09年NO1参考解答

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09英语1真题答案及解析

09英语1真题答案及解析在学习英语过程中，做真题是提高英语水平的重要途径之一。

特别是做历年的真题，不仅能够了解考试的题型和难度，还能够发现自己的不足之处，从而有针对性地提高自己的英语能力。

下面，本文将针对09年的英语1真题进行答案及解析，希望对同学们的备考有所帮助。

阅读理解1. A解析：根据第一段最后一句话的“Music and talent shows have always been popular”可知，选项A的“古代文化和当代艺术表演”符合文意。

2. B解析：根据第二段的第一句“Music festivals have been around for hundreds of years, and they are just as popular as ever.”可知，选项B的“音乐节已有数百年的历史，而且人们对它们的热情从未减退”符合文意。

3. A解析：根据第三段的第一句“In conclusion, talent shows and music festivals are two different kinds of entertainment that have a lot in common.”可知，选项A的“两者有相似之处”符合文意。

4. C解析：根据第四段的第一句“The first and most obvious similarity is that both events revolve around music.”可知，选项C的“两个活动都与音乐有关”符合文意。

5. C解析：根据最后一段的第一句“The main difference between the two is the way in whic h they showcase talent.”可知，选项C的“两者的主要区别在于展示才华的方式”符合文意。

完形填空1. D解析：根据第一段的“He ________ a lot of money and time going to the local movie theater.”以及下一段的“And every Saturday night, he _________ to a different movie at the theater.”可知，选项D的“spent”和“went”符合文意。

2009年高考全国卷1试题及答案(理综)

2012年十堰市初中毕业生调研考试数学试题分析2012年十堰市初中毕业生数学调研试题在继承十堰市近几年中考命题整体思路的基础上，坚持“整体稳定，局部调整，稳中求变、变中求新”的命题原则，贯彻《义务教育课程标准（实验稿）》（以下简称《课程标准》）和《十堰市2012年初中毕业生学业考试数学考试说明》（以下简称《中考说明》）所阐述的命题指导思想，关注学生的数学基础知识和能力、数学学习过程和数学创新意识，突出对基础知识、基本技能和基本数学思想的考查，整套试题覆盖面广，题量适当，结构合理，难度适中，能对数学教学起良好的导向作用．一、总体评价试题命制严格按照《课程标准》和《中考说明》的相关要求，充分体现和落实新课程改革的理念和精神.在全面考查课程标准规定的义务教育阶段的数学核心内容的基础上，注重基础知识、基本能力和基本思想方法的考查，关注对数学活动过程和活动经验的考查，加强了探究性问题的设计与应用．试题关注学生的心理特征，题目起点较低，难度分布合理有序．在考查方向上，体现了突出基础，注重能力的思想；在考查内容上，体现了基础性、开放性、应用性、探究性和综合性．在具体操作上，紧扣《中考说明》，强调教材的重要性，保证素材的公平性，题目的呈现形式和内容丰富多彩．既着眼于熟悉的题型和在此基础上的演变，容易题直接来自于基础，中等题变相来自于基础，较难度题绕弯来自于课本基础题，又着眼于情景的创新，而且注意根据考查目标的差异采用不同的呈现方式．这都有利于考生稳定发挥其真实的数学水平，对于改善初中数学教学方式与学生的学习方式有较好的导向作用．整张试卷与近两年十堰市中考数学试题相比在稳定中求变化，在反思中求完善，试题具有良好的区分度和选拔功能．试题结构与上一年相同，选择题10道共30分，填空题6道共18分，解答题9道共72分．基础题1至9、11至14、17至19、20至24题中的第（1）问较简单，要求学生能够准确运算、严密推理、规范书写．较难题10、16适当增加了难度，难点分散在各类题型中出现，要求考生基本功扎实，能够灵活运用数学思想方法解决问题，还要求学生有较强的心理素质，努力克服障碍，合理答卷．至于综合性较强的24、25题也都考虑到不同层面考生的认知水平设置多问，适当搭梯子，充分体现了数学面向全体学生的特点．二、试题特点1、注重对数学重点内容和核心知识的考查在初中数学中，函数起着主导作用，处于核心地位．试卷的第7、9、11、16、21、25题考查了初中学习的所有函数类型，尤其重点考查了一次函数和二次函数，围绕这一主干知识，考查了看图象、求函数解析式、运用函数解析式和建立函数模型等，考查中还结合了反比例函数、一次函数、二次函数和方程、不等式等知识，显现了重点知识的基础性和广泛的联系性．三角形和四边形是几何的基石．试题第4、5、8、10、14、15、16、20、22、24、25题全面考查了三角形、四边形的内容，重点考查了等腰、等边、直角等特殊三角形和平行四边形、菱形、正方形等特殊四边形的定义、判定和性质．2、重视对数学思想方法的考查数学的思想方法是数学学科的灵魂，它有时并非刻意指向解题所运用的数学知识，而更多的体现在对解题策略的思考和选择上．本套试题借助看似平实简洁的问题设置，却凸显了数学思想方法在解题时的重要作用．通过考查学生对数学方法的自觉运用，来对学生的数学能力作出区分．全卷几乎涵盖了初中最常见最实用的数学思想和方法，如分类思想（第 1、7、25②③题），转化思想（第 4、15、22题），方程思想（第16、19、23、24、25题），函数思想（第 18、24 题），数形结合思想（第1、7、9、16、21、22题），统计思想（第 13题），数学建模思想（第21、22、23题）等数学思想．主要方法有配方法（第21题），观察与猜想法（第8、10、20题），待定系数法（第25①题），归纳法（第21题）等．3、注重应用数学知识解决实际问题的能力的考查数学来源于生活，同时也必将应用于生活，学数学就是为了解决生活中所碰到的实际问题．因此，现实生活是数学学科的出发点和最终归宿，让数学回归现实是数学课程改革的重要目标之一．《中考说明》明确指出，要重视实际应用问题的考查．在考查学生基本能力的同时，注重考查学生的思维能力，以及应用数学知识分析问题和解决简单实际问题的能力，以利于发挥学生的创造性．为彰显课程改革的方向，本套试题联系实际的题目占有相当的比例．如第3题（让学生了解空气的单位体积质量的同时，考查了科学计数法的概念）、5题（考查简单几何体的主视图）、8题（对折两次长方形后如何剪下一个角得60度菱形）、9题（行程问题在一次函数中的应用，试题在背景呈现上贴近社会现实，充满着生活气息，使学生真实地感受到“数学来源于生活，又返回来指导生活”的价值．本题考查的核心是从函数图象中中提取信息、分析数据、解决实际问题的思想和能力）、13题（从30名九年级学生的仰卧起坐次数中考查频率的概念）、18题（以小丽和小明玩摸牌和转盘游戏，考查学生概率知识的同时，也渗透了思想教育）、19题（不但考查了学生能根据问题中的数量关系，列出可化为一元一次方程的分式方程解决简单的实际问题的能力，而且还让学生了解“神七”，增强民族自豪感）、22题（让学生运用解直角三角形的有关知识解决旅游风景区中索道的长）、23题（有关销售方案中利润问题，考查学生能在较复杂的实际情景中找到研究对象之间的不等关系）题．4、设置探究、开放性试题，坚持能力立意命题试题的着力点放在核心能力上，考查在具体情境中运用所学知识分析和解决问题的能力．试题注重对考生创新精神和实践能力的考查（如第9、10、15、16、20②、21、22②、23③、24②、25②③题）．5、注重综合运用，合理体现选拔功能为体现数学学业考试向高一级学校选拔和提供新生的目的，试题在命制过程中，充分注意到了设置合理的区分度，精心编制压轴题，综合考查学生的各种数学能力，以便正确区分不同学生的数学学习水平．如24题是以几何图形中的直线与圆为背景的综合题，考查与圆有关的综合问题的计算．本题涉及知识与方法众多，等腰三角形、直角三角形、全等三角形、相似三角形的性质、勾股定理、三角形的中位线、比例线段、圆、一元一次方程、方程思想、转化思想等等，几乎涉及了七至九年级所有重要的数学核心知识．25题涉及一次函数、二次函数、一元一次方程、直角三角形、相似三角形、比例线段、待定系数法、观察与猜想法、分类讨论思想、转化思想、方程思想、数形结合思想．这两题从命题技术上均采用“宽入窄出、缓步提升”的分层次考查策略，并且两题的解法多样．既关注了不同数学水平学生的解题需要，又突出了题目应有的选拔作用．三、数据分析本次调研考试我们采取抽样阅卷进行统计分析，样本学校是：市外国语学校，市十三中，东风三中，郧县柳陂中学，丹江口市三官殿中学共五所学校．下面是抽样数据：1-10题 11-16题 17题 18题 19题 20题 21题 22题 23题 24题 25题总分满分率 32.0% 1.4% 83.8% 68.4% 3.1% 28.6% 21.4% 27.6% 24.3% 7.0% 0.2% 0.0% 优秀率 83.0% 13.3% 84.9% 75.7% 52.9% 52.0% 23.3% 28.1% 37.8% 7.5% 0.5% 10.2% 及格率 94.4% 58.0% 85.0% 76.0% 54.8% 64.6% 29.3% 30.4% 51.9% 17.2% 1.7% 52.7% 低分率 0.3% 8.7% 12.8% 18.5% 42.7% 14.6% 57.1% 51.5% 19.4% 68.9% 82.7% 11.2% 平均分 25.91 10.31 5.16 4.71 3.61 5.49 2.97 3.23 4.60 2.32 1.38 69.68 难度系数0.86 0.57 0.86 0.79 0.52 0.69 0.42 0.40 0.57 0.23 0.12 0.58全市数据：单位参考人数平均分优秀率及格率低分率全市18342 67.14 10.50% 47.20% 21.80% 茅箭810 64.62 16.20% 43.70% 31.20% 白浪253 57.94 11.50% 31.20% 41.90% 张湾 1034 59.66 8.60% 36.80% 36.80%房县2245 67.69 8.29% 44.90% 18.75%郧西1496 64.27 6.50% 44.30% 25.60%郧县2222 68.37 7.50% 50.00% 16.50%竹山1087 59.11 1.90% 34.30% 31.30%竹溪2427 62.14 4.40% 38.10% 25.80%丹江2005 70.40 14.80% 54.60% 19.50%武当山246 75.98 10.20% 67.90% 9.80%东风分局2555 73.87 16.80% 55.90% 12.20%市直1973 72.29 18.96% 58.03% 13.48%分析：通过阅卷情况分析和抽样数据及全市数据分析，第一大题选择题难度适中，第10题能否改变选项设置形式，避免学生猜答案。

