英汉翻译实践1
翻译实践报告总结 翻译实践报告范文3篇
翻译实践报告总结翻译实践报告范文3篇当一个好的翻译不仅需要强大的基础知识，还需要不断的去实践，在实践中学习，在实践中验证。
为您精心挑选了几篇关于翻译实践报告总结的优秀范文，感兴趣的快来一起学习吧!希望能够对你有帮助!翻译实践报告总结1一. 实习目的：为了使自己更加深入了解英语在社会和实际工作中的应用，丰富已学过的专业课内容，培养理论联系实际的能力，提高在语言应用中分析问题及解决问题的实际能力。
为了更好地为完成毕业论文打下基础，为了以后工作的顺利进行。
通过实习，还应了解英语在外贸，及涉外和服务行业中的重要地位，了解和积累更多的实践经验，培养热爱专业，献身国家建设的思想。
我们使用相关专业课教材，及实习单位提供的相关材料通过参与一个完整的笔译过程(资料,情报翻译)或口译过程(涉外接待,贸易谈判等), 使自己掌握和提高熟练使用英语的技能。
实习单位的介绍：翻译公司是本市的一家经工商局审批注册的专为国内外各机构和个人提供专业翻译服务的企业。
拥有各行业的专业翻译人员、高级审译顾问、外籍专家、审译人员、留学回国人员等组成的优秀工作团队。
本公司坚持“以人为本”的指导思想，本着“团结拼搏,勇创一流”的精神，恪守“追求卓越挑战极限”的原则，积极为焦作地区的经济、文化和对外交流与发展，作出我们应有的贡献。
公司长期对外承接的翻译服务有：英、日、法、俄、德、韩、蒙、越南、阿拉伯、西班牙、意大利，等近40种语种与汉语不同形式的笔译，陪同口译，交替传译，同声传译等业务。
涉及机械、化工、汽车、金融、文学等各个领域。
我们实行的是“翻译—副译审—总译审”的三级质量管理体系。
合理的翻译运作流程、严格的质量控制体系、独特的译员审核标准以及完善的跟踪回访服务是我们优质翻译的保证。
我们始终信守诚实做人，踏实做事的原则。
秉承“竭诚为客户服务”的宗旨，用我们的辛勤工作换来沟通无限和您的微笑。
二.翻译过程的基本环节与具体要求(一)实际翻译程序可以归纳如下：1.快速翻译，侧重文体。
1-5：英汉互译实践与技巧 (课堂PPT)
《现代汉语词典》：“翻译是把一种语言文字的 意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。”
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Ⅱ. Nature and Scope of Translation
翻译的性质和范围
Nature性质：
Translation is not a word for word activity
许建平 《英汉互译实践与技巧》清华大学出版社 2006年 郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》武汉大学出版社
1996年 张培基 《英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社 1980年 张光明 《英语实用文体翻译》中国科学技术大学出版社
2009年 连淑能 《英汉对比研究》高等教育出版社 1993年 李瑞华 《英汉语言文化对比研究》上海外语教育出版社
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Ⅱ. Nature and Scope of Translation 翻译的性质和范围
英 国 翻 译 教 育 家 Peter Newmark ： “ It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. 翻译是按作者的创造意图把一篇文章的意思 用另一种语言描述出来的过程。”
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实用文体翻译1：简历 实用文体翻译2：求职信 实用文体翻译3：通知 实用文体翻译4：致辞 实用文体翻译5：企业或学校简介 实用文体翻译6：六级英语 实用文体翻译7：考研英语 实用文体翻译8：新闻英语 实用文体翻译9：论文题目、摘要 实用文体翻译10：科技英语
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Suggested reading books and websites
实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Chapter 1&2)
An Applied Course in English-Chinese Translation Skills and Practice实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Definition of Translation)1.2 翻译的原则(Principles of Translation)忠实(Faithfulness)通顺(Smoothness)1.3 翻译的基本步骤(Basic Steps in Translation)a. 原文理解（Comprehension of Source Texts)•词义确定（Determination of Word Meaning)It is quite another story now.The officials concerned refused to confirm the story in the Post.The white-haired girl's story is one of the saddest.A young man came to police station with a story.•语法分析（Grammatical Analysis)W hile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.•逻辑判断（Logical Judgement)H e bought a picture of the house which many people thought to be replica.•文体把握（Understanding of Style)旅游景点警示语：路滑, 小心跌倒！译1：The road is slippery, fall down carefully！译2：The path is so slippery that you should be careful not to fall down.译3：Slippery // Wet path！b.译文表达（Expression of Target Texts)c. 译文校核(Proofreading of Target Texts)1.4 翻译的主要方法（Major Translation Approaches)a. 直译法（Literal Translation）p aper tigerl ose facer unning dogG ood to begin well, better to end well.b. 意译法（Free Translation）Q ueen’s Englishs mall talkr eceive glove moneyE very life has its roses and thorns．c. 归化法（Domestication）b lack sheepa s timid as a hared.异化法（Foreignization）1.5 翻译的常用技巧（Practical Translation Skills)异&选择（Choice of Word Meaning)一词多义（Polysemous Words）•New homes are for sale.•I’ll see her home tonight.•He’s at home with classics.•Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.a. 语境与词义（Context and Word Meaning）A caller to the broadcasting station claimed responsibility for the bombing.T hroughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.b.词性与词义（Word Class and Word Meaning）M y room was big, light and looked out on the East lake.H e lighted his cigarette, said good night, and went on.c.文体与词义（Style and Word Meaning）•United States Declaration of Independence：He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.•The third power of 2 is 8.2.2 引申翻译a. 具体化引申翻译（Extension from the Abstract or General Words to the Concrete Words)•抽象名词的具体化（Concreteness fromAbstract Nouns)T he car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.T he administration was free from corruption.•概括词语的具体化（Concreteness from General Words）A nimal waste is the best food for the soil.T he weather has a great effect on the farmer¡¯s work and the products of his work.b. 概括化引申翻译（Extension from the Concrete or Special Words to the General Words)H e was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.M y father is the bread earner.2.3 增补翻译(Addition)a. 语法增补（Grammatical Addition)•动词的增补（Addition of Verbs)I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.A fter the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he went home tiredly.•量词的增补（Addition of Measure Words)A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.T he carefully planned party turned out to be a bad dream.•时态词的增补（Addition of Words Denoting Tenses)T he tutor had taught the girl to play the piano.T he old man said, “They say his father was ¡°a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”译文：老头儿说: “听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。
