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上海市奉贤区2018届高三上学期期末调研测试英语试卷

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奉贤区高三英语第一学期期末

奉贤区高三英语第一学期期末

奉贤区高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷英语试题本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。

考试结束后，考生务必将答题卡交回。

注意事项：1．考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

2．答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写。

3．答题卡选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，将选中项涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准，修改时用橡皮擦除干净。

4．答题卡非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答均不得分。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，共7．5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

1．How often does the woman go to the gym?A．Several times a week．B．Twice a month．C．Once a week．2．Which one is Daisy's mother?3．What might be the relationship between the two speakers?A．Patient and doctor．B．Mother and son．C．Manager and secretary4．What is the man doing?A．Buying some furniture．B．Renting an apartment．C．Working on the house．5．How does the man feel?A．Nervous．B．Tired．C．Annoyed．第二节（共15小题；每题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2018届上海市奉贤区高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题及答案

2018届上海市奉贤区高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题及答案

2018届上海市奉贤区高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题及答案2018学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷（1.16）（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上。

）第I卷（共 103分）I. ListeningSection A Short conversations (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. At the theatre.C. In a meeting room.D. At the office.2. A. Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient.C. Manager and office worker.D. Travel agent and customer.3. A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four4. A. Reading newspapers. B. Writing up local news.C. Talking about sports.D. Putting up advertisement.5. A. He rescued a baby from a fire. B. He behaved bravely ina fire.C. He ran the fastest in a race.D. He jumped from a carriage which was on fire.6. A. Take a break. B. Go to work.C. Do the other problem.D. Keep trying.7. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He doesn’t think he is cap able of doing the job.C. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family.D. He wants to spend more time with his family.8. A. Thirty yuan. B.Thirty-five yuan.C. Forty yuan.D. Forty-five yuan.9. A. He wants to get a new position. B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D. He enjoys letter writing.10. A. He probably won’t listen to the man’s advice.B. He has made a good decision.C. He has done the thing.D. He will follow the man’s advice.Section B Passages (12分)Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Photos as clues to the past. B. Fashionable families in recent history.C. Photographers of the past.D. Details of photography from the past.12. A. Their shoes. B. Some money. C. Their relatives’ hands.D. Theirplaythings.13. A. The location of the house.B. The social and economic position of the family.C. The types of games children played.D. The profession of the owner of the house.14. A. Its meat as a source of food. B. The wide classification of penguins.C. The penguin’s successful career.D. Penguin’s life in groups.15. A. The king penguin. B. The emperor penguin.C. The bare-footed penguin.D. The。

上海市奉贤区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

上海市奉贤区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

2017-2018第二学期奉贤区调研测试三高英语II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to lift. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better."Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems togo out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that(21) . (inspire) byloneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Insteadit's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as thecountry's very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)(deal) with the lonelinessthat the country's been feeling--a problem which, according to UK government research, isaffecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)be more harmful to one'sphysical and mental health than smoking l5 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by TheTelegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)(likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those fromother European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)(affect) Britons only. In fact, we're all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of theworld now being linked tothe internet,(26)_____has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27). we need, accordingto Kim Leadbetter, sister of the lateUK politician Jo Cox,is to have“proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy.We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, onour laptops. (28)busy we are,we need to press pause on that andactually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbettersaid at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)(fight) this problem are to accept its existence and notbe ashamed or frightened by it. After all,.(30) loneliness, many beautiful paintings,songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simplypart of the experience of being human.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedonlyRobots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it'sbecoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now,it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories-such as the very one you'rereading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association (PA), a UK news service, hascreated a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tellapart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism” by BBC News, suchsoftware "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA'ssoftware is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism,many publishers areusing robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results toofficial 35 on social issues.For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its ownrobo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to each website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2417, as well ashundreds of social media 36 . So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We'renaturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle,“Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some ofthe work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather thantake away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talkingabout, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alertingeditors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard University's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that whilerobo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replacetraditional human creativity."Good journalism is not justa matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developedover decades," he told BBC News."The really difficultpart of what professional journalists do-carefully 40 information and presentingbalanced, contextualized(全景式的)stories-will be very hard formachines to master."III. Reading ComprehensionSectionADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping amoderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have onyour longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more 44 and lessneurotic(神经质的)than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympatheticand cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement withwhat you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and helpothers can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 . other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old.Also,being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstandingpsychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destiny(命运)，and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just matter of your physical health but of your mental health.Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41.A. statements B. definitions C.applications D.explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C.rely on D.consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C.examining D.diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C.persuasive D.sensitive45. A. agreeable B.normal C.changeable D.formal46. A. resources B.associations C.procedures D.interactions47. A, therefore B.however C.furthermore D.otherwise48. A. in other words B.as usual C.in addition D.for instance49. A. resistant B.open C.blind D.alert50. A. perspective B.ambition C.personality D.philosophy51. A, reject B.strive C.claim D.oppose52. A. extend B.restrict C.shorten D.determine53. A. unhealthy B.nutritious C.adequate D.moderate54. A. predictable B.advisable C.sustainable D.enjoyable55. A.temptation B.introduction C.adaptation D.objectionSectionBDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that lie had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise,the ever-frugal(一惯节省的)Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking ail city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from Isis wife. Itread:"Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner,Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when .he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor .He bent forward to pick, it up. It read:"Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider，and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase.”Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone Loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michael's plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael_.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanG. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to。

上海市奉贤区2018届高三下学期调研测试(二模)英语试卷word版含答案

上海市奉贤区2018届高三下学期调研测试(二模)英语试卷word版含答案

2017-2018第二学期奉贤区调研测试三高英语I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.At an airport B.In a hotel C.At a police station D.At a restaurant2.A.At 4:20 B.At 4:40 C.At 4:50 D.At 4:303.A.Its price B.Its location C.Its comfort D.Its facilities4. A Employer and employee. B. Husband and wife.C. Teacher and student.D. Patient and doctor.5. A. To caocl his trip. B. To go to bed early.C. To catch the later FlightD. To ask for a morning call6. A. Cathy already knows about the exhibit B. Cathy has to act in a play.C. He did show her one of the signs.D. There will be an exhibit in the theatre7. A The critic has a very fumy comment on the musical.B. The woman agrees will the man's opinion of the musical.C. The woman has it very positive comment on the musical.D. The men and the woman differ in their opinion of the musical.8. A. David never likes to play tennis. B. David's unable to play tennis with them.C. David isn't a very good tennis player.D. David is in town for a game of tennis.9．A. Satisfied. B. Impatient. C. Exhausted. D. Amused.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to lift. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better." Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that(21) . (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country's very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)(deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling--a problem which, according to UK government research, isaffecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking l5 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)(likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those fromother European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)(affect) Britons only. In fact, we're all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet,(26)_____has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27). we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox,is to have “proper human conne ctions"."Our lives nowadays are so busy.We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28)busy we are,we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)(fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all,.(30) loneliness, many beautiful paintings,songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being human.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used onlyRobots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now,it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories-such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association (PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism” by BBC News, suchsoftware "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism,many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues.For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its ownrobo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to each website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2417, as well as hundreds of social media 36 . So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that cou ld replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle,“Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard University's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that whilerobo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC News."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do-carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的)stories-will be very hard for machines to master."III. Reading ComprehensionSectionADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more 44 and less neurotic(神经质的)than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement withwhat you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 . other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old.Also,being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destiny(命运)，and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just matter of your physical health but of your mental health.Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41.A. statements B. definitions C.applications D.explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C.rely on D.consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C.examining D.diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C.persuasive D.sensitive45. A. agreeable B.normal C.changeable D.formal46. A. resources B.associations C.procedures D.interactions47. A, therefore B.however C.furthermore D.otherwise48. A. in other words B.as usual C.in addition D.for instance49. A. resistant B.open C.blind D.alert50. A. perspective B.ambition C.personality D.philosophy51. A, reject B.strive C.claim D.oppose52. A. extend B.restrict C.shorten D.determine53. A. unhealthy B.nutritious C.adequate D.moderate54. A. predictable B.advisable C.sustainable D.enjoyable55. A.temptation B.introduction C.adaptation D.objectionSectionBDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that lie had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise,the ever-frugal(一惯节省的)Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking ail city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from Isis wife. It read:"Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner,Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when .he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor .He bent forward to pick, it up. It read:"Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider，and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase.”Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone Loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michael's plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael_.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanG. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to。

上海市奉贤区2018-2019高三上学期期末教学质量监控英语试题及参考答案

上海市奉贤区2018-2019高三上学期期末教学质量监控英语试题及参考答案

上海市奉贤区2018-2019高三上学期期末教学质量监控英语试题I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you e njoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most int eresting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress w as more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28) (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used onlyWelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been31 continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主) one after the other. Some were greatbuilders, strengthening the Castle against32 and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western33 to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the34 castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is35 used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most36 bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are37 decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It38 among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery39 the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen40 in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is41 .Social scientists are of course42 interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two43 schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between44 of each theory. The controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.Those who45 the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are46 determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is47 to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our48 .Supporter s of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, 49 , claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely 50 by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human b eing is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to51 stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behaviour.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are52 . In the US, forexample, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 53 , say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same54 that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. As a matter of fact, it is quite 55 that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists50. A. shaped B. dominated C. oppressed D. restricted51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55. A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectur es, at 2 pm, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stacking shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing u p in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortuna tely, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’teligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.A.responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.(B)Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer?Should you become a full stack web developer? What courses should you take to prepare you for the job? Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to k now to succeed. Read on to discover if it’s the right path for you:●What is a Full Stack Web Developer?A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back-end web developing. With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish, a full stack developer can plan, manage, and build software with general know-how. A core difference between front and back-end developers is that front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website, while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers, applications, and databases.Combined, they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly. Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs. If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you.●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates. The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026, which is faster than the average rate for all occupations. With an impressive resume, full stack web developers can make $87,661 on average.●Get Started TodayWith the help of the course, you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer. You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go.●Here’s What Y ou’ll Learn in the CoursesBuild web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails, HTML, CSS, and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework, Angular, and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration.60. In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage?A. Arts.B. Science-technology.C. Courses.D. Business.61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases.B. Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills.C. The job prospect for web developers isn’t promising in the long run.D. You can’t start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand.62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To advertise for full stack web developers.B. To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.C. To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer.D. To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.(C)The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic(北欧的) world would recognize the works of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost-to-be.Prematurely gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school. “The Wounded Warrior in the Snow”, a history painting, was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Cornwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Cornwall, Sc hjerfbeck painted “The Convalescent”. A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker(柳条编制的) chair, toying with a sprig(小枝条). The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental(感伤的) and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished, sad expression on the child's face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences. At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the works of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother. “If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life”, she wrote, “then it is because it has to be that way.” In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small, industrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeckbecame a modern painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town.“I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul, which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves”, she wrote, “where everything is still unconscious -- there one can make the greatest discoveries.” She experimented with different kinds of underpainting, scraped and rubbed, made bright rosy red spots; doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious -- her own and that of her models. In 1913, Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist, Gosta Stenman. Once again she was a success.63. Schjerfbeck’s paintings may come as a surprise to many because_______.A. her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic worldB. her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic worldC. her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen themD. her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts64. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood.B. "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck’s sentimental childhood.C. "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck’s childhood.D. "The Convalescent" is featured by the child’s astonished, sorrowful expression.65. Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because of _______.A. she was exhausted by her teaching jobB. her personality prefers this kind of styleC. she could not appreciate the work of the other local paintersD. her mother’s health condition required her to adopt such a life style.66. We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjer fbeck’s paintings is_________.A. her vivid characterization of common peopleB. her capture of the characters’ soulC. the sorrowful expression of the charactersD. her unconscious sense of some mysterious elementsSection CDirections: After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statementsThe quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating.67 Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It's important for inner peace.68 If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is "small stuff".Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. 69 They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience.Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.70 .IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colours and various shapes.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆。

