轻松搞定ACT,SAT2,AP!数理化学科必考英文词汇汇总解读
ACT考试数学部分相关词汇
ACT考试数学部分相关词汇ACT考试数学部分，对中国考生来讲，拼的是细心、细致和全面。
很大程度上，体现在同学们对单词的掌握上。
所以这样一份ACT数学部分超长单词总结贴，有什么理由不收藏学习、奔走相告呢!✿所有的角alternate angle 内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle 对顶角central angle 圆心角interior angle 内角exterior angle 外角supplementary angles 补角complementary angle 余角adjacent angle 邻角acute angle 锐角obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角round angle 周角straight angle 平角included angle 夹角✿所有的三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形 right triangle 直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribed triangle 内接三角形✿有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外 semicircle 半圆concentric circles 同心圆 quadrilateral 四边形pentagon 五边形hexagon 六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形polygon 多边形parallelogram 平行四边形equilateral 等边形plane 平面square 正方形，平方rectangle 长方形regular polygon 正多边形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形✿其它平面图形arc 弧line, straight line 直线line segment 线段parallel lines 平行线segment of a circle 弧形5.有关立体图形cube 立方体，立方数rectangular solid 长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体cone 圆锥sphere 球体solid 立体的✿有关图形上的附属物altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference, perimeter 周长radian 弧度surface area 表面积 volume 体积arm 直角三角形的股cross section 横截面 center of a circle 圆心chord 弦radius 半径angle bisector 角平分线diagonal 对角线diameter 直径edge 棱face of a solid 立体的面hypotenuse 斜边included side 夹边leg 三角形的直角边median of a triangle 三角形的中线base 底边，底数(e.g. 2的5次方，2就是底数) opposite 直角三角形中的对边midpoint 中点endpoint 端点vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点tangent 切线的transversal 截线intercept 截距✿解析几何部分有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系origin 原点abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标number line 数轴quadrant 象限slope 斜率complex plane 复平面Coordinate 坐标其它plane geometry 平面几何trigonometry 三角学bisect 平分circumscribe 外切inscribe 内切intersect 相交perpendicular 垂直Pythagorean theorem 勾股定理congruent 全等的multilateral 多边的✿单位类cent 美分penny 一美分硬币nickel 5美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen 打(12个)score 廿(20个)Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏quart 夸脱gallon 加仑(1 gallon = 4 quart)yard 码meter 米micron 微米inch 英寸1foot英尺=12英寸minute 分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度) square measure 平方单位制cubic meter 立方米pint 品脱(干量或液量的单位)✿有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year) 闰年(366天) common year 平年(365天) depreciation 折旧down payment 直接付款discount 打折margin 利润profit 利润interest 利息simple interest 单利compounded interest 复利dividend 红利decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了increase to 增加到increase by 增加了denote 表示list price 标价markup 涨价per capita 每人ratio 比率retail price 零售价tie 打平。
SAT2考试必备
SAT2考试必备:北美高中生需要掌握的数学知识点小编为大家带来SAT2考试必备:北美高中生需要掌握的数学知识点，希望对你有所帮助，更多资讯请访问三立在线。
Number and Operations 算术和数论Operations, ratio and proportion, complex numbers, counting, elementary number theory, matrices, sequences, series, vectors运算法则、比例、复数、计数原理、初级数论、矩阵、数列、级数以及向量Algebra and Functions 代数和函数Expressions, equations, inequalities, representation and modeling, properties of functions (linear, polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, periodic, piecewise, recursive, parametric)表达式、方程、不等式、建模、函数性质(包括一次函数、多项式、有理函数、指数函数、对数函数、三角函数、三角函数反函数、周期函数、分段函数、递归函数以及参数函数) Plane Euclidean/Measurement 平面几何和测量Coordinate解析几何Lines, parabolas, circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, symmetry, transformations, polar coordinates线、抛物线、圆、椭圆、双曲线、对称、图形变换以及极坐标Three-dimensional立体几何Solids, surface area and volume (cylinders, cones, pyramids, spheres, prisms), coordinates in three dimensions立方体表面积体积(包含圆柱体、圆锥、棱锥、球和棱柱)以及立体空间的解析几何Trigonometry三角函数Right triangles, identities, radian measure, law of cosines, law of sines, equations, double angle formulas直角三角形、恒等式、弧度、正弦定理、余弦定理、方程以及倍角公式Data Analysis, Statisticsand Probability数据分析、统计和概率Mean, median, mode, range,interquartile range, standard deviation, graphs and plots, leastsquares regression (linear, quadratic, exponential), probability 平均数、中位数、众数、极差、四分位距、标准差、统计各种图表、最小二乘回归(包括线性、二次和指数)以及概率。
ACT、SAT、TOEFL、TWE、GRE、GMAT、LSAT考试详解
ACT、SAT、TOEFL、TWE、GRE、GMAT、LSAT考试详解一、ACT考试（American College Test）ＡＣＴ考试与ＳＡＴ考试均被称为“美国高考”，它们既是美国大学的入学条件之一，又是大学发放奖学金的主要依据之一及对学生综合能力的测试标准。
和SAT不同，ACT考试更像一种学科考试，它更强调考生对课程知识的掌握，同时也考虑到了对考生独立思考和判断能力的测试。
从难度上看，ACT考试比SAT更容易一些，尤其对中国的考生来说，选择ACT考试可能更容易在短期内获得相对满意的成绩。
ACT考试包括英语，数学，阅读，科学四个部分，其中阅读包括社会科学，自然科学，人类科学的内容，科学部分包括生物科学，物理，化学，地球科学的内容。
为什么高中生留学要考ACT？在美国，ACT和SA T都作为大学录取新生的重要依据而颇受高中生重视。
如果高中生要申请美国前５０位的顶尖大学，除了要求学生提供托福成绩或者雅思成绩等语言考试成绩外，９０％以上的美国顶尖名校会要求参考学生的ＳＡＴ或ＡＣＴ成绩，而且成绩的高低是决定学生能否得到奖学金的重要参考。
在过去，由于SAT设立时间早，在美国被稍多的大学认可，而ACT主要在美国中西部的大学中流行。
但是，近年来，高速发展的ACT考试已经在美国著名高校中获得承认，其中也包括哈佛、耶鲁这样的顶级名校。
在哈佛大学2004年入学的新生中，递交ACT考分的申请者占1/5，这个比例和五年前是相近的。
但是ACT和SAT考试所影响的地域已经开始模糊化了。
“我们是完全以同等的姿态接受ACT和SAT考试分数的，”哈佛大学的入学主管William Fitzsimmons 明确表示。
由此可见，ACT考试正在逐渐得到美国大学的青睐。
二、SAT考试-留美本科的敲门砖美国没有国家统一的大学入学考试。
由"教育考试服务社"（Educational Testing Service）主持的"学术水平测验考试"（Scholistic Assessment Test,SAT）被多数大学用做比较不同地区、不同高中、不同评分制度的标准。
数理化学科必考英文词汇汇总(数学篇)
三立教育数理化学科必考英文词汇汇总（数学篇）词汇释义assume that假设approximation近似，近似值absolute value绝对值acute锐（角）adjacent angle邻角alternate angles内错角angle角area面积arithmetic sequence等差数列assumption假设asymptote渐近线at random随机地average平均的axis轴base底面，底数be inscribed in内接于binomial二项式circle圆circumference周长clockwise顺时针的common difference(等差数列的)公差common divisor公约数common ratio(等比数列的)公比common multiple公倍数composite number合数cone圆锥congruent全等的constant不变的；常数coordinate坐标cube 立方体cube root立方根cylinder圆柱体decimal小数diagonal对角线digit数字，位divide除divisible可整除的domain定义域eccentricity离心率elipse椭圆equilateral 等边的even偶的expotent指数fraction分数function函数geometric sequence等比数列hyperbola双曲线inequality不等式infinite无穷的integer整数intercept截距interior angle内角intersect相交irrational number无理数isosceles等腰的major axis 长轴mean平均数median中数minor axis短轴minus减mode众数multiply乘negative 负的number line数轴obtuse钝（角）odd奇的origin of coordinates原点parallel平行的parallelogram平行四边形perimeter周长perpendicular垂直的plus加polynomial 多项式positive正的prime number质数probability概率product积proportion比例quadruple四倍的quotient商radian弧度radius半径range值域rational number有理数reciprocal倒数rectangle矩形right直(角）scalene不等边的，不等边三角形section 截面sector扇形segment线段similar相似的slope斜率sphere球体square正方形square root平方根standard deviation标准差sum和tangent相切term项translate 移动trapezoid梯形triangle三角形triple三倍value值vector矢量vertex顶点。
SAT2数理化精华
数理化，相信会有点用……CHEMISTRYPrefix Power Meaning Examples of measurements nano (n) 10-9one-billionth nanometer (nm): wavelength of light micro (m) 10-6one-millionth micrometer (mm): width of a hairmilli (m) 10-3one-thousandth milliliter (mL): volume of acid in burette centi (c) 10-2one-hundredth centimeter (cm): length of paperdeci (d) 10-1one-tenth deciliter (dL): amount of liquidkilo (k) 103one thousand times kilogram (kg): your weight1 gallon equals 4 quarts, 12 inches equals 1 foot,Nomenclature系统命名法binary ionic compounds二元离子化合物Ammonium ion NH4+Acetate ion C2H3O2-Cyanide ion CN-Hydroxide ion OH-Nitrate ion NO3-Chlorate ion ClO3-Sulfate ion SO42-Carbonate ion CO32-Phosphate ion PO43-HCO3-is called either the bicarbonate ion or the hydrogen carbonate ionHPO42-and H2PO4-.These are named hydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate,When the acid has only an element following the H, use the prefix hydro-, followed by the element’s root name and an -ic ending.hydrocyanic acid.HCNIf the acid has an -ate polyatomic ion after the H, that makes it an -ic acid. H2SO4 is sulfuric acid. When the acid has an -ite polyatomic ion after the H, that makes it an -ous acidMe eat peanut b utter.‖ This cor responds to meth-, eth-, prop-, and but-, which correspond to one, two, three, and four carbons, respectively.∙-ane = alkane (all single bonds and saturated); C n H2n+2; saturated: it contains the maximum number of H’s∙-ene = alkene (contains double bond, unsaturated); C n H2n∙-yne = alkyne (contains triple bond, unsaturated); C n H2n-2; polyunsaturated: it contains more than one double or triple bondNaming positive ions (usually metals)∙Monatomic, metal, cation: simply the name of the metal from which it is derived. Al3+ is the aluminum ion (these are often referred to as group A metals).∙Transition metals form more than one ion; Roman numerals (in parentheses) follow the ion’s name. Cu2+ is copper (II) ion. Exception: mercury (I) is Hg22+, that is, two Hg+bonded together covalently.∙NH4+is ammonium.∙Roman numerals are not usually written with silver, cadmium, and zinc银镉锌. Arrange their symbols in alphabetical order—the first one is 1+ and the other two are 2+.Naming negative ions (usually nonmetals or polyatomic ions)∙Monatomic, nonmetal, anion: add the suffix -ide to the stem of the nonmetal’s name.Halogens are called the halides. Cl- is the chloride ion.∙Polyatomic anion: you must memorize the polyatomic ion’s name. NO2-is the nitrite ion. Naming Binary Molecular Compoundsa molecular compound? a combination of nonmetals, both of which lie near each other on the periodic table. Use the following set of prefixes, and don’t forget the -ide ending to the name.Subscript Prefix1 mono- (usually used only on the second element, such as carbon monoxide ornitrogen monoxide)2 di-3 tri-4 tetra-5 penta-6 hexa-7 hepta-8 octa-9 nona-10 deca-butane丁烷C4H10propane丙烷C3H8∙1–4 carbons tend to be gases at room temperature; butane and propane are among the lightest hydrocarbons and are used for fuel∙5–10 carbons tend to be in the liquid state at room temperature; compounds that fall in this size range are used to make gasoline and solvents∙12–18 carbons make up jet fuels and kerosene煤油∙More than 18 carbons tend to be solids at room temperaturepolymer聚合物monomer单体Amino acids氨基酸polypeptide 多肽Starch淀粉Polyethylene聚乙烯Polypropylene聚丙烯Polyethylene—Many ethenes strung together with covalent bonds (ethylene is another name for ethene); shopping bags and plastic bottles are made of polyethylene.∙Polypropylene—Many propenes strung together; glues and carpets∙Polystyrene聚苯乙烯—A clear, hard, brittle polymer used in CD cases; if you blow carbon dioxide into it during manufacture and you get the soft, opaque, foamy polymerused in a coffee cup.Functional Groups官能团Hydroxyl group, —OHCarboxylic acid group, —COOHtrichloroethanoic acid三氯乙醇酸Amine group, –NH2Isomer同分异构体substitution reaction取代反应addition reaction加成反应muriatic acid (HCl)Brass: copper and zincSterling silver: silver and copperSteel: iron and carbonBronze: copper, tin, and other metalsPewter白蜡: mixture of tin, copper, bismuth, and antimonywooden splint小木条burning splint燃着的木条colorless, odorless无色无味fire extinguisher灭火器Chlorofluorocarbons, or CFC氟氯化碳stratosphere平流层moisture湿度Rules for Basic Laboratory SafetySafety goggles must be worn at all times in the laboratory.No eating or drinking in the laboratory.Never taste or touch the laboratory chemicals.Always wash your hands before leaving the laboratory.Wear proper clothing—safety glasses, closed-toed shoes, and an apron; tie long hair back and remove all jewelry.Always follow the written directions, and never perform an unauthorized experiment. Always add acid to water. This prevents the acid from spattering.Point heating test tubes away from others and yourself, and heat them slowly.Never return unused chemicals to their original containers. This prevents contamination. Always use a pipette bulb or a pipetter to transfer when using a pipette吸液管.Never use your mouth.Always use a fume hood when working with toxic substances. Never inhale fumes directly. Never use an open flame near flammable liquids.Dispose of chemicals in the designated disposal site—not in the sink or trash can.fume hood 通风橱Common Laboratory Equipmentwhen obtaining the mass of solid chemicals, always use some type of weighing paper to protect the pan of the balance.Burette量滴管tube for measuring liquid:a glass tube with measurements marked on the side and a stopcock at the bottom. Use: in laboratories to release an accurately measured quantity of liquid.beakers are not accurate measuring instrumentsRemember always to take measurements of liquids from the bottom of the meniscusfiltrate滤出液颜色反应Ion Flame colorLi+, Sr2+, Ca2+RedNa+YellowK+Purple (pink)Ba2+Light greenCu2+Blue-greenFe3+GoldIon Solution colorCu2+BlueFe3+Yellow to orange (rusty)Ni2+GreenPurpleYellowOrange色谱法Chromatographygraduated cylinder量筒A titration (also called volumetric analysis) is a laboratory procedure that usually involves either an acid and base neutralization reaction or a redox reactionThe burette must be rinsed 润湿with the solution to be placed in it before filling.The equivalence point is the point in the reaction where enough titrant has been added to completely neutralize the solution being analyzed.The end point is the point during the titration where the indicator changes color. It is important to choose an indicator that has an end point that is at the same pH as your expected equivalence point. titrant滴定剂coffee-cup calorimeterThe sum of all of the potential and kinetic energy in a system is known as the internal energy of the system.Potential energy, in chemical terms, is the energy stored in chemical bonds.Enthalpy焓the change in enthalpy of the system, D H∙Enthalpy of reaction (D H rxn)—The amount of heat absorbed or released by the chemical reaction∙Enthalpy of combustion (D H comb)—The amount of heat absorbed or released by combustion (burning; usually in the presence of O2)∙Enthalpy of formation(D H f)—The amount of heat absorbed or released when 1 mole ofa compound is formed from elements in their standard states∙Enthalpy of fusion(D H fus)—The amount of heat that must be absorbed to melt 1 mole of solid to liquid at the normal melting point∙Enthalpy of vaporization(D H vap)—The amount of heat that must be absorbed to change1 mole of liquid to gas at the normal boiling pointenthalpy is a state function, meaning that its value is fixed when temperature, pressure, composition, and physical form are specifiedEntropy (D S)熵pellets硬丸A calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1.00 gram of water by 1.00ºC, and joules are the SI units for energy; 1 calorie = 4.184 joules.molar heat capacity (J/mol-K or J/mol-ºC)specific heat (J/g-K).q = mC p D Twhereq = quantity of heat (joules or calories)m = mass in gramsD T = T f - T i (final – initial)C p = specific heat capacity (J/g ºC)the specific heat of liquid water is 4.184 J/g ºC (or 1.00 cal/g ºC), which is unusually high (this is due to hydrogen bonding).D H = H final - H initialAll diatomic molecules are assigned zeros for the same reason, they are in the free state葡萄糖glucoseD H = bonds broken - bonds formedThe third law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of a perfect crystal at 0K is zerowe can calculate the entropy of any substance that’s at a temperature higher than 0KThe greater the disorder or randomness in a system, the larger the entropy.The entropy of a substance always increases as it changes state from solid to liquid to gas.When a pure solid or liquid dissolves in a solvent, the entropy of the substance increases.When a gas molecule escapes from a solvent, there is an increase in entropy.Entropy generally increases with increasing molecular complexity.Reactions that increase the number of moles of particles often increase the entropy of the system.The units of entropy（s）are J/K. The higher the S value, the more disordered the system, so a positive (+) S value is more disordered, and a –S value is less disordered.Gibb’s Free Energy吉普斯自由能DG = D H - TD SIf G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction.If G is equal to zero, the reaction is at equilibrium.If G is positive, then the reaction is nonspontaneous in the forward direction, but the reverse reaction will be spontaneous.for elements at standard state (pure elements at 25ºC and 1 atm are assigned a value of zero).During a phase change, equilibrium exists between phases, so if the G is zeroThe units for DG are the same as the units as for enthalpy: J/K.Standard state(25ºC and 1 atm)STP(0ºC and 1 atm)factors that influence reaction rate again:Concentration of the reactantsTemperature (It’s a general rule of thumb that a 10˚C increase in temperature will double the reaction rate.)Presence of a catalystPhysical state of the reactantsactivation energy活化能The activation energy is defined as the minimum energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction, and it is symbolized by E a.At the peak of the activation energy hump, the reactants are in the transition state, halfway between being reactants and forming products. This state is also known as an activated complex.活化复合物K c symbolizes the equilibrium constant in an aqueous solution, K p symbolizes the partial pressures of gases in equilibrium, and K sp symbolizes the solubility product of solids classified as insoluble. K > 1 means that the reaction favors the products at equilibrium, while a K < 1 means that the reaction favors the reactants at equilibriumPure solids do not appear in the equilibrium expression.Pure liquids do not appear in the equilibrium expression.Water, either as a liquid or solid, does not appear in the equilibrium expression.When a reactant or product is preceded by a coefficient, its concentration is raised to thepower of that coefficient in the K eq expression.When the K eq of a reaction has been multiplied by a number, the K is raised to the power of the multiplication factor (K n) ( so if it has been multiplied by 2, K is squared, if it has been multiplied by 3, K is cubed, and so on. )The K eq of a reaction occurring in the reverse direction is simply the inverse of the K eq of the reaction occurring in the forward direction (1/K eq).The K eq of a net reaction that has two or more steps is found by the product of the K eq s for each of the steps: K s = (K1K2K3 . . .).forward direction正反应方向reverse directionThe activation energy is the energy that must be overcome for the reaction to proceed. Also remember that for a reaction to occur, the collisions between molecules must be sufficiently energetic and of the proper geometric orientation.（Two conditions must be met in order for a chemical reaction to occur. First of all, the molecules must collide with sufficient energy, and second, the molecules must collide with such an orientation that the product bonds can be formed.）Stoichiometry化学计量学Formula weight（amu）molar mass（g）empirical formula实验式经验式propane丙烷Baking soda (NaHCO3)antacid解酸剂The limiting reactant or reagent is the one that is consumed first in the chemical reaction, and its consumption halts the progress of the forward reaction.The theoretical yield of a reaction is the amount of product formed once the limiting reactant has been completely consumed. This assumes perfect conditions and gives a maximum amount. The actual yield is what actually occurs in the course of the reaction—how much product is actually formed. Finally, the percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yieldsodium bromide NaBraluminum sulfate AlSO4elements or compounds单质化合物Single replacement or displacement reaction置换Double replacement or displacement reaction复分解precipitate 沉淀Combustion reaction燃烧反应(Bunsen burner reaction):CH4(g) + 2O2(g)CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)Hydrolysis reaction水解反应spectator ions旁观离子Most alkali metal compounds and compounds are soluble.Cl-, Br-, I- compounds are soluble, except when they contain Ag+, , or Pb2+.F- compounds are soluble, except when they contain group 2A metals., , , and CH3COO- compounds are soluble.compounds are soluble, except when they include Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ag+, Pb2+, or ., , , , S2-, OH-, and O2- compounds are insoluble.Group 2A metal oxides are classified as strong bases even though they are not very soluble.Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or Fr,solublecompletely ionize: HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4,All other acids are weak and are written together, as molecules.halide卤化物potassium iodide KIhydronium (H3O+)monoprotic一元酸diproticpolyproticamphiproticAll acids have a conjugate base, which is formed when their proton has been donated; likewise, all bases have a conjugate acid, formed after they have accepted a proton.A strong acid or base dissociates or ionizes completely in aqueous solution. A weak acid or basedoes not completely ionize.∙Hydrohalic acids: HCl, HBr, HI∙Nitric acid: HNO3∙Sulfuric acid: H2SO4∙Perchloric acid: HClO4In general, the greater the number of oxygen atoms in a polyatomic ion, the stronger the acid.hydroxides (—OH), oxides of 1A and 2A metals (except Mg and Be), H-, and strongbasethe stronger the acid, the weaker its conjugate base, and the converse is also true. autoionization:自电离2H2O H3O+ + OH-ion-product constant,离子积常数is 110-14Redox 氧化还原oxidation-reduction reactionElectrochemistry电化学Oxidizing agent (OA)氧化剂Reducing agent (RA)Oxidation number: The assigned charge on an atom价态Half-reaction半反应An equation that shows either oxidation or reduction alone.peroxide过氧化物in metal hydrides, H has an oxidation state of -1.The half-reaction would look like this: Zn0Zn2+ + 2e-V oltaic (or Galvanic) Cells伏打电池anode阳极cathode阴极salt bridge盐桥it may be filled with agar, which contains a neutral salt, or be replaced with a porous cup.electron flow always occurs from anode to cathodeelectrode电极Each half-cell has a known potential, called its standard reduction potential(Eº).The cell potential is a measure of the difference between the two electrode potentials, and the potential at each electrode is calculated as the potential for reduction at the electrode. That’s why they’re standard reduction potentials, not standard oxidation potentials.、On this reduction potential chart, the elements that have the most positive reduction potentials are easily reduced and would be good oxidizing agentsElectrolytic Cells电解池electroplating电镀the voltaic cell is a battery, the electrolytic cell needs a battery.Also unlike voltaic cells, which are made up of two containers, electrolytic cells have just one container.However, like in voltaic cells, in electrolytic cells electrons still flow from the anode to the cathode.phosphoric acid H3PO4iron (III) nitrate Fe(NO3)3Equimolar solutions等摩尔溶液a strong Brønsted-Lowry acid will not be a strong Brønsted-Lowry base.The flow of electrons from anode to cathode takes place through a wire, not the salt bridge. The salt bridge is present in order to retain electrical neutrality in the cells.diatomic molecule二原子分子tetrahedral 5trigonal pyramid4monoprotic acid单质子酸titration滴定concentration浓度nuclei原子核isotopes同位素one atomic mass unit is equal to amu=1.6605410-24 g.A neutron is composed of a proton and an electron fused togetherPositron emission正电子放射cascade radioactive series.放射性系列fusion聚变fission裂变bombard轰击quanta量子photon光量子electromagnetic radiation电磁辐射ground state基态excited state激发态uncertainty principle不确定性关系quantum numbers量子数if the value of l is 0, it is expressed as s; if l = 1 = p, l = 2 = d, and l = 3 = f.azimuthal quantum number 角量子数ml from -l through 0 to lms -+1/2Pauli exclusion principle, no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.Hund’s rule洪特法则the most stable arrangement of electrons is that which allows themaximum number of unpaired electrons.The day of the test, as soon as you get your periodic table (which comes in the test booklet), label the rows as shown in the art above. The number at the top of each of the rows (i.e., 1A, 2A, etc.) will tell you how many valence electrons each element in that particular row has, which will be very helpful in determining Lewis dot structures.Orbital notation轨道式metalloid类金属cation阳离子actinides锕系元素lanthanides镧系Uranium is the last naturally occurring element; the rest are man-made.Alkaline earth metals used in batteriesradii半径effective nuclear charge of the atom (Z eff)有级效核电荷anion阴离子isoelectronic等电子体Ionization Energy (IE)The ionization energy of an atom is the energy required to remove an electron from the atom in the gas phaseWhich of the following elements has the highest ionization energy: K, Ca, Ga, As, or Se?Asthere is a drop in IE in spite of increasing Z eff due to the increased electron-electron repulsion inthe family that contains oxygen, since they are np4.electron affinity电子亲和势is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to the atom in its gaseous stateMost often, energy is released as an electron is added to an atom, and the greater the attraction between the atom and the electron added, the more negative the atom’s electron affinity.Electron affinities do not change very much as you go down a groupElectronegativity电负性octet rule八隅规律table salt食盐We say that covalent bonds are nonpolar if the electronegativity difference between the two atoms involved falls between 0 and 0.4double bonds are shorter than single bonds and triple bonds are shortest of all.if the central atom is from the third or higher period, it can accommodate more than four electron pairs since it has d orbitals in which to place them.form double bonds: only C, N, O, P, Sozone臭氧Resonance structurestrigonal pyramidal三角锥sp3d hybridizationtrigonal bipyramidaloctahedral moleculeDipoles are molecules that have a slightly positive charge on one end and a slightly negative charge on the otherthere is an optimum distance, the observed bond distance, at which the total energy is at a minimum.sigma (s) bonds are single bonds. They result from the overlap of two s orbitals, an s and a p orbital, or two head-to-head p orbitals.sulfur hexafluoride SF6In general, the ionization energy increases with increasing Z eff, and the same is true for second ionization energies.dipole-dipole force取向力Dipole-dipole attractions take place when two or more neutral, polar molecules are oriented such that their positive (+) and negative (-) ends are close to each other.London dispersion forces分散力London forces are relatively weak forces of attraction that exist between nonpolar molecules and noble gas atomsoctane c8h18instantaneous dipole formationpolarizability极化率This means that larger nonpolar molecules tend to have stronger London dispersion forces Crystalline solids are those in which the atoms, ions, or molecules that make up the solid exist in a regular, well-defined arrangementunit cell晶胞Amorphous solids do no t have much order in their structuressucrose蔗糖Covalent-network (also called atomic) solids原子晶体graphite石墨fullerenes富勒烯heat of fusion (symbolized H fus) kJ/molPoint X represents the critical point, and at the critical point and beyond, the substance is forever in the vapor phase.Water and other liquids that have low vapor pressures are said to be nonvolatilerubbing alcohol外用酒精dashed line虚线Gases are often discussed in terms of standard temperature and pressure (STP), which means 273K (or 0ºC) and 1 atm.760 mmHg760 torr1.00 atm101,325 Pa101.325 kPabarometer气压计Gas pressure = atmospheric pressure - h (height of the mercury)open-tube manometerclosed-tube manometer the difference in mercury levels (in mmHg) is equal to the pressure in torrBoyle’s lawP1V1 = P2V2Keep in mind that you must use only the Kelvin temperature scale when working with temperature in all gas law formulasCharles’s law that you should memorize:Avogadro’s law Equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. 气体同温同压V1/V2=n1/n2PV = nRTwhere P = pressure (atm), V = volume (L), n = number of moles (mol),R = 0.08206L · atm/mol · K, and T = temperature (K).To calculate the density of a gas at standard temperature and pressure, you take the molecular formula weight of the gas (grams per mole—from the periodic table) and divide that by the standard molar volume for a gas, which is 22.4 L per mole:If conditions are not standard, we can use this expanded version of the ideal gas equation:Another really handy rearrangement of the ideal gas equation can be used to find the molecularweight of an unknown gasDalton’s Law of Partial Pressures P total = P1 + P2 + . . . P nGraham’s Law of Diffusion and Effusion Rate比=M反比的平方Graham’s law states that the rates of effusion of two gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molar masses at the same temperature and pressureThe general rule of thumb for solutions is the idea that like dissolves like . Polar, ionic substances are soluble in polar solvents, while nonpolar solutes are soluble in nonpolar solvents. carbon tetrachlorideCCL4 colloid 胶体100 to 1000 nm Suspension 悬浊液The process of expansion, for both the solute and solvent, involves a change in the energy of the system: this process can be either exothermic or endothermic.The separation of the solute particles from one another prior to dissolving is an endothermic process for both solvent and solute (steps 1 and 2), but when the solute and solvent combine with each other, this is anexothermic process (step 3). If the energy released in step 3 is greater than the energy absorbed in steps 1 and 2（net exothermic ）, the solution forms and is stable .After dissolving, the solute is said to be fully solvated (usually by dipole-dipole or ion-dipole forces )or hydratedThe more concentrated solution before the dilution is performed is known as the stock solution.The molality of a solution is a measure of the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.