2009年考研英语一真题答案解析

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案：Section Ⅰ1-5 B A D B C 11-15 D B C D A6-10 A D C B D 16-20 C B A A CSection ⅡPart A21-25 C D A D A 31-35 D B B C C26-30 A C D A B 36-40 B B D A CPart B41-45 C E A B GPart C46.译文：虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初动机的组成部分。

47. 译文：人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这一副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢48. 译文：虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们很容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响，然而在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。

49．译文：由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因此我们不仅要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。

50. 译文：这就使我们得以在一只讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育形式，即直接教授或学校教育。

Section ⅢPart ADear editor，I have been reading your newspaper for many years and now I am writing this letter toinform you of the pressing situation we are facing now.Accustomed to using plastic bags in daily life, some people still take the “white polluti granted, which will greatly worsen our environment. As we know, limiting the use of disposableplastic bags is of utmost significance. Therefore, to save the situation from further aggravating, Iwould like to give the following suggestions:First and foremost, groups and individuals who are polluting our environment by using theplastic disposable plastic bags should be severely punished. In addition, the local media canmake full use of their own influence to publicize the negative effect of plastic bags and enhancepeople’s awareness of environmental protection. Last but not least, new technologies should bedeveloped to find possible alternatives with degradable and renewable materials.I hope that my suggestions are helpful and your prompt attention to my suggestions would behighly appreciated.Sincerely yours，Li MingPart BAs we can see in the picture, many people, old or young, men or women, are in front of acomputer and using the internet in the space just like a huge web of a spider. The caption in thedrawing reads: “the internet: near or far ”.It is obvious that the huge spider web is the symbol of the Internet and the symbolic meaningof the picture is the effect of the internet on people’s way of life.There is no doubt that theInternet provides us with considerable convenience. Internet is revolutionizing our way of living,making many things possible which are beyond our dreams. As a communication tool, the internetmakes us closer than ever before by providing immediate communication via e-mail, QQ, MSN orICQ, no matter how far away our friends are. So in this sense, the internet is making us nearer toeach other.However, there are negative effects of the internet on people’s life. As is shown in the picture people are imprisoned in their own respective small cabins, indulging in their own world. Theychoose contacting online rather than communicating face to face. Due to the addiction to thefictional experience, people seem to have forgotten the traditional and most efficientcommunication method, and thus indifference has become a not uncommon phenomenon in themodern world. We often hear parents complain that they have less and less time chatting withtheir children either because their children spend too much time playing games or chatting onlinewith friends or strangers. Also there are couples who seldom talk with each other. Therefore,internet seems to make near people far away.Hence, how to use modern communicating tools such as internet properly has becomes a hotissue in recent years. While we are enjoying the convenience provided by the internet, we shouldalso bear in mind that human beings are social beings who need real interpersonal interactions.Joint efforts are needed to ensure enough time for people especially families to have face-to-facecommunication with each other. Only in this way can we expect a healthy development of therelationship among individuals.答案详解第一部分英语知识运用这是一篇关于动物智能方面的文章，节选自2008年5月7日刊登在《纽约时报》的The Cost of Smarts（“聪明的代价”）。

2009年数学一试题答案、解析

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题一、选择题：1~8小题，每小题8分，共32分，下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。

（1）当0x →时，()sin f x x ax =-与2()ln(1)g x x bx =-等价无穷小，则（）（A ）11,6a b ==- （B ）11,6a b ==（C ）11,6a b =-=- （D ）11,6a b =-=【解析与点评】考点：无穷小量比阶的概念与极限运算法则。

参见水木艾迪考研数学春季基础班教材《考研数学通用辅导讲义》（秦华大学出版社）例 4.67，强化班教材《大学数学强化 299》16、17 等例题。

【答案】A22220000sin sin 1cos sin lim lim lim lim ln(1)()36x x x x x ax x ax a x a axx bx x bx bx bx→→→→---===---- 230sin lim 166.x a ax a b b axa →==-=- 36ab =-意味选项B ，C 错误。

再由21cos lim 3x a axbx →-=-存在，故有1cos 0(0)a ax x -→→，故a=1，D 错误，所以选A 。

（2）如图，正方形{(,)|||1,||1}x y x y ≤≤被其对角线划分为四个区域，(1,2,3,4),cos KK K D D k I y xdxdy ==⎰⎰，则14max{}K K I ≤≤=（）【解析与点评】本题利用二重积分区域的对称性及被积函数的奇偶性。

对称性与轮换对称性在几分钟的应用是水木艾迪考研数学重点打造的技巧之一。

参见水木艾迪考研数学春季班教材《考研数学通用辅导讲义----微积分》例 12.3、12.14、12.16、12.17，强化班教材《大学数学同步强化 299》117 题，以及《考研数学三十六技》例 18-4。

2009年高考英语试题及答案(全国卷1)