2018届奉贤区高三英语一模试卷及答案

2018届奉贤区高三英语一模试卷及答案

2018学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语一模试卷2018.1本卷命题人：谢永强潘妍汪惠华第一卷<共103分）Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. A television. B. A computer.C. A telescope.D. An elevator.2. A. In a cosmetics shop.B. In a library.C. In a supermarket.D. At home.3. A. Caught cods.B. Watered Julie’s plants.C. Travelled overseas.D. Disapproved o her plan.4. A. He is kind.B. He is impolite.C. He is somewhat busy.D. She has no comments.5. A. Take a break.B. Go to work.C. Keep trying.D. Do other problems6. A. He wants to ride to school with the woman.B. He preers to take the bus to school.C. He has to stand on the bus i he takes it to school.D. He doesn’t think the traic is a problem.7. A. He plans to go home.B. He has not registered yet.C. He does not plan to study.D. He has a very busy schedule.8. A. Allow the woman to go ahead o him.B. Accept the wom an’s apology.C. Go to the ront o the line.D. Apologize to the woman.9. A. He is willing to help her.B. He will help her ater he inishes his assignment.C. He is too busy to help her.D. His car broke down and he couldn’t aord a new one.10. A. More people like dancing.B. There is going to be a party.C. More people should learn dancing.D. Big dances are the most fun.Section B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Envy and encouragement. B. Willpower and determination.C. Decision and understanding.D. Love and respect or her parent.12. A. She had little experience o social lie.B. She could hardly understand the society.C. She would do something or her own lie.D. She needed to travel more around the world.13. A. How Liz managed to enter Harvard University.B. What a hard time Liz had in her childhood.C. Why Liz loved her parents so much.D. How Liz struggled to change her lie.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It’s a preparation or next year’s college entrance examination.B. The SAT test is only held in Hong Kong.C. It includes subject tests and reasoning tests.D. It’s a piece o cake or the Chinese students.15. A. He wanted to enter Harvard or Yale.B. His riends encouraged him to do that.C. He wanted to challenge himsel.D. He wanted to prove that survival o the ittest is true both in America and China.16. A. A growing number o Ch inese students have lost interest in China’s college entrance examination.B. All SAT test takers want to apply or American universities.C. Chen Huanlu, a student rom Shandong, has got high marks in SAT.D. By taking the test, you can learn something more than knowledge.Section C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A >When I was young I wanted to be a model, so when a national contest was nearby, I convinced my parents to take me or an (试演>. I (25>______ (select> and told I had potential.I imagined (26>______ (sign> by some amous model companies. or months, any boredom or disappointment I aced was pushed aside because I knew I ______ (27>(have> the chance to be a real model soon.Of course, I wasn’t signed, but (28> ______ hurt the most was being told that if I grew to 1.75 meters, I could be a success. I prayed or a growth (冲刺> because I didn’t want to give up my dream. Then I made an appointment with a local modeling agency.The agency sent me out on a few auditions but with every day I did not receive a call, I grew more (29> ______ (depress>. The final straw came in July (30> ______ I had decided to ocus on commercial modeling. There was an open call in New York City. We spent hours driving, only to be told that I was too short.Years later, I realize that the trip to New York was good as (31>______ made me notice I didn’t actually love modeling, just the idea of it. I wanted to be special and I was naively determined (32>______(reach> an impossible goal. The experience has made me stronger and that will help me in the future.( B >The cold came a little bit earlier this winter. The weather has been harsh and unorgiving.Beijing witnessed the (33>______ (early> snowall since the 1950s on Nov 3. Temperatures in many parts of China have hit record lows, with Inner Mongolia suering rom a killer cold of−40℃. Cold weather also brought heavy snowstorms (34>______ the US, Russia and Europe, (35>______ (cause> deaths and orcing highways to shut down.You may not think they are related in any possible way, but scientists say that the extreme cold started in the North Pole, where the sea ice is melting rapidly(36> ______ the burning offossil fuels. This summer, the National Snow and Ice Data Center in the US announced that the sea ice coverage in(37> ______ Arctic had reached its lowest level – with less than half of the coverage it had our decades ago.Large amounts of sea ice loss could change (38>______ air circulates in the atmosphere. At the same time, melting sea ice also releases more ocean water, which results in increased water vapor in the atmosphere that (39>______ be transormed into snow.Also, the attack of the cold came quickly and without a break this year. This let no time or the temperature to revive (回升>, (40>______ caused the cold to accumulate.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.You watch a sad ilm and get caught up in your emotions. You cry your eyes out at the 41 plot —you feel sad or the characters i they suer, or happy or them when they are successul. It is only when the movie is over that you realize that what you were watching is not real.But why couldn’t you accept that when you were so 42 in the movie? It was reported that people simply cannot think emotionally and logically at the same time.It has long been known that something dierent goes on in our brain when we use logic, rather than responding to something emotionally. Thinking logically is a step-by-step 43 , in which people make decisions through 44 and ind answers sensibly. When we think emotionally, we look at things rom someone else’s point o view and try to eel their pain.Now scientists have ound that thinking logically and emotionally are like the two ends o a (跷板> — when we’re busy sympathizing, the part o the brain used or cold, hard 45is restricted. And it’s also true the other way round.To come to this46, scientists gathered 45 people — men and women — to take brain scans as they solved dierent kinds o puzzles. Some o the puzzles were47 and involved math and physics and others were social problems that required participants to put themselves in other people’s shoes. Scientists ound that when participants were doing a math problem, the region in their brain that is 48with logical thinking lit up, and when asked to make emotional decisions, the region or emotional thinking lit up. But the most interesting part is that when asked to solve problems that required both logical and emotional 49 , the participants always used one o the regions at a time while the other one went dark.However, people sometimes ended up using the wrong one. This explains why some people are good at solving complex math problems but have poor social skills. And why even thesmartest people get taken in by ake but 50 stories.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Prince Harry of Wales, Scottish actress Karen Gillan, Ron Weasley from the movie Harry Potter— what do they have51? They all have ginger hair, or as people usually say, they are all “redheads”.Britain may be the most red-headed country in the world. About 1 to 2 percent of the world’s population has red hair, but in the UK the numbers are much52, with 13 percent of Scots, 10 percent of the Irish, and 6 percent of people in England having red hair.Scientists have tried to explain why some people have red hair or some time and now they may have ound an answer: the dull53in Britain.“I think it’s to do with sunshine,” said Alistair Moat, the headmaster o St Andrews University, UK. The human body needs vitamin D from54 , but unortunately people living in Britain do not have enough of it because of its marine climate.55, Britain gets even more cloud than countries inthe ar north of Europe. In Sweden, or example, the average daily hours o sunshine is 5.4. In Scotland it is only 3.1 hours.To 56 this, the DNA o people living in these areas has changed57; scientists call this a (变异>. Originally, the 58on our body is a mixture of two kinds of (黑色素> —black melanin and red/yellow melanin, but with certain parts of DNA 59, the production o black melanin is restricted while only red/yellow melanin is made. The60 is red hair, light skin color, (雀斑> and a greater 61 to sunlight.“We need 62skin to get as much vitamin D from the sun as possible,” added Moat.63 , what’s more interesting is that the redhead DNA mutation is recessive, which means it is hidden and can often 64generations without showing.“At least 1.6 million Scots carry a red-head gene mutation, and most are 65 that they do,”Moat said. This is why a person who does not have red hair can still produce red-haired children if he or she is a carrier o this special DNA.51. A. in private B. in common C. in particular D. in reality52. A. higher B. deeper C. closer D. more53. A. weather B. phenomenon C. environment D. inance54. A. atmosphere B. vegetable C. sunshine D. nature55. A. As usual B. In act C. In a word D. Vice versa56. A. begin with B. hold back C. go through D. deal with57. A. accidentally B. agreeably C. occasionally D. slightly58. A. coloring B. appearance C. instinct D. ingredient59. A. transplanted B. assembled C. changed D. revealed60. A. evidence B. miracle C. result D. inluence61. A. tendency B. exposure C. acceptance D. sensitivity62. A. light B. special C. smooth D. delicate63. A. Thereore B. However C. Still D. Thus64. A. skip B. pass C. avoid D. bridge65. A. unit B. unwilling C. unsettled D. unawareSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A>Every day I check my e-mail. Most o the time I am simply doing inger exercises, another form of piano practice without the beautiul notes. Sometimes, however, I receive a gift, reminding me of the gifts in my lie. The following passage is one of those gifts.Peter Jones is a 92-year-old, short, calm and proud man．Every morning he is fully dressed by eight o’clock, with his hair ashionably combed and ace perectly shaved, even though he is unable to see. He would move to a nursing home today. His wife of 70 years recently passed away, making the move necessary.Ater hours of waiting patiently in the entrance ball o the nursing home, he smiled sweetly when told his room was ready. As he moved his walker skillully to the elevator, the nurse provided a visual description of his tiny room. “I love it,” he stated with the ebullience of an eight-year-old having just been presented with a new pet dog.“Mr. Jones, you haven’t been to the room,” said the nurse.“That doesn’t have anything to do with it,”he replied. “Happiness is something you decide onahead of time. Whether I like my room or not doesn’t depend on how the urniture is arranged…it’s how I arrange my mind. I have already decided to love it. It’s a decision I make every morning when I wake up. I have a choice: I can spend the day in bed complaining of difficulty I have with parts of my body that no longer work, or get out o bed and be thankul or the ones that do. Each day is a gift, and as long as I am alive, I’ll focus on the new day and all the happy memories I’ve stored away.”May each of our days continue to be a gift.66. What do we know about Mr. Jones?A. His wie died many years ago.B. He received a pet rom the nurse.C. His room in the nursing home is big.D. He is blind but very neat.67. How did Mr. Jones feel about his room in the nursing home?A. Content.B. Disappointed.C. Worried.D. Curious.68. The underlined word “ebullience”in paragraph three is closest in meaning to ___________ .A. sadnessB. enthusiasmC. faithD. ambition69. What would be the best title or the passage?A. Living in a nursing homeB. Each day is a giftC. Arranging your mind every dayD. We’re always grateul(B>ATTENTION, ALL OUR NEW STUDENTS!Welcome to West Lakes Institute o Technology. You are strongly advised to adhere to the following three basic rules on this, your irst day, of the secondsemester:1. Wear your pre-admission student number on your (衣服地翻领> at all times.2. Do not enter any classrooms where classes are already inprogress.3. When asked to produce basic inormation about yoursel, beready to show your green enrollment acceptance advice slip.Students who have pre-paid the enrollment feeFrom 9:00 am to 10:00 am (no later> you should visit the foyer o the Old Chapel building to receive your new student inormation kit. Once you have your kit, you are not required until 10:30 am, so you can relax in the Student Centre until you are called over the PA system.Students who are not yet to pay the enrollmentGo directly to the Admissions Centre and be prepared to pay your enrollment ee ($150 — cash only> to the New Admissions Oicer. You will be asked or your address and your pre-admission student number (the number on your green enrollment acceptance advice slip>. Note that this is NOT the number which is later displayed on your student card. Once you have paid your enrollment fee, ollow the instructions above or students who have pre-paid their ee.Student cardsStudent cards will not be issued until Thursday. Photographs, however, will be taken on Monday aternoon. Make your way to the Library at the following times:1:00 pm — ilm and Photographic Arts 3:15 pm — Hotel &Hospitality1:45 pm — Marketing 4:00 pm — ashion & Design2:30 pm — Travel & Tourism 4:45 pm — all other Art studentsPhotographs o students in all other courses will be taken Tuesday aternoon.Welcome AddressThe Director of the college will address all new students in the Main Hall at around 10:45 am. When you hear the announcement that directs you to assemble in the Main Hall, make your way switly past the canteen area, through the courtyard and into the Hall. No ood or drinks are allowed in the Main Hall.LunchThe canteen is situated on the ground loor o the student building. Since the canteen is also used by members o the public, you will be asked to produce your enrollment acceptance advice slip. ailure to do this will result in all purchases being charged or at non-discount prices. Cooked lunches are served only between 12:15 pm and 1:30 pm.70. Who are the intended readers of the passage?A. parentsB. teachersC. students who have graduatedD. students who are going to be registered71. According to the passage, students who have already paid the fee .A. should give their address and student number to the New Admissions OicerB. can enter any classroom to have a restC. are required to receive their kit beore 9 o’clockD. can have a minimum o 30 minutes to relax ater getting the knit72. We can learn rom the text that “students’ enrollment acceptance advice slip”___________.A. displays the same number o that on the student cardB. allows students to buy things in canteen at a lower priceC. is only essential to students who haven’t paid the ee in advanceD. is required when taking the pictures used or the student card73. Which o the ollowing statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Marketing students can get their student cards at 1:45, Monday aternoon.B. Students are allowed to have their lunch at 12:30 pm in the Hall.C. The assembly call will be made beore the welcome address begins.D. Students can get their student cards rom the Library.(C>The research carried out by the University of Bari in Italy could help clariy hospitals who are charged with wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients overcome discomort and pain.A team headed by Proessor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group o men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most beautiul rom a selection o 300 works by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to watch either the beautiul paintings, or the ugly paintings, or a blank panel while the team struck a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been hurt by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing the beautiulpaintings, compared with when considering the ugly paintings or the blank panel.Electrodes (电极> measuring the brain’s electrical activity also conirmed a reduced response to the pain when the subject looked at beautiul paintings. While distractions (娱乐>, such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital patients, Pro de Tommaso says this is the first result to show that beauty plays a part. The indings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that beautiul surroundings could aid the healing process.“Hospitals have been designed to be unctional, but we think that their (审美能力> aspects should be taken into account too,”said the neurologist. “Beauty obviously oers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse. I think these results show that more research is needed into the how a beautiul environment can reduce suering.”Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent V an Gogh and Botticellis’Birth o Venus. Pictures they ound ugly included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonio Bueno and Columbian ernando Botero. “These people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world,” said Pro de Tommaso.74. According to the irst paragraph, people didn’t approve___________.A. hospitals spend money on medical equipmentB. hospitals decorate their rooms with works o artC. hospitals make their environment pleasant to patientsD. hospitals treat their patients with works o art75. How did the researchers make the research?A. By asking the subjects to listen to music.B. By requiring the subjects to draw paintings.C. By ordering the subjects to choose which picture is beautiul and ugly.D. By aching the subjects’ hands while they are watching paintings.76. According to the research, when designing a hospital, we should consider its___________.A. convenient acilitiesB. unctional operating roomC. pleasing environmentD. bright waiting room77. The best title or the passage may be___________.A. Patients Don’t Like Ugly PicturesB. Arts Can Be Used As a MedicineC. Ugly Patients eel Less PainD. Beautiul Art Can Ease PainSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Most people look Forward to retirement as a time when they can inally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue beore. But some recent studies on people in their depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure. That’s why a new study ofFrench workers is welcome news.Led by Hugo Westerlund, a proessor of psychology at Stockholm University, the study of more than 14,000 workers found lower rates of depression and atigue in people after they got tired while they were still employed.The scientists followed the employees of the French national gas and electric company or 14 years.They found in the year immediately after retirement, the volunteers reported 40% ewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year beore their retirement. The researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical atigue over the same time period.Clearly, said Westerlund, much of these decrease in physical and mental atigue can be traced back to relie rom the stresses of work. The decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect, too, which may have a lot to do with the generous (养老金> that rench workers enjoy . Most retirees in that country still beneit rom about 80% o their yearly salaries.“The economic or inancial situation in retirement is very important,” Westerlund says, “We don’t know if the decrease in atigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal o something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement. But no matter the reason, if life in retirement is not comortable, then we won’t see the improvements we did.”However, in European nations like France, governments are considering changes to pension plans, which may aect retirees’health after they leave their jobs－with less of a financial saety net, workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work.78. According to some recent studies, retired people may have depression and higher rates of other diseases like ___________.79. Westerlund’s group ound that in the year just after the retirement most retired French workers felt much less tired both ___________.80. What does the word in paragraph 5 refer to?81. Retirement may make people happier with ___________.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.>第II卷 <共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我想知道你是否能给我一些出国留学地建议.(advice>2. 教师应更专注地倾听学生，以便小水作品更好地满足他们地需求.(meet>3. 我们有充分地理由相信，自行车永远不会.(replace>4. 即使我无法衡量我多擅长某事，我也会养成一些好习惯，以充分发挥自己地潜能.(realize>5. 只有现在采取有效地小水制作措施来解决这个问题，我们才能防止不久地未来真正地水资源短缺.(Only>II. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.近来我国多地雾霾天气不断增多，极大地影响了人们地健康与生活.请你用英语写一篇文章，向某英语报社投稿，发表自己地观点.你地文章必须满足以下要求：1. 实况描述2. 对生活造成地影响3. 分析雾霾形成地原因4. 提出治理雾霾地建议.参考词汇：雾霾天气the hazy weather；空气质量指数 the Air Quality Index2018学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷答案1—5 DCDBA 6—10 CBACD 11—13 14—16 CCD17. 750,000 18. magazines 19. August 20. moves21. Arican countries 22. the medical school23. Shifting into 24. committee work听力评分标准1、17—20 题，每拼错一个单词扣1分.2、21—24 题，每拼错/漏写/误写一个单词扣0.5分.3、17、21、23题首字母须大写，小写扣0.5分.was selected 26. being signed 27. would have 28. what29. depressed 30. after 31. it 32. to reach33. earliest 34. to 35. causing 36. because of37. the26.38. how 39. can 40. which语法评分标准1、拼写错误扣1分(没0.5分>；2、大小写不扣分；3、第36题两空只答出一空扣1分41—45 CADHB 46—50 IGEJ51—55 BAACB 56—60 DDACC66—69 DABB 74—77 BDCD78. heart disease and high blood pressure79. mentally and physically80. The decrease/decline in atigue and depressive symptoms.81. more of a inancial saety net简答题评分标准1、内容正确，语法基本正确，小水作品得2分.2、内容基本正确，语法正确或虽有错误，但不影响理解，得1分.3、即使语法正确，但是内容错误，得0分.4、答案超过规定字数过多，得0分.1. I would like to know whether you can give me some advice on studying abroad.2. Teachers should listen to their more attentively so that they can meet their needs better.3. We have good to believe that bicycles will never be replaced completely in our country4. Even though I am unable to measure how good I am at something, I can develop habits to realize my potential fully/to the full.中译英评分标准1、第1~3题，每题4分.第4~5题，每题5分.2、在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分.3、语法错误每处扣1分.每句同类语法错误不重复扣分.4、译文没有用所给单词，扣1分.作文评分标准1．本题总分为25分，其中内容10分，语言10分，组织结构5分.2．评分时应注意地主要方面：小水制作内容要点，应用词汇和语法结构地数量和准确性及上下文地连贯性.个人收集整理-仅供参考3．评分时，先根据文章地内容和语言初步确定所属档次，然后小水作品对照相应地组织结构档次给予加分.其中，内容和语言两部分相加，得15分以上者，组织结构部分可考虑加4～5分，15分以下者只能考虑加0，1，2，3分.4．各档次给分要求：档次内容语言组织结构A 9～10 9～10 4～5B 7～8 7～8 3～4申明：所有资料为本人收集整理，仅限个人学习使用，勿做商业用途.11 / 11。