英语英汉互译心得体会报告 英汉翻译实践报告(最新3篇)
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文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如计划报告、合同协议、心得体会、演讲致辞、条据文书、策划方案、规章制度、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as plan reports, contract agreements, insights, speeches, policy documents, planning plans, rules and regulations, teaching materials, complete essays, and other sample essays. If you would like to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!英语英汉互译心得体会报告英汉翻译实践报告（最新3篇）2022英语英汉互译心得体会报告篇一英语的音变技巧方法一。
英译汉和汉译英翻译实践报告
目录目录 (i)第一部分英译汉 A Red Sweater翻译实践报告 (1)第二部分英译汉参考文献 (5)第三部分汉译英《华威先生》翻译实践报告 (6)第四部分汉译英参考文献 (9)附录 (10)1、英译汉原文A Red Sweater (10)2、英译汉译文《红毛衣》 (17)3、汉译英原文《华威先生》 (24)4、汉译英译文Mr Hua Wei (29)A Red Sweater翻译实践报告A Report on Translation of A Red Sweater摘要: 在华裔美国文学中，小说家伍慧明的这部《红毛衣》深受众多读者的喜爱，作者通过描写一个家庭中两代人不同的经历，展示了在美国社会中，华人是如何努力争取实现自己的梦想。
作者以独特的角度观察和描写两代人的相同与不同之处，展现美籍华人的心路历程。
该报告基于笔者A Red Sweater的翻译实践，旨在通过提出自己在翻译中遇到的困难及该注意的方面，对其翻译中的问题的处理进行了描述，最后得出一些译文的反思与总结，对原文有了更好的理解的同时进一步地提升自己的译文。
关键词：年轻的一代；年老的一代；美籍华人；美国文化Abstract:In Chinese American literature, A Red Sweater written by the novelist Wu Huimin is popular with readers. The translator shows how Chinese strive to realize their dreams in American society by describing the different experiences of two generations in a family. The translator observes and describes the similarities and differences between the two generations from a unique perspective, and shows the psychological course of Chinese Americans. Based on this translation practice, the report aims to describe the solutions in her translation by proposing the difficulties and she encountered and the aspects she should pay attention to. At last, the translator draws some reflections and summaries of her translation, so as to has a better understanding of the original text and further improve his own translation.Key words: The younger generation, the older generation, Chinese Americans, American culture,1.任务的描述本次翻译的实践内容是一篇英译中的短片小说A Red Sweater《红毛衣》，1一共3860个字符。
英汉互译翻译和实践技巧1_12单元参考答案解析
Unit11.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生总是有苦有乐, 甘苦参半。
(人生的道路既铺满鲜花, 又充满荆棘.)2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.我要丽莎去哪里她就得去哪里3.He carried his age astonishingly well.他一点儿都不显老，面容年轻得令人惊讶。
4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.5.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败。
/ 他遭遇了滑铁卢。
6.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松对受到的破格礼遇非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊。
7.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中国是一片令人惊讶、日新月异的土地。
8.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground. 、他上一篇小说写砸了, 他的名声从此岌岌可危.9.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner likea little pig.索耶太太也容光焕发，第一次大口大口吃饭，活像一只小猪。
10.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wipedhis crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时有哪个一条大手绢抹去他那鳄鱼的眼泪。
1-5：英汉互译实践与技巧
Ⅱ. Nature and Scope of Translation 翻译的性质和范围
类别：
语言 native foreign、 foreign native 工作方式 口译(interpretation)、笔译(translation)、机器翻 译(MT) 口译：连续传译(consecutive interpretation)、同声 传译(simultaneously interpretation) 文体 应用文体、科技文体、论述文体、新闻文体、艺 术文体
处理方式 全译、节译、摘译、编译、译述（综述和述评）
Ⅲ. Principles or Criteria of Translation 翻译的原则和标准
Principle原则：
严复：信，达，雅（faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance) 鲁迅：易解、保持原作的风姿 林语堂：忠实、通顺、美 傅雷：神似说（spiritual conformity） 钱钟书：化境说 (sublimed adaptation) 许渊冲：三美说（意美、音美、形美） 泰特勒Tytler ：翻译三原则 费道罗夫等：等值论 (translation equivalence) 奈达：读者反应论 (dynamic equivalence)
Nature性质：
Ⅱ. Nature and Scope of Translation 翻译的性质和范围
Translation is not a word for word activity
1、她现在非常红. *She is very red now. (She is very popular now.) 2、你给我站住！*You Give Me Stop!! (Stand!) 3、蠢蠢欲動。 *Stupid stupid want to move . (Be ready to do sth.(bad)) 4、寒暄 *coldly talk for a while (to exchange greetings and make small talk ) 5、跳伞处 *"Site of jumping umbrella" (paragliding site) 6、请爱护花草* "Cherishing Flowers and Trees" (keep off the grass.)