(mole/solvent's kg ) sodium hydroxide (NaOH)Certain solutions are capable of conducting an electric current and these solutions are referred to as electrolytes:acids, bases, and saltshydrochloric acid HCL and acetic acidHAC barium chlorideBaCL2colligative properties 依数性Properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles present per solvent molecule are called colligative properties including its freezing point, boiling point, and vapor pressure.D T f = K fm soluteiwhereD T f = the change in freezing pointK f = molal freezing point depression constant for the substance (for water = 1.86ºC/m)m = molality of the solutioni = number of ions in solution (this is equal to 1 for covalent compounds and is equal to the number of ions in solution for ionic compounds)atmospheric pressure大气压D T b = K b m solute iwhereK b= molal boiling point elevation constant (for water = 0.51˚C/m)Vapor pressure down, freezing point depression and boiling point elevation.distilled water蒸馏水In group 2A, only barium, strontium, and calcium hydroxides are considered to be strong(Ba Sr Ca)Alpha particles are the least penetrating form of radiation: these particles can be stopped by paper, skin, and clothing.α<β<γ穿透性Leakage泄漏As you move across a period on the periodic table, the atoms do not have an increased number of principal energy levels; therefore shielding stays constant.石油提取物是什么？沥青,燃料油,石蜡,润滑油--->重油--->柴油-->煤油--->汽油--->石油气Gases are often discussed in terms of standard temperature and pressure (STP), which means 273K (or 0ºC) and 1 atm.Boyle’s LawP1V1 = P2V2Charles’s LawAs the temperature of the gas increases, the gas molecules will begin to move around more quickly and hit the walls of their container with more force—thus the volume will increase.larger nonpolar molecules tend to have stronger London dispersion forces.Larger molecules have more electrons that can polarize; thus they have a greater chance for more attractive forces.Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element or isotope into another, which occurs through nuclear reactions. Natural transmutation occurs when radioactive elements spontaneously decay over a long period of time and transform into other more stable elements. Artificial transmutation occurs in machinery that has enough energy to cause changes in the nuclear structure of the elements. Machines that can cause artificial transmutation include particle accelerators and tokamak reactors as well as conventional fission power reactors. Nuclear transmutation is considered as a possible mechanism for reducing the volume and hazard of radioactive waste.The strength of the acid formed when each of these hydrogen halides is dissolved in water is dependent on the size of the molecule and the strength of the bond in the molecule.Fe(NO3)3 is an acidic salt. In order to be neutral, the salt must have been formed from a strong acid and a strong base (or from a weak acid/base that have the same K a/K b values). Since you know that nitric acid is a strong acid and Fe(OH)3 is not a very soluble hydroxide (it is a weak base), the resulting salt must be acidic.Alpha particles are the least penetrating form of radiation: these particles can be stopped by paper, skin, and clothing.Shieldingtransmutation decayElectronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons when a chemical bond is formed.Electron affinity is the attraction that an atom has for electrons。
SAT2物理考试常用术语词汇总结
SAT2物理考试常用术语词汇总结SAT2物理考试常用术语词汇总结。
本文中为考生们汇总了SAT2物理常用术语的C字词汇的相关知识，希望对考生们有帮助。
CalorieThe amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. 1 cal = 4.19 J.CelsiusA scale for measuring temperature, defined such that water freezes at 0ºC and boils at 100ºC. 0ºC = 273 K.Center of curvatureWith spherical mirrors, the center of the sphere of which the mirror is a part. All of the normals pass through it.Center of massGiven the trajectory of an object or system, the center of mass is the point that has the same acceleration as the object or system as a whole would have if its mass were concentrated at that point. In terms of force, the center of mass is the point at which a given net force acting on a system will produce the same acceleration as if the system’s mass were concentrated at that point.Centripetal accelerationThe acceleration of a body experiencing uniform circular motion. This acceleration is always directed toward the center of the circle.Centripetal forceThe force necessary to maintain a body in uniform circular motion. This force is always directed radially toward the center of the circle.Chain reactionThe particles and energy released by the fission or fusion of one atom may trigger the fission or fusion of further atoms. In a chain reaction, fission or fusion is rapidly transferred to a large number of atoms, releasing tremendous amounts of energy.Charles’s LawFor a gas held at constant pressure, temperature and volume are directly proportional.Coefficient of kinetic frictionThe coefficient of kinetic friction, , for two materials is the constant of proportionality between the normal force and the force of kinetic friction. It is always a number between zero and one.Coefficient of linear expansionA coefficient that tells how much a material will expand or contract lengthwise when it is heated or cooled.Coefficient of static frictionThe coefficient of static friction, for two materials is the constant of proportionality between the normal force and the maximum force of static friction. It is always a number between zero and one.Coefficient of volume expansionA coefficient that tells how much the volume of a solid will change when it is heated or cooled.Coherent lightLight such that all of the associated waves have the same wavelength and are in phase.CollisionWhen objects collide, each object feels a force for a short amount of time. This force imparts an impulse, or changes the momentum of each of the colliding objects. The momentum of a system is conserved in all kinds of collisions. Kinetic energy is conserved in elastic collisions, but not in inelastic collisions. In a perfectly inelastic collision, the colliding objects stick together after they collide.Completely inelastic collisionA collision in which the colliding particles stick together.ComponentAny vector can be expressed as the sum of two mutually perpendicular component vectors. Usually, but not always, these components are multiples of the basis vectors, and ; that is, vectors along the x-axis and y-axis. We define these two vectors as the x- and y-components of the vector.CompressionAn area of high air pressure that acts as the wave crest for sound waves. The spacing between successive compressions is the wavelength of sound, and the number of successive areas ofcompression that arrive at the ear per second is the frequency, or pitch, of the sound.Concave lensAlso called a diverging lens, a lens that is thinner in the middle than at the edges. Concave lenses refract light away from a focal point.Concave mirrorA mirror that is curved such that its center is farther from the viewer than the edges, such as the front of a spoon. Concave mirrors reflect light through a focal point.ConductionHeat transfer by molecular collisions.Conservation of Angular MomentumIf the net torque acting on a rigid body is zero, then the angular momentum of the body is constant or conserved.Conservation of momentumThe principle stating that for any isolated system, linear momentum is constant with time.Constant of proportionalityA constant in the numerator of a formula.Constructive interferenceThe amplification of one wave by another, identical wave of the same sign. Two constructively interfering waves are said to be “in phase.”ConvectionHeat transfer via the mass movement of molecules.Convex lensAlso called a converging lens, a lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges. Convex lenses refract light through a focal point.Convex mirrorA mirror that is curved such that its center is closer to the viewer than the edges, such as a doorknob. Convex mirrors reflect light away from a focal point.CosineThe cosine of an angle in a right triangle is equal to the length of the side adjacent to the angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse.CrestThe points of maximum displacement along a wave. In traveling waves, the crests move in the direction of propagation of the wave. The crests of standing waves, also called anti-nodes, remain in one place.Critical angleFor two given media, the smallest angle of incidence at which total internal reflection occurs.Cross productA form of vector multiplication, where two vectors are multiplied to produce a third vector. The cross product of two vectors, A and B, separated by an angle, , is , where is a unit vector perpendicular to both A and B. To deine which direction points, you must use the right-hand rule.CycleIn oscillation, a cycle occurs when an object undergoing oscillatory motion completes a “round-trip.” For instance, a pendulum bob released at angle has completed one cycle when it swings to and then back to again. In period motion, a cycle is the sequence through which a system once during each oscil-lation. A cycle can consist of one trip up and down for a piece of stretched string, or of a compression followed by a rarefaction of air pressure for sound waves.以上就是为考生们介绍的SAT2物理词汇的汇总，供考生们参考。
AP SAT2 化学重点英文词汇
化合：chemical combination置换：metathesis分解decompose复分解double decomposition包括include中和neutralization反应reactPart 1 foundation chemistry 基础化学Chapter 1acid 酸apparatus 仪器，装置aqueous solution 水溶液arrangement of electrons 电子排列assumption 假设atom 原子（化学变化中的最小粒子）atomic mass 原子量atomic number 原子序数atomic radius 原子半径atomic structure 原子结构be composed of 由……组成bombardment 撞击boundary 界限cathode rays 阴极射线cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器ceramic 陶器制品charge-clouds 电子云charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比（质谱分析时样品质量的测量以质量与其离子电荷之比表示）chemical behaviour 化学行为chemical property 化学性质（物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质）clockwise 顺时针方向的compound 化合物（由不同元素组成的纯净物）configuration 构型copper 铜correspond to 相似corrosive 腐蚀d-block elements d 区元素deflect 使偏向，使转向derive from 源于deuterium 氘diffuse mixture 扩散混合物distance effect 距离效应distil 蒸馏distinguish 区别distribution 分布doubly charged(2+) ion 正二价离子dye 染料effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响electrical charge 电荷electrical field 电场electrically neutral atom 电中性原子electricity 电electrolysis 电解electron 电子（负电荷粒子，电量等于4.77×10-10绝对静电单位）electron shielding 电子屏蔽element 元素（具有相同核电荷数即荷内质子数的一类原子的总称）emission spectrum 发射光谱（根据发射光源和激发能量方式所产生的特征电磁波谱）energy level 能态，能级（稳态能量，有相同主量数的电子壳层）fertiliser 肥料first ionisation energy 一级电离能fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluoride 氟化物fuel 燃料fundamental substance 基础物质fuzzy 模糊的galaxy 星系，银河gas 气体gaseous state 气态gravity 重力GroupⅠ第一族Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 海森堡测不准原理hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸identical 同一的，相等的in terms of 根据，在……方面innermost 最内的，最深的interaction 相互作用internal structure 内部结构interpret 解释investigate 研究,调查ionisation energy 电离能（从原子或分子中移走一个电子至无穷远处所需的能量，以电子伏特eV表示）ionise 电离isotope 同位素（原子里具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数的同一元素的原子互称同位素）J.J. Thomson’s e/m experiment 汤姆森质何比实验Latin 拉丁lepton 轻粒子liquid 液体magnet 磁铁magnetic field 磁场Maltese Cross 马耳他十字marble 大理石mass number 质量数matter 物质metal foil 金箔meteorite 陨星microbe 微生物，细菌Millikan’s ‘oil-drop’ ecperiment 密立根油滴实验model-building 模型建筑mole 摩尔（表示一个系统的物质的量的单位，该系统中所包含的基本单元数与12g碳12即12C的原子数目相等,每摩尔物质含有阿佛加德罗常数个微粒）molecule 分子（保持物质的化学性质的最小粒子）narrow beam 狭窄的光线negative electrode（cathode）阴极negligible 可以忽略的neutron 中子nitrate 硝酸盐noble gas 稀有气体normal pressures 常压nuclear charge （原子）核电荷nuclear model for atoms 原子核模型nuclear reaction 核反应nucleus （pl.nuclei）核Orbital 轨道paraffin wax 石蜡particle 微粒，粒子Pauli exclusion principle 保里不相容原理（每个原子轨道至多只能容纳两个电子；而且，这两个电子自旋方向必须相反）Periodic Table 周期表physical property 物理性质（物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，如颜色、状态、气味、熔沸点、密度等）plastics 塑料plum-pudding 李子布丁positive charge 正电荷（带有质子的物质，用丝绸摩擦玻璃棒，在棒上会产生正电荷）positive electrode (anode) 阳极positively charged particle (ion) 离子potential difference 电位prediction 预言principal quantum number 主量子数（标示轨道电子的波函数，包括轨道角动量和自旋量子数，电子的能级和距原子核的平均距离主要取决于主量子数）probe 探测，探究protium 氕proton 质子quantum （pl. quanta）量子（一个电子转移到原子的下一层轨道时发出的有限辐射能单位）quantum mechanics 量子力学Quantum Theory 量子理论quark 夸克（组成基本粒子的更小的粒子）radioactive source 放射源repel 排斥repulsion 斥力respectively 分别地rung 梯级scattering effect 散射作用Schr?dinger equation 薛定谔（波动）方程（一偏微分方程，描述基本粒子波动性）scintillation 火花shell 电子壳层shielding effect 屏蔽效应simpler substance 单质（指由同种元素组成的纯净物）solid 固体sphere 球spin 自旋stable state 稳态sub-atomic particle 原子内的粒子subset 子集，小团体successive ionisation energy 逐级电离能symbol 符号symmetry 对称the lowest-energy orbitals 最低能量轨道transition elements 过渡元素tritium 氚X-ray X 射线α-particles α粒子，即alpha-particle（带有两个质子和中子的粒子，即氦原子核，对物质的穿透力较强，流速约为光速的1/10）α-ray α 射线β-particles β粒子β-ray β 射线γ-patticles γ粒子γ-rayγ 射线Chapter 2abbreviation 缩写absorption 吸收abundance 丰度accelerate 加速alloy 合金alter 改变atmospheric pressure 大气压Avogadro’s constant 阿佛加德罗常数（12g12C含有的原子数，约为6.02×1023）azide 叠氮化物balance chemical equation 配平化学方程式balance ionic equation 配平离子方程式benzene 苯bromide 溴化物bulk 体积burette 滴定管butane 丁烷carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonate 碳酸盐collide with 冲突combustion analysis 燃烧分析concentration 浓度conical flask 锥形瓶convert 转化covalent bonds 共价键（原子间通过共用电子对形成的化学键）decimal place 小数位deposit 沉淀物detonator 炸药dioxide 二氧化物dissolve 溶解dropwise 逐滴地electric current 电流empirical formulae 实验式，经验式（只表示化合物中原子间最简单比例关系，非分子式，而为成分式）end-point 终点enthalpy 焓（热力学状态函数，单位质量的热含量，恒压下系统改变状态时增加的热含量等于内能与体系体积与压力乘积之和）equation 方程式ethanoic acid 乙酸filament 