上海市奉贤区—度第一学期高三英语期末调研考试

上海市奉贤区—度第一学期高三英语期末调研考试

2007学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷（08.01）（满分150分，完卷时间120分钟）第I卷（105分）I. Listening Comprehension (30%)Part A Short ConversationsDirections:In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a hotel. B. At a restaurant. C. At a store. D. At an airport.2. A. The opera was good. B. The opera was terrible.C. She didn’t watch the opera.D. She hated operas.3. A. Attended a wedding ceremony. B. Given a party.C. Enjoyed a dinner in a restaurant.D. Been a guest.4. A. Relaxed. B. Brave. C. Humorous. D. Happy.5. A. She enjoys ice-cream. B. She is afraid of getting fat.C. She is much too thin.D. She doesn’t care for ice-cream.6. A. A flat tire. B. A lack of oil.C. A lack of power.D. The breakdown of the engine.7. A. She lost her watch. B. The season has changed.C. To save time.D. Her watch was slow.8. A. They don’t need the air-conditioner. B. It’s cooler on the roof..C. It’s much too hot.D. They need a new air-conditioner.9. A. 1.5 pence. B. 3 pence. C. 2.5 pence. D. 2 pence.10. A. The woman. B. The man. C. Both. D. Neither.Part B PassagesDirections: In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To represent her old life.B. To show her happiness.C. To represent success and hope.D. To show her purity.12. A. A piece of jewelry.B. A handkerchief.C. A dress.D. A pair of shoes.13. A. Something oldB. Something new.C. Something borrowed.D. Something blue.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To find an excuse for his failure.B. To encourage him to realize his wish.C. To relieve him of his pressure.D. To criticize him for not trying his best.15. A. Because he didn’t live up to his parents’ expectations.B. Because he could have done better.C. Because he blamed his parents for not being stricter.D. Because he envied other children.16. A. Guilty. B. Grateful. C. Disappointed. D. Fearful.Part C Longer ConversationsDirections:In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each blank.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (25%)Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take _______? I won’t read them this week.A. allB. anyC. eitherD. both26. Some people choose jobs for other reasons ________ money these days.A. forB. exceptC. besidesD. with27. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ________ one.A. better-knownB. well-knownC. best-knownD. most-known28. The company had about 20 laptops but only one-third ________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.A. isB. areC. wasD. were29. As you worked late yesterday, you ________ have come this morning.A. wouldn’tB. can’tC. mustn’tD. needn’t30. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _________ there several years ago.A. would goB. had beenC. wentD. have been31. I won’t call you, ________ something unexpected happens.A. unlessB. whetherC. becauseD. while32. Only then _________ how much damage had been caused.A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. did she realizeD. had she realized33. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ________ the quality of life is probably one ofthe highest.A. forB. soC. orD. while34. —— Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?—— ________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. Got35. It is generally believed ________ improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperouseconomy.A. asB. thatC. thisD. what36. It is difficult to imagine him ________ the decision without any consideration.A. acceptB. acceptingC. to acceptD. being accepted37. Have you seen the film “Titanic”，________ leading actor is world famous?A. itsB. it’sC. whoseD. which38. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ________ he had done the day before.A. thatB. howC. whereD. what39. We haven't settled the question _________ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that40. When ________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the manysimilarities.A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having comparedDirections: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note there is an extra word.I was the middle child of three, but there was a 41 of five years on either side, and I hardly saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely. I had the lonely child’s habit ofmaking up stories and holding conversations with 42 persons, and I think from the very start my literary ambition was mixed up with the feeling of being 43 . I knew that I had a natural 44 with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that it 45 a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life.However, the quantity of serious writing which I 46 all through my childhood would not add up to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down on piece of paper. I cannot remember anything about it except that it was about a tiger and the tiger had “chair-like teeth”—a good enough 47 . At eleven, when the war of 1914-18 broke out, I wrote a poem which was printed in the 48 newspaper, as was another, two years later, on the death of Kitchener. From time to time, when I was a bit older, I wrote bad and usually unfinished “nature poems”. I also, about twice, attempted a short story which was a 49 . That was the total of the would-be serious work that I actually set down on paper during all those years.III. Reading Comprehension (50%)Directions: Beneath the passage there are four choices marked A, B, C and D for each numbered blank. Choose the one answer that best suits the blank.Farmers, as we all know, have been having a hard time of it lately, and have turned to new ways of earning income from their land. This involves not only planting new kinds of crops, but some 50 ways of making money, the most unusual of which has got to be sheep 51 . Yes, you heard me 52 ! A farmer now holds sheep races on a regular basis, and during the past year over 100,000 people have 53 to watch the race. “I was passing the farm on my way to the sea for a holiday, ” one punter (赛马经纪人) told me , “a nd I thought I’d have a look. I didn’t believe it was serious, to tell you the truth.” According to a(n) 54 visitor, betting on sheep is more interesting than betting on 55 . “At proper horse races everyone has already studied the form of the horse 56 , and there are clear favourites. 57 nobody has heard anything about these 58 ! Most people find it 59 to tell one from another in any case. ” I stayed to watch the races, and I must admit that I found it quite 60 . In a usual sheep race, half a dozen sheep race down hill over a course of about half a mile. 61 is(are) waiting for them at the other end of the 62 just to give them some encouragement, I ought to add! The sheep run surprisingly fast, 63 they have probably not eaten for a while. Anyway, the crowd around me were obviously enjoying their day out at the races, 64 by their happy faces and the sense of excitement.50. A. common B. strange C. swift D. illegal51. A. racing B. hunting C. raising D. eating52. A. honestly B. surprisingly C. completely D. correctly53. A. showed off B. brought up C. turned up D. looked forward54. A. regular B. unexpected C. professional D. accustomed55. A. farms B. horses C. stocks D. races56. A. behind time B. in progress C. in advance D. in time57. A. But B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise58. A. horses B. sheep C. races D. stories59. A. easy B. impossible C. normal D. difficult60. A. exciting B. dangerous C. boring D. peculiar61. A. Visitors B. Farmers C. Food D. Money62. A. race B. hill C. track D. field63. A. if B. so C. yet D. although64. A. observing B. judging C. considering D. inferringDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIt was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005. While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone.The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries（食品杂货），saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live.I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity（人性）as a whole. And it has influenced（影响）us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others. No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.65. Why was the bike so important to the couple?A. The man’s job was bike racing.B. It was their only possession.C. It was a nice Kona 18 speed.D. They used it for work and daily life.66. We can infer from the text that ____________.A. the couple worked 60 hours a week.B. people were busy before ChristmasC. the stranger brought over the bikeD. life was hard for the young family.67. How did people get to know the couple’s problem?A. From radio broadcasts.B. From a newspaper.C. From TV news.D. From a stranger.68. What do the couple learn from their experience?A. Strangers are usually of little help.B. One should take care of their bike.C. News reports make people famous.D. An act of kindness can mean a lot.BCharles Blackman : Alice in WonderlandAn Exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria (NGV), Australia10June ---12 August 2007Place: The Ian Potter CentreAdmission: Free entryCharles Blackman is famous for his beautiful painting of dreams. In 1956 , he heard for the first time Lewis Carroll’s extraordinary tale of Alice in Wonderland –the story of a Victorian girl who falls down a rabbit hole meets a lot of funny characters and experience all kinds of things. At that time, Blackman’s wife was suffering form progressive blindness. The story of Alice moving through the strange situations often disheartened byvarious events, was similar to his wife’s experiences. It also reflected so much of his own life. All this contributed to the completion of the Alice in Wonderland paintings.Illustrator WorkshopGo straight to the experts for an introductory course in book illustration. The course includes an introduction to the process of illustration and its techniques, workshop exercise and group projects.Date Sunday 17 June &Sunday 5Aug, 10am—1pmPlace Gas Works Arts ParkWonderful WorldCelebrate the exhibition and Children’s Book Week with special activities just for the day, including a special visit from Alice and the White RabbitDate Sunday 24 June ,11am—4pmPlace Exhibition Space, Level 3Topsy- TurvyVisit the exhibition or discover wonderful curiosities in artworks in the NGV Collection and make a magic world in a box. Alice and the White Rabbit will be with you. Walt Disney`s Alice in Wonderland will be screened.Dates Sunday 8,15,22,29 July, and Tuesday 24-Friday 27 July ,12 noon—3pmPlace Theatre, NGV AustraliaDrawing WorkshopDistortions of scale ( 比例失真) can make artworks strange but interesting. Find out how Charles Blackman distorted scale in his paintings to create a curious world. Then experiment with scale in your own drawings. More information upon booking.Date Friday 27 July,10:30am-3pmPlace Foryer, Level 369. Charles Blackman’s paintings come fromA. his admiration for Lewis CarriollB. his dream of becoming a famous artistC. his wish to express his own feelingsD. his eagerness to cure his wife’s illness70. To understand the Alice in Wonderland paintings, you should go toA. Exhibition Space, Level 3B. Gas Works Arts ParkC. Theatre, NGV AustraliaD. Foyer, Level 371. Activities concerning children’s books are to be heldA. on June 24, 2007B. on July15, 2007C. on July 24, 2007D. on August 5, 2007CMost animals have ways to communicate with each other. Each animal has its own kind of communication signal. They send out these signals through the sensory channels of taste, smell, sight, hearing, and touch.The most common forms of communication among animals are chemical signs, which include taste andsmell. In general, animals use these signs to mark their territories (领土), ward off enemies, and attract mates. Chemical signals are effective when used by any animal in any location. Dogs use chemical stings by leaving their scent (味道) to mark off their space. Female moths attract males by releasing a scent into the air. Skunks (臭鼬)spray a strong odor to ward off enemies. These signs are long-lasting because a smell may stay in the air for long periods of time.Actions seen by others are a form of visual communication. In the animal world, dancing bees, aggressively moving fish, and quick changes of skin color are all examples of visual communication. These signs may warn other animals of danger or point out the presence and location of food. The effectiveness of visual communication can be limited, however. Visual communication is not the best means or most widely used form of sending messages because it is difficult to see over long distances and because vision can be blocked by objects in the line of view.Sound is another way that animals "talk" to each other. By making noise, animals can send out messages to other animals. Sound, unlike sight, can be used to send messages through obstacles and over long distances. A female bird can hear the mating song of a male bird even when she cannot see him.Finally animals also use touch as a form of communication. Through the sense of touch, cats’ whiskers guide cats through tall grass or bushes and keep them from bumping into things. Monkeys and apes, like people, use touch to communicate love, affection, anger, and fear to one another.72. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Animals communicate through sensory channels.B. Communication between animals is normal behavior.C.Some forms of communication are more effective than others.D.Animals usually communicate emotions by touch73. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this passages?A. Chemical signals are usually more effective than visual signals.B. All animals must be able to protect themselves with chemical signals.C. Communication by sound is not as widely used as visual communication.D. Visual gestures are the only way for animals to indicate the presence of food to others.74. A cat that wants to mark a certain territory would most likely use which kind of signal?A. touchB. soundC. visionD. smell75. The mainly purpose of the author of this passage is to _____.A. describe the different ways in which animals communicateB. show how closely related animal and human communication areC. illustrate the differences in the way different species communicateD. entertain people with amusing stories about animalsDAmong rich countries, people in the United States work the longest hours. They work much longer than in Europe. This difference is quite surprising because productivity per hour worked is the same in the United States as it is in France, Spain and Germany, and it is growing at a similar speed.In most countries and at most times in history, as people have become richer they have chosen to work less. In other words they have decided to ‘spend’ a part of their extra income on a fuller personal life. Over the last fifty years Europeans have continued this pattern, and hours of work have fallen sharply. But not in the United States. We do not fully know why this is. One reason may be more satisfying work, or less satisfying personal lives.Longer hours do of course increase the GDP (国内生产总值). So the United States has produced more perworker than, say, France. The United States also has more of its people at work, while in France many more mothers and older workers have decided to stay at home. The overall result is that American GDP per head is 40% higher than in France, even though productivity per hour worked is the same.It is not clear which of the two situations is better. As we have seen, work has to be compared with other values like family life, which often get lost in interest. It is too early to explain the different trends in happiness over time in different countries. But it is a disappointing idea that in the United States happiness has made no progress since 1975, while it has risen in Europe. Could this have anything to do with trends in the work-life balance?76. From the text we know that the author .A. believes that longer working hours is betterB. prefers shorter working hours to longer onesC. says nothing certain about which pattern is betterD. thinks neither of the patterns is good77. In the last paragraph, the underlined word “which” refers to_______.A. family lifeB. situationsC. other valuesD. trends78. What message can we get from the text?A. The GDP of Europe is higher than that of America.B. Two possible reasons are given for working longer hours in the US.C. People all over the world choose to work less when they are richer.D. Americans are happier than Europeans.79. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Americans and EuropeansB. Staying at HomeC. Work and ProductivityD. Work and HappinessEDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable heading from this list for each paragraph. There is an extra heading.enjoyed by their people has increased rapidly in recent years.The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this fromSome homeless people are mentally ill and have no one to look after them. Some are young people who, for one reason or another, have left home and have nowhere to live. Many of them have had a serious disagreement with their parents and have left home, choosing to go to a city and live on the streets. Sometimes83.general public refuse to give anything to beggars. Often they are moved on by the police, being accused（指控），whether rightly or wrongly, of forceful begging. There are many who disrespect homeless people.Some cynics（愤世嫉俗的人）declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard box?第II卷( 共45分)I. Translation (20%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1.电脑能帮助我们完成复杂的任务。