A（2009年全国卷）I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened. Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong, and ran down to the edge of the near bank. There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf struggling in the fast-rising water, and it was a life-and-death struggle. Her calf was floating and screaming with fear. Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get, holding her whole body against the rushing water, and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body. Every now and then the rushing water would sweep the calf away.There was a sudden rise in the water and the calf was washed clean over the mother's body and was gone. Ma Shwe turned quickly to reach it and pressed the calf with her head and trunk(象鼻) against the rocky bank. Then with a huge effort, she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock.Just at this moment, she fell back into the river. If she were carried down, it would be certain death. I knew, as well as she did, that there was one spot (地点) where she could get up the bank, but it was on the other side from where she had put her calf.While I was wondering what I could do next，I heard the sound of a mother‟s love．Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could，roaring(吼叫)all the time，but to her calf it was music．56．The moment the author got down to the river bank he saw ．A．the calf was about to fall into the riverB．Ma Shwe was placing the calf on the rockC．the calf was washed away by the rising waterD．Ma Shwe was holding the calf against the rushing water57．How did Ma Shwe manage to save her calf from the fast-flowing water?A．By putting it on a safe spot．B．By pressing it against her body．C．By taking it away with her．D．By carrying it on her back58．How did the calf feel about the mother elephant‟s roaring?A．It was a great comfort．B．It was a sign of danger．C．It was a call for help. D．It Was a musical note．59．What can be the best title for the text?A.A Mother‟s LoveB.A Brave ActC.A Deadly RiverD.A Matter of Life and DeathB（2009年全国卷）Computer programmer David Jones earns￡35,000 a year designing new computer games，yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡)．Instead，he has been told to wait another two years，until he is 18．The 16-year-old works for a small firm in Liverpool，where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job．David‟s firm releases(推出) two new games for the fast growing computer market each month．But David‟s biggest headache is what to do with his money．Even though he earns a lot, he cannot drive a car, take out a mortgage(抵押贷款)，or get credit cards．David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago，a year after leaving school with six O-levels andworking for a time in a computer shop．“I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs，” he said．David spends some of his money on records and clothes，and gives his mother 50 pounds a week．But most of his spare time is spent working．“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school,” he said．“But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time．I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school．Most people in this business are fairly young，anyway.”David added：“l would like to earn a million and I suppos e early retirement(退休)is a possibility．You never know when the market might disappear．”60．In what way is David different from people of his age?A．He often goes out with friends．B．He lives with his mother．C．He has a handsome income．D．He graduated：with six O-levels．61．What is one of the problems that David is facing now?A．He is too young to get a credit card．B．He has no time to learn driving.C．He has very little spare time．D．He will soon lose his job．62．Why was David able to get the job in the company?A．He had done well in all his exams.B．He had written some computer programs．C．He was good at playing computer games．D．He had learnt to use computers at schoo1．63．Why did David decide to leave school and start working?A．He received lots of job offers．B．He was eager to help his mother．C．He lost interest in school studies．D．He wanted to earn his own living．C（2009年全国卷）We have met the enemy，and he is ours．We bought him at a pet shop．When monkey-pox，a disease usually found in the African rain forest，suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest，it's hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings．“Most of the infections(感染) we think of as human infections staned in other animals，” says Stephen Morse，director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University．It‟s not just that we‟re going to where the animals are；we‟re also bringing them closer to us．Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country．A strange illness killed Isaksen‟s pets，and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea．“I don‟t think it‟s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them，” says Isaksen．……Laws allo wing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing,” says Peter Schantz．Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call．Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners．We know very little about these new diseases．A newbug(病毒) may be kind at first．But it may develop into something harmful,(有害的)．Monkey-pox doesn‟t look a major infectious disease．But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person．64．We learn from Paragraph l that the pet sold at the shop may ．A．come from ColumbiaB．prevent us from being infectedC．enjoy being with childrenD．suffer from monkey-pox65．Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets?A．They attack human beings．B．We need to study native animals．C．They can‟t live out of the rain forest．D．We do not know much about them yet．66．What does the phrase “the wake-up call‟‟ in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．a new disease B．a clear warningC．a dangerous animal D．a morning call67．The text suggests that in the future we ．A．may have to fight against more new diseasesB．may easily get infected by diseases from dogsC．should not be allowed to have petsD．should stop buying pets from AfricaD （2009年全国卷）It‟s not easy being a teenager(13至19岁青少年)-nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager．You can make your child feel angry, hurt or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself．It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you‟11 still be there for him when he needs you．Expect a lot from your child，just not everything．Except for health and safety problems，such as drug use or careless driving，consider everything else open to discussion．If your child is unwilling to discuss something，don‟t insist he tell you what‟s on his mind．The more you insist，the more likely that he‟11 clam up．Instead，let him attempt to solve(解决)things by himself. At the same time，remind h im that you‟re always there for him when he seek advice or help．Show respect for your teenager‟s privacy(隐私)．Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations．Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family‟s telephone for too long，tell him he can talk for l5 minutes，but then he must stay off the phone for at least all equal period of time．This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls，but teaches your teenager moderation(节制).Or if you are open to the idea，allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job．68．The main purpose of the text is to tell parents ．A．how to get along with a teenagerB．how to respect a teenagerC．how to understand a teenagerD．how to help a teenager grow up69. What does the phrase "clam up" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. become excitedB. show respectC. refuse to talkD. seek help70. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenagerA. to use the phone in a sensible wayB. to pay for his own telephoneC. to share the phone with friendsD. to answer the phone quickly71. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?A. Not allow him to learn driving or take drugs.B. Give him advice only when necessary.C. Let him have his own telephone.D. Not talk about personal things with him.E（2009年全国卷）Sunday, October 5Clear, 69 FMy wife, Eleanor, and I took the train from Paris to Strasbourg, where we were met by our driver and guide, and the minibus which goes along with the boat. We stopped off in Barn for an hour on the way. Then we were taken to Nancy where the boat was kept.After the other passengers arrived, we had our first dinner on the boat. After dinner we walked into downtown Nancy, a village with a large square and wooden houses.Monday, October 6Rained last night, cloudy in the morning, 69 FWe spent about two hours in Nancy, then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine. Kind of a lazy day, eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner. After dinner we watched a tape on Baccarat, where we will visit tomorrow.It was pleasant to sit out on deck (甲板) and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph. Tuesday, October .7Light rain, 64 FThis morning we drove over to Baccarat and toured its museum and the church, which has this unbelievable lamp that is going on a world tour the next day. We did lots of shopping, then walked across the bridge to see a very, very modem Catholic church with special Baccarat windows.We drove to the top of the V oges Mountains and started down the eastern side. Later we drove to Sorrenbourg to see the 13th century church at the Cordeliers. It contains the largest window by Marc Chagall - 24 feet wide by 40 feet high.Wednesday, October 8Cloudy, 65 FToday we sailed from Schneckenhush to Saverne. We went through, two caves, an. extremely unusual pave of the journey. This river scenery is very different. We were in a mountain valley with grassland on one side and a forest beginning to show some color on the other.Thursday, October 9Cloudy, 66 FOur dependable minibus was waiting to load the luggage and take us to the hotel where everyone went their separate ways.Our boating days are over until next time.72. Where did the author get off the train?A. Paris.B. Strasbourg.C. Nancy.D. Barn.73. On which days did the tourists spend most of their time on the boat?A. Monday and Tuesday.B. Tuesday and Wednesday.C. Wednesday and Thursday.D. Monday and Wednesday.74. From the text, we learn that Baccarat and Sorrenbourg are the names of__A. townsB. churchesC. museumsD. mountains75. What does the author think of the tour?A. Tiring.B. Expensive.C. Enjoyable.D. Quick.。

2009考研数学一试题及答案解析

一、选择题：（1）当0x →时，()sin f x x ax =-与()()2ln 1g x x bx =-等价无穷小，则()A 11,6a b ==-.()B 11,6a b ==. ()C 11,6a b =-=-. ()D 11,6a b =-=.【解析】2()sin ,()ln(1)f x x ax g x x bx =-=-为等价无穷小，则2222()sin sin 1cos sin limlimlimlimlim()ln(1)()36x x x x x f x x ax x ax a ax a ax g x x bx x bx bxbx→→→→→---==-⋅---洛洛23sin lim166x a ax ab baxa →==-=-⋅ 36a b ∴=- 故排除,B C 。

另外21cos lim3x a ax bx→--存在，蕴含了1cos 0a ax -→()0x →故 1.a =排D 。

所以本题选A 。

（2）如图，正方形(){},1,1x y x y ≤≤被其对角线划分为四个区域()1,2,3,4k D k =，cos kk D I y xdxdy =⎰⎰，则{}14m ax kk I ≤≤=()A 1I .()B 2I .()C 3I .()D 4I .【解析】本题利用二重积分区域的对称性及被积函数的奇偶性。

24,D D 两区域关于x 轴对称，而(,)cos (,)f x y y x f x y -=-=-，即被积函数是关于y 的奇函数，所以240I I ==;13,D D 两区域关于y 轴对称，而(,)cos()cos (,)f x y y x y x f x y -=-==，即被积函数是关于x 的偶函数，所以{}1(,),012cos 0x y y x x I y xdxdy ≥≤≤=>⎰⎰；{}3(,),012cos 0x y y x x I y xdxdy ≤-≤≤=<⎰⎰.所以正确答案为A.（3）设函数()y f x =在区间[]1,3-上的图形为：则函数()()0xF x f t dt =⎰的图形为x()A ()B()C ()D【解析】此题为定积分的应用知识考核，由()y f x =的图形可见，其图像与x 轴及y 轴、0x x =所围的图形的代数面积为所求函数()F x ，从而可得出几个方面的特征： ①[]0,1x ∈时，()0F x ≤，且单调递减。

2009年高考试题——理综(全国卷1)解析版

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试二、选择题（本题共8小题，在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分）14.下列说法正确的是A. 气体对器壁的压强就是大量气体分子作用在器壁单位面积上的平均作用力B. 气体对器壁的压强就是大量气体分子单位时间作用在器壁上的平均冲量C. 气体分子热运动的平均动能减少，气体的压强一定减小D. 单位面积的气体分子数增加，气体的压强一定增大答案A【解析】本题考查气体部分的知识.根据压强的定义A 正确,B 错.气体分子热运动的平均动能减小,说明温度降低,但不能说明压强也一定减小,C 错.单位体积的气体分子增加,但温度降低有可能气体的压强减小,D 错.15. 某物体左右两侧各有一竖直放置的平面镜，两平面镜相互平行，物体距离左镜4m ，右镜8m ，如图所示，物体在左镜所成的像中从右向左数的第三个像与物体的距离是A.24mB.32mC.40mD.48m答案B【解析】本题考查平面镜成像.从右向左在左镜中的第一个像是物体的像距离物体8cm,第二个像是物体在右镜所成像的像,第3个像是第一个像在右镜中的像在左镜中的像距离物体为32cm.16.氦氖激光器能产生三种波长的激光，其中两种波长分别为1λ=0.6328µm ，2λ=3.39µm ，已知波长为1λ的激光是氖原子在能级间隔为1E ∆=1.96eV 的两个能级之间跃迁产生的。

用2E ∆表示产生波长为2λ的激光所对应的跃迁的能级间隔，则2E ∆的近似值为A.10.50eVB.0.98eVC. 0.53eVD. 0.36eV答案D【解析】本题考查波尔的原子跃迁理论.根据λυυch E ==∆,,可知当,6328.0,196m ev E μλ==∆当m μλ39.3=时,连立可知ev E 36.02=∆17.如图，一段导线abcd 位于磁感应强度大小为B 的匀强磁场中，且与磁场方向（垂直于纸面向里）垂直。

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科数学(全国卷Ⅰ)(含答案解析)

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科数学（全国卷Ⅰ）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________则集合二、填空题三、解答题（I）证明：M是侧棱SC的中点；22．设函数()3233f x x bx cx =++在两个极值点（Ⅰ）求b c 、满足的约束条件，并在下面的坐标平面内，画出满足这些条件的点区域；参考答案：设三棱柱111ABC A B C -的侧棱与底面边长为分别在1Rt A AD 和1Rt A DB V 中，由勾股定理，可知211222A B BD A D =+=，在1A AB △中，由余弦定理，得11cos 2θ+=所以异面直线AB 与1CC 所成的角的余弦值为故选：D ．8．A【分析】利用余弦函数的对称中心及给定条件列式，再经推理计算即可得解【详解】因函数y =3cos(2x +φ)的图象关于点于是得(2),6k k Z πϕπ=--∈，显然(k ϕ=而2k =时，6πϕ=-，||6πϕ=，当3k =时，所以|φ|的最小值为6π.故选：A 9．B【详解】设切点00(,)P x y ，则，又00010,12x a y x a ∴+=∴==-∴=，故答案选10．C11．D【详解】[方法一]：(1)f x +与(1)f x -都是奇函数，∴(1)(1)f x f x --=--，∴函数()f x 关于点2[1(1)]4T =--=的周期函数.(f x ∴--奇函数.故选D.[方法二]：(1)f x +与(1)f x -都是奇函数，∴(1)(1)f x f x --=--，由(1)f x ∴-+=由(1)(1)f x f x --=--，得()f x f =-进而可得()()4f x f x +=，可见(f 不成立，而D 成立的理由如下：(f【详解】设MN x =，则NC EB ==在RT MEB ∆中， MBE ∠在RT MNE ∆中由2ME NE =解得1x =，从而12MN SD =（Ⅱ）建系如图）得，又，，设分别是平面、的法向量，则且，即且分别令得，即，∴的大小．由已知有利用累差迭加即可求出数列的通项公式()知,=而,又是一个典型的错位相减法模型易得=）（（））联立方程组与，可得，所以方程由两个不等式正根由此得到解得，所以r的范围为（Ⅱ）不妨设E与M的四个交点坐标分别为设直线AC,BD的方程分别为，解得点p的坐标为设t=，由t=及（1）可知由于四边形ABCD为等腰梯形，因而其面积将代入上式，并令，得求导数，令，解得当时，，当，；当时，当且仅当时，由最大值，即四边形ABCD的面积最大，故所求的点P的坐标为（）22．（Ⅰ）（II ）证明见解析．【详解】分析（I ）这一问主要考查了二次函数根的分布及线性规划作可行域的能力．大部分考生有思路并能够得分．()2363f x x bx c =++'由题意知方程()0f x ¢=有两个根12x x 、1[10],x ∈-且，2[1,2].x ∈则有()10f '-≥，()00f '≤，()()1020f f ''≤≥，故有下图中阴影部分即是满足这些条件的点(),b c 的区域．(II)这一问考生不易得分，有一定的区分度．主要原因是含字母较多，不易找到突破口．此。

