面加否定词not, 后面加动词原形。Bobby cannot(can’t) see any cakes in the fridge.
5. 感叹句的结构:感叹句常用how或what来引导
(1)what引导的感叹句
a.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数!What a beautiful house!
b.What+形容词+可数名词复数!What nice dresses!
c. What+形容词+不可数名词!What delicious milk!
(2)how引导的感叹句How+形容词/副词!How nice!
二.四、语法点(理解)
1.How many...(可数名词复数) are there...? 用于询问某处有多少...
例:
How many classrooms are there in our school? 2.There be 的一般疑问句,是将be动词提前到there的前面,表示“有......?”
(1)Is there...? Yes, there is ./ No, there isn’t . 例:Is there a music room ?
(2)Are there any...? Yes, there are./ No, there aren’t. 例:Are there any books?
3.几个缩写isn’t = is not aren’t= are not it’s = it is they’re= they are
4.序数词
one ----- first two --- second three---- third four---fourth five---fifth six---sixth
5.在楼层前用介词on , on the first /second/ third floor 在一/二/三楼...
三、语法have / has 的用法
1、表示某人有某物。
2、主语是第一、第二人称单数和复数时用have, 如I,you, we, they, the students …
主语是第三人称单数时用has, 如he, she, it, Helen, the bird, my father …
3、肯定句:…have / has …
We have a PE lesson on Monday morning. / It has a long tail. 否定句:…don’t / doesn’t +have …
They don’t have animal friends. / She doesn’t have a dog.
一般疑问句:Do / Does …have …Yes, …do / does. No, …don’t / don’t.
Do you have a f ootball? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Does he have a toy car? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
四、语法
1. 询问别人喜欢干某事,What do/ does …like doing ?
喜欢干某事like doing sth, doing
表示喜欢经常做一件事。主语是第三人称单数时注意like后面加s.
不喜欢干某事don’t/ doesn’t like doing sth
2.动名词的变化规律:
a. 一般情况下在动词后面加ing. 如going, reading, drawing, playing…
b. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加ing. 如dancing, making…
c. 以“元音+辅音”结尾的重读闭音节单词,先双写辅音字母再加ing. 如swimming, running, getting, putting…
五【语法知识】
1. 如何询问他人的职业
1)What does + 某人(your father, David...)do ? He / She is a / an +职业(farmer, teacher, doctor...)
例如:What does your father do? He is a doctor. 你爸爸做什么的?他是一个医生。
还可以这么问他人的职业:
2)What is + 某人?What is your father? 你爸爸做什么的?
3)What’s somebody’s job? What’s your father’s job? 你爸爸做什么的?
2. 询问“你”的职业
1) What’s your job? 你是做什么的?I am an English teacher. 我是一个英语老师。
2)What do you do? 你是做什么的I am a worker. 我是一名工人。
动词在第三人称单数形式的变化规则
规则例词
一般情况下,直接在动词的词尾加-s。run - runs look - looks see -sees say -says
以-s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o结尾的动词,一般在词尾加-es. teach-teaches go-goes fix-fixes wash-washes
pass-passes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先边y为i, 再加-es. study-studies try- tries
以元音字母加y结尾的动词,直接在词尾加-s。play-plays stay-stays
注意:go(三单)——goes have(三单)——has
六语法
1. Does he / she …? 一般疑问句句中没有be动词,变为一般疑问句要借助助动词do / does。助动词形态由主语的人称决定。
Does he / she …? 主语为第三人称单数,用does其结构为:Does +主语+谓语动词+其他?
2. What subjects does …like? 特殊疑问句这个句子用来询问他人喜欢什么科目的疑问句。用于第三人称单数,在本句中用助动词does。注意回答时like后面要加s。
七、语法:1.频率副词always , usually, often , sometimes ,按其频率高低排列为:always > usually > often > sometimes。
2. 询问某人在周末做什么的句型—What (do /does ) 主语do at weekends? 答句: 主语+动词原形/动词三单形式……
. ★do / does: 助动词,由主语的人称数而定. 主语是第三人称单数时,用does, 主语是第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数时,用do.
★答句: 如果主语是第三人称单数,则要用动词三单形式;主语是第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数时用动词原形。