2018届奉贤区高考高三英语一模试卷和答案

2018届奉贤区高考高三英语一模试卷和答案

2017学年奉贤区调研测试英语试卷I.Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A.interviewer and interviewee. B.teacher and student.C.doctor and nurse.D.boss and secretary.2. A.9:00. B.9:10. C.9:30. D.9:35.3. A.pass the journal. B.listen to the woman.C.repeat his request.D.take the journal himself.4. A.exciting. B.disappointing.C.interesting.D.satisfactory.5. A.to make a budget for her. B.to buy a gift for Mary.C.to give her mother information about Mary.D.to give some suggestions.6. A.he wants to finish his study. B.he wants to earn a lot of money.C.he wants to finish his study.D.he wants to have a good rest.7. A.The woman should not get involved in the situation.B.The woman should not be angry with the friends.C.he will explain to the woman what happened.D.he will talk to Sally and Mark soon.8. A.good weather tomorrow. B.the vacation plan.C.getting up early in the morning.D.possible heavy traffic.9. A.interested. B.fascinated. C.hostile. D.reluctant.10. A.intelligence determines admission to college.B.highly motivated students usually do well in college.C.successful college students are usually intelligent.D.a successful college motivates its students.Section BQuestions11through13are based on the following news.11. A.two terms. B.three terms. C.four terms. D.five terms.12. A.because he had been a policeman.B.because he earned a law degree in a night school.C.because they had formed a good opinion of him.D.because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.13. A.they want people in Los Angeles voted.B.an introduction about Thomas Bradley,major of Los Angeles.C.the reasons why white candidates failed in the vote.D.something Thomas Bradley did for the vote.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.he has more than fourteen pills a day. B.he has two pills a day.C.he has four times a day.D.he has nine pills a day.15. A.all of them. B.three kinds of medicine.C.two kinds of medicine.D.almost none.16. A.children over twelve years old. B.older people with a fever.C.old people with heart attack.D.adults with a cold.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.she has made an attempt to become pregnant.B.she has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another department.C.she has bought the new equipment for the laboratory.D.she has complained to the government about the issue.18. A.because the new equipment is not available now.B.because the patient has made too many complains.C.because the hospital wants to tighten its budget.D.because the new equipment carries a health risk.19. A.a technician in the hospital lab. B.a doctor working in the hospital.C.a teacher working in the school.D.head of hospital administration.20. A.she will be likely to quit her job. B.she still feels at a loss as what to do.C.she will complain to the administration.D.she will fight to get her income back.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADifferent background shouldn’t mean less education.Fifty years ago,in a primary school classroom, two boys aged11took an examination called the11-plus,(21)______would make decisions about the rest of their lives.Paul passed and went to a“grammar school”.Baz failed the examination and went to a “secondary modern school”.They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools(22)______(establish)hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families.They encouraged students to study(23)______they were18 and then to go to university.Secondary modern school students left at16,usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students.Baz says the secondary modern school had(24)______(few) resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed.In the1960s and the1970s“comprehensive schools”were created.Today,90 percent children aged11to16from the same area to the same school without(25)______(take)any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way(26)______(educate)their children.Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody(27)______ similar opportunities in a fairer way.Another view,though,is that more intelligent children,especially (28)______from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools.Now,the government plans to open new grammar schools(29)____________almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz?Aged60,they met again and compared(30)______had happened to them.After university,Paul qualified as a teacher.Baz went to work in a factory at16and later became an engineer.In fact,Baz had a much higher salary than Paul–so perhaps life is fair after all.Section BA.impressiveB.movementsC.eventuallyD.extremeparisonF.reverseG.unlovedH.partnershipI.absolutelyJ.maskK.appliedThere’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is“I need to get rid of this insect,immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n)__31__creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK,in__32__with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan,recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most__33__insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio,the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close.The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at1,000frames per second,meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’__34__in never-before-seen detail.However,it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size,__35__wing beat frequency,and the presence of large antennae and legs that can__36__the view of their wings,”Simon Walker of Oxford University,co-author of the study,wrote.Published in the journal Nature,the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around800times a second.As a__37__,house flies flap their wings about200times a second,and hummingbirds50times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College,the study’s leader,believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks,as the wings__38__their direction at the end of each half-stroke,”he wrote in the study.Hopefully,the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future.The findings could lead to better aircraft,or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be__39__to new developments in more human-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes,the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and__40__how to stop them from doing so,”Walker wrote.III.Reading ComprehensionSection AArtists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity.But is there really a(n)__41__between intoxication（醉酒）and inspiration?A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity.The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in__42__executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems:“Sometimes a reduced ability to__43__one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,”they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that__44__attention and focus,in particular, stimulants（兴奋剂）,would have the opposite effect on creative thinking__45__,very little research has been done on the issue,and what results exist so far have been mixed.The outcomes may well vary according to individual__46__to the drugs.__47__,some research has found that while stimulants can __48__test performance for those who are less intelligent,for the smartest folks,the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity,this may also explain why artists,writers and musicians appear to be more__49__to have an addiction.Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be__50__to drugs in the first place,as a possible source of inspiration.And then,if reduced executive function is__51__in part for their initial talent,this,too,could make them more easily influenced by__52__once they start using.Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness,addiction and art,the authors__53__that their study findings don’t give people__54__to get drunk to“inspire the muse（冥想）.”Co-author Jennifer Wiley,associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago,told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest:“We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to__55__.There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two,however,may occasionally help.41. A.attraction B.reservation C.connection D.decoration42. A.strengthening B.damaging C.maintaining D.assessing43. A.block B.reduce C.disturb D.control44. A.remain B.drop C.shift D.increase45. A.However B.Moreover C.Instead D.Therefore46. A.additions B.responses C.oppositions D.contrasts47. A.For example B.On the contrary C.As a result D.On the other hand48. A.conceal B.executive C.improve D.delete49. A.vital B.likely C.ideal D.difficult50. A.attracted B.contributed C.responded D.withdrawn51. A.responsible B.illegal C.natural D.impossible52. A.confusion B.ambition C.addiction D.exhaustion53. A.lower B.monitor C.function D.caution54. A.sacrifice B.privacy C.appreciation D.license55. A.priorities B.extremes C.bottom D.AffectionSection B(A)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her60s.When it was her turn to pay,the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down,shook her head and said:“Not so good.My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again.The truth is,I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps（食品券）.My heart ached.I wanted to help but didn’t know how.Should I offer to pay for her groceries,ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot,I spotted the women returning her shopping cart.I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her.It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband,but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said,my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier.It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now.I’m so sorry.I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words,she began to cry.And through her tears,she said,“You have no idea how much this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.Having never anything like this before,I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive.All I could think to say was,“Oh.Would it be OK to give you a hug?”After we embraced,I walked back to my car--and began to cry,too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier,a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on.When I read the card,I felt a warm glow spread inside of me.Deeply touched,I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.56.Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs?A.The woman’s family mainly depends on her son.B.The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free.C.The woman and her family were having a tough lime.D.The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman.57.The woman cried when she got the card,probably because______.A.it greatly encouraged herB.she could use it to buy foodC.it could solve her present problemD.it could land her husband a job58.The underlined word“startled”in Paragraph10probably means______.A.interestedB.gratefulC.ashamedD.astonished59.From the article,we can tell that the author is a______person.A.smartB.kind-heartedC.knowledgeableD.confident(B)Seek Out a Unique BeachVISITOregon.For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches of Florida,check out the Oregon coast and its363miles of gorgeous shoreline,stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California.Every beach is public and free.“The coast is a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves（小海湾）,”says Bramblett.July and August aren’t peak gray whale migration season,but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse.Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking the Pacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats,Oregon.The working lighthouse,which dated to1894,cast a bright beam21miles out to sea,making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast.The cliff-top rooms at the Light Keeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap-you’ll sell out up to $385for a weekend night during peak season(price includes a seven-course breakfast).BEWAREDangerous currents Unless you love cold water(or wear a wet suit),you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast,even during the summer.But if you do,be prepared for the U.S.Lifesaving Association.Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulled out to sea,then swim diagonally（成对角线地）toward the shore.BRINGBaby e a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand rom your hands,feet or hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture,allowing sand to fall off easily.60.It can be inferred rom the section SLEEP that______.A.the price of one night stay remains the same all the year aroundB.those who stay there can have a free access to the beach and the lighthouseC.those who want to stay there have to pay more during a tourist seasonD.the price includes the breakfast for seven people61.What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?A.Avoid wearing wet suits.B.Never dive into the cold water off the coast.C.Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.D.Don’t swim straight toward the shore when there’re dangerous currents.62.Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences EXCEPT______.A.a perfect view of sea lionsB.a mariner like stay in the more than100-year-old lighthouseC.a seafood feast in the popular local communityD.sun and fun of the less crowed beach.(C)With the coming of big data age,data science is supposed to be starved for,of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate panies,both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science.Therefore,it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr.Carlos Guestrin,machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years,making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging“cognitive”technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning,a subfield of data science,led by recommendation programs,fraud detection systems,forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science.Pinterest,for instance, maintains more than100machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning flix is estimated to spend$150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent.Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle,only about1,000have deep learning skills,compared to100,000who can apply other machine learning techniques,says Mr.Goldbloom.He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of“smart”applications,however,is likely to be cultural.Some companies,such as General Electric,have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles,some may master this difficult transition.But companies that were built,from the beginning,with data science at their center,are likely to represent serious competition.63.Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A.Technological problem.B.Expert crisis.C.High cost.D.Customer interactions.64.What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C.Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D.Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65.What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A.To point out the problems facing machine learning experts.B.To call on companies to cultivate more experts in data science.C.To tell the readers the present situation of data science.D.To advice non-technology companies to look beyond the advantages they face.66.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A.Data science:A forefront force in tech businessB.Corporate competition:An obstacle to the transitionC.Machine learning:A key to smart technologyD.Technique experts:A decisive factor of the coming era.Section CA.Therefor,it would be advisable to remain thoughtful of how you conduct yourself and deal with others around you.B.State out right that you ant to get along.C.In other words,do not allow yourself to take out your negative emotions on others around you.D.Getting along with someone,regardless of their passions,isn’t about being their best friend or sharing all their hobbies.E.You can only change how you interact with people,you can not change them.F.So it is better to listen to what the conversation is about before speaking.There are a lot of different people in the world,but despite our differences we all want to get along. Humans are social beings,and we enjoy being treated nicely.__67__It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener.To start a conversation,it is important to listen first,especially when you are in a group.Don’t indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived.Examine the situation and the conversation,and then say whatever you think fit.It is better to say something valuable,rather than something meaningless.__68__Don’t try to change people.It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else.Let other people live how they want to live.__69__If you do not like how someone acts,you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile.A little laughter goes a long way,and a smile eases tensions,where a frown can create tensions.If someone teases you,try to laugh at it off.If someone is frowning,smile at them.Be mindful of your facial expression.If you are persistently and optimistic,people will cheer up when they are see you coming.__70__Some people do not take hints.Some people do not read body language.For these people,it really works to just say,“I really want us to work well together.I will help you and back you up,and you help me and back me up.”IV.Summary WritingA Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school.Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome theeconomic barriers and lack of resources they face.Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers.Little is known,however,about how adolescents experience their fathers’warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States.Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork,and how they experienced their fathers.The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American,African American and European American descent.Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy,and,ultimately,higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters,while in different ways.Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’sense of optimism,and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities.This in turn leads to better math grades.There is a more direct link between their fathers’involvement and teenage boys’belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front.This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children,because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being. V.Tranalation72.这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。