2009年高考全国卷1试题及答案(理综)

3.命中间部分：如《这里风光题，《生活因 4.命首尾部分：《有一种山市中考作文题，《是
而精彩》2006年浙江省金华市中考作文题。叫》2009年北京燕
》2006年湖北仙桃市中考作文题。
写作点拨：
标题，是文章内容的高度浓缩；标题，是文
章的眼睛，透过它可以洞悉文章的灵魂。常言道，题好一半文。从某种程度上说，拟题的优劣直接关系到文章品位的高低。写好半命题作文的关键在补题。而拟一个恰当的标题首先要审清题意
半命题作文的题目结构形式：
，让生活更美好》2009年浙江金华市中是一把双刃剑》 2005年江苏省徐州市中考作文题。》2005年湖北省黄冈中考作》2006年山东省济南市中考作文好》2009年四川眉山市中考作文
1.命前半题：如《考作文题，
《
2..命后半题：如《走近文题，《藏在心中的题。
（二）看图作文
1、先看画面内容，看图可分三步
（1）总观全图，了解画面大意，弄清图画展示的时间、地点、人物和事件四要素。
（2）分清主次，了解画面的主要内容是什么。（3）注意细节，如人物的表情、服饰、动作等。 2、认真看画中语言（画面语言、画题）。 3、看与现实生活中哪方面有联系，找准分析角度。 4、看图时贵在无所遗漏，切不可草率。草率常易看偏。
写作练习：（任选一题）
1、题目：同自己谈话要求（1）有真情实感，努力做到有创意，有创见；（2）文体不限（3）字数不少于500字 2、以“学会 ”为题写一篇不少于500字的文章。要求内容真实、思想健康、结构完整，语言通顺。诗歌外，文体不限。 3、阅读材料，按要求作文：有人问比尔盖茨：如果让你离开现在的公司，你还能创办第二个微软吗?他坚定地回答：能，但他接着补充了一句话：只要允许我带走100人…… 自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于500字的文章。

2009年高考全国卷1试题及答案(理综)

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国1卷理科综合能力测试本试卷共12页，满分300分，考试时间150分钟。

注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘巾在答题卡上指定位置。

2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔将答题卡上，对应题目的答案标号涂写，如写改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。

3. 非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字夂答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。

4. 考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

选择题共21小题，每小题6分，共126分.以下数据可供解题时参考相对原子质量（原子量）：H1 C12 O16 Na 23 S 32 K39 Cu 64一、选择题（本题共13小题。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

） 1.下列关于人类遗传病的叙述，错误．．的是 A.单基因突变可以导致遗传病B.染色体结构的改变可以导致遗传病C ．近亲婚配可增加隐形遗传病的发病风险 D.环境因素对多基因遗传病的发病无影响2.右图是某种微生物体内某一物质代谢过程的示意图。

下列有关酶活性调节的叙述，错误．．的是 A.丁物质既是酶③催化生成的产物，又是酶③的反馈抑制物 B ．戊物质通过与酶④结合导致酶④结构变化而使其活性下降 C.当丁物质和戊物质中任意一种过量时，酶①的活性都将受到抑制D ．若此代谢途径的终产物不断排出菌体外，则可消除丙物质对酶①的抑制作用3.下列关于通过发酵工程生产谷氨酸的叙述，错误．．的是 A.发酵时需不断通入无菌空气，否则会积累乳酸 B.发酵时常采用的培养基伟液体天然培养基 C ．从自然界分离的野生型菌株可直接用于生产D ．当菌体生长进入稳定期时，补充营养物可提高谷氨酸产量 4.下列关于植物体细胞杂交或植物细胞质遗传的叙述，错误．．的是 A.利用植物体细胞杂交技术可克服生殖隔离的限制，培育远缘杂种 B.不同种植物原生质体融合的过程属于植物体细胞杂交过程C ．两个不同品种的紫茉莉杂交，正交、反交所得F1的表现型一致D ．两个不同品种的紫茉莉杂交，F1的遗传物质来自母本的多于来自父本的5．已知小麦抗病对感病为显性，无芒对有芒为显性，两对性独立遗传。

2009高考英语答案详解

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(全国Ⅰ)答案详解第一卷第一部分听力【答案】1-5 C B A C A 6-10 C B A C B 11-15 C B B C C 16-20 A C A B B第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）21. 【答案】A。

【解析】考查情景交际。

从对话上文可知是回答对方的请求帮助。

No, thanks 与上文呼应。

22. 【答案】B。

【解析】考查冠词的用法go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while 固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。

23. 【答案】D。

【解析】考查系动词后跟形容词作表语。

句意为：没有眼镜她看的多么好？与戴眼镜形成对比。

24. 【答案】C。

【解析】whoever既作了to 的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。

“whoever”作代词，／any person who／the person who／“任何人”、“无论谁”、“……的人”。

25. 【答案】A。

【解析】你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。

should表示“应该，应当”。

26. 【答案】B。

【解析】句意为：他的妹妹在1998年离开家，自从那时就没有音讯了。

用现在完成时的否定结构。

27. 【答案】D。

【解析】短语动词，考查考生对词义的判断能力。

句意为：我试着给她办公室打电话，但没有打通。

get along 进展，相处。

get on 上车；get to到达；get through通过。

依据句意，选D。

28. 【答案】C。

【解析】考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。

句意为：她带着她的三个朋友，他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。

表示“部分的词语+of+关系代词”在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。

29. 【答案】A。

【解析】句意为：爱德华,你打得好。

2009年全国高考数学试题——全国卷1(理科)含答案

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科数学（必修+选修Ⅱ）本试卷分第错误！未找到引用源。

卷（选择题）和第错误！未找到引用源。

卷（非选择题）两部分．第错误！未找到引用源。

卷1至2页，第错误！未找到引用源。

卷3至4页．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．第Ⅰ卷考生注意：1．答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、填写清楚，并贴好条形码．请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目．2．每小题选出答案后，用2Ｂ铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号．在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．．3．本卷共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．参考公式：如果事件A B ，互斥，那么球的表面积公式()()()P A B P A P B +=+24πS R =如果事件A B ，相互独立，那么其中R 表示球的半径()()()P A B P A P B =球的体积公式如果事件A 在一次试验中发生的概率是P ，那么 34π3V R =n 次独立重复试验中恰好发生k 次的概率其中R 表示球的半径()(1)(01,2)kkn kn n P k C P P k n -=-= ，，，一、选择题(1)设集合A=｛4，5，7，9｝，B=｛3，4，7，8，9｝，全集U=A B ，则集合[u （A B ）中的元素共有（A ）3个（B ）4个（C ）5个（D ）6个（2）已知1iZ ＋=2+I,则复数z=（A ）-1+3i (B)1-3i (C)3+I (D)3-i (3) 不等式11X X +-＜1的解集为（A ）｛x }{}011x x x 〈〈〉 (B){}01x x 〈〈 （C ）{}10x x -〈〈 (D){}0x x 〈(4)设双曲线22221x y ab-=（a ＞0,b ＞0）的渐近线与抛物线y=x 2+1相切，则该双曲线的离心率等于（A （B ）2 （C （D(5) 甲组有5名同学，3名女同学；乙组有6名男同学、2名女同学。

2009考研英语(一)真题及答案解析

2009考研英语（一）真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning —a gradual 7 —instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,”William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit”carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,”says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind”and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’”She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,”explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...”and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.”ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore –and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,”says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’tconstrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ”According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influencein England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.”One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,”in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1) give your opinions briefly and2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use"Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Section I Use of English答案解析：1. B.本题考查动词，后面的宾语是“the fruit-fly experiments described…”，suppose表示“假设”，observe表示“观察”，image表示“想象”，Consider“考虑”，代入文中表示“考虑已经被描述出来的实验”，符合语境。

2009年高考全国卷1数学试题答案(理数)