灯丝formula （pl. formulae）化学式（用元素符号来表示物质组成的式子）granule 颗粒Group Ⅰ- the alkali metal 第一族,碱金属Group Ⅱ-the alkaline earth metal 第二族,碱土金属Group Ⅲ- 第三族Group Ⅳ-Carbonic Group 碳族Group Ⅴ-Nitric Group 氮族Group Ⅵ-Oxygenic Group 氧族Group Ⅶ, the halogens 第七主族，卤族hexane 己烷horizontal axis 横坐标hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物，烃hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢hydroxide 氢氧化物hypothesis 假设indicator 指示剂iodide 碘化物ionic compound 离子型化合物（电负性相差大的两种元素相互作用，发生电子转移，变为正、负离子，正、负离子结合形成离子型化合物）iron oxide 氧化铁low pressure 低压mass spectrometer 质谱仪methane 甲烷mixture 混合物（由两种或多种物质混合而成的，这些物质相互间没有发生反应，混合物里各物质都保持原来的性质）molar mass 摩尔质量（1摩尔物质的质量）molarity 摩尔浓度，也叫物质的量浓度（以1升即1立方分米溶液里含有多少摩溶质来表示溶液组成的物理量）molecular formulae 分子式（根据元素分析和分子量表示的化学式）monoxide 一氧化物negative ion (＝anion) 阴离子neutralise 中和nitric acid 硝酸non-metal 非金属octane 辛烷organic compound 有机化合物oxidation state 氧化态oxide 氧化物peroxide 过氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐pipette 移液管positive ion (＝cation) 阳离子precipitation reaction 沉淀反应reactant 反应物reaction 反应reagent 试剂，反应物redox reaction 氧化还原反应relative atomic mass 相对原子质量（以碳12原子的质量的1/12约1.66×10－27kg作为标准，其他原子的质量跟它比较所得的值）relative formula mass 相对式量relative isotopic mass 相对同位素质量relative molecular mass 相对分子质量（化学式中各原子的相对原子质量的总和）room temperature 室温singly charged 单核stoichiometric ratio 化学计量比stoichiometry 化学计量法sulphate 硫酸盐sulphide 硫化物sulphite 亚硫酸盐sulphuric acid 硫酸temperature 温度thermite 铝热剂，灼热剂titration 滴定法（将已知浓度的标准溶液加到被测溶液中，直到反应完成，借以测定其浓度）vaporize 汽化vertical axis 纵坐标vice versa 反之亦然volume 体积weld 焊接Chapter 3adjacent molecule 相邻的分子amide 酰胺(含-CONH2基)ammonia 氨atmosphere 大气层atomic orbital 原子轨道attractive force 吸引力biochemical compound 生化化合物boiling point 沸点bond angle 键角(与同一原子连接的两个键之间的角度)bond enthalpybond length 键长(分子中两个原子核间的平衡距离)bonding pair 成键电子对brine 盐水brittle 脆的building-block(=monomer unit) 单体(聚合物中最简单的重复结构单元)catalyst 催化剂（能改变反应速度而它本身的组成和质量在反应前后保持不变的物质）chemical bonding 化学键（分子或晶体中，原子或离子之间直接的、主要的和强烈的相互作用称为化学键）chemical bonding and structure 化学键及结构chloride 氯化物cleavage 裂开condense 浓缩conduct electricity 导电covalent compound 共价化合物crystal 晶体crystal lattice 晶格crystal plane 晶体平面crystalline solid 晶状固体cyclohexane 环己胺dative covalent bond=coordinate bond 配位键decomposition 离解density 密度dipole-dipole force 取向力dot-and-cross diagram 电子式,点叉式double bond 双键double helix 双螺旋ductile 可塑性,易变形的,可延展的electric dipole 电偶极子（一对相距极近，符号相反、数值相等的电荷所形成的体系）electrical insulator 电绝缘体electrical transformer 变压器electronegativity 电负性（原子或基团吸引并持留价电子的能力）electron-pair 电子对electron-pair repulsion theory 电子对互斥理论（是利用中心原子周圍電子的排斥理論來預測的分子及離子(去除金屬部分)的形狀）electrostatic attraction 静电吸引（引力）emerald 翡翠enthalpy change of vaporization 蒸发焓ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇，又叫酒精evaporation 蒸发fabric 布,fibre 纤维fibrous 纤维状的formation of ions 离子的形成gaseous state 气态gemstone 宝石graphite 石墨haemoglobin 血红蛋白hard 硬的high-density poly(ethene) 高密度聚乙烯hydrated ion 水合离子（与水结合而成，如H3O＋）hydrogen bond 氢键(氢键是由于与电负性极强的元素如氟、氧等相结合的氢原子和另一分子中电负性极强的原子间所产生的引力而形成) insoluble 不溶instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces 诱导力intermediate character 两性intermolecular force 分子间作用力(又称van der Waals’ force 范德华力)interval 间隙ionic bonding 离子键（由原子得失电子后，生成的正负离子之间，靠静电作用而形成的化学键）ionic crystal 离子晶体（离子间通过离子键结合而成的晶体）ionic lattice 离子晶格jewellery 珠宝kinetic theory of matter 物质运动论(所有物质的分子处于恒动状态)liquid state 液态lone-pairs 孤对电子low-density poly(ethene) 低密度聚乙烯LP-LP repulsion> LP-BP repulsion> BP-BP repulsion 孤电子对—故电子对斥力>孤电子对—成键电子对斥力>成键电子对—成键电子对斥力lubricant 润滑剂magnetise 磁化malleable 有延展性的melting point 熔点metal complex 金属络合物（由金属离子与电子给予体结合而成）metallic bonding 金属键(通过自由运动的价电子将金属原子连结起来的键)metallic element 金属元素mineral 矿物质mobile electron 流动电子molecular orbital 分子轨道molten 熔化non-contuctor 非导体non-linear molecule 非直线分子non-metallic element 非金属元素non-polar molecule 非极性分子non-stick properties 不黏性nylon 尼龙,聚酰胺纤维octahedron 八面体oppositely charged electron 电性相反的电极oppositely charged ion 电性相反的离子outer-shell electron 外层电子oxonium ion(=hydronium ion) 水合氢离子polar molecule 极性分子polarisation of ions 离子极化（在阴阳离子自身电场作用下，产生诱导偶极，而导致离子的极化，即离子的正负电荷重心不再重合，电子云发生变形，致使物质在结构和性质上发生相应的变化）polarized 极化poly 聚乙烯poly(ester) chain 聚酯链polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 多氯联（二）苯polymer 聚合物,高分子polymer chain 聚合物链protein 蛋白质quartz 石英relative bond strength 相对键能repulsion 斥力ruby 红宝石sapphire 蓝宝石semi-precious stone 亚宝石single bond 单键slippery 光滑sodium chloride 氯化钠solid state 固态solubility 溶解度（物质在溶剂中达到饱和时的溶解程度）soluble 可溶sparingly soluble 难溶sublimation 升华(固体不经液态直接转变为气态)sublime 升华(固体不经液态直接转变为气态)sucrose 蔗糖surface tension 表面张力(由于表面层下面的分子与表面层下面的分子间的分子吸引,液体表面收缩成最小表面的趋向)symmetrical distribution 对称分布tensile strength 抗拉强度tetrahedral molecule 四面体分子tetrahedron 四面体the δ+ and δ-charges δ+ 和δ-电荷three-dimensional arrangement 三维排列triangular pyramidal molecule 三角锥形分子trichloromethane 三氯甲烷trigonal planar molecule 三角锥形分子triple bond 三键unit cell 晶胞vapour pressure (蒸汽压)viscosity 黏度(流体流动阻力的表示,为液体中黏合力和内聚力的综合效果) volatility 挥发性washing-up liquidwater is peculiar 水是特殊的weapon 武器δbond δ键δorbital δ轨道π bond π键π orbital π轨道Chapter 4 and 5antacid tablet 解酸的药片atomic radii(＝atomic radius) 原子半径barium meal 钡餐Blocks of elements in the Periodic Table 周期表中元素的分区brick red 砖红色bricklaying 砌砖，泥水业brilliant whitish flame 明亮的白色火焰bubble 泡camera lenses 照相机镜头cement 水泥chalk 白垩chemical species 化学物种clay 黏土，泥土cliff 悬崖cloudy white precipitate 浑浊的白色沉淀covalent radius 共价半径covered with a layer of its oxide 覆盖一层氧化物薄膜crucible 坩埚crumble 粉碎d-block d区diatomic molecule 双原子分子dilute 稀释disulphur dichloride 二氯化二硫dolomite 白云石electronegative 带负电的，负电性的electropositive 带正电的，正电性的evolution （气体）散出exothermic reaction 放热反应f-block f区filtration 过滤firework 焰火flare 照明弹good conductivity of heat and electricity 良好的导电导热性gypsum 石膏hydrogencarbonate 碳酸氢盐incendiary bomb 燃烧弹indigestion remedy 消化不良的治疗lanthanide and actinide elements 镧系和锕系元素（周期表中，ⅧB族有32种元素，包括钪、钇、镧和锕，其中镧这一格代表15种镧系元素[Z=51~71]，锕这一格代表15种锕系元素[Z=89~103]）Law of Octaves 八行周期律（当元素按原子量增加的顺序排列成以八个为一组时，则上下每组对应元素有相似的性质）Law of Triadslime 石灰lime water 石灰（水溶液）limelight 灰光灯limestone 石灰石liquid phase 液相magnesium ribbon 镁条marine invertebrate 海里的无脊椎动物Mendeleev’s periodic table 门捷列夫周期表（按原子序数递增顺序排列成行，并将元素性质相同者置于各行之下，由此形成18列，各列元素的化合价按正规顺序变化）metal hydride 金属氢化物metallic radius 金属半径molten slag 熔渣monatomic ion 一价离子mortar 灰浆negative oxidation state 负化合价opaque 不透，不传导oxidation 氧化oxidation number (abbreviated ox. no.) 氧化数（某元素一个原子的荷电数，这种荷电数由假设把每个键中的电子指定给电负性更大的原子而求得）oxidation state 氧化态oxidising agent 氧化剂（得到电子的物质）p-block p区periodic patterns 周期律periodicity 周期性photographic flash bulb 感光photosynthesis 光合作用pitchblende 沥青铀矿plaster 石膏plaster of Pairs 熟石膏positive oxidation state 正化合价quicklime 生石灰reactivity 活动性reciprocal 倒数redox system 氧化还原体系reducing agent 还原剂（逝去电子的物质）reduction 还原refractory material 难熔物质rotary kiln 回转窑（炉）saturated solution 饱和溶液s-block s区scum 浮垢sedimentary rock 沉积岩siemens per metre (S m-1) 西门子/米（西门子是电导实用单位，亦称姆欧，欧姆的倒数）single atom 单原子slaked lime 石灰（固）solid phase 固相suspension 悬浮液the outmost electrons 最外层电子the rising parts of the curve 曲线的上升部分the trend is uneven 趋势是不规则的thermal decomposition 热（分）解toxic 有毒的tracer bullet 示踪子弹trough 曲线上的最小值valency 化合价vapour phase 气相vigorous 剧烈的Chapter 6a cream precipitate 米黄色沉淀aerosol propellant 气溶胶喷射剂ammonia solution 氨水anomalous properties 异常的性质antiseptic抗菌剂，防腐剂apparent 透明的bacteria 细菌bleach 漂白bromine is a dark red liquid giving off a dense red vapour 溴是深红色液体，会挥发浓的红色溴蒸气capture an electron 捕获一个电子CFCS(chlorofluorocarbons) 含氯氟烃chlorine is greenish yellow gas 氯是黄绿色气体contamination 污染covalent diatomic molecule 共价双原子分子cyclohexane 环己烷dichloromethane 二氯甲烷displacement reaction 置换反应（由一种单质跟一种化合物起反应,生成另一种单质和另一种化合物的反应：1.非金属取代—电负性强者取代弱者；2.金属取代—金属性强者取代弱者）disproportionation reaction 歧化反应（又叫自身氧化还原反应，在歧化反应中同一种元素的一部分原子[或离子]被氧化,另一部分原子[或离子]被还原）electron affinity 电子亲合势（原子保持其离子电荷的亲合势）fire extinguisher 灭火器flammable 易燃的fluoride controversyfluorine is pale yellow gas 氟是淡黄绿色气体foaming agent 起泡剂germicide 杀菌剂halate 次卤酸根离子halide 卤化物halogen 卤族元素，简称卤素hydrated halide ion 水合卤素离子inert 惰性的iodine in alcohol 碘酒iodine is a shiny, grey-black crystalline solid which sublimes to a purple vapour 碘是有光泽的灰黑色晶体，会升华变成紫色碘蒸气liver damage 肝脏损伤Lubricant 滑润剂non-flammable 不易燃的organic solvent 有机溶剂organo-chlorine 有机氯ozone layer 臭氧层poisonous 有毒的PTFE (polytetrafluoroethene) 聚四氟乙烯PVC 聚氯乙烯refrigerant 制冷剂solvent 溶剂thyroid problem 甲状腺问题volatility 挥发性water purification 水质净化waterproof clothing 防水布Part 2 Chains and Rings 链和环Chapter 71,2-dichloroethene 1,2－二氯乙烯2,2,3-trimethylbutane 2,2,3-三甲基丁烷2,2,4-trimethypentane (iso-octane) 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷2-bromobutane 2－溴丁烷2-hydroxybenzoic acid 2－对羟基苯甲酸2-methylpentan-3-one 2－甲基3－戊酮3-ethylpent-2-ene 3－乙基烯acid-base reaction 酸碱反应activation energy 活化能（分子开始反应所需最低能量，为活化分子能量与所有分子平均能量差）addition 加成alanine 丙氨酸alcohol 醇aldehyde 醛aliphatic alcohol 脂肪醇aliphatic aldehyde 脂肪醛aliphatic compounds 脂肪族化合物alkene 烯烃alkyl 烷基allotrope 同素异形体amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸ammonium cyanate 氰化铵anhydrous salt 无水盐anti-bumping stone 沸石aqueous layer 水层arene 芳烃aromatic compounds 芳香族化合物（分子里含有一个或多个苯环的化合物）aspirin 阿司匹林atoms can rotate freely about a carbon-carbon single bond 原子可绕碳－碳单键自由旋转ball-and-stick model 球棍模型benzene ring 苯环branched-chain 支链buchner flask 布氏烧瓶，抽滤瓶buchner funnel 布氏漏斗（常用于真空抽滤疏松沉淀）buckminsterfullerenebut-2-ene 2－丙稀butan1-ol (=CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) 1－丁醇butanoic acid 丁酸cage 壳体，支架calculation of percentage yields 回收率的计算capillary electrophoresis apparatus 毛细管电泳仪carbanion 负（阴）碳离子carbocation 正（阳）碳离子carboxylic acid 羧酸Compact 致密的condenser 冷凝器convection currents 对流气流（由温差推动）criteria for checking purity 检测纯度的标准cyclic hydrocarbon 环烃（碳原子间相互连接成环状）cyclobutane 环丁烷decane 癸烷displayed formula (=full structural formula)distillation 蒸馏法eicosane 二十烷electric heating mantle 电热炉electrophile 亲电子试剂electrophilic addition 亲电子加成electrophilic substitution 亲电子取代elimination 消去equilibrium 平衡ester 酯ethanoic anhydride 酐ethanol (=CH3CH2OH) 乙醇ethyl- 乙基ethylamine 乙胺Ethylbenzene 乙基苯free redical 自由基free-radical substitution 自由基取代functional group 官能团gas-liquid chromatography 气液色谱法general formulageodesic domes 地圆学说geometric (or cis-trans) isomer 几何异构体（顺式－反式）grooved cork 具孔塞ground glass cone-and-socket joint 磨口玻璃锥管接合处ground glass socket 磨口玻璃管halogenoalkane 卤代烃heptane 庚烷heterolytic fission 异裂（共价键断裂产生两个相反电荷的离子）high-performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱法homologous series 同系物homolytic fission 均裂（共价键断裂产生两个自由基）hydrolysis 水解hydroxy-（＝－OH）羟基hyphen 连字符immiscible liquid 不溶混液体impurity 杂质intermolecular hydrogen bond 分子间氢键Isomerism 同分异构现象ketone 酮kinetic energy 动能Kjeldahl 克耶达liquid circulates 液体循环melting point tube containing sample 装有样品的熔点测定管methanol (=CH3OH) 甲醇methoxymethane 甲氧基甲烷methyl（－CH3）甲基Methylpropane 甲基丙烷molecular formulanomenclature 系统命名法nonane 壬烷nucleophile 亲核试剂nucleophilic addition 亲核加成nucleophilic substitution 亲核取代organic chemistry 有机化学paper chromatography 纸层析法paraffin oil 石蜡油pentan-3-one 3-戊酮pentane 戊烷phenyl ring(-C6H5) 苯基phenylalanine 苯基丙氨酸phosphoric acid 磷酸preliminary calculation 预算propan-1-ol (=CH3CH2CH2OH) 1－丙醇propan-2-ol 2-丙醇propanal 丙醛propane 丙烷propylamine 丙胺pumice 浮石reaction mechanism 反应机制reaction pathway 反应途径recrystallisation 重结晶redistilling 重蒸馏Reflux 回流rubber ring 橡胶圈rubber seal 橡胶塞separating funnel 分液漏斗side-chain 侧链skeletal formula 骨架skeletonspectroscopic technique 光谱技术stereoisomerism 立体异构体stoppered flask 已塞紧的烧瓶stright-chain 直链structural formulastructural isomer 同分异构体（化合物具有相同的分子式，但具有不同结构）substitution 取代synthesis 合成the maximum mass of product 最大产量the neck of the reaction flask 烧瓶瓶颈thermometer 温度计thermostatically controlled heating mantle 恒温控制加热炉Thiele tube 蒂埃尔均热管thin-layer chromatography 薄层层析法three-dimensional formulaultraviolet (UV) 紫外线vacuum filtration 真空抽滤，真空过滤vinegar 醋visible spectroscopy 可见光voltage 电压water bath 水浴wavelength 波长Chapter 82,2,4-trimethyolpentane 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷2-methylpentane 戊烷adhesive 粘合剂alkane 烃alternatives to fossil fuels 化石燃料的代替品anaerobic decay 厌氧分解bimetallic catalyst 双金属催化剂biofuels 生物燃料bitumen 沥青burn off 燃尽carbon coke 焦炭carcinogenic aldehyde methanal 致癌的醛甲烷化catalytic cracking 催化裂化（由重质组分催化裂解为轻质组分）cellulose 纤维素chemical cell 化学电池CO2 emissions CO2 的排放coal 煤condensation 冷凝corrode 腐蚀cracking 裂化crude oil 原油cycloalkane 环烃cylinder 汽缸，圆筒diesel 柴油drastic action 剧烈反应efficient combustion 有效燃烧feedstock 给料ferment 发酵fission 裂变Fluid 流体fluidised bed 流化床fossil 化石fraction 分馏物fractional distillation 分馏fractional distillation column 分馏塔fusion （核）聚变gasoline 汽油generate electricity 发电geothermal: hot rocks 地热：热岩greenhouse effect 温室效应hydrocarbons: fuels 碳氢化合物：燃料hydroelectricity 水电，水力发电inhalation 吸入isomerisation 异构化kerosene 煤油lead-acid battery 铅酸蓄电池lubricating oil 润滑油megawatt 兆瓦，即106瓦naphtha 粗汽油natural gas 天然气non-renewable resource 不可再生资源nuclear fuels 核燃料oil refinery 炼油厂oscillating motion 振动overflow pipe 溢流管oxidation product 氧化产物oxidiser 氧化剂petrol 汽油photovoltaic cell 阻挡层光电池plant 植物rapeseed 油菜籽raw material 原料recycle 重复利用reforming 重整regeneration chamber 燃烧室residue 废料，残渣seething mixture 沸腾的混合物separate into layers 分层sieve 滤网solar panels 太阳能（电池）板spherical tank 球形罐spillage 溢出sunflower oil 葵花油sunlight: solar heating and photovoltaics 阳光：太阳热和太阳电池tarmac 停机坪thermal energy 热能transfer of energy to the surroundings 把能量转移到四周tray （分馏塔的）板turbine 涡轮waste products 废品weir 坝，堰zeolite 沸石Chapter 92,2-dimethylpropane 2,2－二甲基丙烷CH3· (methyl) free radical 甲基自由基chain reaction 链锁反应combustion in air 在空气中燃烧complete combustion in an excess of air 在过量空气中完全燃烧concentrated sulphuric acid 浓硫酸dodecane 十二烷hydrocarbons: alknes 碳氢化合物：烃in poorly ventilated rooms 在通风不足的房间initiation step 初级过程mechanism 机理overlap 重叠photochemical reaction 光化学反应（原子、分子、自由基或离子由吸收一个具有一定频率的光子而成为激发态所引起的反应）photodissociation 光解作用（分子通过吸收一个光子的电磁能分裂出一个或多个原子）propagation step 增殖过程saturated hydrocarbon 饱和烃termination step 终止过程tetrachloromethane 四氯甲烷undecane 十一烷unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃waxy solid 蜡状固体Chapter 102-methylbuta-1,3-diene 2－甲基－1,3－二丙稀addition polymerisation 加聚反应（由大量小分子（单体）相继加成为大分子量化合物或聚合物）antifreeze 防冻剂bark 树皮cis-trans isomerism 顺－反式同分异构现象decolourise 褪色dibromo- 二溴diene 二烯electron-richelectrophilic addition 亲电加成ethane-1,2-diol 乙烷－乙二醇gas scrubber 气体洗涤器gutta-percha 杜仲胶，古塔胶hard margarine 硬植物油horny 角状的，粗硬的hydrocarbons: alkenes 碳氢化合物：烯烃industrial methylated spirits 工业甲基化酒精inelastic 无弹力的isoprene 异戊（间）二烯latex 橡浆，树乳monomer 单体（见chapter 3 building-block）multiple bond 重键（不饱和化合物中双键和三键的总称）natural rubber 天然橡胶nickel catalyst 镍催化剂non-biodegradable 不可生物降解optic nerve 视觉神经percha