2017-2018学年奉贤中学高三上英语周测卷

2017-2018学年奉贤中学高三上英语周测卷

2017-2018学年奉贤中学高三第一学期周测Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.　B1. According to the Code, visitors should act _______ .A. with care and respectB. with relief and pleasureC. with caution and calmnessD. with attention and observation2. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New ZealandA. Take your own camping facilities.B. Bury glass far away from rivers.C. Follow the track for the sake of plants.D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.CAn article published recently in the scientific journal Nature is shedding new light on an important, but so far little has been appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article, Professors Dennis Bramble, and Daniel Lieberman suggest that the ability to run was a decisive factor in the development of our species. According to the two scientists, humans possess a number of anatomical（人体结构的）features that make them surprisingly good runners. “We are very confident that strong selection for running，which came at the expense of the historical ability to live in trees-was helpful in the origin of the modern human body form,” says Bramble, a biology professor at the University of Utah. Traditional thinking up to now has been that the upright body form of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of walking.Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses or antelopes. However, this is only true if we consider fast running over short distances. Even Olympic athlete can hardly run as fast as a horse can gallop, and can only keep up a top speed for fifteen seconds or so. Horses and antelopes, on the other hand, can run at top speed for several minutes, clearly outperforming us in this respect. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans do astonishingly well. They can maintain a steady pace for miles, and their overall speed compares favorably with that of horses or dogs.Bramble and Lieberman examined twenty-six anatomical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament（颈背的韧带）. When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from pitching back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads held high. The nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates（灵长类动物）, although the fossil（化石）record shows that Homo erectus, an early human species that walked upright, much as we do, also had one. Then there are our Achilles tendons （跟腱）at the backs of our legs, which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these tendons behave like springs, helping to push us forward. Furthermore, wehave low, wide shoulders, virtually disconnected from our skulls (the bony part of the head), another anatomical adaptation which allows us to run more efficiently.But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners One assumption is that this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. “What these features and fossil facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other carnivores (animals that eat meat) for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today.” says Lieberman.1. .We can learn from the passage that the human ability to run _______.A. was only recently described in a scientific journalB. played an important part in human evolutionC. was considered more natural than the ability to live in treesD. contributed to the form of human language2. .According to the second paragraph, humans _______A. are better runners than most other animalsB. are not good at running short distancesC. compare unfavorably with horses and dogsD. are poor long-distance runners3..It appears that the nuchal ligament _______.A. enables us to run with steady headsB. is found in modern primates onlyC. prevents the head from being held highD. is a unique feature of carnivores4 .The passage does NOT tell us that _______A. early humans had an advantage in obtaining food thanks to the running abilityB. fossils help us better understand human evolution.C. our Achilles tendons are an adaptation for running efficientlyD. big brains may have been evolved for running long-distance。

12. 2018奉贤高三英语一模卷

12. 2018奉贤高三英语一模卷

2018.1 奉贤区高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷(满分：140分考试时间：120分钟)第I卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. interviewer and interviewee. B. teacher and student.C. doctor and nurse.D. boss and secretary.2. A. 9:00. B. 9:10. C. 9:30. D. 9:35.3. A. pass the journal. B. listen to the woman.C. repeat his request.D. take the journal himself.4. A. exciting. B. disappointing.C. interesting.D. satisfactory.5. A. to make a budget for her. B. to buy a gift for Mary.C. to give her mother information about Mary.D. to give some suggestions.6. A. he wants to finish his study. B. he wants to earn a lot of money.C. he wants to finish his study.D. he wants to have a good rest.7. A. The woman should not get involved in the situation.B. The woman should not be angry with the friends.C. he will explain to the woman what happened.D. he will talk to Sally and Mark soon.8. A. good weather tomorrow. B. the vacation plan.C. getting up early in the morning.D. possible heavy traffic.9. A. interested. B. fascinated. C. hostile. D. reluctant.10. A. intelligence determines admission to college.B. highly motivated students usually do well in college.C. successful college students are usually intelligent.D. a successful college motivates its students.Section B (15分)Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heardQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. two terms. B. three terms. C. four terms. D. five terms.12. A. because he had been a policeman.B. because he earned a law degree in a night school.C. because they had formed a good opinion of him.D. because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.13. A. they want people in Los Angeles voted.B. an introduction about Thomas Bradley, major of Los Angeles.C. the reasons why white candidates failed in the vote.D. something Thomas Bradley did for the vote.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. he has more than fourteen pills a day. B. he has two pills a day.C. he has four times a day.D. he has nine pills a day.15. A. all of them. B. three kinds of medicine.C. two kinds of medicine.D. almost none.16. A. children over twelve years old. B. older people with a fever.C. old people with heart attack.D. adults with a cold.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. she has made an attempt to become pregnant.B. she has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another department.C. she has bought the new equipment for the laboratory.D. she has complained to the government about the issue.18. A. because the new equipment is not available now.B. because the patient has made too many complains.C. because the hospital wants to tighten its budget.D. because the new equipment carries a health risk.19. A. a technician in the hospital lab. B. a doctor working in the hospital.C. a teacher working in the school.D. head of hospital administration.20. A. she will be likely to quit her job. B. she still feels at a loss as what to do.C. she will complain to the administration.D. she will fight to get her income back.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, /ill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Different background shouldn’t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus, (21) __________ would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a “grammar school”. Baz failed the examination and went to a “secondary modern school”. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools (22) __________ (establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23) __________ they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modern school had (24) __________ (few) resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s “comprehensive schools” were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without (25) __________ (take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way (26) __________ (educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody (27) __________ similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially (28) __________ from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, thegovernment plans to open new grammar schools (29) __________ __________ almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30) __________ had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul – so perhaps life is fair after all.Section B (10分)Directions: Fill in each blank with. a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) 31 creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in 32 with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most 33 insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’34 in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, 35 wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can 36 the view of their wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a 37 , house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings38 their direction at the end of each half-stroke,” he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be 39 to new developments in more human-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and 40 how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the content.Artists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity. But is there really a(n) 41 between intoxication（醉酒）and inspiration? A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity. The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in 42 executive function may be helpful for these types of creationproblems: “Sometimes a reduced ability to43 one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,” they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that 44 attention and focus, in particular, stimulants（兴奋剂）, would have the opposite effect on creative thinking 45 , very little research has been done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well vary according to individual 46 to the drugs. 47 , some research has found that while stimulants can 48 test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also explain why artists, writers and musicians appear to be more 49 to have an addiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be 50 to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reduced executive function is 51 in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easily influenced by 52 once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors 53 that their study findings don’t give people 54 to get drunk to “inspire the muse（冥想）.” Co-author Jennifer Wiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest: “We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to 55 . There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help.41. A. attraction B. reservation C. connection D. decoration42. A. strengthening B. damaging C. maintaining D. assessing43. A. block B. reduce C. disturb D. control44. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase45. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore46. A. additions B. responses C. oppositions D. contrasts47. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand48. A. conceal B. executive C. improve D. delete49. A. vital B. likely C. ideal D. difficult50. A. attracted B. contributed C. responded D. withdrawn51. A. responsible B. illegal C. natural D. impossible52. A. confusion B. ambition C. addiction D. exhaustion53. A. lower B. monitor C. function D. caution54. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciation D. license55. A. priorities B. extremes C. bottom D. AffectionSection B (22分)Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, shook her head and said: “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps（食品券）.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the women returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit. “I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply. Having never anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”After we embraced, I walked back to my car -- and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.56. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs?A. The woman’s family mainly depends on her son.B. The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free.C. The woman and her family were having a tough lime.D. The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman.57. The woman cried when she got the card, probably because ______.A. it greatly encouraged herB. she could use it to buy foodC. it could solve her present problemD. it could land her husband a job58. The underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 10 probably means ______.A. interestedB. gratefulC. ashamedD. astonished59. From the article, we can tell that the author is a ______ person.A. smartB. kind-heartedC. knowledgeableD. confident(B)Seek Out a Unique BeachVISITOregon. For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches of Florida, check out the Oregon coast and its 363 miles of gorgeous shoreline, stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California. Every beach is public and free. “The coast i s a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves（小海湾）,” says Bramblett. July and August aren’t peak gray whale migration season, but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the 200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse. Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking thePacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats, Oregon. The working lighthouse, which dated to 1894, cast a bright beam 21 miles out to sea, making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast. The cliff-top rooms at the Light K eeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap-you’ll sell out up to $ 385 for a weekend night during peak season (price includes a seven-course breakfast).BEW AREDangerous currents Unless you love cold water (or wear a wet suit), you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast, even during the summer. But if you do, be prepared for the U.S. Lifesaving Association. Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulled out to sea, then swim diagonally（成对角线地）toward the shore.BRINGBaby powder. Use a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand rom your hands, feet or hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture, allowing sand to fall off easily.60. It can be inferred rom the section SLEEP that ______.A. the price of one night stay remains the same all the year aroundB. those who stay there can have a free access to the beach and the lighthouseC. those who want to stay there have to pay more during a tourist seasonD. the price includes the breakfast for seven people61. What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?A. Avoid wearing wet suits.B. Never dive into the cold water off the coast.C. Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.D. Don’t swim straight toward the shore when there’re d angerous currents.62. Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences EXCEPT ______.A. a perfect view of sea lionsB. a mariner like stay in the more than 100-year-old lighthouseC. a seafood feast in the popular local communityD. sun and fun of the less crowed beach.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr. Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and thetotal bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr. Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problem.B. Expert crisis.C. High cost.D. Customer interactions.64. What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A. To point out the problems facing machine learning experts.B. To call on companies to cultivate more experts in data science.C. To tell the readers the present situation of data science.D. To advice non-technology companies to look beyond the advantages they face.66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Data science: A forefront force in tech businessB. Corporate competition: An obstacle to the transitionC. Machine learning: A key to smart technologyD. Technique experts: A decisive factor of the coming era.Section C (8分)Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences we all want to get along. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely. 67 It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a group. Don’t indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived. Examine the situationand the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something valuable, rather than something meaningless. 68 Don’t try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else. Let other people live how they want to live. 69 If you do not like how someone acts, you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile eases tensions, where a frown can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh at it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful of your facial expression. If you are persistently and optimistic, people will cheer up when they are see you coming.70 Some people do not take hints. Some people do not read body language. For these people, it really works to j ust say, “I really want us to work well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and back me up.”IV. Summary Writing (10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible:A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then sp ills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.第II卷(共40分)V. Translation (15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。