翻译实践报告范文（精选7篇）
翻译实践报告范文（精选7篇）翻译实践报告范文（精选7篇）忙碌而又充实的社会实践已经告一段落了，我们一定积累一些相应的社会经验，一定有不少东西可以写进实践报告的吧。
那要怎么写好实践报告呢？以下是小编整理的翻译实践报告范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
翻译实践报告篇1一、翻译实践的目的和意义由于所学知识仅限于书本知识，很少接触到实用英语的翻译，因此为了拓宽翻译的知识面，院系组织关于科技与商务的翻译实践，实践主要目的在于让学生更多地了解科技和商务方面的专业知识和翻译的专业性；意义在于让翻译与社会需求挂钩，让学生更多的了解现实社会对翻译的具体要求，让学生了解一个专业的翻译的要求，这样在以后从事科技与商务方面的工作时，可以有一个较好的知识背景，能够较快较好做好这实用方面的翻译，为以后工作的顺利进展做好铺垫。
二、翻译实践的内容时间：地点：文法楼102方式：课堂讲解与讨论结合课后翻译练习的方式备注：选择的是商务翻译实践内容：第一：通过老师对商务翻译的讲解了解到，对于商务英语的翻译，其要求是：用词简洁、语义明确、行文严谨、措辞委婉。
对合同的翻译更是如此。
合同英译汉的翻译原则是：准确传情达意、力求简洁凝练。
而汉译英的翻译原则是：准确严谨、规范通顺。
直到这时我才明白:商务英语的翻译与文学和报刊的翻译有着很大的区别。
与文学和报刊的翻译注重“信、达、雅”不同，商务英语翻译更注重的是准确、简洁、凝练和规范。
对于合同的翻译，有时译者甚至不惜采用罗嗦、繁复的翻译来明确各方的权利与义务，以此来避免纠纷。
结合我们小组合作的翻译，我发现我们的翻译工作屡屡受挫很大程度上是没有指导理论的结果。
第二，通过比较我们小组的翻译与老师的翻译，我发现我们的翻译用词不够专业、准确，对商务方面的专业知识了解不够透撤，了解到现实工作中对商务翻译的要求应该是准确、简介，而不是写一大堆华丽的词去描述或者是用优美的修辞去表达商务翻译的信息。
第三，在翻译实践课后练习中，通过对商务领域一些书面文体的亲身翻译，对商务领域的翻译有了一些自己的认识，首先认识到，要在生活中注意一些商务方面的知识与应用，如我们可以看邮递背面的说明，一些商业的书信和通知等；其次，在具体翻译中，选择专业词组与固定的句型，如某些合同统一要求等，最后，实践出真知，要想翻译好商务翻译，要自己多看商业方面的书籍多做商业翻译方面练习。
英汉翻译实践
Unit 1I. 英汉翻译原理第一讲：什么是翻译？【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in manyinstances, an exciting story.（“×”号表示译文有问题，下同）×树的历史开始于森林中，直到生产为木板后被使用为止，成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。
上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容：1、树的历史的起迄时间2、树的历史是怎样一回事【译文】一棵树，从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止，这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事，在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人心。
【例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicitywe experience when living in a particular time zone.×有两个调节系统相互作用。
一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明，就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。
【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。
一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息，依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。
寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法，常表现如下：1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬，但基本可读。
如：【例3】I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.×我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家，他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。
英语翻译实践报告
英语翻译实践报告英语翻译实践报告《翻译1》课程实践报告翻译课程介绍翻译是全国高等训练自学考试英语专业本科阶段的一门必考课程。
英汉翻译包括英译汉和汉译英，是一门实践性很强的课程。
通过学习本课程，同学应当熟识英汉两种语言各自的特点；能将中等难度的英语文章译成汉语，内容精确，文字流畅；能将比较简易的汉语文章译成英语，用词得当，语法平稳。
本课程与英语专业其他课程相辅相成。
它作为一门实践课，有赖于英语专业其他课程为应考者打下良好的基础，使应考者把握肯定的词汇量和语法学问，初步达到阅读英文原著的水平，并有肯定的写作力量，因而具备从事英汉翻译的条件。
另一方面，通过大量翻译实践和语言对比讨论，同学可以进一步熟悉英汉两种语言各自的特点。
但在翻译时，往往因受原文的影响，而简单忽视在译文中体现原有的特点。
这也就是本课程的难学之处。
但通过学习本课程，了解了英汉两种语言的各自特点，并能在翻译实践中恰当地加以运用，定会提高使用两种语言的力量和翻译水平。
课程实践目的及过程为了将课堂上所学学问更好地运用于实践，10级翻译3班在王静老师的带领下，来到了位于德胜工业园区的百瑞源枸杞养生馆和厚生记食品有限公司进行参观学习。
在参观之前，王老师要求同学们查找关于枸杞的相关资料，基本上了解了枸杞的种植技术、生产流程、养分价值等学问。
宁夏枸杞产业在宁夏省外也有不少公司，而且，百瑞源是宁夏唯一一个进驻201*年上海世博会的企业，这不仅提升了宁夏在国内外的知名度，也让更多国内外伴侣了解了宁夏枸杞的与众不同，同时也为百瑞源走出中国，迈向国际舞台供应了良机。
在参观过程中，同学们品尝了味美色鲜的枸杞、其他枸杞制品和，可谓是大饱了口福。
但同学们并未遗忘此行的目的，大家一边参观，一边了解相关的学问，对于枸杞的养分价值和种类有了进一步了解；同时，在参观过程中，同学们发觉了不少汉英翻译的错误，对于一个企业来说，要想进入全球市场，对外宣扬和对外沟通是至关重要的，所以企业品牌的跨文化沟通成为了一种必定趋势。
翻译理论与实践1(英译汉)实战练习 15篇1
翻译理论与实践1（英译汉）实战练习15篇1．The Policy of Mass Media1) Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to make decisions as citizens or as private individual.2) But neither the real difficulty of these decisions nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual can often be communicated through the mass media.3) The disinclination to suggest real choice which is to be found in the mass media is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customers happy.4) The organs of the Establishment however well—intentioned they may be have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which though they go through the motions of dispute and inquiry do not break through the skin to where such inquires might really hurt.5) They will tend to move when exposing problems well within the accepted cliché—assumptions of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these clichés nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life2. The American and the English1) Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English the chief have their roots inthe obvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century and those of the English.2) The latter have lived under a relatively stable social order and it has impressed upon their souls their characteristic respect for what is customary and of good report.3) Until the World War brought chaos to most of their institutions their whole lives were regulated perhaps more than those of any other people save the Spaniards by a regard for precedent.4) The Americans though partly of the same blood have felt no such restrain and acquired no such habit of conformity.5) On the contrary they have plunged to the other extreme for the conditions of life in their country have put a high value upon the precisely opposite qualities of curiosity and daring and so they acquired that character of restlessness that impatience of forms that disdain of the dead hand which now broadly marks them.3. The Education of Humanists1)The education of humanists cannot be regarded as complete or even adequate without exposure in some depth to where things stand in the various branches of science particularly in the areas of our ignorance.2)Physics professors most of them look with revulsion on assignments to teach their subjects to poets.3) The liberal arts faculties for their parts will continue to view the scientists with suspicion and apprehension. 