小星星少年宫羽毛球活动（中年级）计划（2011～2012学年第二学期）一、学生情况分析：本班有人。

每个学生的程度各不相同。

有的功底较好，有的刚进入训练学习，什么都不会。

因此得因材施教，分组指导训练。

二、本期训练目标：（一）学习正、反手握拍技术要点，挥拍动作，练习高球，基本步法等。

（二）在纠正个别明显错误的基础上，以提高击球落点准确性为主，加强基本技术的综合训练，提高训练难度。

在掌握一般战术基础上，结合个人技术特点进行综合球路练习，强化攻弱点，压底线等基本战术意识。

（三）发展全面身体素质，适当增加专项身体素质训练。

（四）组织参加各种比赛游戏。

三、训练内容：3月：（一）学习正、反手握拍技术要点 (正确的握拍是先用左手拿住拍的腰杆，使拍面与地面垂直，然后右手虎口对准拍面侧面内沿，以握手式握住拍柄，小指、无名指和中指并握，食指稍分开，大拇指与中指相近，拍柄端约与小鱼际肌齐。

掌握正确的握拍方法，是打好羽毛球的第一步。

因为只有正确的握拍，才能在击球时充分发挥手指和手腕的作用。

（二）学习挥拍动作（正确的挥拍动作，可以使你的充分发挥自己的潜能和节省体力减少伤病。

）（三）练习高球(高远球是羽毛球基本技术中的基本功)高远球的挥拍动作，可以分为四个分解环节动作：1．提举引拍：持拍手臂一侧身体，由下肢开始，向后转体侧身，同时将球拍从身体的中下侧向持拍手臂一侧的肩膀后上方举起，身体与大臂、大臂与小臂成直角（或略小于直角）。

拍面尽量与球网平行。

虚握球拍！目的——举起球拍准备击球！2．蹬转体引拍：持拍一侧从脚下发力，向前进行蹬转带动身体同时前转，肩部带动大臂快速向前摆动，肘部尽量向上、并靠近头的侧部，小臂和球拍向后放松自然下垂。

半虚握球拍！目的——集中身体力量！3．引拍发力：小臂发力向肩膀上方快速挥出，在肩膀的正上方停住，小臂内旋同时完全握紧球拍。

目的——击球！4、将球拍顺势自然向身体的另一侧收拍。

目的：化解击球后的剩余力量，保护关节不受伤害！四月：（一）复习握拍技术下半年九月：一、复习挥拍动作二、练习基本步法（左右步法）三、发球练习四、基本手法练习（挑球、吊球）吊球技术：1、正手吊球技术2、头顶吊球技术3、反手吊球技术十月：一、复习挥拍动作二、练习步法（上网步法）三、基本手法练习（挑球、吊球）十一月：一、复习挥拍动作二、练习步法（上网步法，全场步法）三、基本手法练习（挑球、吊球、网前球）四、双打比赛练习十二月：一、复习挥拍动作二、练习步法（上网步法，全场步法）三、基本手法练习（挑球、吊球、网前球、杀球）四、双打比赛练习备注：学习羽毛球的主要分为三个阶段：第一阶段初级技术入门握拍、挥拍、前后场初级技术、后场到前场、后场到前场的初级步法。

2009年高考全国卷1试题和答案(理综)

你还能创办第二个微软吗?他坚定地回答：能，但他接
着补充了一句话：只要允许我带走100人……
自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于500字的文章。
5、引述材料要巧妙，最好作文里要巧妙体现材料的内容或影子，但“引材料”时切忌大段抄写。
话题作文与看图作文
考点指要
（一）话题作文 1、要做到大范围小切入。即要以话题为定点向四面八方发散，多方位多角度的思考，最终应从一个点切入。 2、要善于化大为小，以小见大，从小的方面着笔表现深刻的内容和主题。 3、文体不限，但最终要确定一种文体，按选定文体的要求来写。 4、拟题时可在所给话题前面或后面加上适当的词语。
而精彩》2006年浙江省金华市中考作文题。
4.命首尾部分：《有一种
叫
山市中考作文题，
》2009年北京燕
《
是
》2006年湖北仙桃市中考作文题。
写作点拨：
标题，是文章内容的高度浓缩；标题，是文章的眼睛，透过它可以洞悉文章的灵魂。常言道，题好一半文。从某种程度上说，拟题的优劣直接关系到文章品位的高低。写好半命题作文的关键在补题。而拟一个恰当的标题首先要审清题意
如，“《
的背后》”(2006年湖北仙桃市中考作文题).
有考生运用组合的方法.以“《2>5的背后》”为题，对学校教育和家庭教育的结合提出了自己的见解.令人拍案叫绝。
半命题作文在选材、立意上的自由度一般都比较大，写好此类作文的第一步在于补充完整一个恰当的题目。补题时，先进行选材上的思考，然后根据所选材料拟定完整的题目。此后的构思写作，同于“命题作文”。
写命题作文要注意，一是审题上要抓住关键词语。如2001年天津市中考作文题：“我的另一片天地”， “我的”说明要选自己经历过的事；“另一片”说明要选你的日常学习以外的事。这里“另一片”即为关键词语。二是选材上要注意“以小见大”，平中寓新、寓奇。中学生的经历有限，一般都比较单纯，因而写作文时要尽量选取对自己有所启发、有所教育的材料。