2018届奉贤区高考高三英语一模完整版.doc

2018届奉贤区高考高三英语一模完整版.doc

2017学年奉贤区调研测试英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A. interviewer and interviewee. B. teacher and student.C. doctor and nurse.D. boss and secretary.2. A. 9:00. B. 9:10. C. 9:30. D. 9:35.3. A. pass the journal. B. listen to the woman.C. repeat his request.D. take the journal himself.4. A. exciting. B. disappointing.C. interesting.D. satisfactory.5. A. to make a budget for her. B. to buy a gift for Mary.C. to give her mother information about Mary.D. to give some suggestions.6. A. he wants to finish his study. B. he wants to earn a lot of money.C. he wants to finish his study.D. he wants to have a good rest.7. A. The woman should not get involved in the situation.B. The woman should not be angry with the friends.C. he will explain to the woman what happened.D. he will talk to Sally and Mark soon.8. A. good weather tomorrow. B. the vacation plan.C. getting up early in the morning.D. possible heavy traffic.9. A. interested. B. fascinated. C. hostile. D. reluctant.10. A. intelligence determines admission to college.B. highly motivated students usually do well in college.C. successful college students are usually intelligent.D. a successful college motivates its students.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. two terms. B. three terms. C. four terms. D. five terms.12. A. because he had been a policeman.B. because he earned a law degree in a night school.C. because they had formed a good opinion of him.D. because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.13. A. they want people in Los Angeles voted.B. an introduction about Thomas Bradley, major of Los Angeles.C. the reasons why white candidates failed in the vote.D. something Thomas Bradley did for the vote.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. he has more than fourteen pills a day. B. he has two pills a day.C. he has four times a day.D. he has nine pills a day.15. A. all of them. B. three kinds of medicine.C. two kinds of medicine.D. almost none.16. A. children over twelve years old. B. older people with a fever.C. old people with heart attack.D. adults with a cold.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. she has made an attempt to become pregnant.B. she has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another department.C. she has bought the new equipment for the laboratory.D. she has complained to the government about the issue.18. A. because the new equipment is not available now.B. because the patient has made too many complains.C. because the hospital wants to tighten its budget.D. because the new equipment carries a health risk.19. A. a technician in the hospital lab. B. a doctor working in the hospital.C. a teacher working in the school.D. head of hospital administration.20. A. she will be likely to quit her job. B. she still feels at a loss as what to do.C. she will complain to the administration.D. she will fight to get her income back.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADifferent background shouldn’t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom,two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus, (21)______ would make decisions about the restBaz failed the examination and went to aof their lives. Paul passed and went to a “grammar school”.“secondary modern school”. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools (22)______ (establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language tochildren who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______ they were 18and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modern school had (24)______ (few)resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s “comprehensive schools” were created. To percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without (25)______ (take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way (26)______ (educate) their children. Many people saythat comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody (27)______similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially(28)______ from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans toopen new grammar schools (29)______ ______ almost two million children will go to the same type ofschool that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______ had happened to them. Afteruniversity, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. Infact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul – so perhaps life is fair after all.Section BA. impressiveB. movementsC. eventuallyD. extremeE. comparisonF. reverseG. unlovedH. partnershipI. absolutelyJ. maskK. appliedThere’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquitobuzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediat but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) __31__ creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in __32__ with the Royal Veterinary Collegein London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting factsabout the world’s most __33__ insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes upclose. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists wereable to study the insects’ __34__ in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their smallsize, __35__ wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can __36__ the view oftheir wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times asecond. As a __37__, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times asecond.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes havea unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings __38__ the ir direction at the endof each half-stroke,” he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in thefuture. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be __39__ to new developments in morehuman-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior,how they carry disease and __40__ how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AArtists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity. But is there reallya(n) __41__ between intoxication（醉酒）and inspiration? A recent study published in Consciousness andCognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity. The authors suggest thatalcohol’s well-known effect in __42__ executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems: “Somet imes a reduced ability to __43__ one’s attention can have positive implications forselect cognitive tasks,” they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that __44__ attention and focus, in particular,stimulants（兴奋剂）, would have the opposite effect on creative thinking __45__, very little research hasbeen done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well varyaccording to individual __46__ to the drugs. __47__, some research has found that while stimulants can__48__ test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have theopposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also explain why artists, writers andmusicians appear to be more __49__ to have an addiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely thanothers to be __50__ to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reducedexecutive function is __51__ in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easilyinfluenced by __52__ once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugsmeans you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors __53__ that theirmuse（冥想）.” Co-author Jenniferstudy findings don’t give people __54__ to get drunk to “inspire theWiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest: “We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-notwhen people drank to __55__. There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessivelywould have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help.41. A. attraction B. reservation C. connection D. decoration42. A. strengthening B. damaging C. maintaining D. assessing43. A. block B. reduce C. disturb D. control44. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase45. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore46. A. additions B. responses C. oppositions D. contrasts47. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand48. A. conceal B. executive C. improve D. delete49. A. vital B. likely C. ideal D. difficult50. A. attracted B. contributed C. responded D. withdrawn51. A. responsible B. illegal C. natural D. impossible52. A. confusion B. ambition C. addiction D. exhaustion53. A. lower B. monitor C. function D. caution54. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciation D. license55. A. priorities B. extremes C. bottom D. AffectionSection B(A)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was herturn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, shook her head and said: “Not so good. My husband just lost his job andmy son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps（食品券）.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask forher husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the women returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for herhusband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.help overhearing what you said to the “Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit. “I couldn’tcashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said,“You have no idea how much this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply. Having never anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind ofOh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “After we embraced, I walked back to my car -- and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I wasworking on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came homeand ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.56. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs?A. The woman’s family mainly depends on her son.B. The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free.C. The woman and her family were having a tough lime.D. The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman.57. The woman cried when she got the card, probably because ______.A. it greatly encouraged herB. she could use it to buy foodC. it could solve her present problemD. it could land her husband a job58. The underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 10 probably means ______.A. interestedB. gratefulC. ashamedD. astonished59. From the article, we can tell that the author is a ______ person.A. smartB. kind-heartedC. knowledgeableD. confident(B)Seek Out a Unique BeachVISITOregon. For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches of Florida, check out the Oregon coast andits 363 miles of gorgeous shoreline, stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests ofCalifornia. Every bea ch is public and free. “The coast is a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselvesor simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busyfishing communities located between the coves（小海湾）,” says Bramblett. July and August aren’t pe gray whale migration season, but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the 200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse. Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking thePacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats, Oregon. The working lighthouse, which dated to 1894, cast a bright beam 21 miles out to sea, making it the brightest light on the-you’ll sell out up toOregon coast. The cliff-top rooms at the Light Keeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap$ 385 for a weekend night during peak season (price includes a seven-course breakfast).BEW AREDangerous currents Unless you love cold water (or wear a wet suit), you may not wait to venture intothe sea off the Oregon coast, even during the summer. But if you do, be prepared for the U.S. LifesavingAssociation. Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulled out to sea, then swimdiagonally（成对角线地）toward the shore.BRINGBaby powder. Use a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand rom your hands, feet or hair.The powder quickly absorbs moisture, allowing sand to fall off easily.60. It can be inferred rom the section SLEEP that ______.A. the price of one night stay remains the same all the year aroundB. those who stay there can have a free access to the beach and the lighthouseC. those who want to stay there have to pay more during a tourist seasonD. the price includes the breakfast for seven people61. What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?A. Avoid wearing wet suits.B. Never dive into the cold water off the coast.C. Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.D. Don’t swim straight toward the shore when there’re dangerous currents.62. Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences EXCEPT ______.A. a perfect view of sea lionsB. a mariner like stay in the more than 100-year-old lighthouseC. a seafood feast in the popular local communityD. sun and fun of the less crowed beach.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption canpoint a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era andtraditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating agreat demand for the experts of this type.Mr. Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that allsoftware applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trainedtechnology economy.to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive”　There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predictingcustomer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number ofreal-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance,maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems,and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a seriousmachine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and thetotal bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts whouse Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply othermachine learning techniques, says Mr. Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type areoften reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.to be The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presenceto attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, fromthe beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problem.B. Expert crisis.C. High cost.D. Customer interactions.64. What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A. To point out the problems facing machine learning experts.B. To call on companies to cultivate more experts in data science.C. To tell the readers the present situation of data science.D. To advice non-technology companies to look beyond the advantages they face.66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Data science: A forefront force in tech businessB. Corporate competition: An obstacle to the transitionC. Machine learning: A key to smart technologyD. Technique experts: A decisive factor of the coming era.Section CA. Therefor, it would be advisable to remain thoughtful of how you conduct yourself and deal withothers around you.B. State out right that you ant to get along.C. In other words, do not allow yourself to take out your negative emotions on others around you.D. Getting along with someone, regardless of their passions, isn’t about being their best friend orsharing all their hobbies.E. You can only change how you interact with people, you can not change them.F. So it is better to listen to what the conversation is about before speaking.There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences we all want to get along.Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely. __67__ It is about treating people withrespect and care.Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived. Examine the situationgroup. Don’tand the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something valuable, ratherthan something meaningless. __68__ Don’t try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else. Let other people live how they want to live. __69__ If youdo not like how someone acts, you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible.You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile eases tensions, where a frown can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh at it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful ofyour facial expression. If you are persistently and optimistic, people will cheer up when they are see youcoming.__70__ Some people do not take hints. Some people do not read body language. For these people, itreally works to just say, “I really want us to work well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and back me up.”IV. Summary Writingfluence Makes for Better GradesA Father’s InAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school workand the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome theeconomic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescentsexperience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middleschools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of MexicanAmerican, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades werealso obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism,self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing theirfather’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is amore direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to su the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language artsclasses.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth andacceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.V. Tranalation72. 这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。