4) But maybe a new set of courses dealing systematically with ignorance in science will take hold.5) The scientists might discover in it a new and subversive technique for catching the attention of students driven by curiosity delighted and surprised to learn that science is exactly as some scientists described it: an “endless frontier.”6) The humanists for their part might take considerable satisfaction in watching their scientific colleagues confess openly to not knowing everything about everyone.7) And the poets on whose shoulders the future rests might late nights thinking things over begin to see some meanings that elude the rest of us.4. . American Study1) The scientific interest of American history centered in national character and in the workings of a society destined to become bast in which individuals were imp0rtant chiefly as types.2) Although this kind of interest was different from that of European history it was at least as important to the world.3) Should history ever become a true science it must expect to establish its laws not from the complicated story of rival European nationalities but from the economical evolution of a great democracy.4) North America was the most favorable field on the globe for the spread of a society so large uniform and isolated as to answer the purposes of science.5) There a single homogeneous society could easily attain proportions of three or four hundred million persons under conditions of undisturbed growth.6) In Europe or Asia undisturbed social evolution had been unknown.7) Without disturbance evolution seemed to cease.8) Wherever disturbance occurred permanence was impossible.9) Every people in turn adapted itself to the law of necessity.5. Jack London1) Life itself led London to reject this approach in his writing.2) He knew what it meant to be one of the disinheritedto be chained to the deadening routine of the machine and to soul-destroying labor for an insufficient reward.3) Consequently he swept aside not only the literature that pretended that ours is a society of sweetness and light but also that which contended that the inculcation of the spirit of Christian fellowship would put an end to class controversy.4) He did not oppose labor organization nor balk at the strike as a weapon of labor; rather he took his heroes and heroines from the labor movement and wove his plots within their struggles.5) He poured into his writings all the pain of his life the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him and the conviction it had brought to him that world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.6. President Carter1) President Carter has been calling his closest advisers together for what is called as a hard reappraisal of his administration’s troubles but who will tell him the truth? 2) You can almost put it down as a general rule in this town that presidents often invite “honest criticism” from their aides but seldom get it and usually don’t follow it when they do.3) The reasons for this are not obscure.4) The Oval Office is the most frightening room inAmerica.5) It imposes a kind of respect on most visitors and even those legislative lions who roar against the president on Capital Hill tend to usually lower their voices and follow their prepared speeches when they walk through the White House door.6) Few While House aides dare to say anything against the president without betraying their fears.7) Even Henry Kissinger who is not an excessively modest or silent man hesitated to face President Nixon with the disaster he knew lay ahead.7.On “Mein Kampf”1) Mein Kampf’s the me song recurring again and again is race race purity race supremacy though nowhere did Hitler attempt to define race.2) It was never intended by Nature Hitler claims that all races should be equal any more than individuals are equal.3) Some are created superior to others.4) The Germans as the world’s strongest race should rule over the inferior through having the habitat of the highest race extended and scattered Germanic peoples united under one rule.6) The vast expansion visualized by Hitler would take place principally at the expense of other races.7) To attain the objectives set by his soaring ambition Hitler proposes three methods: propaganda diplomacy and force. 8) Nowhere in Mein Kampf is the author more revealing of himself and his tactics than in his discussionof propaganda techniques—correctly believed by him to be one of the Nazis’ most effective and formidable weapons.8. How to Write Clearly1) I have never had much patience with the writers who claim from the reader an effort to understand their meaning.2) You have only to go to great philosophers to see that it is possible to express with lucidity the most subtle reflections.3) One cause of obscurity is that many writers think not before but as they write.4) The pen originates the thought.5) The disadvantages of this and indeed it is a danger against which the author must be always on his guard is that there is a sort of magic in the written word.6) The idea acquires substance by taking on a visible nature and then stands in the way of its own clarification.7) But this sort of obscurity merges very easily into the willful.8) Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first sight appears.9) It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reis with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.9. 