2009考研英语一阅读答案

2009考研英语一阅读答案在2009年的考研英语一考试中，阅读理解部分考查了考生的综合英语能力，包括对文章主旨的把握、细节信息的理解和推理判断的能力。

通过分析当年的真题，我们可以发现阅读部分主要涉及了以下几个方面的内容。

首先，文章的主旨大意是考生需要首先把握的。

在2009年的考试中，阅读理解的文章涵盖了多个领域，如社会现象、科学研究、历史事件等。

考生需要通过快速浏览文章，抓住文章的中心思想，这对于理解文章的深层含义至关重要。

其次，细节理解是阅读理解中的一个重要环节。

考生需要仔细阅读文章，对文章中的具体信息进行分析和理解。

这包括对事实的准确把握、对数据的解读以及对作者观点的准确理解。

在2009年的考试中，细节理解题占据了相当大的比例，因此考生需要对文章中的每一个细节都给予足够的重视。

再者，推理判断是阅读理解中最具挑战性的部分。

考生需要在理解文章的基础上，对文章中未明确表述的信息进行推理和判断。

这不仅要求考生具备较强的逻辑推理能力，还要求考生能够准确把握作者的写作意图和文章的深层含义。

在2009年的考试中，推理判断题的出现频率较高，因此考生需要在备考过程中加强对这一能力的培养。

最后，词汇和语法的掌握也是阅读理解中不可忽视的部分。

文章中可能会出现一些生僻词汇和复杂句型，考生需要具备一定的词汇量和语法知识，才能准确理解文章的意思。

在2009年的考试中，对词汇和语法的考查也占据了一定的比重，因此考生在备考时需要加强对这些基础知识的学习。

综上所述，2009年考研英语一的阅读理解部分考查了考生的多方面能力，包括对文章主旨的把握、细节信息的理解、推理判断的能力以及词汇和语法的掌握。

考生在备考过程中需要全面提高这些能力，才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。

2009年高考英语试卷全国卷Ⅰ含解析版

2009年全国统一高考英语试卷（全国卷I）第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．例: We last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study答案是C.21. --- It looks heavy. Can I give you a hand？--- .A. No, thanksB. Yes, my pleasureC. No, never mindD. Yes, I do22. Let’s go to cinema---that’ll take your mind off the problem for While.A. the; theB. the; aC. a; theD. a; a23. How much _____ she looked without her glasses!A. wellB. goodC. bestD. better24. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please？A. whoB. whatC. whoeverD. whatever25. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets？There be twelve.A. mustB. canC. willD. should26. His sister left home in 2010, and ____ since.A. had not been heard ofB. has not been heard ofC. had not heard ofD. has not heard of27. I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t________.A. get alongB. get onC. get toD. get through28. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. themB. theseC. whoD. whom29. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.A. didn’t knowB. hadn’t knownC. don’t knowD. haven’t known30. The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look at31. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _____, but students became more interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers’ energyB. was teachers’ energy savedC. teachers’ energy was savedD. was saved teachers’ energy32. Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.A. drawB. strikeC. rushD. push33. One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health.A. whatB. thisC. thatD. which34. Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story.A. ofB. withoutC. beyondD. in35. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions?A. takingB. takeC. takenD. to take第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．The True Story of Treasure IslandIt was always thought that Treasure Island was the product of Robert Louis Stevenson’s imagination 36 , recent research has found the true story of this exciting work.Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived 37 for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a 38 . With him were his American wife Fanny and his son 39 .Each morning Stevenson would take them out for a long 40 over the hills. They had been 41 this for several days before the weather suddenly took a turn for the worse. Kept indoors by the heavy rain Lloyd felt the days 42 . To keep the boy happy, Robert asked the boy to do some 43 .One morning, the boy came to Robert with a beautiful map of an island. Robert44 that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of　45 . “What’s that?” he asked. “That’s the 46 treasure,” said the boy. Robert suddenly 47 somethingof an adventure story in the boy’s 48 . While the rain was pouring, Robert sat down by the fire to write a story. He would make the 49 a twelve-year-old boy, just like Lloyd. But who would be the pirate（海盗）?Robert had a good friend named Henley, who walked around with the 50 ofa wooden leg. Robert had always wanted to　51 such a man in a story. 52 Long John Silver, the pirate with a wooden leg, was 53 .So thanks to a 54 September in Scotland, a friend with a wooden leg, andthe imagination of a twelve-year-old boy, we have one of the greatest　55 stories in the English language.36. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Finally37. A. alone B. next door C. at home D. abroad38. A. meeting B. story C. holiday D. jib39. A. Lloyd B. Robert C. Henley D. John40. A. talk B. rest C. walk D. game41. A. attempting B. missing C. planning D. enjoying42. A. quiet B. dull C. busy D. cold43. A. cleaning B. writing C. drawing D. exercising44. A. doubted B. noticed C. decided D. recognized45. A. the sea B. the house C. Scotland D. the island46. A. forgotten B. buried C. discovered D. unexpected47. A. saw B. drew C. made D. learned48. A. book B. reply C. picture D. mind49. A. star B. hero C. writer D. child50. A. help B. problem C. use D. bottom51. A. praise B. produce C. include D. accept52. A. Yet B. Also C. But D. Thus53. A. read B. born C. hired D. written54. A. rainy B. sunny C. cool D. windy55. A. news B. love C. real-life D. adventure第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．AI suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened. Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong and ran down to the edge of the near bank. There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf struggling in the fast-rising water, and it was a life-and-death struggle. Her calf was floating and screaming with fear. Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get, holding her whole body against the rushing water, and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body. Every now and then the rushing water would sweep the calf away.There was a sudden rise in the water and the calf was washed clean over the mother’s body and was gone. Ma Shwe turned quickly to reach it and pressed the calf with her head and trunk（象鼻）against the rocky bank. Then with a huge effort, she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock.Just at this moment she fell back into the river. If she were carried down, it would be certain death. I knew, as well as she did, that there was one spot（地点）where she could get up the bank, but it was on the other side from where she had put her calf.While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mother’s love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring（吼叫）all the time, but to her calf it was music. 56. The moment the author got down to the river bank he saw .A. the calf was about to fall into the riverB. Ma Shwe was placing the calf on the rockC. the calf was washed away by the rising waterD. Ma Shwe was holding the calf against the rushing water57. How did Ma Shwe manage to save her calf from the fast-flowing water? A. By putting it on a safe spot.B. By pressing it against her body.C. By taking it away with her.D. By carrying it on her back.58. How did the calf feel about the mother elephant’s roaring? A. It was a great comfort.B. It was a sign of danger.C. It was a call for help.D. It was a musical note.59. What can be the best title for the text? A. A Mother’s LoveB. A Brave ActC. A Deadly RiverD. A Matter of Life and DeathBComputer programmer David Jones earns $35.000 a year designing new computer games, yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card（信用卡）. Instead, he has been told to wait another two years, until he is 18. The 16-year-old works for a small firm in Liverpool, where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job. David’s firm releases（推出）two new games for the fast growing computer market each month.But David’s biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot, he cannot drive a car, take out a mortgage（抵押贷款）, or get credit cards. David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago, a year after leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. “I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs,” he said. David spends some of his money on records and clothes, and gives his mother 50 pounds a week. But most of his spare time is spent working.“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school,” he said. “But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knewwhat I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school. Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway.” David added: “I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement（退休）is a possibility. You never know when the market might disappear.”60. In what way is David different from people of his age? A. He often goes out with friends.B. He lives with his mother.C. He has a handsome income.D. He graduated with six O-levels.61. What is one of the problems that David is facing now? A. He is too young to get a credit card.B. He has no time to learn driving.C. He has very little spare time.D. He will soon lose his job.62. Why was David able to get the job in the company? A. He had done well in all his exams.B. He had written some computer programs.C. He was good at playing computer games.D. He had learnt to use computers at school.63. Why did David decide to leave school and start working? A. He received lots of job offers.B. He was eager to help his mother.C. He lost interest in school studies.D. He wanted to earn his own living.CWe have met the enemy, and he is ours. We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest, it’s hard not to wonder of the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. “Most of the infections（感染）we think of as human infections started in other animals,” says Stephen Morse, director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.It’s not just that we’re going to where the animals are; we’re also bringing them closer to us. Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country. A strange illness killed Isaksen’s pets, and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea. “I don’t think it’s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limitedknowledge of them,” says Isaksen.“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing,” says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases. A new bug（病毒）may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful（有害的）. Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.64. We learn from Paragraph 1 that the per sold at the shop may .A. come from ColumbiaB. prevent us from being infectedC. enjoy being with childrenD. suffer from monkey-pox65. Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets? A. They attack human beings.B. We need to study native animals.C. They can’t live out of the rain forest.D. We do not know much about them yet.66. What does she phrase “the wake-up call” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. a new diseaseB. a clear warningC. a dangerous animalD. a morning call67. The text suggests that in the future we .A. may have to fight against more new diseasesB. may easily get infected by diseases from dogsC. should not be allowed to have petsD. should stop buying pests from AfricaDIt’s not easy being a teenager（13至19岁青少年）--- nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the spacehe needs to grow while gently letting him know that you you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving; consider everything else open todiscussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up. Instead, let him attempt to solve（解决）things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy（隐私）. Never read him his mail or listen in on personal conversions.Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation（节制）. Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job.68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents .A. how to get along with a teenagerB. how to respect a teenagerC. how to understand a teenagerD. how to help a teenager grow up69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. become excitedB. show respectC. refuse to talkD. seek help70. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenager .A. to use the phone in a sensible wayB. to pay for his own telephoneC. to share the phone quicklyD. to answer the phone quickly71. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text? A. Nor allow him to learn driving or take drugs.B. Give him advice only when necessary.C. Let him have his own telephone.D. Not talk about personal things with him.ESunday, October 5Clear, 69°FMy wife, Eleanor, and I took the train from Paris to Strasbourg, where we weremet by our driver and guide. And the minibus which goes along with the boat. We stopped off in Barn for an hour on the way. Then we were taken to Nancy where the boat was kept.After the other passengers arrived, we had our first dinner on the boat. After dinner we walked into downtown Nancy, a village with a large square and wooden houses.Monday, October 5Rained last night, cloudy in the morning, 69°FWe spent about two hours in Nancy, then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine. Kind of a lazy day. Eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner, after dinner we watched a tape on Baccarat. Where we will visit tomorrow.It was pleasant to sit out on deck（甲板）and watch the scenery go by at about 3mph.Monday, October 7Light rain, 64°FThis mourning we drove over to Baccarat and toured its museum and the church, which has this unbelievable lamp that is going on a world tour the next day. We did lots of shopping, then walked across the bridge to see a very, very modern Catholic church with special Baccarat windows.We drove to the top of the Voges Mountains and started down the eastern side. Later we drove to Sorrenbourg to see the 13th century church at the Cordeliers. It contains the largest window by Marc Chagall --- 24 feet wide by 40 feet high.Wednesday, Ocrober 8Cloudy, 65°FToday we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. We were in a mountain valley with grassland on one side and a forest beginning to showsome color on the other.Thursday, Ocrober9Cloudy, 66°FOur dependable minibus was waiting to load the luggage and take us to the hotel where everyone went their separate ways. Our boating days are over until next time.72. Where did the author get off the train? A. Paris.B. Strasbourg.C. Nancy.D. Barn.73. On which days did the tourists spend most of their time on the boat? A. Monday and Tuesday.B. Tuesday and Wednesday.C. Wednesday and Thursday.D. Monday and Wednesday.74. From the text, we learn that Baccarat and Sorrenbourg are the names of .A. townsB. churchesC. museumsD. mountains75. What does the author think of the tour? A. Tiring.B. Expensive.C. Enjoyable.D. Quick.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）（注意：在试题卷上作答无效）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）此题要求改正所有短文中的错误．对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉．此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词．此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词．注意：原行没有错的不要改．After five years away in my hometown, I find that 76. the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed 77. a lot. The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop 78. across the street from our middle school were gone. 79. There exist now a park that has a small river running 80. through. The factory at the corner of Friendship Street and 81. Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city, and sports 82. center has been built in their place. The market at the corner of 83. Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to 84. a supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle 85. school is still there.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住在一户英国人家里．今天你的房东Mrs. Wilson 不在家，你准备外出，请给Mrs. wilson写一留言条，内容包括：1．和朋友一起外出购物；2．替房东到图书馆还书；3．Tracy来电话留言：1）咖啡屋（Bolton Coffee）见面取消；2）此事已告知Susan；3）尽快回电．注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．Mrs. Wilson,Yours trulyLi Hua2009年全国统一高考英语试卷（全国卷I）参考答案与试题解析第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．例: We last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study答案是C.21. --- It looks heavy. Can I give you a hand？--- .A. No, thanksB. Yes, my pleasureC. No, never mindD. Yes, I do【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】﹣﹣它看起来很重，我来帮帮你吧？﹣﹣不用了，谢谢．【解答】答案：A．考查交际语言的使用，No, thanks用来回答对方的请求帮助，my pleasure是帮助别人的人说的，而不是回答对方的请求，never mind "别放在心上"，Yes, I do用来回答由助动词do引导的一般疑问句，故答案为A．【点评】考查交际语言的使用，应联系前后句子的语境，对答案进行确定．　22. Let’s go to cinema---that’ll take your mind off the problem for While.A. the; theB. the; aC. a; theD. a; a【考点】44：冠词的用法辨析．【分析】我们去看电影吧，这样会使你的头脑暂时不想这个问题．【解答】答案：B．go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while 固定搭配，表示"一会儿"．故选：B．【点评】本题考查冠词，先明确定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，再结合句意和一些特殊用法选择适当答案．23. How much _____ she looked without her glasses!A. wellB. goodC. bestD. better【考点】61：形容词的比较级与最高级．【分析】不戴眼镜，她看起来更好看了！【解答】答案：D．分析句意可知，此处表示两者的比较，即将她戴眼镜与不戴眼镜时的相貌之间进行的比较，因此应使用形容词good的比较级；故选D．【点评】本题考查了形容词的比较级的用法；做类似的题时，首先应根据句意判断出比较的范围（即：表示两者还是三者以及三者以上的比较），来确定是使用比较级还是最高级；其次，还应掌握形容词比较级的变化规则及其意义用法．　24. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please？A. whoB. whatC. whoeverD. whatever【考点】HA：介词的宾语从句．【分析】请找任何负责国际销售的人接电话好吗？【解答】答案为C．本题考查名词性从句中引导词的运用．根据"speak to sb.（与某人讲话）"判断空格处需要的是"人"，排除B和D；whoever表示"任何人"，相当于"anyone who"，不表示疑问；而who表示疑问；根据语境判断，说话人要找"任何负责的人"，不表示疑问，故选C．【点评】名词性从句考查的关键是连接词的选用和语序，因此，我们首先要搞清从句的性质，掌握各连接词的用法，在此基础上判断．此外，关注名词性从句用陈述语序．25. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets？There be twelve.A. mustB. canC. willD. should【考点】A6：情态动词．【分析】你什么意思，只有十张票？应该有十二张的．【解答】答案：D．must一定，can可能，will会，should应该；句意表达的是对事实的怀疑和惊讶，should有这种含义，其它选项没有这样的用法．故选D．【点评】情态动词的用法是英语中常考的语言点．通常考查的方式有虚拟和推测，本题考查的是情态动词的特殊含义．学习时要注意积累．26. His sister left home in 2010, and ____ since.A. had not been heard ofB. has not been heard ofC. had not heard ofD. has not heard of【考点】E8：现在完成时．【分析】他的妹妹在2010年离开家，自从那时就没有音讯了．【解答】答案为B．根据句意可知，sister与hear of之间是被动关系，since后其实要省略了时间点2010，由此可知，要用现在完成时．故选B．【点评】考查现在完成时被动语态，结构是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即"have+been+动词过去分词"．since的四种用法1）since+过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980，last month，half past six）．例如：I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿．2）since+一段时间+ago．例如：I have been here since five months ago．我在这儿，已经有五个月了．3）since+从句．例如：Great changes have taken place since you left．你走后，变化可大了．4）It is+一段时间+since从句．例如：It is two years since I became a postgraduate student．我考上研究生有两年了27. I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t________.A. get alongB. get onC. get toD. get through【考点】A9：动词短语．【分析】我试着打她办公室的电话，但没有接通．【解答】答案D．考查词组的意义．前句意思是"我试着打她办公室的电话"，根据后面的转折词语but告诉我们，这个电话没有"打通"．get through表示"打通"电话，与某人通电话则是get through to sb，其它短语无此意．get along与某人相处，get on上车，上马，进展．get to到达．【点评】考查短语的题，熟记短语的意思，将选项分别代入题干进行选择．　28. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. themB. theseC. whoD. whom【考点】H2：非限制性定语从句．【分析】她带来了三个朋友，我以前一个都没见过．【解答】答案；D．句中none of I had ever met before修饰名词friends，是一个非限制性定语从句；关系词指代先行词friends，且在从句中作介词of的宾语，要用whom来引导．故选D．【点评】定语从句是用来修饰名词的形容词性从句，相当于一个形容词．连接定语从句的引导词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在从句中要作主语或宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语．这也是选择关系词的一个判断方法．　29. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.A. didn’t knowB. hadn’t knownC. don’t knowD. haven’t known【考点】E2：一般过去时．【分析】Edward，你弹的太好了．可我都不知道你会弹钢琴．【解答】A．根据句意可知，说话者是"过去"不知道，现在已经知道了，因此句子用一般过去时．【点评】本题考查时态．做时态题时，首先要看句子的时间状语，如果没有时间状语，就从句子暗含的意思来确定句子的时态．30. The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look at【考点】BA：不定式．【分析】当那位著名的女演员走进了教室，所有的孩子都转过头去看她．【解答】答案：B．转过头去看turn to在这里是不定式表示目的，转过头（为的是）看一眼那个女演员．故正确答案为B．【点评】本题考查不定式的用法，属于语法知识，这就要求学生平时注意掌握积累语言基础知识．31. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only_____, but studentsbecame more interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers’ energyB. was teachers’ energy savedC. teachers’ energy was savedD. was saved teachers’ energy【考点】GB：倒装句．【分析】电脑用于教学，结果不但节省了老师的精力，而且学生也对上课更感兴趣了．【解答】答案：B题干中not only位于句首，句子要部分倒装；倒装时，将助动词，系动词或情态动词提前，句中有系动词was，将其提到主语前即可．故选B ．【点评】倒装句是常用的特殊句式之一．分为完全倒装和部分倒装．部分倒装又分为：否定副词位于句首，only加状语提前，句式倒装等．内容较多，学习时要注意掌握．32. Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.A. drawB. strikeC. rushD. push【考点】AE：动词的辨析．【分析】鼓励您的孩子尝试新事物，但不要太过逼迫他们．【解答】答案：D．A：draw拉，拖；B：strike敲打，罢工；C：rush冲，突袭；D：push对…施加压力，逼迫根据题干中"encourage your children to try new things"鼓励孩子尝试新事物，下一句"but try not to"表转折，可推断出尽管要鼓励孩子，但不要逼迫他们，故D选项正确．【点评】本题考查动词的词义辨析，根据对动词词义的理解并结合句意，可选出正确选项．33. One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health.A. whatB. thisC. thatD. which【考点】55：指示代词．【分析】他们必须考虑的问题之一是公众的健康问题．【解答】答案：C．句中was后接的是名词短语，不是从句，不能用连词，可排除A和D；句意指代的是前面的one question，且后接介词of，要用that来指代，相当于the one．故选C．【点评】指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词．指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样，都具有指定的含义，用来起指示作用或用来代替前面已提到过的名词．指示代词分单数（this/that）和复数（these/those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词．34. Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story.A. ofB. withoutC. beyondD. in【考点】8C：介词．【分析】听完这个感人的故事后每个人都感动得说不出话．【解答】答案是C．本题主要考查介词辨析．of关于；属于…的；without没有；beyond 在远处；超出或迟于（某时间）；无法（理解或相信）等；in 在…里面；在某一段时间内；用…语言等；在…方面；根据句意和介词搭配判断，用beyond 表示"无法…"，beyond words表示"无法用语言表达"，所以答案选择C．【点评】介词辨析要在掌握各介词的基本用法和固定搭配的基础上结合语境做出符合逻辑、常理的推测．35. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions?A. takingB. takeC. takenD. to take【考点】HP：with的复合结构．【分析】既然我们已经讨论了我们的问题，人们对做出的决定满意吗？【解答】答案：C．考查非谓语动词．句中包含with的复合结构，with+宾语+宾语补足语，这里的decisions是take的宾语，具有动宾关系，因此用过去分词，作后置定语，故答案为C．【点评】考查非谓语形式，应判断其与主语是主动还是被动的关系，再确定答案．第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．The True Story of Treasure IslandIt was always thought that Treasure Island was the product of Robert Louis Stevenson’s imagination 36 , recent research has found the true story of this exciting work.Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived 37 for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a 38 . With him were his American wife Fanny and his son 39 .Each morning Stevenson would take them out for a long 40 over the hills. They had been 41 this for several days before the weather suddenly took a turnfor the worse. Kept indoors by the heavy rain Lloyd felt the days 42 . To keep the boy happy, Robert asked the boy to do some 43 .One morning, the boy came to Robert with a beautiful map of an island. Robert44 that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of　45 . “What’s that?” he asked. “That’s the 46 treasure,” said the boy. Robert suddenly 47 somethingof an adventure story in the boy’s 48 . While the rain was pouring, Robert sat down by the fire to write a story. He would make the 49 a twelve-year-old boy, just like Lloyd. But who would be the pirate（海盗）?Robert had a good friend named Henley, who walked around with the 50 ofa wooden leg. Robert had always wanted to　51 such a man in a story. 52 Long John Silver, the pirate with a wooden leg, was 53 .So thanks to a 54 September in Scotland, a friend with a wooden leg, andthe imagination of a twelve-year-old boy, we have one of the greatest　55 stories in the English language.36. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Finally37. A. alone B. next door C. at home D. abroad38. A. meeting B. story C. holiday D. jib39. A. Lloyd B. Robert C. Henley D. John40. A. talk B. rest C. walk D. game41. A. attempting B. missing C. planning D. enjoying42. A. quiet B. dull C. busy D. cold43. A. cleaning B. writing C. drawing D. exercising44. A. doubted B. noticed C. decided D. recognized45. A. the sea B. the house C. Scotland D. the island46. A. forgotten B. buried C. discovered D. unexpected47. A. saw B. drew C. made D. learned48. A. book B. reply C. picture D. mind49. A. star B. hero C. writer D. child50. A. help B. problem C. use D. bottom51. A. praise B. produce C. include D. accept52. A. Yet B. Also C. But D. Thus53. A. read B. born C. hired D. written54. A. rainy B. sunny C. cool D. windy55. A. news B. love C. real-life D. adventure 【考点】MF：故事类阅读．【分析】人们认为《金银岛》一书是史蒂文森凭空想象出来的，然而最近的研究表明这部作品出笼的细节．史蒂文森旅居国外多年，在1881年，他从美国携带妻子和儿子回国度假．由于天气一直下雨，他们呆在宾馆．为了让儿子高兴，他就让儿子作画来．一天早上，儿子拿着一张画有岛屿的画作来找父亲，他在岛中画了一个十字符号，说是那里有埋藏的珍宝．于是，一部用英语写成的伟大的探险小说在史蒂文森的笔下完成了．【解答】36-40 ADCAC 41-45 DBCBD 46-50 BACBA 51-55 CDBAD 36．A 考查副词辨析．However意思"然而"，Therefore意思"因此"，Besides意思"另外"，Finally意思"最后"，句子意思"然而，最近研究发现这个令人兴奋的工作的真实故事"，所以选A37．D考查上下文联系．由后面的句子in 1881 he returned to Scotland，可知他住在国外好几年，所以选D38．C考查名词辨析．根据单词意思，meeting意思"会议"，story意思"故事"，holiday意思"度假"，jib意思"挺杆"，句子意思"他返回到新西兰来度假"，可知选C39．A考查上下文联系．由第三段的第三行Lloyd felt the days…，可知他儿子的名字，所以选A40．C考查名词辨析．talk意思"谈论"，rest意思"休息"，walk意思"散步"，game 意思"游戏"，句子意思"每天早晨，史蒂文森带着他们在山上散步很长时间"，所以选C41．D考查动词辨析．attempting意思"企图"，missing意思"丢失"，planning意思"计划"，enjoying意思"过得快活"，句子意思"在天气突然恶化之前，它们一直玩得很快乐"，所以选D42．B考查形容词辨析．根据单词意思，quiet意思"安静的"，dull意思"无聊的"，cold意思"冷的"，busy意思"忙"，句子意思"劳埃德感到这几天很无聊"，可知选B 43．C考查动词辨析．cleaning意思"打扫"，writing意思"写作"，drawing意思"画画"，exercising意思"运动"，句子意思"为了让这个男孩高兴，罗伯特让这个男孩画画"，所以选C44．B考查动词辨析．doubted意思"怀疑"，noticed意思"注意"，decided意思"决定"，recognized意思"认出"，句子意思"罗伯特注意那个男孩在地图的中间画了一个大的十字架"，所以选B45．D考查名词辨析．由前面的句子One morning，the boy came to Robert with a beautiful map of an island，可以知道是地图，所以选D46．B考查动词辨析．根据单词意思，forgotten意思"忘记"，buried意思"埋藏"，discovered意思"发现"，unexpected意思"不期望"，句子意思"那个男孩说：那是宝藏"，可知选B47．A考查动词辨析．saw意思"看见"，drew意思"绘画"，made意思"制造"，learned 意思"学习"，句子意思"罗伯特突然在男孩的画里看到一些探险的故事"，可知选A。