treepollutant 污染物poly(chloroethene) 聚氯乙烯poly(phenylethene) 聚苯乙烯polymerisation 聚合反应polyunsaturated 多个不饱和的propene is bubbled through a solution of bromine 把丙稀通入溴水中repeat unit 重复单元retinal 视网膜steam 蒸汽styrene 苯乙烯systematic name 系统命名traditionally vinyl chloride 氯乙烯triethyl- 三乙基Ziegler-Natta catalyst 齐格勒－纳塔催化剂（由两种金属化合物反应而成，用于烯烃、双烯烃等聚合，生成聚乙烯、聚丙烯）planar molecule 平面分子Chapter 11acidified aqueous potassium dichromate 酸化二氯溶液acyl chloride (acylation) 酰基氯，氯化某酰（酰化作用）adulteration 搀杂alkoxide ion（＝RO-）烷氧离子anaerobic process 厌氧过程ceramic wool soaked in ethanol 陶瓷羊毛colvescorresponding alcohol 相应的醇dehydration 脱水deterrent 灭菌剂enzyme 酶ethanoate 醋酸盐ethoxide ion 乙氧基离子fermentation 发酵foul taste 恶臭fruity odour 水果香味gentle heating 微热glucose 葡萄糖infrared spectrum 红外光谱（分子只能吸收与其振动、转动频率相一致的红外线而形成特征光谱）litmus paper 石蕊试纸（检查酸碱性用）metabolism 新陈代谢miscibility with water 与水的互溶性phenolphthanlein incicator 酚酞指示剂pore 孔porous ceramic surface 多孔的陶瓷表面primary alcohol 伯醇reverse reaction 逆发应secondary alcohol 仲醇simplified equation 简化方程式tertiary alcohol 叔醇wavenumber 波数yeast 酵母菌Chapter 12aerosol propellant 气溶胶火箭燃料anti-inflammatory medicine 消炎药aqueous ethanolic silver nitrate 乙醇硝酸银溶液blowing agent 发泡剂bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF) 溴氯二氟甲烷（灭火剂）circuit board 电路板combustible materiall 可燃物degreasing agent 除油剂electrical insulation 电绝缘材料halogenoalkanes 卤代烃ibuprofen 布洛芬，异丁苯丙酸（解热镇痛药）ozone ‘hole’ 臭氧层空洞primary halogenoalkane 伯卤代烃rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎second halogenoalkane 仲卤代烃silver halide precipitate 卤化银沉淀stratosphere 平流层tertiary halogenoalkane 叔卤代烃the classification of halogenoalkanes 卤代烃的分类Part 3Chapter 13bond breaking 断键bond making 成键Chapter 13 enthalpy change 焓变clamp 夹copper spiral 铜圈endothermic reaction 吸热反应（体系从环境吸收热能，化学反应的焓变为正值）energy transfer 能量转移enthalpy changes by different routes 不同途径的焓变enthalpy cycleexothermic reaction 放热反应（体系放热给环境，化学反应的焓变为负值）first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律（本质是能量守恒定律）flame calorimeter 火焰量热计graph extrapolated backwards to starting time 反推到开始时间的曲线图Haber process 哈伯合成氨法heat capacity 热容（当一系统由于加给一微小的热量δQ而温度升高δT时，Δq/δT这个量即是热容）heating-insulated vessel 隔热容器Hess’ law 赫斯定律（一个化学反应的热销应决定于其始终态，与中间过程无关）joule 焦耳〔能量和功的单位〕law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律（在任一封闭系统中总能量保持不变）metal calorimeter 金属量热计negative value(-) 负值pascal 帕斯卡（压强单位）perpetual motion 永恒运动polystyrene cup 聚苯乙烯杯positive value(+) 正值reaction pathway 反应途径release large quantities energy 释放大量能量screw 螺旋桨shield 护板specific heat capacity of water 水的比热容spectator ionstandard enthalpy change of combustion 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of formation 标准摩尔生成焓standard enthalpy change of reaction 标准反应焓变（标准状态下反应的焓变）standard enthalpy changes: standard conditions 标准焓变：标准状态stirrer 搅拌器suction pump 真空泵，抽水机vacuum flask 真空烧瓶wick 灯芯Chapter 14reaction rates 反应速率acidity 酸性，酸度adsorb 吸附at normal temperatures and pressures 在常温常压下basicity 碱度；碱性Bung 塞camphor 樟脑catalytic converter 催化转化器celluloid 赛璐珞(明胶)chemical analysis 化学分析chemical kinetics 化学动力学colorimeter 色度计colour intensity 色度concentration of reactants 反应物浓度constant random motion 永恒的无规则运动desorb 解吸entropy 熵（热力学状态函数，用于量度系统无序度，等于吸收之热与吸热时绝对温度之商）esterification 酯化exhaust gases 排放气体factors that affect the rate of a reaction 影响反应速率的因素gas syringe 气体注射器glass delivery tube 玻璃导管heterogeneous catalysis 多相催化（催化剂与反应物处于不同相如在固体和流体相界面间发生催化作用）homogeneous catalysis 均相催化（催化剂与反应物在同相中反应）intensity of the radiation 照射的强度inverted, water-filled burette 倒置的装满水的量管latitude 纬度low-energy collisions 低能量碰撞nitrocellulose 硝化纤维素nitroglycerine 硝化甘油oxyacetylene torch 氧乙炔火炬peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) 硝酸过氧化乙酰ppb 十亿分之一（10－10）ppm 百万分之一（10－6）pressure sensor 压力感受器rate determining step 决定反应速率的步骤removal 去除Ribenascanning probe microscopy(SPM) 扫描显微探针sealed container 密闭容器self-sustainedspectrophotometer 分光光度计(根据样品对可见光分解为单色光后的透（反）射能量与波长的函数关系，可准确分析色度或比较两种波长的发光强度)surface area 表面积temperature sensor 温感器（能对温度变化作出反应）the asymmetric shape of the curve 曲线的不对称形状the Boltzemann distribution 玻耳兹曼分布（处于热平衡的气体中具有不同能级的分子数的几率）the collision theory of reactivity 碰撞理论（化学反应速率等于反应物分子间的碰撞数乘以有效碰撞因子）Timer 计时器Chapter 15equilibra 平衡base 碱closed system 封闭系统constancy of macroscopic propertiescotton wool 脱脂棉dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡（在一定条件下德可逆反应里，正反应和逆反应德速率相等，反应混合物中各组成成分德含量保持不变）fertility 肥(沃)度forwards direction 正方向irreversible one-way reaction 不可逆单向反应keep the pressure constant 保持恒压Le Chatelier’s principle 勒沙特列原理（如果改变影响平衡的一个条件如浓度、压强或温度等，平衡就向能够减弱这种改变的方向移动）macroscopic propertiesnail varnish remover 洗甲油Ostwald process 奥斯特瓦尔德法（制硝酸，采用高温铂网催化剂，将氨氧化为氧化氮，经水吸收成硝酸）porous iron 多孔的铁reaction vessel 反应容器reverse direction 反方向reversible reaction 可逆反应strong acid 强酸the equilibrium shifts to minimize this increase 平衡就向能够减弱这种改变的方向移动weak acid 弱酸。
SAT2 化学800分必背词汇(一)
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一、foundation chemistry基础化学Chapter 1acid 酸apparatus 仪器，装置aqueous solution 水溶液arrangement of electrons 电子排列assumption 假设atom 原子（化学变化中的最小粒子）atomic mass 原子量atomic number 原子序数atomic radius 原子半径atomic structure 原子结构be posed of 由……组成bombardment 撞击boundary 界限cathode rays 阴极射线cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器ceramic 器制品charge-clouds 电子云charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比（质谱分析时样品质量的测量以质量与其离子电荷之比表示）chemical behaviour 化学行为chemical property 化学性质（物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质）clockwise 顺时针方向的pound 化合物（由不同元素组成的纯净物）configuration 构型copper 铜correspond to 相似corrosive 腐蚀d-block elements d 区元素deflect 使偏向，使转向derive from 源于deuterium 氘diffuse mixture 扩散混合物distance effect 距离效应distil 蒸馏distinguish 区别distribution 分布doubly charged(2+) ion 正二价离子dye 染料effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响electrical charge 电荷electrical field 电场electrically neutral atom 电中性原子electricity 电electrolysis 电解electron 电子（负电荷粒子，电量等于4.77×10-10绝对静电单位）electron shielding 电子屏蔽element 元素（具有相同核电荷数即荷质子数的一类原子的总称）emission spectrum 发射光谱（根据发射光源和激发能量方式所产生的特征电磁波谱）energy level 能态，能级（稳态能量，有相同主量数的电子壳层）fertiliser 肥料first ionisation energy 一级电离能fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluoride 氟化物fuel 燃料fundamental substance 基础物质fuzzy 模糊的galaxy 星系，银河gas 气体gaseous state 气态gravity 重力GroupⅠ第一族Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 海森堡测不准原理hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸identical 同一的，相等的in terms of 根据，在……方面innermost 最的，最深的interaction 相互作用internal structure 部结构interpret 解释investigate 研究,调查ionisation energy 电离能（从原子或分子中移走一个电子至无穷远处所需的能量，以电子伏特eV表示）ionise 电离isotope 同位素（原子里具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数的同一元素的原子互称同位素）J.J. Thomson’s e/m experiment 汤姆森质何比实验Latin 拉丁lepton 轻粒子liquid 液体magnet 磁铁magnetic field 磁场Maltese Cross 马耳他十字marble 石mass number 质量数matter 物质metal foil 金箔meteorite 陨星microbe 微生物，细菌Millikan’s ‘oil-drop’ecperiment 密立根油滴实验model-building 模型建筑mole 摩尔（表示一个系统的物质的量的单位，该系统中所包含的基本单元数与12g碳12即12C的原子数目相等,每摩尔物质含有阿佛加德罗常数个微粒）molecule 分子（保持物质的化学性质的最小粒子）narrow beam 狭窄的光线negative electrode（cathode）阴极negligible 可以忽略的neutron 中子nitrate 硝酸盐noble gas 稀有气体normal pressures 常压nuclear charge （原子）核电荷nuclear model for atoms 原子核模型nuclear reaction 核反应nucleus （pl.nuclei）核Orbital 轨道paraffin wax 石蜡particle 微粒，粒子Pauli exclusion principle 保里不相容原理（每个原子轨道至多只能容纳两个电子；而且，这两个电子自旋方向必须相反）Periodic Table 周期表physical property 物理性质（物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，如颜色、状态、气味、熔沸点、密度等）plastics 塑料plum-pudding 子布丁positive charge 正电荷（带有质子的物质，用丝绸摩擦玻璃棒，在棒上会产生正电荷）positive electrode (anode) 阳极positively charged particle (ion) 离子potential difference 电位prediction 预言principal quantum number 主量子数（标示轨道电子的波函数，包括轨道角动量和自旋量子数，电子的能级和距原子核的平均距离主要取决于主量子数）probe 探测，探究protium 氕proton 质子quantum （pl. quanta）量子（一个电子转移到原子的下一层轨道时发出的有限辐射能单位）quantum mechanics 量子力学Quantum Theory 量子理论quark 夸克（组成基本粒子的更小的粒子）radioactive source 放射源repel 排斥repulsion 斥力respectively 分别地rung 梯级scattering effect 散射作用Schr?dinger equation 薛定谔（波动）方程（一偏微分方程，描述基本粒子波动性）scintillation 火花shell 电子壳层shielding effect 屏蔽效应simpler substance 单质（指由同种元素组成的纯净物）solid 固体sphere 球spin 自旋stable state 稳态sub-atomic particle 原子的粒子subset 子集，小团体successive ionisation energy 逐级电离能symbol 符号symmetry 对称the lowest-energy orbitals 最低能量轨道transition elements 过渡元素tritium 氚X-ray X 射线α-particles α粒子，即alpha-particle（带有两个质子和中子的粒子，即氦原子核，对物质的穿透力较强，流速约为光速的1/10）α-ray α射线β-particles β粒子β-ray β射线γ-patticles γ粒子γ-rayγ射线Chapter 2abbreviation 缩写absorption 吸收abundance 丰度accelerate 加速alloy 合金alter 改变atmospheric pressure 大气压Avogadro’s constant 阿佛加德罗常数（12g12C含有的原子数，约为6.02×1023）azide 叠氮化物balance chemical equation 配平化学方程式balance ionic equation 配平离子方程式benzene 苯blast furnace 高炉bromide 溴化物bulk 体积burette 滴定管butane 丁烷carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonate 碳酸盐collide with 冲突bustion analysis 燃烧分析concentration 浓度conical flask 锥形瓶convert 转化covalent bonds 共价键（原子间通过共用电子对形成的化学键）decimal place 小数位deposit 沉淀物detonator 炸药dioxide 二氧化物dissolve 溶解dropwise 逐滴地electric current 电流empirical formulae 实验式，经验式（只表示化合物中原子间最简单比例关系，非分子式，而为成分式）end-point 终点enthalpy 焓（热力学状态函数，单位质量的热含量，恒压下系统改变状态时增加的热含量等于能与体系体积与压力乘积之和）equation 方程式ethanoic acid 乙酸filament 灯丝formula （pl. formulae）化学式（用元素符号来表示物质组成的式子）granule 颗粒Group Ⅰ- thealkali metal 第一族,碱金属Group Ⅱ-thealkaline earth metal 第二族,碱土金属Group Ⅲ- 第三族Group Ⅳ-CarbonicGroup 碳族Group Ⅴ-NitricGroup 氮族Group Ⅵ-Oxygenic Group 氧族Group Ⅶ, thehalogens 第七主族，卤族hexane 己烷horizontal axis 横坐标hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物，烃hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢hydroxide 氢氧化物hypothesis 假设indicator 指示剂inspect 检查，查看iodide 碘化物ionic pound 离子型化合物（电负性相差大的两种元素相互作用，发生电子转移，变为正、负离子，正、负离子结合形成离子型化合物）iron oxide 氧化铁low pressure 低压mass spectrometer 质谱仪methane 甲烷mixture 混合物（由两种或多种物质混合而成的，这些物质相互间没有发生反应，混合物里各物质都保持原来的性质）molar mass 摩尔质量（1摩尔物质的质量）molarity 摩尔浓度，也叫物质的量浓度（以1升即1立方分米溶液里含有多少摩溶质来表示溶液组成的物理量）molecular formulae 分子式（根据元素分析和分子量表示的化学式）monoxide 一氧化物negative ion (＝anion) 阴离子neutralise 中和nitric acid 硝酸non-metal 非金属octane 辛烷organic pound 有机化合物oxidation state 氧化态oxide 氧化物peroxide 过氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐pipette 移液管positive ion (＝cation) 阳离子precipitation reaction 沉淀反应reactant 反应物reaction 反应reagent 试剂，反应物redox reaction 氧化还原反应relative atomic mass 相对原子质量（以碳12原子的质量的1/12约1.66×10－27kg作为标准，其他原子的质量跟它比较所得的值）relative formula mass 相对式量relative isotopic mass 相对同位素质量relative molecular mass 相对分子质量（化学式中各原子的相对原子质量的总和）room temperature 室温singly charged 单核stoichiometric ratio 化学计量比stoichiometry 化学计量法sulphate 硫酸盐sulphide 硫化物sulphite 亚硫酸盐sulphuric acid 硫酸temperature 温度thermite 铝热剂，灼热剂titration 滴定法（将已知浓度的标准溶液加到被测溶液中，直到反应完成，借以测定其浓度）vaporize 汽化vertical axis 纵坐标vice versa 反之亦然volume 体积weld 焊接Chapter 3adjacent molecule 相邻的分子amide 酰胺(含-CONH2基)ammonia 氨atmosphere 大气层atomic orbital 原子轨道attractive force 吸引力biochemical pound 生化化合物boiling point 沸点bond angle 键角(与同一原子连接的两个键之间的角度)bond enthalpybond length 键长(分子中两个原子核间的平衡距离)bonding pair 成键电子对brine 盐水brittle 脆的building-block(=monomer unit) 单体(聚合物中最简单的重复结构单元)catalyst 催化剂（能改变反应速度而它本身的组成和质量在反应前后保持不变的物质）chemical bonding 化学键（分子或晶体中，原子或离子之间直接的、主要的和强烈的相互作用称为化学键）chemical bonding and structure 化学键及结构chloride 氯化物cleavage 裂开condense 浓缩conduct electricity 导电covalent pound 共价化合物crystal 晶体crystal lattice 晶格crystal plane 晶体平面crystalline solid 晶状固体cyclohexane 环己胺dative covalent bond=coordinate bond 配位键deposition 离解density 密度dipole-dipole force 取向力dot-and-cross diagram 电子式,点叉式double bond 双键double helix 双螺旋ductile 可塑性,易变形的,可延展的electric dipole 电偶极子（一对相距极近，符号相反、数值相等的电荷所形成的体系）electrical insulator 电绝缘体electrical transformer 变压器electronegativity 电负性（原子或基团吸引并持留价电子的能力）electron-pair 电子对electron-pair repulsion theory 电子对互斥理论（是利用中心原子周圍電子的排斥理論來預測的分子及離子(去除金屬部分)的形狀）electrostatic attraction 静电吸引（引力）emerald 翡翠enthalpy change of vaporization 蒸发焓ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇，又叫酒精evaporation 蒸发fabric 布,fibre 纤维fibrous 纤维状的formation of ions 离子的形成gaseous state 气态gemstone 宝石graphite 石墨haemoglobin 血红蛋白hard 硬的high-density poly(ethene) 高密度聚乙烯hydrated ion 水合离子（与水结合而成，如H3O＋）hydrogen bond 氢键(氢键是由于与电负性极强的元素如氟、氧等相结合的氢原子和另一分子中电负性极强的原子间所产生的引力而形成)insoluble 不溶instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces 诱导力intermediate character 两性intermolecular force 分子间作用力(又称van der Waals’force 德华力)interval 间隙ionic bonding 离子键（由原子得失电子后，生成的正负离子之间，靠静电作用而形成的化学键）ionic crystal 离子晶体（离子间通过离子键结合而成的晶体）ionic lattice 离子晶格jewellery 珠宝kinetic theory of matter 物质运动论(所有物质的分子处于恒动状态)liquid state 液态lone-pairs 孤对电子low-density poly(ethene) 低密度聚乙烯LP-LP repulsion> LP-BP repulsion> BP-BP repulsion 孤电子对—故电子对斥力>孤电子对—成键电子对斥力>成键电子对—成键电子对斥力lubricant 润滑剂magnetise 磁化malleable 有延展性的melting point 熔点metal plex 金属络合物（由金属离子与电子给予体结合而成）metallic bonding 金属键(通过自由运动的价电子将金属原子连结起来的键)metallic element 金属元素mineral 矿物质mobile electron 流动电子molecular orbital 分子轨道molten 熔化non-contuctor 非导体non-linear molecule 非直线分子non-metallic element 非金属元素non-polar molecule 非极性分子non-stick properties 不黏性nylon 尼龙,聚酰胺纤维octahedron 八面体oppositely charged electron 电性相反的电极oppositely charged ion 电性相反的离子outer-shell electron 外层电子oxonium ion(=hydronium ion) 水合氢离子polar molecule 极性分子polarisation of ions 离子极化（在阴阳离子自身电场作用下，产生诱导偶极，而导致离子的极化，即离子的正负电荷重心不再重合，电子云发生变形，致使物质在结构和性质上发生相应的变化）polarized 极化poly 聚乙烯poly(ester) chain 聚酯链polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 多氯联（二）苯polymer 聚合物,高分子polymer chain 聚合物链protein 蛋白质quartz 石英relative bond strength 相对键能repulsion 斥力ruby 红宝石sapphire 蓝宝石semi-precious stone 亚宝石single bond 单键slippery 光滑sodium chloride 氯化钠solid state 固态solubility 溶解度（物质在溶剂中达到饱和时的溶解程度）soluble 可溶sparingly soluble 难溶sublimation 升华(固体不经液态直接转变为气态)sublime 升华(固体不经液态直接转变为气态)sucrose 蔗糖surface tension 表面力(由于表面层下面的分子与表面层下面的分子间的分子吸引,液体表面收缩成最小表面的趋向)symmetrical distribution 对称分布tensile strength 抗拉强度tetrahedral molecule 四面体分子tetrahedron 四面体the δ+ and δ-charges δ+ 和δ-电荷three-dimensional arrangement 三维排列triangular pyramidal molecule 三角锥形分子trichloromethane 三氯甲烷trigonal planar molecule 三角锥形分子triple bond 三键unit cell 晶胞vapour pressure (蒸汽压)viscosity 黏度(流体流动阻力的表示,为液体中黏合力和聚力的综合效果)volatility 挥发性washing-up liquidwater is peculiar 水是特殊的weapon 武器δbond δ键δorbital δ轨道πbond π键πorbital π轨道Chapter 4 and 5antacid tablet 解酸的药片atomic radii(＝atomic radius) 原子半径barium meal 钡餐Blocks of elements in the Periodic Table 周期表中元素的分区brick red 砖红色bricklaying 砌砖，泥水业brilliant whitish flame 明亮的白色火焰bubble 泡camera lenses 照相机镜头cement 水泥chalk 白垩chemical species 化学物种clay 黏土，泥土cliff 悬崖cloudy white precipitate 浑浊的白色沉淀covalent radius 共价半径covered with a layer of its oxide 覆盖一层氧化物薄膜crucible 坩埚crumble 粉碎d-block d区diatomic molecule 双原子分子dilute 稀释disulphur dichloride 二氯化二硫dolomite 白云石electronegative 带负电的，负电性的electropositive 带正电的，正电性的evolution （气体）散出exothermic reaction 放热反应f-block f区filtration 过滤firework 焰火flare 照明弹good conductivity of heat and electricity 良好的导电导热性gypsum 石膏hydrogencarbonate 碳酸氢盐incendiary bomb 燃烧弹indigestion remedy 消化不良的治疗lanthanide and actinide elements 镧系和锕系元素（周期表中，ⅧB族有32种元素，包括钪、钇、镧和锕，其中镧这一格代表15种镧系元素[Z=51~71]，锕这一格代表15种锕系元素[Z=89~103]）Law of Octaves 八行周期律（当元素按原子量增加的顺序排列成以八个为一组时，则上下每组对应元素有相似的性质）Law of Triadslime 石灰lime water 石灰（水溶液）limelight 灰光灯limestone 石灰石liquid phase 液相magnesium ribbon 镁条marine invertebrate 海里的无脊椎动物Mendeleev’s periodic table 门捷列夫周期表（按原子序数递增顺序排列成行，并将元素性质相同者置于各行之下，由此形成18列，各列元素的化合价按正规顺序变化）metal hydride 金属氢化物metallic radius 金属半径molten slag 熔渣monatomic ion 一价离子mortar 灰浆negative oxidation state 负化合价opaque 不透，不传导oxidation 氧化oxidation number (abbreviated ox. no.) 