1) Of course there is a strong element of luck in both success and failure but it is my belief that there are no “secrets” to success.2) One thing I have discovered is that attitudes and values that I acquired in China long before came to the United States have had a great bearing on the success in my business.3) These values have much in common with some of the virtues of Confucianism the Chinese philosophy that stresses moderation.4) However although I respect the spirit of Confucianism I have not tried to adapt this ancient Chinese philosophy to modern society.5) For besides moderation other things I have found to be essential to success are patience adaptability decisiveness confidence unconventional thinking social responsibility and last luck.6) The importance of these attributes is in their interaction.7) Some of them are antithetical to others—patience will often collide with decisiveness for instance—and yet it is hard to think of any of my decisions in which they did not play a role.10. Tragedy1) Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fearso long sustained by now that we can even bear it.2) There are no longer problems of the spirit.3) There is only the question:4) When will I be blown up? 5) Because of this the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about worth the agony and the sweat.6) He must learn them again.7) He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and teaching himself that forget it forever leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart the universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed—love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice.8) Until he does so he labors under a curse.9) He writes not of love but of lust of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value of victories without hope and worst of all without pity or compassion.11. The Choice of Life1) The lives of most men are determined by their environment.2) They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with goodwill.3) They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the motorcycle that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country.4) I respect them; they are good citizens good husbands and good fathers and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I don’t find them exciting.5) I am fascinated by the men few enough in all conscience who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking.6) It may be that we have no such thing as free will but at all events we gave the illusion of it.7) At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and the choice once made it is difficult to see that whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the turning we did.12. Science Fiction1) Moreover if SF is the laboratory of the imagination its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out.2) That is SF has always had a certain feedback effect on society as its visions emotionally engage the future consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities.3) The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced byits image of the future.4) For that matter some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-style after appealing models provided by SF stories.5) The diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up and augmented SF’s social feed back effects.6) Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent sending an echo from the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it.7) This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed here.13. 1) Since the 1970s the Chinese community in the USA has undergone tremendous changes among which is its rapid increase in population as many Chinese have kept flooding into America’s shore.3) As the population of the American citize ns of Chinese descent has increased and their qualities have evidently improved so their economic conditions have prospered.4) It is said that since 1986 the US citizens of Chinese descent have leapt to a good lead over other racial minorities Japanese and Koreans for instance.5) The average Chinese family’s yearly income has now come to exceed that of the average American family.6) At present there is a number ofenterprisers of Chinese descent in the economic circles in the US who enjoy considerable fame.7) An even more cheerful phenomenon is that in recent years there have sprung up in the US prominent scientific and technical talents of Chinese descent.8) Their achievements have come to command the notice and admiration of scientists and technical experts in the world.9) Meanwhile Chinese-descent citizens have roles to play in American political circles as they have risen evidently in political status.14. Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.2) Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, 3) but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed.4) Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provede.5) Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.6) Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.7) As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion they now have enough time to fulfill an old dreamsuch as writing painting growing flowers and traveling around.8) On the whole female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers.9) Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man.15. Mr. Zhang a retired miner bought four chicks early this yeae.2) One day he found one of them missing.2) He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time.3) Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang who ran to catch the chick.4) Naturally Zhang’s wife wouldn’t let him go with the chick.5) and so a quarrel ensued.6) It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang did.7) Their quarrel drew another neighbor Lee to the yard to see what was happening.8) Having heard the story he put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off.9) The chick went straight to join Zhang’s flock and kept returning whenever it was driven to Wang’s home.10) And at Zhang’s call “Chick chick” all the chicks including the one in question recede in response to him.11) Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize. Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.。