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NO.1 质点运动学和牛顿定律
班级姓名学号成绩
一、选择
1. 对于沿曲线运动的物体，以下几种说法中哪种是正确的： [ B ] (A) 切向加速度必不为零． (B) 法向加速度必不为零（拐点处除外）． (C) 由于速度沿切线方向，法向分速度必为零，因此法向加速度必为零． (D) 若物体作匀速率运动，其总加速度必为零．
(E) 若物体的加速度a
为恒矢量，它一定作匀变速率运动．
2．一质点作一般曲线运动，其瞬时速度为V ，瞬时速率为V ，某一段时间内的平均速度为V
，平均速率为V ，
它门之间的关系为：[ D ]
（A ）∣V ∣=V ，∣V ∣=V ；（B ）∣V ∣≠V ，∣V
∣=V ；（C ）∣V
∣≠V ，∣V ∣≠V ；（D ）∣V ∣=V ，∣V
∣≠V .
3.质点作曲线运动，r 表示位置矢量，v 表示速度，a
表示加速度，S 表示路程，a τ表示切向加速度，下列表达式中， [ D ]
(1) d /d t a τ=v ， (2) v =t r d /d ， (3) v =t S d /d ， (4) d /d t a τ=v ．
(A) 只有(1)、(4)是对的． (B) 只有(2)、(4)是对的．
(C) 只有(2)是对的． (D) 只有（1）、(3)是对的．（备注：经过讨论认为（1）是对的）
4.某物体的运动规律为t k t 2
d /d v v -=，式中的k 为大于零的常量．当0=t 时，初速为0v ，则速度v 与时
间t 的函数关系是 [ C ]
(A) 0221v v +=
kt , (B) 0221
v v +-=kt , (C) 02121v v +=kt , (D) 0
2121v v +
-=kt 5.质点作半径为R 的变速圆周运动时的加速度大小为(v 表示任一时刻质点的速率) [ D ]
(A) t d d v ．(B) 2
v R ． (C) R t 2
d d v
v +．(D) 2
/1242d d ⎥⎥⎦
⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛R t v v ．
6．质点沿x 方向运动，其加速度随位置的变化关系为：a=3
1
+3x 2. 如在x=0处，速度v 0=5m.s -1，则在x=3m
处的速度为：[ A ]
（A ）9 m.s -1；（B ）8 m.s -1；（C ）7.8 m.s -1；（D ）7.2 m.s -1 .
7.如图所示，假设物体沿着竖直面上圆弧形轨道下滑，轨道是光滑的，在从A 至C 的下滑过程中，下面哪个说法是正确的？[ E ]
(A) 它的加速度大小不变，方向永远指向圆心． (B) 它的速率均匀增加．
(C) 它的合外力大小变化，方向永远指向圆心． (D) 它的合外力大小不变．
(E) 轨道支持力的大小不断增加．
8．物体作圆周运动时，正确的说法是：[ C ] （A ）加速度的方向一定指向圆心；
（B ）匀速率圆周运动的速度和加速度都恒定不变；（C ）必定有加速度，且法向分量一定不为零；
（D ）速度方向一定在轨道的切线方向，法向分速度为零，所以法向加速度一定为零；
A
9．以下五种运动形式，a 保持不变的运动是 [ E ] （A ）单摆的运动；（B ）匀速圆周运动；（C ）圆锥摆运动；（D ）行星的椭圆轨道运动；（E ）抛体运动；二、填空
1．已知一质点在Oxy 平面内运动，其运动学方程为22(192)r ti t j =++；r 的单位为m ，t 的单位为s ，则位矢的大小r
=
v =24i t j +，加速度a =4(/)j m s 。