上海市奉贤区2018届高三下学期调研测试(二模)英语试题

上海市奉贤区2018届高三下学期调研测试(二模)英语试题

2017-2018第二学期奉贤区调研测试三高英语I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.At an airport B.In a hotel C.At a police station D.At a restaurant2.A.At 4:20 B.At 4:40 C.At 4:50 D.At 4:303.A.Its price B.Its location C.Its comfort D.Its facilities4. A Employer and employee. B. Husband and wife.C. Teacher and student.D. Patient and doctor.5. A. To caocl his trip. B. To go to bed early.C. To catch the later FlightD. To ask for a morning call6. A. Cathy already knows about the exhibit B. Cathy has to act in a play.C. He did show her one of the signs.D. There will be an exhibit in the theatre7. A The critic has a very fumy comment on the musical.B. The woman agrees will the man's opinion of the musical.C. The woman has it very positive comment on the musical.D. The men and the woman differ in their opinion of the musical.8. A. David never likes to play tennis. B. David's unable to play tennis with them.C. David isn't a very good tennis player.D. David is in town for a game of tennis.9．A. Satisfied. B. Impatient. C. Exhausted. D. Amused.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to lift. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better." Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that(21) . (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country's very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22) (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling--a problem which, according to UK government research, isaffecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23) be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking l5 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24) (likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those fromother European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25) (affect) Britons only. In fact, we're all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26) _____has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27). we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox,is to have “proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy.We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops.(28) busy we are,we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29) (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all,.(30) loneliness, many beautiful paintings,songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being human.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A .analyzing B.maintain C. designed D. covered E. capable F. figuresG. recently H. weighing I. undoubtedly J.release K. postsRobots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now,it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories-such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association (PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism” by BBC News, suchsoftware "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism,many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues.For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its ownrobo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to each website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2417, as well as hundreds of social media 36 . So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle,“Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard University's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC News."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do-carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的)stories-will be very hard for machines to master."III. Reading ComprehensionSectionADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more 44 and less neurotic(神经质的)than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45。

2018届奉贤区高考英语一模

2018届奉贤区高考英语一模

2018届奉贤区高考英语一模2017学年奉贤区调研测试英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A. interviewer and interviewee. B. teacher and student.C. doctor and nurse.D. boss and secretary.2. A. 9:00. B. 9:10. C. 9:30.D. 9:35.3. A. pass the journal. B. listen to the woman.C. repeat his request.D. take the journal himself.4. A. exciting. B. disappointing.C. interesting.D. satisfactory.5. A. to make a budget for her. B. to buya gift for Mary.C. to give her mother information about Mary.D. to give some suggestions.6. A. he wants to finish his study. B. he wants to earn a lot of money.C. he wants to finish his study.D. he wants to have a good rest.7. A. The woman should not get involved in the situation.B. The woman should not be angry with the friends.C. he will explain to the woman what happened.D. he will talk to Sally and Mark soon.8. A. good weather tomorrow. B. the vacation plan.C. getting up early in the morning.D. possible heavy traffic.9. A. interested. B. fascinated. C. hostile.D. reluctant.10. A. intelligence determines admission to college.B. highly motivated students usually do well in college.C. successful college students are usually intelligent.D. a successful college motivates its students.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the followingnews.11. A. two terms. B. three terms. C. four terms. D. five terms.12. A. because he had been a policeman.B. because he earned a law degree in a night school.C. because they had formed a good opinion of him.D. because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.13. A. they want people in Los Angeles voted.B. an introduction about Thomas Bradley, major of Los Angeles.C. the reasons why white candidates failed in the vote.D. something Thomas Bradley did for the vote.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. he has more than fourteen pills a day. B. he has two pills a day.C. he has four times a day.D. he has nine pills a day.15. A. all of them. B. three kinds of medicine.C. two kinds of medicine.D. almost none.16. A. children over twelve years old. B. older people with a fever.C. old people with heart attack.D. adults with a cold.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. she has made an attempt to become pregnant.B. she has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another department.C. she has bought the new equipment for the laboratory.D. she has complained to the government about the issue.18. A. because the new equipment is not available now.B. because the patient has made too many complains.C. because the hospital wants to tighten its budget.D. because the new equipment carries a health risk.19. A. a technician in the hospital lab. B. a doctor working in the hospital.C. a teacher working in the school.D. head of hospital administration.20. A. she will be likely to quit her job. B. she still feels at a loss as what to do.C. she will complain to the administration.D. she will fight to get her income back.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADifferent background shouldn’t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus, (21)______ would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a “grammar school”. Baz fai led the examination and went to a “secondary modern school”. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools (22)______ (establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______ they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modern school had (24)______ (few) resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s “comprehensive schools” were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without (25)______ (take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way (26)______ (educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody (27)______ similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially (28)______ from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, thegovernment plans to open new grammar schools (29)______ ______ almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended. And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______ had happened to them. AftertoThe only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) __31__ creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in __32__ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most __33__ insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’__34__ in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, __35__ wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can __36__ the view of their wings,”Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote. Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a __37__, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted t hat they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings __38__ their direction at the end of each half-stroke,” he wrote in the study. Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be __39__ to new developments in more human-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and __40__ how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AArtists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity. But is there reallya(n) __41__ between intoxication（醉酒）and inspiration? A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity. The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in __42__ executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems: “Sometimes a reduced ability to __43__ one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,” they write. The findings raise the question of whether drugs that __44__ attention and focus, in particular, stimulants（兴奋剂）, would have the opposite effect on creative thinking __45__, very little research has been done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well vary according to individual __46__ to the drugs. __47__, some research has found that while stimulants can __48__ test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also explain why artists, writers and musicians appear to be more __49__ to have anaddiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be __50__ to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reduced executive function is __51__ in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easily influenced by __52__ once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors __53__ that their study findings don’t give people __54__ to get drunk to “inspire the muse（冥想）.” Co-author Jennifer Wiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest: “We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to __55__. There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would h ave the same effects.”A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help.41. A. attraction B. reservation C. connection D. decoration42. A. strengthening B. damaging C. maintaining D. assessing43. A. block B. reduce C. disturbD. control44. A. remain B. drop C. shiftD. increase45. A. However B. Moreover C. InsteadD. Therefore46. A. additions B. responses C. oppositions D. contrasts47. A. For example B. On the contrary C. Asa result D. On the other hand48. A. conceal B. executive C. improveD. delete49. A. vital B. likely C. idealD. difficult50. A. attracted B. contributed C. responded D. withdrawn51. A. responsible B. illegal C. naturalD. impossible52. A. confusion B. ambition C.addiction D. exhaustion53. A. lower B. monitor C. functionD. caution54. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciation D. license55. A. priorities B. extremes C. bottomD. AffectionSection B(A)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, shook her head and said: “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps（食品券）. My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the women returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman. “Excuse me,” I said, my voice trembling a bit. “I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse. When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply. Having never anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”After we embraced, I walked back to my car -- and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.56. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs?A. The woman’s family mainly depends on her son.B. The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free.C. The woman and her family were having a tough lime.D. The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman.57. The woman cried when she got the card, probably because ______.A. it greatly encouraged herB. she could use it to buy foodC. it could solve her present problemD. itcould land her husband a job58. The underlined word “startled” in Paragraph10 probably means ______.A. interestedB. gratefulC. ashamedD. astonished59. From the article, we can tell that the author is a ______ person.A. smartB. kind-heartedC. knowledgeableD. confident(B)Seek Out a Unique BeachVISITOregon. For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches of Florida, check out the Oregon coast and its 363 miles of gorgeous shoreline, stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California. Every beach is public and free. “The coast is a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves（小海湾）,” says Bramblett. July and Augustaren’t peak gray whale migration season, but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the 200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse. Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking the Pacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats, Oregon. The working lighthouse, which dated to 1894, cast a bright beam 21 miles out to sea, making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast. The cliff-top rooms at the Light Keeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap-you’ll sell out up to $ 385 for a weekend night during peak season (price includes a seven-course breakfast). BEWAREDangerous currents Unless you love cold water (or wear a wet suit), you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast, even during the summer. But if you do, be prepared for the U.S. Lifesaving Association. Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulle d out to sea, then swim diagonally（成对角线地）toward the shore.BRINGBaby powder. Use a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand rom your hands, feet or hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture, allowing sand to fall off easily.60. It can be inferred rom the section SLEEP that ______.A. the price of one night stay remains the same all the year aroundB. those who stay there can have a free access to the beach and the lighthouseC. those who want to stay there have to pay more during a tourist seasonD. the price includes the breakfast for seven people61. What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?A. Avoid wearing wet suits.B. Never dive into the cold water off the coast.C. Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.D. Don’t swim straight toward the shore whenthere’re dangerous currents.62. Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences EXCEPT ______.A. a perfect view of sea lionsB. a mariner like stay in the more than 100-year-old lighthouseC. a seafood feast in the popular local communityD. sun and fun of the less crowed beach.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type. Mr. Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” te chnologyeconomy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science expertswho use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr. Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problem.B. Expert crisis.C. High cost.D. Customer interactions.64. What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A. To point out the problems facing machine learning experts.B. To call on companies to cultivate more experts in data science.C. To tell the readers the present situation of data science.D. To advice non-technology companies to look beyond the advantages they face.66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Data science: A forefront force in tech businessB. Corporate competition: An obstacle to the transitionC. Machine learning: A key to smart technologyD. Technique experts: A decisive factor of the coming era.There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences we all want to get along.Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely. __67__ It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a group. Don’t indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived. Examine the situation and the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something valuable, rather than something meaningless. __68__ Don’t try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else. Let other people live how they want to live. __69__ If you do not like how someone acts, you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile eases tensions, where a frown can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh at it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful of your facial expression. If you are persistently andoptimistic, people will cheer up when they are see you coming.__70__ Some people do not take hints. Some people do not read body language. For these people, it really works to just say, “I really want us to work well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and back me up.”IV. Summary WritingA Father’s Influence Makes for Be tter Grades Adolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief intheir ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.V. Tranalation72. 这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。

2019届上海市奉贤区高三上学期期末调研考试英语试卷及答案

2019届上海市奉贤区高三上学期期末调研考试英语试卷及答案

2019届奉贤区高三上学期期末调研考试英语试卷（2018.12）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. At the theatre.C. In a meeting room.D. At the office.2. A. Boss and clerk. B. Teacher and student.C. Policeman and driver.D. Doctor and nurse.3. A. The demand of the job market. B. The location of the hotel.C. The damage to the environment.D. The solution to the issue.4. A. $5. B. $10. C. $15. D. $50.5. A. Green. B. Light blue. C. Green and blue. D.Yellow.6. A. He prefers to eat out. B. He wants to order the 1 / 26。