中级翻译(实践课1)
中级翻译（实践课）词的译法: （语法与词义）北大出（共51句）No context, no text. 1) p149in trade in the tradeat a crossroads At the crossroads in front of the car in the front of the carin office in the officein word in a worda red and a white flower a red and white flower2) You are a good singer.P1573) In the early 1600’s, the Hollanderswere great farmers. P1574) We have shortcomings as well as good points. P1595) You can never tell.P1596) He remembered his age. He was thirty-six. P1627) In learning English, grammar is not everything. P1638) Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. P170 9) I could have laughed to hear him talk like this. P17510) He was astounded but highly pleasedthat the man who presided over hisdestinies should come pleading to him.P17511) Drive carefully on that road in badweather——it’s very winding. P180 12) I haven’t heard from him since helived in Beijing. P180 13) They were imprisoned, refusedanything to read.P18414）Some of our most skilled people don’t get the salaries of maids in the US. P19315) She makes a good teacher, as she has a good student. P20316) I have five young children, and now my wife has a baby girl and I do not know wherethe money is to come from to feed and clothe them all. We are very poor, and I fear I cannot work hard enough. P20517) Until recently I knew nothing about it. P20718) While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of theimportance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. P20819) A dugout, or a canoe was made by hollowing out a tree trunk. P21020) What decides is not explosives or wells or atom bombs, but the man who handlesthem. P21021) When you look up a word, notice its pronunciation as well as its meaning. P21122) Small talk. P21323) The firemen in this part of the country went on strike. P21324) In country after country, talk of nonsmokers’ right is in the air. P21425) But the advantages of this law are also greater still than its cost——for it is to thislaw that we owe our wonderful material development, which brings improved conditions in its train. P21526) The students made these experiments in chemistry out of necessity. P21627) The evening will come before we know it. P21628) He gave me three apples. They were good and ripe. P21629) I discovered that more than desire and feeling were necessary to write. P21829) It was a curious exchange, less adebate than a quarrel between twoaggressive men, each of them determined to impress the audience as more peaceful than the other.P22030) We expressed our gratitude for theoutstanding and challenging speech of Mr. Smith.P22331) This was the last place theexplorers would leave, for it lay riches and natural resources.P22532) You must remember that we arehere to serve the society that we are building a New Society. The bureaucracy has this rare opportunity to prove it’s worth to build a progressive nation.P22733) There is a definite link betweensmoking and heart disease and lung cancer. But this doesn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. P22834) He caught the chance for peacebetween them.P23535) I like your policies of first come,first served.P23536) They were then friendly to me andmy opinions.P23737) Administrative measures and words soon poured out the president’s office. P23738) He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom. P23939) His parents were dead against the trip. P24740) He is so arrogant that no one will keep company with him. P25241) Secondly we embarked on a reasoned policy to ensure steady economic growth. p25542) Intense light and heat in the open contrasted with the coolness of shaded avenues andthe interiors of buildings. P26043) the commercial and cultural districts. P26144) anti-globalization and cultural revival movements. P26145) Very proud of their native ancestry and passionately patriotic, they also imbibed theeighteenth century European Culture. P26246) Andrew was a good speaker and student of political philosophy. P26447) She modelled between roles. P27448) I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man. P27449) But the master of the house was his mother. She was twice man her son was. p27550) When she and he met again, each had been married to another. P27551) I will go and attend the reception, if only to make some new friends. P275中→→英（精简）补充题（一）；（北大出）1. 学习外语的方法和学习游泳的方法一样，必须把实践放到第一步。
英汉翻译练习1参考译文
My father was a middle-class black. Though he was born poor, he achieved middle-class standing through much hard work and sacrifice (one of his favorite words) and by identifying fully with solid middle-class values—mainly hard work, family life, property ownership, and education for his children (all four of whom have advanced degrees). In his mind these were not so much values as laws of nature. People who embodied them made up the positive images in his class identification. The negative images came largely from the blacks he had left behind because they were “going nowhere.”我父亲是一名中产阶级黑人。
尽管他出身贫穷，但是他通过勤奋、牺牲（他的口头禅之一）和恪守中产阶级价值观念其主要内容包括：努力工作，注重家庭生活，拥有财产，让孩子接受良好教育(现在他的四个孩子都拥有硕士以上学位），取得了中产阶级社会地位。
并且在我父亲看来，与其说这些是价值观念倒不如说它们是自然法则。
在父亲的价值观认同上，履行这些价值观念的人构成了他积极效仿的正面形象；他批评的反面形象则大部分来自于底层黑人，因为他们在社会中碌碌无为。