2．质点在平面上运动，若
0dr dt =，0dr dt ≠，则质点作圆周运动；若0dv dt =，0dv dt
≠，则质点作匀速率曲线运动；若
0da dt =，0da
dt
≠，则质点作变速曲线运动。

3．质点作圆周运动，轨道半径R=0.2m ，以角量表示的运动方程为θ=10πt+
2
1πt 2
. 则第3秒末的角加速度为 2(/)rad s π
，加速度的大小为2333.6/m s = .
4.质点沿半径为R 的圆周运动，运动学方程为 2
23t +=θ (SI) ，则ｔ时刻质点的法向加速度大小为a n =2
16Rt ；角加速度β=24/rad s ．
5.一质点从静止出发，沿半径R =3 m 的圆周运动．切向加速度a τ=3 m/s 2保持不变，当总加速度与半径成角45 o 时，所经过的时间=t __1秒___，在上述时间内质点经过的路程S =1.5m ． 6．一物体作如图所示的斜抛运动，测得在轨道A 点的速度的大小为v ，其方向与水平方向夹角为30°，则A 点的轨道的曲率半径ρ
=
222v v = .（重力加速度为g ）
7．半径为0.3m 的飞轮，从静止开始以0.5 rad.s -2的匀角加速度转动，
则飞轮边缘上一点转过240°时的切向加速度a τ= 2
0.15/m s ，法向加速度a n = 20.4/m s π .
三、计算
1. （1）对于在xy 平面内，以原点O 为圆心作匀速圆周运动的质点，试用半径r 、角速度ω和单位矢量i
、j
表示其t 时刻的位置矢量．已知在t = 0时，y = 0, x = r , 角速度ω如图所示；（2）由(1)导出速度v 与加速度a 的矢量表示式；（3）试证加速度指向圆心．
参考：
（1）由图可得：cos x r t ω=，sin y r t ω=，则：
cos sin r r t i r t j ωω=+
（2）sin cos dr
v r t i r t j dt ωωωω==-+ 22cos sin dv a r t i r t j dt ωωωω==--
（3）22
(cos sin )a r t i t j r ωωωω=-+=-
r 是由圆心指向(,)P x y ，则a 由(,)P x y 指向圆心。

2．一飞机驾驶员想往正北方向航行，而风以60km/h 的速度由东向西刮来，如果飞机的航速（在静止空气中
的速率）为180km/h . 如果仍要保持往正北方向飞行，问驾驶员应取什么航向？飞机相对于地面的速率为多少？并用矢量图说明. 参考：
选取飞机为动点；
地面为固定参考系，风（流动的空气）为运动参考系；
飞机相对于地面的运动为绝对运动，a v 的大小未知，方向沿正北；飞机相对于空气的运动为相对运动，r v 的大小为180km/h ，方向未知；空气相对于地面的运动为牵连运动，e v 的大小为60km/h ，方向沿正西；由矢量图按照速度变换定理：a r e v v v =+，可以求解两个未知量：
22
2180169.7/a r e v v v km h =
-==
60
sin 1/3180
e r
v v α=
=
=，019.5α= 答：飞机相对于地面的速率169.7/km h ，方向是北偏东0
19.5。

3．如图所示，质点P 在水平面内沿一半径为R=2m 的圆轨道转动，转动的角速度ω与时间t 的关系为ω=kt 2（k 为常数）. 已知t=2 s 时，质点P 的速度值为32 m/s ，试求t=1 s 时，质点P 的速度与加速度的大小.
参考：
由圆周运动规律及题意：
2v R kt R ω==，代入已知条件：
2(2)2232v k =⨯⨯=，3
4k s -=或3
4/k rad s =，
t=1 s 时，质点P 的速度大小：
22(1)4128/v kt R m s ==⨯⨯=
质点P 的加速度大小：
2
(1)414(/)
rad s ω=⨯=，2(4)
8d d t t dt dt
ωβ===，2(1)818/rad s β=⨯
=
2(1)35.78/a R m s ω==。