氧化数（某元素一个原子的荷电数，这种荷电数由假设把每个键中的电子指定给电负性更大的原子而求得）oxidation state 氧化态oxidising agent 氧化剂（得到电子的物质）p-block p区periodic patterns 周期律periodicity 周期性photographic flash bulb 感光photosynthesis 光合作用pitchblende 沥青铀矿plaster 石膏plaster of Pairs 熟石膏positive oxidation state 正化合价quicklime 生石灰reactivity 活动性reciprocal 倒数redox system 氧化还原体系reducing agent 还原剂（逝去电子的物质）reduction 还原refractory material 难熔物质rotary kiln 回转窑（炉）saturated solution 饱和溶液s-block s区scum 浮垢sedimentary rock 沉积岩siemens per metre (S m-1) 西门子/米（西门子是电导实用单位，亦称姆欧，欧姆的倒数）single atom 单原子slaked lime 石灰（固）solid phase 固相suspension 悬浮液the outmost electrons 最外层电子the rising parts of the curve 曲线的上升部分the trend is uneven 趋势是不规则的thermal deposition 热（分）解toxic 有毒的tracer bullet 示踪子弹trough 曲线上的最小值valency 化合价vapour phase 气相vigorous 剧烈的Chapter 6a cream precipitate 米黄色沉淀aerosol propellant 气溶胶喷射剂ammonia solution 氨水anomalous properties 异常的性质antiseptic抗菌剂，防腐剂apparent 透明的bacteria 细菌bleach 漂白bromine is a dark red liquid giving off a dense red vapour 溴是深红色液体，会挥发浓的红色溴蒸气capture an electron 捕获一个电子CFCS(chlorofluorocarbons) 含氯氟烃chlorine is greenish yellow gas 氯是黄绿色气体contamination 污染covalent diatomic molecule 共价双原子分子cyclohexane 环己烷dichloromethane 二氯甲烷displacement reaction 置换反应（由一种单质跟一种化合物起反应,生成另一种单质和另一种化合物的反应：1.非金属取代—电负性强者取代弱者；2.金属取代—金属性强者取代弱者）disproportionation reaction 歧化反应（又叫自身氧化还原反应，在歧化反应中同一种元素的一部分原子[或离子]被氧化,另一部分原子[或离子]被还原）electron affinity 电子亲合势（原子保持其离子电荷的亲合势）fire extinguisher 灭火器flammable 易燃的fluoride controversyfluorine is pale yellow gas 氟是淡黄绿色气体foaming agent 起泡剂germicide 杀菌剂halate 次卤酸根离子halide 卤化物halogen 卤族元素，简称卤素hydrated halide ion 水合卤素离子inert 惰性的iodine in alcohol 碘酒iodine is a shiny, grey-black crystalline solid which sublimes to a purplevapour 碘是有光泽的灰黑色晶体，会升华变成紫色碘蒸气liver damage 肝脏损伤Lubricant 滑润剂non-flammable 不易燃的organic solvent 有机溶剂organo-chlorine 有机氯ozone layer 臭氧层poisonous 有毒的PTFE (polytetrafluoroethene) 聚四氟乙烯PVC 聚氯乙烯refrigerant 制冷剂solvent 溶剂thyroid problem 甲状腺问题volatility 挥发性water purification 水质净化waterproof clothing 防水布。
赛达2数理化总体备考策略解
SAT2数理化总体备考策略解Sat2的考试科目有很多，中国学生考的最多的是数学物理化学三门，有些想学医的有可能会选择生物，还有一些偏文的学生或许会考虑美国历史，世界历史之类的科目，除此之外，还有法语日语西班牙语等多门小语种考试。
小马过河国际教育首先讲一下SAT2的作用。
作为美国的高中专业课程的考试，它的重要性与sat1及托福相比，可以说是微不足道的。
但是美国很多很好的学校都至少要求两门sat2的成绩，所以我们大多数赴美留学的同学还是义无反顾地选择了参加这个考试。
下面我就详细说一下数理化这三门的复习过程。
数学数学有两个，一个是math level 1,还有一个math level2。
大部分中国学生考的都是level2，因为容错率大了一些。
这里解释一下，容错率指的就是错多少道题仍然是满分。
没有人能说出准确的容错率，但是level2的容错率应该是在错5到8个左右。
数学可以买princeton出的，听同学说和真题难度非常接近。
我个人用的是barron，比真题要稍微难一些。
当时同学还借了我一本汤普森的数学，我做了一下发现题难的抽风。
不过见识一下也挺有意思的。
这是书的选择。
再就是如何使用的问题。
无论是barron还是princeton，把前面的讲解看一遍，大概了解一下考试范围就够了。
事实上数学包括的内容就是初中加上课改区高二上以前(文理科都是这样的)的全部内容。
而且即使没有上高二，就那点知识点，翻一下就会了，没任何难度可言。
翻完了书做几套题数学基本上就没什么了。
考试的时候可能会出现一些不大会的，比如矩阵什么的的题，我当时就跳过去了。
个人认为这些细枝末节的地方不看也罢。
再就是计算器的使用。
Casio 的计算器就够了，功能不用太多，用不到什么graphing calculator。
那些需要画图的题手绘就行，甚至像我一样放弃也可以。
我考试的时候数学一共空了四道题，但是成绩出来依旧是满分。
所以不要太为细节挂怀了。
物理物理一直是我非常恐惧的一门，也主要是因为对物理的恐惧，所以才选择了学文。
轻松搞定ACT,SAT2,AP!生物学必考英文词汇汇总
轻松搞定ACT，SAT2，AP！生物学必考英文词汇汇总ACT考试科学部分对生物学的考察以及SAT2，AP的生物学考试让中国考生纠结不已，其原因并不是因为知识点难度有多高，而是因为生物的英文词汇不认识，导致题目看不懂。
小编特汇总了生物学的必考词汇，共计289个，助大家快速征服这些考试，斩获高分！词汇释义accumulation 积累adenine 腺嘌呤adequate 充分的aeration 通气aerobic respiration 有氧呼吸alga (algae) 藻类allele 等位基因amino acid 氨基酸Amphibia 两栖纲anaerobic 厌氧的angiosperm 被子植物Annelida 环节动物门apical meristem 顶端分生组织appendage 附属物,附肢aquatic 水生的arctic tundra 北极苔原arithmetical 算术的Arthropoda 节足动物artificial 人工的assortment (染色体)分配atmospheric 大气的autosomal 常染色体的autotroph 自养生物baldness 谢顶,秃头bass 鲈鱼bile 胆汁biome 生物群落blastula 囊胚boreal taiga 寒带针叶林brine 海水cambrium 形成层carbon dioxide 二氧化碳catalyze 催化centipede 蜈蚣centrifuge 离心cerebellum 小脑cerebral cortex 大脑皮层chamber 室,腔characteristic 特征chicken pox 水痘chitin 几丁质chloroghyll 叶绿素chloroplast 叶绿体Choradata 脊索动物门chromatid 染色单体chromosome 染色体churn 搅拌circulatory system 循环系统class 纲codominant 共显性Coelenterata 腔肠动物门community 群落conditioning 条件反射conjugation 接合consumer 消费者crayfish 螯虾cross 杂交cultivate 种植cytochrome C 细胞色素C cytosine 胞嘧啶decomposer 分解者dehydration 脱水detoxify 解(毒),清除dicot 双子叶植物digestive tract 消化道disjunction 分离diversity 多样性dominant 显性的;显性性状dorsal 背部的earthworm 蚯蚓ectoderm 外胚层embryo 胚胎endoderm 内胚层endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 内质网enzyme 酶epidermis 表皮equilibrium 平衡erosion 腐蚀eutrophication 营养性生长过度,富营养化evaporate 蒸发excessive 过度的excrement 粪便excretion 排泄物excretory 排泄的exhaustion 极度疲劳exponential 指数的extinction 灭绝facilitate 促进,推动family (分类学里的)科fermentation 发酵fern 蕨类植物fertile 能生育的fertilize 受精,施肥flavin 核黄素fluctuate 变化,波动fungus (fungi) 真菌fusion 融合,聚变galactose 半乳糖gamete 配子gastrula 原肠胚genetic drift 遗传漂移genetics 遗传学genotype 基因型genus (分类学里的)属geologic 地质的glucose 葡萄糖glycogen 糖原glycolysis 糖酵解grasshopper 蝗虫growth ring 年轮guanine 鸟嘌呤gymnosperm 裸子植物habituation 习惯化haploid 单倍体hawk 鹰,隼hay 干草(饲料) hemoglobin 血红蛋白heron 鹭heterotroph 异养生物heterozygous 杂合的homeostasis 体内平衡hoof 蹄hormone 激素hydrogen bond 氢键hydrolysis 水解imprinting 印记inbreeding 近亲繁殖incorporate 包含,合并inheritance 遗传insight 顿悟insulin 胰岛素intake 吸入interbreed 杂交intestine 肠ionization 电离kidney 肾kindom 界lactase 乳糖酵素lactic acid 乳酸lactos 乳糖layer 层legume 豆科植物lethal 致死的likely 可能的liver 肝lizard 蜥蜴lobster 龙虾locomotion 移动,运动lysosome 溶酶体mammal 哺乳动物mammalian 哺乳动物的maple 枫树measles 麻疹mechanically 机械地medulla oblongata 延髓meiosis 减数分裂mesoderm 中胚层mesophyll 叶肉metabolic 新陈代谢的methane 甲烷，沼气migrate 迁移,移居mineral 矿物质mitochondrion(mitochondria) 线粒体mitosis 有丝分裂Mollusca 软体动物门monera 原核生物界monocot 单子叶植物monosaccharide 单糖moss 苔藓moth 蛾multiple 多种的mutation 突变mutualistic 共生的nerve 神经nervous 神经的,紧张的neurotransmitter 神经递质niche 地方,位置nitrogen 氮nitrogen fixation 固氮作用nitrogenous base 含氮碱基(嘌呤,嘧啶等) nuclear membrane 核膜nucleotide 核苷酸nucleus (nuclei) 细胞核nutrient 营养物,营养的oak 橡树octopus 章鱼offspring 后代olfactory bulb 嗅球ominivore 杂食动物order (分类学里的)目organell 细胞器oscillate 摆动，波动ovum (ova) 卵子oxidize 氧化oxygen 氧ozone 臭氧paramecium 草履虫parasite 寄生物parthenogenesis 单性生殖pasture 牧场pepsin 胃蛋白酶pepsinogen 胃蛋白酶原peptide bond 肽键peristalsis 蠕动phagocytosis 呑噬pheromone 外激素,信息素phloem 韧皮部phosphorus 磷phosphorylation 磷酸化photosynthesis 光合作用phylum (分类学里的)门pine 松树pituitary gland 脑下垂体plasma membrane 细胞膜Platyhelminthes 扁形动物门pollinate 授粉polypeptide 多肽pond 池塘population 群体predation 捕食predominantly 大多,主要地predominate 主要的probability 概率producer 生产者progeny 后代prokaryote 原核生物proportion 比例protist 单细胞生物Protista 原生生物界purify 净化pyruvic acid 丙酮酸radial symmetry 辐射状对称recessive 隐性的release 释放reproductive 生殖的Reptilia 爬行纲respiration 呼吸respirometer 呼吸计ribosome 核糖体rupture 破裂salamander 火蜥蜴saturation 饱和scale 鳞secrete 分泌segregate 分离sex-linked 性连锁的shark 鲨鱼soybean 大豆speciation 物种的形成species 物种specimen 样品sperm 精子spermatogenesis 精子生成过程spider 蜘蛛Spongia 海绵动物门starch 淀粉stoma (stomata) 气孔,呼吸孔succession 连续sucrose 蔗糖sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫suspension 悬浮液synthesize 合成temperate 温和的,温带的terrestrial 陆生的tertiary 第三级的thymine 胸腺嘧啶thyroid gland 甲状腺trachea 气管trait 性状trample 踩transpiration 蒸腾作用trial and error 试错法,反复试验trophic level 营养级tropical savanna 热带稀树草原turbidity 紊乱uptake 吸收,摄取uracil 尿嘧啶urchin 海胆urea 尿素urinary bladder 膀胱urine 尿utilize 利用variation 变异vascular 维管的vertebrate 脊椎动物violet 蓝紫色whale 鲸鱼xylem 木质部zygote 合子，受精卵本文转自国际高中。
数理化词汇
数学：add，plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3. 有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5 x +6=22)4. 有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32 round off四舍五入6. 有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数rea lnumber,rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比7. 数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8. 其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2. 所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3. 有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4. 其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5. 有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6. 有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数)opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7. 有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8. 其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的其它1. 单位类cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打(12个)score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度) squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)物理：absolute acceleration 绝对加速度absolute error 绝对误差absolute motion 绝对运动absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute velocity 绝对速度absolute zero 绝对零度absorption 吸收absorptivity 吸收率accelerated motion 加速运动acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration 加速度accidental error 偶然误差acoustics 声学acting force 作用力adjustment 调节aether 以太air pump 抽气机air table 气垫桌air track 气垫导轨alternating current circuit 交流电路alternating current generator 交流发电机alternating current 交流电altimeter 测高仪ammeter 安培计amperemeter 电流计ampere 安培Ampere's experiment 安培实验Ampere's force 安培力Ampere's law 安培定律amperemeter 安培计amplitude 振幅angle of rotation 自转角，转动角angular acceleration 角加速度angular displacement 角位移angular velocity 角速度anion 负离子anisotropy 各向异性annihilation 湮没anode 阳极antenna 天线applied physics 应用物理学Archimedes principle 阿基米德原理area 面积argumentation 论证argument 辐角astigmatoscope 散光镜atomic nucleus 原子核atomic physics 原子物理学atomic spectrum 原子光谱atomic structure 原子结构atom 原子Atwood ' s machine 阿特伍德机average power 平均功率average velocity 平均速度Avogadro constant 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro law 阿伏加德罗定律balance 天平ballistic galvanometer 冲击电流计band spectrum 带状谱barometer 气压计basic quantity 基本量basic units 基本单位battery charger 电池充电器battery,accumulator 蓄电池battery 电池组beam 光束betatron 电子感应加速器Bohr atom model 玻尔原子模型boiling point 沸点boiling 沸腾bounce 反弹bound charge 束缚电荷bound electron 束缚电子branch circuit 支路breakdown 击穿brightness 亮度buoyancy force 浮力calorifics 热学camera 照相机capacitance 电容capacitor 电容器capillarity 毛细现象cathode ray 阴极射线cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管cathode 阴极cation 正离子cell 电池Celsius scale 摄氏温标centre of gravity 重心centre of mass 质心centrifugal force 离心力centripetal acceleration 向心加速度centripetal force 向心力chain reaction 链式反应chaos 混沌characteristic spectrum 特征光谱charged body 带电体charged particle 带电粒子charge 充电circular hole diffraction 圆孔衍射circular motion 圆周运动classical mechanics 经典力学classical physics 经典物理学cloud chamber 云室coefficient of maximum static friction 最大静摩摩系数coefficient of restitution 恢复系数coefficient of sliding friction 滑动摩擦系数coefficient 系数coherent light 相干光源coil 线圈collision 碰撞component force 分力component velocity 分速度composition of forces 力的合成composition of velocities 速度的合成compression 压缩concave lens 凹透镜concave mirror 凹面镜concurrent force 共点力condensation 凝结condenser 电容器conducting medium 导电介质conductor 导体conservative force field 保守力场conservative force 保守力constant force 恒力constant 常量continuous spectrum 连续谱convergent lens 会聚透镜convex lens 凸透镜convex mirror 凸面镜coordinate system 坐标系coplanar force 共面力Corolis force 科里奥利力corpuscular property 粒子性corpuscular theory 微粒说Coulomb force 库仑力coulomb 库仑Coulomb's law 库仑定律counter 计数器creation 产生creepage 漏电crest 波峰critical angle 临界角critical resistance 临界电阻critical temperature 临界温度crystal 晶体current density 电流密度current element 电流元current source 电流源current strength 电流强度curvilinear motion 曲线运动cyclotron 回旋加速器damped vibration 阻尼振动damping 阻尼Daniell cell 丹聂耳电池data processing 数据处理data 数据decay 衰变definition of ampere 安培的定义defocusing 散集density 密度derived quantity 导出量derived unit 导出单位dielectric 电介质diffraction pattern 衍射图样diffraction 衍射diffuse reflection 漫反射digital timer 数字计时器dimensional exponent 量纲指数dimension 量纲diode 二级管diopter 屈光度direct current, DC 直流direct impact 正碰direct measurement 直接测量discharge 放电disorder 无序dispersion 色散displacement 位移divergent lens 发散透镜Doppler effect 多普勒效应double slit diffraction 双缝衍射driving force 驱动力dry cell 干电池echo 回声eddy current 涡流effective value 有效值elastic body 弹性体elastic force 弹［性］力elasticity 弹性electric charge 电荷electric circuit 电路electric corona 电晕electric energy 电能electric field 电场electric field intensity 电场强度electric field line 电场线electric flux 电通量electric leakage 漏电electric neutrality 电中性electric potential 电位，电势electric potential difference 电位差，电势差electric potential energy 电位能electric power 电功率electric quantity 电量electrification 起电electrification by friction 摩擦起电electrified body 带电体electrode 电极electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质electromagnetic damping 电磁阻尼electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射electromagnetic wave 电磁波electromagnetic wave spectrum 电磁波谱electromagnetism induction phenomenon 电磁感应现象electromagnet 电磁体electrometer 静电计electromotive force 电动势electron 电子electron beam 电子束electron cloud 电子云electron microscope 电子显微镜electron volt 电子伏特electroscope 验电器electrostatic equilibrium 静电平衡electrostatic induction 静电感应electrostatic screening 静电屏蔽elementary charge 基本电荷，元电荷energy 能量energy level 能级equilibrium 平衡equilibrium condition 平衡条件equilibrium of forces 力的平衡equilibrium position 平衡位置equilibrium state 平衡态equivalent source theorem 等效电源定理erect image 正像error 误差ether 以太evaporation 蒸发excitation 激发excitation state 激发态experiment 实验experimental physics 实验物理学external force 外力eyepiece 目镜far sight 远视Faraday cylinder 法拉第圆筒Faraday law of electromagnetic induction 法拉第电磁感应定律Faraday's law of electromagnetic induct 法拉第电磁感应定律farad 法拉(电容的单位)film interference 薄膜干涉final velocity 末速度first cosmic velocity 第一宇宙速度fission 裂变fixed-axis rotation 定轴转动flotation balance 浮力秤fluid 流体focal length 焦距focusing 调焦，聚焦focus 焦点force 力forced vibration 受迫振动fractal 分形free charge 自由电荷free electron 自由电子free period 自由周期freezing point 凝固点frequency 频率friction force 摩擦力fusion 聚变galvanometer 电流计gas 气体general physics 普通物理学generator 发电机good conductor 良导体gravitation 引力gravity 重力gravitational potential energy 