Whether I live up to these values or not, I know that my acceptance of them is the result of lifelong conditioning. I know also that I share this conditioning with middle-class people of all races and that I can no more easily be free of it than I canbe free of my race. For the middle-class black, conditioned by these values from birth, the sense of meaning they provide is as immutable as the color of his skin.无论我自己是否践行这些价值观念，可是我知道我对它们的接受是长期熏陶教育的结果。
英汉互译 原理与实践教程 第1-4章习题
1.Your presence today really honored me.你今天能够出席让我增色不少！2.The poor beggar is lame and blind.那个穷叫花子腿跛着，眼睛也瞎了。
3.He has been in the room all day.他一整天都呆在家里。
4.The show is already on.演出已经开始了。
5.She came in, book in hand.她进来了，手里拿着书。
6.A gentleman is, rather than does.绅士是生就的，不是做出来的。
7.If thou would work, I have bread for thee.如果你愿意劳动，我为你准备了面包。
8.Attention, everyone!大家注意了！9.Ticket, please.请出示车票。
10.Thief!有贼！11.Fire!开火！12.There is a knock at the door.有人敲门。
13.Let’s take a rest.我们休息一下。
14.My pleasure.别客气。
15.Peace! And no war!要和平！不要战争！16.Take good care of yourself.注意保重。
17.She is a good singer.她歌唱得好。
18.Someone is calling for you.有人打电话找你。
19.The Americans have a passion for grandeur.美国人酷爱豪华的气派。
20.You have done a good job.你干得不错。
21.Order!保持秩序！22.He is drunk, dizzy, and feeling that he is the world.他喝醉了，头脑晕眩，感觉他就是整个世界。
23.Wet paint!油漆未干！24.Dead end/ no passage.此路不通。
《《我们这一帮》(1-3章)英汉翻译实践报告》范文
《《我们这一帮》（1-3章）英汉翻译实践报告》篇一《我们这一帮》英汉翻译实践报告第一章：引言一、报告背景本篇报告以《我们这一帮》这一主题为背景，通过对实际翻译工作的梳理与总结，分析其翻译过程及策略，以期对翻译实践的进一步提升提供有益的参考。
二、翻译目的与意义本篇报告的翻译目的在于准确传达原文含义，保留原文的文化特色，同时确保译文流畅、自然，符合中文表达习惯。
通过本次翻译实践，提高对英汉翻译的理解与掌握，为今后的翻译工作提供经验与借鉴。
第二章：原文分析一、作品内容概述《我们这一帮》主要讲述了主人公们围绕友谊、成长和挑战所展开的一系列故事。
内容涵盖了校园生活、社会交往等多个方面，人物形象鲜明，故事情节丰富。
二、作品特点及语言分析《我们这一帮》的原文具有独特的语言特点和文化内涵。
例如，词汇的选择既要符合英语表达习惯，又要保留原文的文化特色；句式结构上，原文常使用复合句和长句，需要仔细分析句子结构，确保译文准确无误。
第三章：翻译过程与方法一、翻译准备阶段在翻译前，首先对原文进行仔细阅读，了解作品背景、人物关系及故事情节。
同时，查阅相关资料，了解相关文化背景及表达习惯。
此外，还需制定详细的翻译计划，分配好时间与任务。
二、翻译实施阶段在翻译过程中，采用直译与意译相结合的方法。
对于一些关键词汇和句子结构，尽量保持原文的表达方式；对于一些文化背景差异较大的内容，进行适当的意译，确保译文流畅自然。
同时，注意语言的简练与精炼，避免出现冗余的表述。
三、翻译后期阶段在翻译完成后，进行校对与润色。
检查译文是否准确传达了原文含义，是否符合中文表达习惯。
对不合理的译文进行修改，使整个译文更加流畅、自然。
此外，还需对译文进行格式调整，确保排版规范。
第四章：案例分析一、典型问题及处理方式在翻译过程中，遇到了一些典型问题。
例如，一些具有文化特色的词汇和表达方式在中文中无法找到完全对应的词汇。
针对这些问题，我们通过查阅相关资料、请教专家等方式，找到合适的译文。
《《后来》(1-10章)英汉翻译实践报告》范文
《《后来》（1-10章）英汉翻译实践报告》篇一《后来》英汉翻译实践报告第一章：引言本报告旨在分享一次英汉翻译实践的经历，该实践以《后来》一书为蓝本，通过深入分析原文内容，探讨翻译过程中的策略和技巧，以期为今后的翻译工作提供参考。
第二章：背景介绍《后来》一书是一部深受读者喜爱的文学作品，内容涉及人生、情感、成长等多个方面。
在翻译过程中，需要充分理解原文的背景、文化内涵以及作者的写作风格，以便更好地进行翻译。
第三章：翻译过程概述翻译过程包括准备阶段、翻译阶段和校对阶段。
在准备阶段，需要对原文进行深入理解，确定翻译的目标和风格。
在翻译阶段，需要注重语言的准确性和流畅性，尽可能保持原文的意境和情感。
在校对阶段，需要对译文进行反复修改和润色，确保译文的质量和可读性。
第四章：翻译难点及解决方法在翻译过程中，遇到了许多难点，如文化差异、专业术语、语言习惯等。
针对这些难点，我们采取了不同的解决方法。
例如，对于文化差异，我们通过查阅相关资料和文化背景来理解原文；对于专业术语，我们借助词典和专业知识进行确认；对于语言习惯，我们注重语言的自然流畅，使译文更符合中文表达习惯。
第五章：翻译策略与技巧在翻译过程中，我们采用了多种翻译策略和技巧。
例如，对于一些重要的情节和人物描写，我们采用了直译的方法，尽可能保持原文的意境和情感；对于一些抽象的概念和表达，我们采用了意译的方法，使译文更符合中文的表达方式。
此外，我们还注重语言的简洁明了和修辞手法的运用，使译文更加生动形象。
第六章：案例分析以书中的一段经典语句为例：“回忆是抓不到的月光，洒在床单上的斑驳。
”这句话在翻译时需要充分传达出原文的意境和情感。
我们采用了意译的方法，将“抓不到的月光”翻译为“无法触及的回忆之光”，将“斑驳”翻译为“斑斑点点”，使译文更加生动形象。
第七章：翻译中的语言处理在翻译过程中，我们注重语言的准确性和流畅性。
对于一些长句和复杂句，我们采用了分割和重组的方法，使译文更加清晰易懂。
《《另一个家庭》(1-4章)英译汉翻译实践报告》范文
《《另一个家庭》（1-4章）英译汉翻译实践报告》篇一《另一个家庭》英译汉翻译实践报告第一章：引言本报告主要围绕《另一个家庭》的翻译实践展开，详细介绍了翻译任务背景、目的和意义。
该作品是一部以家庭为主题的小说，涵盖了人性的多元性与家庭生活的琐碎琐事，内容情感深沉。
此次翻译的目的是为了让中文读者能够更深入地了解西方文化与思想，提高中英文之间文化的交流与互动。
本报告对于该作品翻译的流程、方法、难点及解决策略进行了详细阐述，以期为今后的翻译工作提供参考。
第二章：翻译过程在翻译过程中，我们首先对原文进行了全面的理解与分析，把握了作者的思想和情感表达。
接着，我们进行了术语的统一和翻译的规划，确保了整个翻译过程的连贯性和一致性。
在具体翻译过程中，我们采用了多种翻译方法和技巧，如直译、意译、增译、减译等，并根据上下文灵活运用。
同时，我们还注重了语言的地道性和流畅性，力求使译文更符合中文的表达习惯。
第三章：翻译方法与技巧在《另一个家庭》的翻译中，我们主要采用了以下翻译方法和技巧。
首先，对于专有名词、术语等，我们进行了详细的查证和确认，确保了译文的准确性。
其次，在处理文化差异时，我们采用了归化和异化相结合的方法，既保留了原文的文化特色，又使译文更易于中文读者理解。
此外，我们还注重了语言的修辞和表达方式，通过增译、减译等技巧，使译文更加地道、流畅。
第四章：翻译难点及解决策略在《另一个家庭》的翻译过程中，我们遇到了许多难点。
首先，由于中西文化差异较大，部分西方文化背景和习惯用语在中文中难以找到完全对应的表达。
针对这一问题，我们通过查阅相关资料、请教专家学者等方式，进行了深入的研究和探讨，力求找到最合适的表达方式。
其次，原文中的一些长句和复杂句结构给翻译带来了较大的困难。
我们采用了分段翻译、调整语序等技巧，使译文更加符合中文的表达习惯。
此外，我们还注重了译文的审校和修改，确保了译文的准确性和流畅性。
结论通过本次《另一个家庭》的翻译实践，我们深刻认识到了翻译工作的复杂性和挑战性。
《2024年《随遇而安》(序言和第1-4章)英汉翻译实践报告》范文
《《随遇而安》（序言和第1-4章）英汉翻译实践报告》篇一《随遇而安》英汉翻译实践报告一、序言翻译作为一种重要的文化交流手段，要求我们将思想与意境传达给语言不相同的另一方。
当我们的脚步逐渐穿越生活的原野，行至充满坎坷的路途中时，《随遇而安》成为了不少人心中的心灵庇护所。
在这份报告中，我将分享我如何将这部作品从中文翻译成英文的实践过程，以及我在此过程中所遇到的挑战和收获。
二、第1章：翻译前的准备在开始翻译之前，我首先对原文进行了深入的理解和解读。
我仔细阅读了《随遇而安》的每一章节，试图理解作者想要传达的思想和情感。
同时，我也对一些复杂的句式和词汇进行了深入研究，以便在翻译过程中能够准确地传达原文的含义。
此外，我还制定了详细的翻译计划，确保了整个翻译过程的顺利进行。
三、第2章：翻译过程中的挑战在翻译过程中，我遇到了许多挑战。
首先，由于中英文的语法结构和表达方式存在较大差异，我需要在保持原文意思的同时，尽可能地使译文符合英文的表达习惯。
其次，一些成语和习语的翻译也让我感到困惑，我需要通过查阅大量的资料和参考书籍来找到最合适的翻译。
此外，我还需要在保持原文情感色彩的同时，确保译文的流畅性和自然性。
四、第3章：翻译策略与方法在面对不同的翻译内容时，我采用了不同的翻译策略和方法。
对于一些重要的概念和思想，我采用了直译的方法，以确保原文的意思能够准确地传达给读者。
对于一些复杂的句式和词汇，我采用了意译的方法，通过重新组织语言结构来使译文更加符合英文的表达习惯。
此外，我还注重了译文的流畅性和自然性，尽可能地使读者在阅读时能够感受到原文的情感色彩。
五、第4章：翻译后的修订与校对在完成初稿后，我对译文进行了多次修订和校对。
我仔细检查了每一句话、每一个词，确保其准确性和流畅性。
我还请了一些英语母语者对我的译文进行了审阅和修改，以便更好地符合英文的表达习惯。
此外，我还对一些难以理解的句子进行了重新构思和翻译，以便使读者能够更好地理解原文的意思。
段落翻译与实践(英汉互译)1
Part II段落翻译与实践I. 汉译英1．和平统一1）促进统一，就要有个适当的方式。
2）所以我们建议举行两党平等会谈，实行第三次合作。
3）大陆和台湾有不同的意识形态，实行不同的政治制度，但绝不能让这一点妨碍我们发展两岸关系，实现和平统一的大业。
1）To promote the reunification of the motherland, we must find a proper means. 2) So we suggest that the two Parties hold a talk on an equal footing and try for a third-time cooperation. 3) The fact the mainland and Taiwan have adopted different ideologies and political systems should not be allowed to stand in the way of developing the relations between two sides of the Taiwan Straits and achieving the peaceful reunification.2．大学生…1）现在大学生的学习压力相当重。
2）除了大四，他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。
3）总之，他们就像一个机器人。
4）压力大，时间少，功课多。
5）看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆去学习，到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一种内疚感。
6）一想到白天什么事都没干，心里就感到不安，会整夜因此睡不着觉。
7）他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。
8）读大学使他们失去太多的个人幸福和健康。