【英语】上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题

【英语】上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题

1. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airportB. In a hotelC. At a police station.D. At a restaurant2. A. At4:20B. At4:40C. At4:50.D. At4:303. A. Its priceB. Its locationC. Its comfortD. Its facilities4. A Employer and employB. Husband and wifeC. Teacher and studentD. Patient and doctor5. A. To cancel his trip.B. To go to bed earlyC. To catch the later flightD. To ask for a morning call.6. A. Cathy already knows about the exhibit.B. Cathy has to act in a play.C. He did show her one of the signs.D. There will be an exhibit in the theatre.7. A. The critic has a very funny comment on the musicalB The woman agrees with the mans opinion of the musical.C. The woman has a very positive comment on the musical.D. The man and the woman differ in their opinion of the musical.8. A. David never likes to play tennis.B. David's unable to play tennis with them.C. David isn't a very good tennis player.D. David is in town for a game of tennis.9. A. Satisfied.B. Impatient.C. Exhausted.D. Amused.10. A. He wants to get a new job.B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D He enjoys letter writing.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wanted to have a garden similar to their neighbour's.B. Her husband would like to have a beautiful backyard.C. She was going to make the rented house her own home.D. The community required them to keep the backyard lovely.12. A. By getting involved in doing voluntary work.B. By picking up mails for their neighbours.C. By keeping an eye on their neighbours' children.D. By planting trees along the street with others.13. A. Her husband volunteered to work in the neighbourhood.B. They took on new responsibilities for their neighbours.C. She was planning to plant a new garden in the backyard.D. She enjoyed the relationship they built with the community.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To find out what covers the Earth.B. To list all living things on Earth.C. To work out the number of birds.D. To save the existing plants.15. A. It is run by school students.B. It focuses on different types of grass.C. It provides different levels of information.D. It allows non-scientists to review its data.16. A. We may know just a small part of all the living creatures of Earth.B. We have learnt most of the living creatures on Earth.C. Only scientists can help to make the Encyclopedia of Life.D. It won't be long before scientists collect all the data they need. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It is a club for people from different countries to socialize.B. It is a club for British people to socialize in Washington.C. It is a club for people from different countries to discuss business.D. It is a club which arranges for people from different countries to do sports together.18. A. Monday.B. Tuesday.C. Wednesday.D. Thursday.19. A. She can study and practise German free of charge.B. She can have a meal in a restaurant with anyone from different countries.C. She can communicate with all the sixty members at the moment.D. She doesn't need to pay for her first month in the club.20. A No activity is organized by International Friends Club on Wednesday.B. The woman came to America three months ago.C. International Friends Club organizes sports events for its members.D. If one wants to join in International Friends Club, he should fill in a form. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better. Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21)_______ (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country’s very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)______ (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling—a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)______be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)______ (likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)_____ (affect) Britons only. In fact, were all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26)______ has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27)________ we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have "proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28)_______ _______ _______ busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)_______ (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30)______ loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being humman. Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines to master."III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing more 44 and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people, long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 , other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28, 000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets, Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destin(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learnto change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41. A. statements B. definitions C. applicationsD. explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C. rely onD. consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C. persuasiveD. sensitive45. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeableD. formal46. A. resources B. associations C. proceduresD. interactions47. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise48. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D.for instance49. A. resistant B. open C. blindD. alert50. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy51. A. reject B. strive C. claimD. oppose52. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine53. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate54. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainableD. enjoyable55. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objectionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forwardto pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.BEight Days from just E399Departs May—October 2018Includes:●Return flights from 8 UK airports to Naples●Return airport to hotel transport●Seven nights' accommodation at the 3☆ Hotel Nice●The services of guides●Government taxesJoin us for a wonderful holiday in one of Europe's most wonderful comers. Long a favourite with holidaymakers —indeed the ancient Romans called the area "happy land" —this simply attractive coastline of colourful towns, splendid views and the warm Mediterranean Sea is a perfect choice for a truly memorable holiday!Choose between the peaceful traditional village of Sant' Agata, set on a hillside six miles from Sorrento, or the more lively and well—known international resort town of Sorrento, with wonderful views over the Bay of Naples.Breathtaking scenery and famous sights everywhere. From the legendary Island of Capri to the haunting ruins of Pompeii and from the unforgettable "Amalfi Drive" to the delightful resorts of Positano, Sorrento and Ravello, the area is a feast for the eyes! Should you choose to join us, we know that you will not be disappointed!With a choice of hotels and optional excursions including Capri, Pompei and the "Amalfi Drive", this is a truly unmissable holiday.Price based on two tourists sharing a twin / double room at the Hotel Nice.Like to know more? Then telephone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd on: 0845-226-7766(All calls charged at local rates).60. All the following are included in the price of ￡399 EXCEPT_______.A. transport between the airport and the hotelB. telephone calls made by touristsC. the services of guides to touristsD. double rooms for every two tourists61. What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?A. To invite people to take a breath in the Bay of Naples.B. To advise people to telephone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd.C. To persuade people to tour in the area of the Mediterranean Sea.D. To attract people to go to Sant' Agata or Sorrento for sightseeing.62. The underlined part "the area is a feast for the eyes" in the passage mean_______.A. the area is pleasing to the eyeB. the area is really unforgettableC. the area catches the tourists' eyeD. the area is crowded with touristsC"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressuresof work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common inGermany than in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any otherday of the week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly because ______.A. they are afraid of returning to workB. they are reluctant to face the pressures of another weekC. most of them are not in good healthD. they are much busier on Mondays than on any other days of the week65. In the following research, Dr. Willich will probably try to find out______.A. if smoking and cholesterol will cause heart attackB. if increase in blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal changes will cause heart attacksC. on which day people are least likely to have a heart attackD. if events like higher workload, more stress and so on will cause heart attacks.66. What is the best title for the passage?A. Causes of Heart Attacks on Mondays.B. Warning: Mondays Are Bad for Your Heart.C. The Overweight and Smokers Risk Heart Attacks on Mondays.D. Reduce Your Chance of Having Heart Attacks on Mondays.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree.67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68 This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it sho uld be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year. 70 Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US and around the world - Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi Rivertown of Hudson, Wisconsin, to honour his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further.Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to LittleFreelibrary. org. there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around the world, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that they are something different in a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. when you open the door of the box, chance and your neighbours' tastes determine what you'll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or a tour guidebook.For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries main appeal. "A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading, a man on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life, said The Atlantic article. "Every book is a potential source of inspiration."V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。

【英语】上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题

【英语】上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题

1. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airportB. In a hotelC. At a police station.D. At a restaurant2. A. At4:20B. At4:40C. At4:50.D. At4:303. A. Its priceB. Its locationC. Its comfortD. Its facilities4. A Employer and employB. Husband and wifeC. Teacher and studentD. Patient and doctor5. A. To cancel his trip.B. To go to bed earlyC. To catch the later flightD. To ask for a morning call.6. A. Cathy already knows about the exhibit.B. Cathy has to act in a play.C. He did show her one of the signs.D. There will be an exhibit in the theatre.7. A. The critic has a very funny comment on the musicalB The woman agrees with the mans opinion of the musical.C. The woman has a very positive comment on the musical.D. The man and the woman differ in their opinion of the musical.8. A. David never likes to play tennis.B. David's unable to play tennis with them.C. David isn't a very good tennis player.D. David is in town for a game of tennis.9. A. Satisfied.B. Impatient.C. Exhausted.D. Amused.10. A. He wants to get a new job.B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D He enjoys letter writing.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wanted to have a garden similar to their neighbour's.B. Her husband would like to have a beautiful backyard.C. She was going to make the rented house her own home.D. The community required them to keep the backyard lovely.12. A. By getting involved in doing voluntary work.B. By picking up mails for their neighbours.C. By keeping an eye on their neighbours' children.D. By planting trees along the street with others.13. A. Her husband volunteered to work in the neighbourhood.B. They took on new responsibilities for their neighbours.C. She was planning to plant a new garden in the backyard.D. She enjoyed the relationship they built with the community.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To find out what covers the Earth.B. To list all living things on Earth.C. To work out the number of birds.D. To save the existing plants.15. A. It is run by school students.B. It focuses on different types of grass.C. It provides different levels of information.D. It allows non-scientists to review its data.16. A. We may know just a small part of all the living creatures of Earth.B. We have learnt most of the living creatures on Earth.C. Only scientists can help to make the Encyclopedia of Life.D. It won't be long before scientists collect all the data they need. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It is a club for people from different countries to socialize.B. It is a club for British people to socialize in Washington.C. It is a club for people from different countries to discuss business.D. It is a club which arranges for people from different countries to do sports together.18. A. Monday.B. Tuesday.C. Wednesday.D. Thursday.19. A. She can study and practise German free of charge.B. She can have a meal in a restaurant with anyone from different countries.C. She can communicate with all the sixty members at the moment.D. She doesn't need to pay for her first month in the club.20. A No activity is organized by International Friends Club on Wednesday.B. The woman came to America three months ago.C. International Friends Club organizes sports events for its members.D. If one wants to join in International Friends Club, he should fill in a form. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better. Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21)_______ (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country’s very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)______ (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling—a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)______be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)______ (likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)_____ (affect) Britons only. In fact, were all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26)______ has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27)________ we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have "proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28)_______ _______ _______ busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)_______ (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30)______ loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being humman. Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines to master."III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing more 44 and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people, long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 , other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28, 000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets, Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destin(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learnto change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41. A. statements B. definitions C. applicationsD. explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C. rely onD. consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C. persuasiveD. sensitive45. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeableD. formal46. A. resources B. associations C. proceduresD. interactions47. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise48. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D.for instance49. A. resistant B. open C. blindD. alert50. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy51. A. reject B. strive C. claimD. oppose52. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine53. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate54. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainableD. enjoyable55. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objectionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forwardto pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.BEight Days from just E399Departs May—October 2018Includes:●Return flights from 8 UK airports to Naples●Return airport to hotel transport●Seven nights' accommodation at the 3☆ Hotel Nice●The services of guides●Government taxesJoin us for a wonderful holiday in one of Europe's most wonderful comers. Long a favourite with holidaymakers —indeed the ancient Romans called the area "happy land" —this simply attractive coastline of colourful towns, splendid views and the warm Mediterranean Sea is a perfect choice for a truly memorable holiday!Choose between the peaceful traditional village of Sant' Agata, set on a hillside six miles from Sorrento, or the more lively and well—known international resort town of Sorrento, with wonderful views over the Bay of Naples.Breathtaking scenery and famous sights everywhere. From the legendary Island of Capri to the haunting ruins of Pompeii and from the unforgettable "Amalfi Drive" to the delightful resorts of Positano, Sorrento and Ravello, the area is a feast for the eyes! Should you choose to join us, we know that you will not be disappointed!With a choice of hotels and optional excursions including Capri, Pompei and the "Amalfi Drive", this is a truly unmissable holiday.Price based on two tourists sharing a twin / double room at the Hotel Nice.Like to know more? Then telephone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd on: 0845-226-7766(All calls charged at local rates).60. All the following are included in the price of ￡399 EXCEPT_______.A. transport between the airport and the hotelB. telephone calls made by touristsC. the services of guides to touristsD. double rooms for every two tourists61. What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?A. To invite people to take a breath in the Bay of Naples.B. To advise people to telephone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd.C. To persuade people to tour in the area of the Mediterranean Sea.D. To attract people to go to Sant' Agata or Sorrento for sightseeing.62. The underlined part "the area is a feast for the eyes" in the passage mean_______.A. the area is pleasing to the eyeB. the area is really unforgettableC. the area catches the tourists' eyeD. the area is crowded with touristsC"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressuresof work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common inGermany than in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any otherday of the week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly because ______.A. they are afraid of returning to workB. they are reluctant to face the pressures of another weekC. most of them are not in good healthD. they are much busier on Mondays than on any other days of the week65. In the following research, Dr. Willich will probably try to find out______.A. if smoking and cholesterol will cause heart attackB. if increase in blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal changes will cause heart attacksC. on which day people are least likely to have a heart attackD. if events like higher workload, more stress and so on will cause heart attacks.66. What is the best title for the passage?A. Causes of Heart Attacks on Mondays.B. Warning: Mondays Are Bad for Your Heart.C. The Overweight and Smokers Risk Heart Attacks on Mondays.D. Reduce Your Chance of Having Heart Attacks on Mondays.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree.67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68 This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it sho uld be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year. 70 Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US and around the world - Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi Rivertown of Hudson, Wisconsin, to honour his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further.Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to LittleFreelibrary. org. there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around the world, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that they are something different in a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. when you open the door of the box, chance and your neighbours' tastes determine what you'll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or a tour guidebook.For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries main appeal. "A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading, a man on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life, said The Atlantic article. "Every book is a potential source of inspiration."V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。

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2017-2018学年奉贤区期末调研测试
高三英语试卷
I.Listening
Comprehen
sion Section
A
Directions: I n Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is
the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. interviewer and interviewee. B. teacher and student.
C. doctor and nurse.
D. boss and secretary.
2. A. 9:00. B. 9:10. C. 9:30. D. 9:35.
3. A. pass the journal. B. listen to the woman.
C. repeat his request.
D. take the journal himself.
4. A. exciting. B. disappointing.
C. interesting.
D. satisfactory.
5. A. to make a budget for her. B. to buy a gift for Mary.
C. to give her mother information about Mary.
D. to give some suggestions.
6. A. he wants to finish his study. B. he wants to earn a lot of money.
C. he wants to finish his study.
D. he wants to have a good rest.
7. A. The woman should not get involved in the situation.
B. The woman should not be angry with the friends.
C. he will explain to the woman what happened.
D. he will talk to Sally and Mark soon.
8. A. good weather tomorrow. B. the vacation plan.
C. getting up early in the morning.
D. possible heavy traffic.
9. A. interested. B. fascinated. C. hostile. D. reluctant.
10. A. intelligence determines admission to college.
B. highly motivated students usually do well in college.
C. successful college students are usually intelligent.
D. a successful college motivates its students.
Section B
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.
11. A. two terms. B. three terms. C. four terms. D. five terms.
12. A. because he had been a policeman.
B. because he earned a law degree in a night school.
C. because they had formed a good opinion of him.
D. because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.
13. A. they want people in Los Angeles voted.
B. an introduction about Thomas Bradley, major of Los Angeles.
C. the reasons why white candidates failed in the vote.
D. something Thomas Bradley did for the vote.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. he has more than fourteen pills a day. B. he has two pills a day.
C. he has four times a day.
D. he has nine pills a day.
15. A. all of them. B. three kinds of medicine.
C. two kinds of medicine.
D. almost none.
16. A. children over twelve years old. B. older people with a fever.
C. old people with heart attack.
D. adults with a cold.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. she has made an attempt to become pregnant.
B. she has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another department.
C. she has bought the new equipment for the laboratory.。

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