重力势能gravity field 重力场ground earth 接地ground state 基态ground wire 地线hadron 强子half life period 半衰期heat 热heat transfer 传热henry 亨利hertz 赫兹(频率的单位)Hooke law 胡克定律humidity 湿度hydrogen 氢原子hypothesis 假设ice point 冰点ideal gas 理想气体image 像image distance 像距image height 像高imaging 成像imperfect inelastic collision 非完全弹性碰撞impulse 冲量incident angle 入射角incident ray 入射线indirect measurement 间接测量induced electric current 感应电流induced electric field 感应电场induction current 感应电流induction electromotive force 感应电动势induction motor 感应电动机inertia 惯性inertial force 惯性力inertial system 惯性系infrared ray 红外线infrasonic wave 次声波initial phase 初位相initial velocity 初速度input 输入instantaneous power 瞬时功率instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度instrument 仪器insulated conductor 绝缘导体insulating medium 绝缘介质insulator 绝缘体intensity of sound 声强interference 干涉interference fringe 干涉条纹interference pattern 干涉图样interferometer 干涉仪internal energy 内能internal force 内力internal resistance 内阻intonation 声调inverted image 倒像invisible light 不可见光ion beam 离子束ionization 电离irreversible process 不可逆过程isobaric process 等压过程isobar 等压线isochoric process 等体积过程isothermal 等温线isothermal process 等温过程isotope 同位素isotropy 各向同性joule 焦耳（功的单位）Joule heat 焦耳热Joule law 焦耳定律Joule' law 焦耳定律Kepler law 开普勒定律kinematics 运动学kinetic energy 动能Laplace's equation 拉普拉斯方程laser 激光，激光器law 定律law of conservation of angular momentum 角动量守恒定律law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy 机械能守恒定律law of conservation of momentum 动量守恒定律law of electric charge conservation 电荷守恒定律Le Système International d ` Unit è s 国际单位制(SI)lead 导线length 长度lens 透镜lens formula 透镜公式Lenz's law 楞次定律lepton 轻子Light ray 光线light source 光源light wave 光波lightning rod 避雷针light 光line spectrum 线状谱lines of current 电流线lines of force of electric field 电力线liquefaction 液化liquefaction point 液化点liquid 液体longitudinal wave 纵波loop 回路Lorentz force 洛仑兹力luminous intensity 发光强度magnetic field 磁场magnetic field intensity 磁场强度magnetic field line 磁场线magnetic induction flux 磁感应通量magnetic induction 磁感应强度magnetic induction line 磁感应线magnetic material 磁性材料magnetic needle 磁针magnetic pole 磁极magnetics 磁学magnetism 磁学magnetization 磁化magnet 磁体magnification 放大率magnifier 放大镜，放大器manometer 流体压强计mass 质量mass defect 质量亏损mass-energy equation 质能方程matter 物质matter wave 物质波Maxwell's equations 麦克斯韦方程组mean speed 平均速率mean velocity 平均速度measurement 测量mechanical energy 机械能mechanical motion 机械运动mechanical vibration 机械振动mechanics 力学medium 介质melting fusion 熔化melting point 熔点metre rule 米尺microdetector 灵敏电流计micrometer caliper 螺旋测微器microscope 显微镜microscopic particle 微观粒子mirror reflection 镜面反射mirror 镜mixed unit system 混合单位制modern physics 现代物理学molar volume 摩尔体积molecular spectrum 分子光谱molecular structure 分子结构moment of force 力矩momentum of electromagnetic field 电磁场的动量momentum 动量motor 电动机multimeter 多用［电］表musical quality 音色N pole 北极natural frequency 固有频率natural light 自然光negative charge 负电荷negative crystal 负晶体negative ion 负离子negative plate 负极板network 网络neutralization 中和neutron 中子newton 牛顿（力的单位）Newton first law 牛顿第一定律Newton second law 牛顿第二定律Newton third law 牛顿第三定律nonequilibrium state 非平衡态north pole 北极nucleus force 核力nucleus of condensation 凝结核object 物object distance 物距object height 物高objective 物镜observation 观察Oersted's experiment 奥斯特实验ohm 欧姆Ohm law 欧姆定律ohmmeter 欧姆计Ohm's law 欧姆定律open circuit 开路optical bench 光具座optical centre of lens 透镜光心optical fiber 光导纤维optical glass 光学玻璃optical instrument 光学仪器optical lever 光杠杆optical path difference 光程差optical path 光程(路)optically denser medium 光密介质optically thinner medium 光疏介质optics 光学orbit 轨道order 有序oscillograph 示波器output 输出overweight 超重parallel connection of condensers 电容器的并联parallelogram rule 平行四边形定律parallel-resonance circuit 并联谐振电路parameter 参量particle 质点，粒子Pascal law 帕斯卡定律path 路程peak 峰值pendulum 摆penumbra 半影perfect conductor 理想导体perfect elastic collision 完全弹性碰撞perfect inelastic collision 完全非弹性碰撞periodicity 周期性period 周期periscope 潜望镜permanent magnet 永磁体permittivity of vacuum 真空介电常数permittivity 电容率phase 位相phenomenon 现象photocurrent 光电流photoelectric cell 光电管photoelectric effect 光电效应photoelectron 光电子photography 照相术photon 光子physical balance 物理天平physical quantity 物理量physics 物理学piezometer 压强计pitch 音调Planck constant 普朗克常量plasma 等离子体point charge 点电荷polarization 偏振polarized light 偏振光polycrystal 多晶体poor conductor 不良导体positive charge 正电荷positive crystal 正晶体positive ion 正离子positive plate 正极板positron 正电子potential energy 势能potentiometer 电位差计power 功率pressure 压强，压力primary coil 原线圈principle of constancy of light velocity 光速不变原理prism 棱镜projectile 抛体projectile motion 抛体运动projector 投影仪proton 质子pulley 滑轮pulley block 滑轮组quantity of heat 热量quantization 量子化quantum 量子quantum mechanics 量子力学quantum number 量子数radar 雷达radioactive source 放射源radius of gyration 回旋半径random motion 无规则运动range 量程rated voltage 额定电压reacting force 反作用力real image 实像real object 实物reasoning 推理recoil 反冲rectilinear motion 直线运动reference frame 参考系，坐标系reference system 参考系reflected angle 反射角reflected ray 反射线reflection coefficient 反射系数reflection law 反射定律reflectivity 反射率refracted angle 折射角refracted ray 折射线refraction law 折射定律refraction coefficient 折射系数refractive index 折射率relative acceleration 相对加速度relative error 相对误差relative motion 相对运动relative velocity 相对速度relativity 相对论resistance 电阻resistance box 电阻箱resistivity 电阻率resistor 电阻［器］resolution of force 力的分解resolution of velocity 速度的分解resonance 共振，共鸣resonant frequency 共振频率resultant force 合力resultant velocity 合速度reversibility of optical path 光路可逆性reversible process 可逆过程rheostat 变阻器right-hand screw rule 右手螺旋定则rocker 火箭rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场rotation 自转，转动Rutherford scattering 卢瑟福散射Rutherford ［α-particle scattering］experiment 卢瑟福［α散射］实验S pole 南极saturation 饱和scalar 标量scalar field 标量场scanner 扫描器second cosmic velocity 第二宇宙速度selective absorption 选择吸收self-induced electromotive force 自感电动势self-inductance 自感self-induction phenomenon 自感系数semiconductor 半导体semi-transparent film 半透膜sensitive galvanometer 灵敏电流计sensitivity 灵敏度sensitometer 感光计sensor 传感器series connection of condensers 电容器的串联series-resonance circuit 串联谐振电路short circuit 短路short sight 近视shunt resistor 分流电阻significant figure 有效数字simple harmonic motion (SHM) 简谐运动simple harmonic wave 简谐波simple pendulum 单摆single crystal（monocrystal）单晶体single slit diffraction 单缝衍射sinusoidal alternating current 简谐交流电sinusoidal current 正弦式电流sliding friction 滑动摩擦slit 狭缝solar cell 太阳能电池solenoid 螺线管solidification 凝固solidifying point 凝固点solid 固体solution 溶液solvation 溶解sonar 声纳sound source 声源sound velocity 声速sound wave 声波sound 声［音］source 电源south pole 南极space 空间spark discharge 火花放电special relativity 狭义相对论specific heat capacity 比热容spectacles 眼镜spectral analysis 光谱分析spectral line ［光］谱线spectrograph 摄谱仪spectrography 摄谱学spectroscopy 光谱学spectrum 光谱speed 速率spherical mirror 球面镜spontaneous radiation 自发辐射spring balance 弹簧秤stability 稳定性stabilized current supply 稳流电源stabilized voltage supply 稳压电源standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压standard cell 标准电池standing wave 驻波static friction 静摩擦stationary state 定态steady current 恒定电流steady current source 恒流源steady voltage source 恒压源steam point 汽点stiffness 劲度［系数］stimulated radiation 受激辐射stop watch 停表sublimation 升华superconductivity 超导［电］性superconductor 超导体superposition principle of electric field 电场强度叠加原理superposition theorem 叠加定律supersaturation 过度饱和supersonic speed 超声速supersonic wave 超声波supply transformer 电源变压器surface resistance 表面电阻switch 开关system of concurrent forces 共点力系system of particles 质点系system of units 单位制systematic error 系统误差telescope 望远镜temperature 温度tension 张力the law of gravity 万有引力定律theorem 原理theorem of kinetic energy 动能定理theorem of momentum 动量定理theoretical physics 理论物理学theory 理论thermal capacity 热容［量］thermal equilibrium 热平衡thermal motion 热运动thermal transmission 传热thermodynamic scale ［of temperature］热力学温标thermodynamic temperature 热力学温度thermometer 温度计thermometric scale 温标thermonuclear reaction 热核反应thick lens 厚透镜thin lens 薄透镜third cosmic velocity 第三宇宙速度three-phase alternating current 三相［交变］电流time 时间timer 定时器，计时器torsion balance 扭秤total reflection 全反射trajectory 轨道transformer 变压器transistor 晶体管transition 跃迁translation 平移transmission line 传输线transmissivity 透射率transverse wave 横波triboelectrification 摩擦起电triode 三极管trough 波谷tuning fork 音叉turbulent flow 湍流ultrasound wave 超声波ultraviolet ray 紫外线umbra 本影undulatory property 波动性uniform dielectric 均匀电介质uniform motion 匀速运动unit 单位unit system 单位制universal constant 普适常量universal gravitation 万有引力universal meter 多用［电］表vacuum tube 真空管vacuum 真空value of amplitude 幅值vaporization 汽化variable 变量vector 矢量velocity of light 光速velocity 速度verification 验证vernier 游标vernier caliper 游标卡尺vibration 振动viewing angle 视角viewing field 视场virtual image 虚像virtual object 虚物virtual value 有效值visibility 可见度visible light 可见光voltage 电压voltage division circuit 分压电路voltaic cell 伏打电池voltmeter 伏特计voltmeter-ammeter method 伏安法volt 伏特volume 体积vortex electric field 涡旋电场watt 瓦特wave equation 波动方程wave theory 波动说wavelength 波长wave-particle dualism 波粒二象性wave 波weight 重量weightlessness 失重white light 白光work 功work function 逸出功X-ray X射线Young experiment 杨氏实验zero line 零线α -decay α衰变α -particle α粒子α -ray α射线β -decay β衰变β -ray β射线γ -decay γ衰变γ -ray γ射线基础化学常用英语词汇英文全称缩写中文Abstracts Abstr. 文摘Abbreviation 缩语和略语Acta 学报Advances 进展Annals Anna. 纪事Annual Annu. 年鉴，年度Semi-Annual 半年度Annual Review 年评Appendix Appx 附录Archives 文献集Association Assn 协会Author 作者Bibliography 书目，题录Biological Abstract BA 生物学文摘Bulletin 通报，公告Chemical Abstract CA 化学文摘Citation Cit 引文，题录Classification 分类，分类表College Coll. 学会，学院Compact Disc-Read Only Memory CD-ROM 只读光盘Company Co. 公司Content 目次Co-term 配合词，共同词Cross-references 相互参见Digest 辑要，文摘Directory 名录，指南Dissertations Diss. 学位论文Edition Ed. 版次Editor Ed. 编者、编辑Excerpta Medica EM 荷兰《医学文摘》Encyclopedia 百科全书The Engineering Index Ei 工程索引Et al 等等European Patent Convertion EPC 欧洲专利协定Federation 联合会Gazette 报，公报Guide 指南Handbook 手册Heading 标题词Illustration Illus. 插图Index 索引Cumulative Index 累积索引Index Medicus IM 医学索引Institute Inst. 学会、研究所International Patent Classification IPC 国际专利分类法International Standard Book Number ISBN 国际标准书号International Standard Series Number ISSN 国际标准刊号Journal J. 杂志、刊Issue 期（次）Keyword 关键词Letter Let. 通讯、读者来信List 目录、一览表Manual 手册Medical Literature Analysis and MADLARS 医学文献分析与检索系统Retrieval System Medical Subject Headings MeSH 医学主题词表Note 札记Papers 论文Patent Cooperation Treaty PCT 国际专利合作条约Precision Ratio 查准率Press 出版社Procceedings Proc. 会报、会议录Progress 进展Publication Publ. 出版物Recall Ratio 查全率Record 记录、记事Report 报告、报导Review 评论、综述Sciences Abstracts SA 科学文摘Section Sec. 部分、辑、分册See also 参见Selective Dissemination of Information SDI 定题服务Seminars 专家讨论会文集Series Ser. 丛书、辑Society 学会Source 来源、出处Subheadings 副主题词Stop term 禁用词Subject 主题Summary 提要Supplement Suppl. 附刊、增刊Survey 概览Symposium Symp. 专题学术讨论会Thesaurus 叙词表、词库Title 篇名、刊名、题目Topics 论题、主题Transactions 汇报、汇刊Volume Vol. 卷World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO 世界知识产权World Patent Index WPI 世界专利索引Yearbook 年鉴基础化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts i. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation变异系数（CV）190. confidence level置信水平191. confidence interval置信区间192. significant test显著性检验193. significant figure有效数字194. standard solution标准溶液195. titration滴定196. stoichiometric point化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error滴定误差199. primary standard基准物质200. amount of substance物质的量201. standardization标定202. chemical reaction化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium化学平衡205. titer滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte电解质214. ion-product constant of water水的离子积215. ionization电离216. proton condition质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange甲基橙220. acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein酚酞222. coordination compound配位化合。
轻松搞定ACT,SAT2,AP!生物学必考英文词汇汇总
轻松搞定ACT，SAT2，AP！生物学必考英文词汇汇总ACT考试科学部分对生物学的考察以及SAT2，AP的生物学考试让中国考生纠结不已，其原因并不是因为知识点难度有多高，而是因为生物的英文词汇不认识，导致题目看不懂。
小编特汇总了生物学的必考词汇，共计289个，助大家快速征服这些考试，斩获高分！词汇释义accumulation 积累adenine 腺嘌呤adequate 充分的aeration 通气aerobic respiration 有氧呼吸alga (algae) 藻类allele 等位基因amino acid 氨基酸Amphibia 两栖纲anaerobic 厌氧的angiosperm 被子植物Annelida 环节动物门apical meristem 顶端分生组织appendage 附属物,附肢aquatic 水生的arctic tundra 北极苔原arithmetical 算术的Arthropoda 节足动物artificial 人工的assortment (染色体)分配atmospheric 大气的autosomal 常染色体的autotroph 自养生物baldness 谢顶,秃头bass 鲈鱼bile 胆汁biome 生物群落blastula 囊胚boreal taiga 寒带针叶林brine 海水cambrium 形成层carbon dioxide 二氧化碳catalyze 催化centipede 蜈蚣centrifuge 离心cerebellum 小脑cerebral cortex 大脑皮层chamber 室,腔characteristic 特征chicken pox 水痘chitin 几丁质chloroghyll 叶绿素chloroplast 叶绿体Choradata 脊索动物门chromatid 染色单体chromosome 染色体churn 搅拌circulatory system 循环系统class 纲codominant 共显性Coelenterata 腔肠动物门community 群落conditioning 条件反射conjugation 接合consumer 消费者crayfish 螯虾cross 杂交cultivate 种植cytochrome C 细胞色素C cytosine 胞嘧啶decomposer 分解者dehydration 脱水detoxify 解(毒),清除dicot 双子叶植物digestive tract 消化道disjunction 分离diversity 多样性dominant 显性的;显性性状dorsal 背部的earthworm 蚯蚓ectoderm 外胚层embryo 胚胎endoderm 内胚层endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 内质网enzyme 酶epidermis 表皮equilibrium 平衡erosion 腐蚀eutrophication 营养性生长过度,富营养化evaporate 蒸发excessive 过度的excrement 粪便excretion 排泄物excretory 排泄的exhaustion 极度疲劳exponential 指数的extinction 灭绝facilitate 促进,推动family (分类学里的)科fermentation 发酵fern 蕨类植物fertile 能生育的fertilize 受精,施肥flavin 核黄素fluctuate 变化,波动fungus (fungi) 真菌fusion 融合,聚变galactose 半乳糖gamete 配子gastrula 原肠胚genetic drift 遗传漂移genetics 遗传学genotype 基因型genus (分类学里的)属geologic 地质的glucose 葡萄糖glycogen 糖原glycolysis 糖酵解grasshopper 蝗虫growth ring 年轮guanine 鸟嘌呤gymnosperm 裸子植物habituation 习惯化haploid 单倍体hawk 鹰,隼hay 干草(饲料) hemoglobin 血红蛋白heron 鹭heterotroph 异养生物heterozygous 杂合的homeostasis 体内平衡hoof 蹄hormone 激素hydrogen bond 氢键hydrolysis 水解imprinting 印记inbreeding 近亲繁殖incorporate 包含,合并inheritance 遗传insight 顿悟insulin 胰岛素intake 吸入interbreed 杂交intestine 肠ionization 电离kidney 肾kindom 界lactase 乳糖酵素lactic acid 乳酸lactos 乳糖layer 层legume 豆科植物lethal 致死的likely 可能的liver 肝lizard 蜥蜴lobster 龙虾locomotion 移动,运动lysosome 溶酶体mammal 哺乳动物mammalian 哺乳动物的maple 枫树measles 麻疹mechanically 机械地medulla oblongata 延髓meiosis 减数分裂mesoderm 中胚层mesophyll 叶肉metabolic 新陈代谢的methane 甲烷，沼气migrate 迁移,移居mineral 矿物质mitochondrion(mitochondria) 线粒体mitosis 有丝分裂Mollusca 软体动物门monera 原核生物界monocot 单子叶植物monosaccharide 单糖moss 苔藓moth 蛾multiple 多种的mutation 突变mutualistic 共生的nerve 神经nervous 神经的,紧张的neurotransmitter 神经递质niche 地方,位置nitrogen 氮nitrogen fixation 固氮作用nitrogenous base 含氮碱基(嘌呤,嘧啶等) nuclear membrane 核膜nucleotide 核苷酸nucleus (nuclei) 细胞核nutrient 营养物,营养的oak 橡树octopus 章鱼offspring 后代olfactory bulb 嗅球ominivore 杂食动物order (分类学里的)目organell 细胞器oscillate 摆动，波动ovum (ova) 卵子oxidize 氧化oxygen 氧ozone 臭氧paramecium 草履虫parasite 寄生物parthenogenesis 单性生殖pasture 牧场pepsin 胃蛋白酶pepsinogen 胃蛋白酶原peptide bond 肽键peristalsis 蠕动phagocytosis 呑噬pheromone 外激素,信息素phloem 韧皮部phosphorus 磷phosphorylation 磷酸化photosynthesis 光合作用phylum (分类学里的)门pine 松树pituitary gland 脑下垂体plasma membrane 细胞膜Platyhelminthes 扁形动物门pollinate 授粉polypeptide 多肽pond 池塘population 群体predation 捕食predominantly 大多,主要地predominate 主要的probability 概率producer 生产者progeny 后代prokaryote 原核生物proportion 比例protist 单细胞生物Protista 原生生物界purify 净化pyruvic acid 丙酮酸radial symmetry 辐射状对称recessive 隐性的release 释放reproductive 生殖的Reptilia 爬行纲respiration 呼吸respirometer 呼吸计ribosome 核糖体rupture 破裂salamander 火蜥蜴saturation 饱和scale 鳞secrete 分泌segregate 分离sex-linked 性连锁的shark 鲨鱼soybean 大豆speciation 物种的形成species 物种specimen 样品sperm 精子spermatogenesis 精子生成过程spider 蜘蛛Spongia 海绵动物门starch 淀粉stoma (stomata) 气孔,呼吸孔succession 连续sucrose 蔗糖sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫suspension 悬浮液synthesize 合成temperate 温和的,温带的terrestrial 陆生的tertiary 第三级的thymine 胸腺嘧啶thyroid gland 甲状腺trachea 气管trait 性状trample 踩transpiration 蒸腾作用trial and error 试错法,反复试验trophic level 营养级tropical savanna 热带稀树草原turbidity 紊乱uptake 吸收,摄取uracil 尿嘧啶urchin 海胆urea 尿素urinary bladder 膀胱urine 尿utilize 利用variation 变异vascular 维管的vertebrate 脊椎动物violet 蓝紫色whale 鲸鱼xylem 木质部zygote 合子，受精卵本文转自国际高中。