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Unit 1I. 英汉翻译原理第一讲：什么是翻译？【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story.（“×”号表示译文有问题，下同）×树的历史开始于森林中，直到生产为木板后被使用为止，成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。
上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容：1、树的历史的起迄时间2、树的历史是怎样一回事1【译文】一棵树，从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止，这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事，在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人心。
【例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.×有两个调节系统相互作用。
一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明，就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。
2【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。
一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息，依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。
寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法，常表现如下：1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬，但基本可读。
如：【例3】I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.【错误】我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家，他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。
3【译文】我发现音乐史上有三类作曲家，他们各自的音乐创作方式有所不同。
2、较复杂语句的译文似通非通，甚至不知所云。
如：【例4】The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well-established pattern.【错误】传统主义型作曲家始于某种格调而非某种主题。
帕莱斯特里纳的创作行为不太像对固定格调进行个性化处理的主题概念。
4【译文】传统型作曲家是从形式出发而不是从主题出发进行创作的。
帕莱斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思，而是对固定形式的个性化处理。
3、典型的英语表达形式在汉语无法找到对等形式，翻译无从着手。
如：【例5】Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come -- with the people who respect you for who you are.5【译文】发现自我，如实地表现自我，你自然会为人们所喜欢－－为那些尊重你的真正个性的人们所喜欢。
【例6】Where do you expect Shanghai to be in five years?6【译文】你预计今后五年上海的发展目标如何？翻译不是一种语言中的词语和语句结构到另一种语言的词语和语句结构的简单转换，也不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言中对等的词语和语句结构然后将其串接成句的过程。
在英汉翻译中，如果把眼光盯着原文的词语和语句结构这些属于语言层次的东西，结果翻译出来的只是一种文字层次的转换，徒具其形，原文的内容和意义不可能得到很好的表达。
翻译究竟是什么呢?翻译的过程就好比交通工具的换乘过程，两者之间有诸多相似之处。
交通工具换乘过程：内容 (人员)载体（运输工具1）内容（人员）载体（运输工具2）翻译过程：内容 (信息)载体（源语）内容（信息）载体（译语）比较两者，其共同点有：(1) 两者带有相似的目的：两种转换过程都是为了实现内容通过载体的变换从一端到另一端的传递。
(2) 两者含有相似的基本要素：第一要素内容，在交通工具换乘过程中是人员，而在翻译过程中则是信息。
第二要素载体，在交通工具换乘过程中是车辆、船舶、飞机等，转换前是一种运输工具，转换后改为另一种运输工具；而在翻译过程中则是语言，转换前是源语（source language），转换后是译语（target language）。
(3) 两者具有相似的操作要求：第一，两者都要求内容不变。
第二，两者都要求过程顺畅德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation：Problems & Methods一书中说：Translation is not simply a matter of seeking other words with similar meaning, but of finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language. Translating is always meaning-based, i.e. it is the transfer of meaning instead of form from the source language to the target language.（翻译不只是在另一种语言中寻找意义相似的其他词语，而是寻找表达事物的适当方式。
翻译始终立足于语义，也就是说，是语义从源语到译语的转换，而不是形式。
）这说明了翻译是语义的翻译，不是语言形式的翻译，是运用另一种语言的适当方式来表达一种语言所表达的内容，而不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言中含义相似的某些词语或结构。
翻译必须跳出原文语言层面的束缚，必须着眼于传达原文的内容和意义。
换句话说，翻译的基本单位应该是语篇，而不是词语结构。
根据系统功能语言学家的观点，语言的实际使用单位是语篇这样的言语单位，而不是词语结构这样的语法单位。
实际使用的语篇有可能是一个句子、一个句段、一个句群，也有可能是一个词语。
翻译作为语言交际的一种形式，其实质是用一种语言的语篇材料代替另一种语言与其意义对等的语篇材料。
翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容和意义准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。
II. 课堂练习（分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子，并比较翻译中的感觉和译文的效果）：1. It's more a poem than a picture.2. He drank himself out of the best lines.3. He pretends to be as modest as anything.4. Fire goes wherever it can, but it prefers to follow a draft.5. The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it.6. Taking care to pitch my voice to politeness, I asked about the nextbus to Hattiesburg.7. If you feel depressed at a social gathering, keep it a secret.8. The bacteria pneumonia may complicate influenza at both extremesof age.III. 课堂练习参考译文：1. 与其说那是一幅画，不如说那是一首诗。
2. 他借酒写得好诗句。
3. 他装得极为谦虚。
4. 火是无孔不入的，可是它更爱窜入通风的地方。
5. 循声而去，便轻而易举地找到了那间屋子。
6. 我陪着小心，用温和的口吻询问开往哈蒂斯堡下一斑车的情况。
7. 在社交场合，你就是感到情绪压抑，也不要表露出来。
8. 患有流感的幼儿和老人可能并发细菌性肺炎。
IV. 课外练习（分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子，并比较翻译中的感觉和译文的效果）：1. He wants a lawyer who understands his case, who sympathizes withhim and who has been there himself.。
2. World-famous for his works he was never personally well known,for throughout his life he avoided publicity.。
3. While you are in the act of summoning your energies, focus on aplan. Don't exhaust yourself with fruitless excursions into any and allpossibilities.4. A book may be compared to your neighbor: if it is bad, it can not lasttoo long; if good you can not get rid of it too early.5. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given theNegro people a bad check -- a check which has come back marked"insufficient funds".6. A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, withwhom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon.7. To petrol we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replacedthe private carriage drawn by the horse. To petrol we owe the possibility of flying.8. Because of limited insurance coverage, many people will have tolook to their own resources -- both emotional and financial -- to care for an infirm or recovering relative at home.9. During the last six years, 44 of 60 scholarship winners have been thechildren of foreigners. the talent search, certainly in this decade, is a tribute as much to immigration as to education.10. The new architectural styles have become powerful image makersoverseas. Two stunning arrivals now gracing Hong Kong's crowded skyline-- the privately-owned Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank building and Bank of China's headquarters -- stand as monuments to the rival economic interests, cultures and ideologies that define the city.。