国际高中生必读39国际高中AP微积分必考单词汇总
国际高中AP微积分必考单词汇总国际学校国际高中生必读之三十九AP微积分词汇的重要性想必大家已经知道了，如果因为看不懂题目而拿不到5分，那就太可惜了。
所以斯代文森上海国际高中小编整理了AP必考词汇，国际学校的学子们，赶紧学起来！add, subtract, multiply, divide 加减乘除sum, difference, product, quotient 和差积商root 根the square root平方根zero 零点interval 区间endpoint 端点open/closed interval开/闭区间length of an interval区间长度variable 变量independent variable自变量（x）dependent variable因变量（y）intermediate variable中间变量function 函数domain 定义域range值域composite function复合函数inverse function反函数sign function符号函数absolute value 绝对值the greatest-integer function 取整函数piecewise function分段函数function property函数性质symmetry 对称性even function偶函数odd function奇函数periodic function周期函数monotone function单调函数elementary function初等函数power function幂函数polynomial function 多项式函数coefficient 系数degree 阶数linear function 线性函数x-intercept 横截距y-intercept 纵截距quadratic function 二次函数cubic function 三次函数rational function 有理函数numerator 分子denominator 分母exponential function指数函数logarithmic function对数函数natural logarithms 自然对数trigonometric function三角函数inverse trigonometric function反三角函数periodicity 周期amplitude 振幅parametric equation参数方程parameter 参数rectangular coordinate 直角坐标polar coordinate 极坐标polar function极（坐标）函数angle 角degree 角度radian 弧度radius 半径spiral 螺旋线rose 玫瑰线cardioid 心形线limacon 蜗牛线vector value function向量值函数transforming function函数变换operation of function函数运算limit 极限one-sided limit 单侧极限left-hand limit左极限right-hand limit右极限approach接近，靠近infinity 无穷大positive infinity正无穷大negative infinity负无穷大end behavior 终端趋势asymptote 渐近线horizontal asymptote 水平渐近线vertical asymptote 垂直渐近线slanting (oblique) asymptote 斜渐近线Sandwich (squeeze) theorem 夹逼定理continuous 连续的continuity 连续discontinuity 不连续jump discontinuity 跳跃间断点removable discontinuity 可去间断点infinite discontinuity 无穷间断点the extreme value theorem 最值定理the intermediate value theorem 介值定理expand 展开simplify化简factor…out of约去Derivativesderivative 导数differentiation 微分differentiable 可微的average rate of change 平均变化量instantaneous rate of change 瞬时变化量tangent line 切线secant line 割线normal line 法线slope 斜率parallel 平行perpendicular 垂直reciprocal 倒数negative reciprocal 负倒数with respect to x 对x求导first/second/nth derivative一阶/二阶/n阶导数higher order derivative高阶导数the power rule幂法则the addition rule加法法则the product rule乘法法则the quotient rule商法则chain rule链式法则the mean value theorem 中值定理corner 不可导的一种（尖角：绝对值）cusp 不可导的一种（尖角）original equation 原方程absolute (global) maximum最大值relative (local) maximum极大值extreme value 极值optimal value 最优值critical point 驻点inflection point 拐点L’Hopital’s rule 洛必达法则analytic geometry 解析几何dimension 维数circle 圆semicircle 半圆diameter 直径radius 半径cone 圆锥conic 圆锥曲线eccentricity 离心率vertex 顶点vertices 顶点（复数）focus 焦点foci 焦点（focus的复数）焦距ellipse 椭圆major axis 长轴minor axis 短轴hyperbola 双曲线real (transverse) axis 实轴imaginary (conjugate) axis 虚轴parabola 抛物线length/width 长/宽perimeter/circumference 周长area面积surface area 表面积right triangle 直角三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形volume 体积cubic 立方体的cylindrical 圆柱的rectangular prism长方体sphere 球体right circular cone直圆锥oblique circular cone斜圆锥concave up 上凹concave down 下凹particle 粒子，质点position 位置distance 路程displacement 位移velocity 速度（矢量）speed 速率（标量）acceleration 加速度speed down 减速speed up 加速related rate 相关变化率approximation 近似error 误差linear approximation 线性估值tangent-line approximation 切线法估值elevation angle 仰角altitude 高度，海拔longitude 经度latitude 纬度Integralsintegration 积分antiderivative 不定积分indefinite integral 不定积分constant of integration 积分常数substitution 换元integration by parts (parts formula) 分部积分法definite integral 定积分integrand function 被积函数lower and upper limits of integration 积分上下限fundamental theorem of calculus 微积分基本公式（牛顿-莱布尼茨公式）integrable 可积的mean value theorem for integrals 积分中值定理average value of a function 积分中值Riemann Sum 黎曼和rectangle 矩形left/right/midpoint sum 左端点、右端点、中点和trapezoid 梯形trapezoid rule 梯形估值uncertain limit integral 变限积分arc length 弧长area 面积volume 体积solids with known cross section 截面体solids of revolution 旋转体disk 旋转截面washer 旋转圆环shell 圆柱薄壁improper integral 反常积分converge 收敛diverge 发散the comparison test 比较判别法differential equation 微分方程solution 解general solution 一般解particular solution 特殊解initial condition 初始条件slope fields 斜率场Euler’s method 欧拉方法separable 可分离exponential growth 指数增长exponential decay (diminish, decompose) 指数衰减half-life 半衰期restricted growth 有限制的增长logistic growth逻辑斯谛增长be proportional to 成比例Polynomial Approximations and Series sequence数列term 项subscript 下标nth (general) term 通项partial sum 部分和series 级数infinite series 无穷级数harmonic series 调和级数p-series p级数geometric series 几何级数integral test 积分判别法ratio test 比值判别法nth root test 根值判别法comparison test 比较判别法limit comparison test 比较判别法的极限形式alternating series 交错级数absolute convergence 绝对收敛conditional convergence 条件收敛error bound 误差界power series 幂级数radius of convergence 收敛半径interval of convergence 收敛区间T aylor series 泰勒级数Maclaurin series 麦克劳林级数Lagrange remainder 拉格朗日余项Lagrange error bound 拉格朗日误差Euler’s magic formula 欧拉公式还有什么其他不懂的，记得在留言区找斯代文森国际高中小编哦~随着国际高中课程的火热开展，国内开设的国际学校也越来越多，许多家长对于学校的选择越来越迷茫。
SAT2物理词汇汇总
SAT2物理词汇汇总为了帮助大家顺利通过SAT2物理考试，下面三立小编为你带来SAT2物理词汇汇总一文，希望对你有所帮助，更多资讯请访问三立在线教育，专业老师为你在线解答相关疑问。
absorptivity 吸收率accelerated motion 加速运动acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration 加速度accidental error 偶然误差acoustics 声学acting force 作用力Ampere's force 安培力Ampere's law 安培定律amperemeter 安培计amplitude 振幅angular acceleration 角加速度angular displacement 角位移applied physics 应用物理学Archimedes principle 阿基米德原理area 面积argumentation 论证atom 原子Atwood ' s machine 阿特伍德机average velocity 平均速度Avogadro constant 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro law 阿伏加德罗定律balance 天平ballistic galvanometer 冲击电流计band spectrum 带状谱barometer 气压计basic units 基本单位battery charger 电池充电器battery,accumulator 蓄电池battery 电池组beam 光束boiling 沸腾bounce 反弹bound charge 束缚电荷bound electron 束缚电子centripetal acceleration 向心加速度centripetal force 向心力chain reaction 链式反应charged body 带电体charged particle 带电粒子charge 充电circular hole diffraction 圆孔衍射circular motion 圆周运动classical mechanics 经典力学classical physics 经典物理学cloud chamber 云室convergent lens 会聚透镜convex lens 凸透镜convex mirror 凸面镜coordinate system 坐标系coplanar force 共面力Corolis force 科里奥利力corpuscular property 粒子性Corpuscular theory 微粒说Coulomb force 库仑力coulomb 库仑Coulomb's law 库仑定律damping 阻尼Daniell cell 丹聂耳电池data processing 数据处理data 数据Decay 衰变definition of ampere 安培的定义defocusing 散集density 密度derived quantity 导出量direct current, DC 直流direct impact 正碰direct measurement 直接测量discharge 放电disorder 无序dispersion 色散displacement 位移divergent lens 发散透镜electric flux 电通量electric leakage 漏电electric neutrality 电中性electric potential 电位，电势electric potential difference 电位差，电势差electric potential energy电位能electric power 电功率electric quantity 电量electrification 起电electrified body 带电体electrode 电极electrolysis 电解Electrolyte 电解质electrostatic screening 静电屏蔽elementary charge 基本电荷，元电荷energy 能量energy level 能级equilibrium 平衡equilibrium of forces 力的平衡equilibrium position 平衡位置Equilibrium state 平衡态eyepiece 目镜far sight 远视Faraday cylinder 法拉第圆筒Faraday law of electromagnetic induction 法拉第电磁感应定律Faraday's law of electromagnetic induct 法拉第电磁感应定律farad 法拉(电容的单位)film interference 薄膜干涉Final velocity 末速度first cosmic velocity 第一宇宙速度fission 裂变fixed-axis rotation 定轴转动flotation balance 浮力秤fluid 流体focal length 焦距focusing 调焦，聚焦focus 焦点force 力freezing point 凝固点frequency 频率friction force 摩擦力fusion 聚变gravity 重力gravitational potential energy 重力势能gravity field 重力场以上相关信息由三立在线为你提供，希望阅读完以上文章后，你能有所收获，对学习有一定的帮助，更多资讯请访问三立在线，专业老师为你指导讲解相关疑惑，为你的考试之路保驾护航。
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轻松搞定ACT，SAT2，AP！数理化学科必考英文词汇汇总ACT，SAT2，AP等考查理科水平的英文考试让中国考生纠结不已，其原因并不是因为各学科的知识点难度有多高，而是因为学科的英文词汇不认识，导致题目根本看不懂。
为帮助考生们克服这一困难，快速征服这些考试，小编为大家汇总了数理化三个学科的必考词汇，共计390个，供大家们参考，祝大家考试顺利，斩获高分！数学（107个）：词汇释义assume that 假设approximation 近似，近似值absolute value 绝对值acute 锐（角）adjacent angle 邻角alternate angles 内错角angle 角area 面积arithmetic sequence 等差数列assumption 假设asymptote 渐近线at random 随机地average 平均的axis 轴base 底面，底数be inscribed in 内接于binomial 二项式circle 圆circumference 周长clockwise 顺时针的common difference (等差数列的)公差common divisor 公约数common ratio (等比数列的)公比common multiple 公倍数composite number 合数cone 圆锥congruent 全等的constant 不变的；常数coordinate 坐标cube 立方体cube root 立方根cylinder 圆柱体decimal 小数diagonal 对角线digit 数字，位divide 除divisible 可整除的domain 定义域eccentricity 离心率elipse 椭圆equilateral 等边的even 偶的expotent 指数fraction 分数function 函数geometric sequence 等比数列hyperbola 双曲线inequality 不等式infinite 无穷的integer 整数intercept 截距interior angle 内角intersect 相交irrational number 无理数isosceles 等腰的major axis 长轴mean 平均数median 中数minor axis 短轴minus 减mode 众数multiply 乘negative 负的number line 数轴obtuse 钝（角）odd 奇的origin of coordinates 原点parallel 平行的parallelogram 平行四边形perimeter 周长perpendicular 垂直的plus 加polynomial 多项式positive 正的prime number 质数probability 概率product 积proportion 比例quadruple 四倍的quotient 商radian 弧度radius 半径range 值域rational number 有理数reciprocal 倒数rectangle 矩形right 直(角）scalene 不等边的，不等边三角形section 截面sector 扇形segment 线段similar 相似的slope 斜率sphere 球体square 正方形square root 平方根standard deviation 标准差sum 和tangent 相切term 项translate 移动trapezoid 梯形triangle 三角形triple 三倍value 值vector 矢量vertex 顶点物理（127个）词汇释义acceleration 加速度anion 阴离子ammeter 安培表amplitude 振幅band 条,带bar 条,带bombard 轰击cation 阳离子capacitor 电容centripetal force 向心力circuit 电路coherent 相干的coil 线圈collision 碰撞comet 彗星convection 对流converging lens 凸透镜coulomb 库仑critical angle 临界角decay 衰变deflecte 偏转density 密度diffraction 衍射dilation 伸长diminish 减小discrete 离散的，不连续的diverge 分开，分岔diverging lens 凹透镜elastic 弹性的electric generator 发电机electric motor 电动机electromotive force(e.m.f.) 电动势elctron capture 电子捕获emission 散发，发射entropy 熵estimate 估计excited state 激发态exert 施加expansion 膨胀fiber optic 光导纤维focal length 焦距spring(or force) constant (弹簧的)倔强系数frequency 频率frictionless 光滑无摩擦的gravity 重力ground state 基态half-life 半衰期halve 减半的horizontal 水平的hydraulic jack 液压千斤顶impinge 撞击incident ray 入射光index of refraction 折射率induction current 感应电流inertia 惯性initial 初始的interference 干涉internal 内部的isotope 同位素kinetic energy 动能latent heat 潜热lever 杠杆longitudinal wave 纵波magnetic 磁的magnetic flux 磁通量magnify 扩大magnitude 大小mass 质量matter wave 物质波moment 力矩momentum 动量negligible 可忽略的neutron 中子nuclear fission 核裂变nuclear fusion 核聚变optic 光学的oscillate 振动，摇摆parabola 抛物线parallel 并联particle 粒子pendulum 钟摆permanent 永久的photon 光子pitch 音高polarization 偏振positron 正电子potential energy 势能power 功率propagation 传播proton 质子pulley 滑轮radioactive 放射性refracte 折射relativity 相对性resistor 电阻rest 静止revolution 一周rigid 刚性的scalar 标量semiconductor 半导体series 串联sign （电量等的）符号simple harmonic motion 简谐运动simultaneously 同时地slit 狭缝solenoid 螺线管spectrum 光谱，波谱speed 速率sphere 球体spring 弹簧standing wave 驻波superconductor 超导体superimpose 叠加tesla 特斯拉(磁强单位) thermal 热量的thermodynamics 热力学torque 转矩，扭矩total reflection 全反射transition 跃迁transverse wave 横波uniform 均匀的velocity 速度virtual image 虚像voltage 电压voltmeter 电压表wavelength 波长wave-particle duality 波粒二象性化学（156个）：词汇释义acid 酸activated complex 活化络合物activation energy 活化能aggregate 聚合alkali metals 碱金属alkaline earth metals 碱土金属alkane 烷烃alkene 烯烃alkyne 炔烃allotropy 同素异形体alloy 合金aluminum 铝ammonia 氨amorphous 非晶体amphoteric 两性的anode 阳极anomalous 不规则的aqueous 水溶液argon 氩Avogadro's law 阿佛加德罗定律barium 钡bauxite 铝土矿bleaching 漂白bond 键boron 硼brass 黄铜bromine 湨buret 滴定管calcium 钙calory 卡路里carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonate 碳酸盐carboxylic acid 羧酸catalyst 催化剂cathode reaction 阴极反应cellulose 纤维素chlorine 氯chromium 铬coefficient 系数combination reaction 化合反应combustion 燃烧composition 组成compound 化合物concentrated 浓的concentration 浓度condensation 冷凝covalent bond 共价键cracking 裂解crude oil 原油crystal 晶体deoxyribose 脱氧核糖diatomic molecule 双原子分子diffusion 扩散dilute 稀的displacement reaction 置换反应distillation 蒸馏double bonds 双键dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡electrolysis 电解elcetrolyte 电解质electronic configuration 电子排布element 元素empirical formula 经验式endothermic 吸热的enthalpy 焓erosion 腐蚀ethanoic acid 乙酸ethanol 乙醇ethene 乙烯evaporation 蒸发exothermic 放热的extraction 提炼filtering 过滤flame test 焰色反应fluorine 氟fractional distillation 分馏freezing point 凝固点glucose 葡萄糖glycogen 糖原graphite 石墨greenhouse effect 温室效应Haber process 哈伯法(制氨) halogen 卤素helium 氦homologous series 同系物hydrocarbon 烃hydrogen 氢hydrogen chloride 氯化氢hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢hydronium ion 水合氢离子hydroxide 氢氧根indicator 指示剂iodine 碘isomerism 同素异形体le Chatelier's principle 勒沙特列原理lead 铅limestone 石灰石linear 直线的lipid 脂质，类脂lithium 锂litmus 石蕊magnesium 镁metalloid 类金属methane 甲烷methanoic acid 甲酸methanol 甲醇monomer 单体neon 氖neutralization 中和nickel 镍nitrate 硝酸盐nitric acid 硝酸nitrogen 氮noble gases 稀有气体oxide 氧化物oxidation agent 氧化剂ozone 臭氧periodic table 元素周期表permanganate 高锰酸petroleum 石油phenolphthalein 酚酞phosphorus 磷planar 平面的platinum 铂polar 极性的polymer 聚合物potassium 钾precipitation 沉淀propane 丙烷propanoic acid 丙酸propanol 丙醇propene 丙烯pure substance 纯净物reactive 活泼的redox 氧化还原reducing agent 还原剂reversible reaction 可逆反应shared paris of electrons 共用电子对silicon 硅sodium 钠solvent 溶剂starch 淀粉sublime 升华sulphate 硫酸盐sulphur 硫sulphuric acid 硫酸suspension 悬浮液tetrahedral 四面体titration 滴定torr 托耳(压强单位) triple bonds 三键van der Waals' force 范德华力volatile 易挥发的zinc 锌本文转自国际高中读书的好处1、行万里路，读万卷书。