改变世界的物理学三
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in “Positive Philosophy”
Michelson-Morley Experiment (1887)
Ms
M2
Ms
l l t 1 c v c v
Ms M1 Ms
2l t2 2 2 c 1 v c光程差v 来自 ct l 2 c2
干涉仪旋转 90o
v v
2013-8-5 2
William Arthur Ward
The The The The mediocre teacher tells. good teacher explains. superior teacher demonstrates. great teacher inspires.
The ruler can exert a force on individual pieces of paper !
This physical entity is called electric charge !
1780s Luigi Galvani “Animal Electricity”
1800 Alessandro Volta “Electromotive Force”
Zn Ag
Ag Zn
Why ?
Why ?
Maxwell’s equations in vacuum
E 0
B 0
B E t
E B 0 0 t
2
t
2
E 0 0 2 E 0 t
v
1
0 0
c
2 E 0 0 2 E 0 t
Why ?
Charges of the same sign repel one another, and charges of the opposite sign attract one another !
Model !
The attraction between the glass and the silk is a result of some physical entity being transferred from one to the other when they rub together.
v2 条纹 N 2l 2 c 2Δ
如果存在以太系，干涉仪转90o应该可以看到条纹 移动。
A
B
11:00 12:01-11:00
12:00 11:02-12:01
改变世界的物理学(三) - 狭义相对论
金晓峰
复旦大学物理系
1.Maxwell方程组 2.Einstein 1905年文章
2013-8-5
武汉大学，2011/11/17
1
A. Einstein
Teaching should be such that what is offered is perceived as a valuable gift and not as a hard duty.
2
James Clark Maxwell
对任何领域的学生来说，阅读相关 的原始文献都是极有益处的，因为 处在雏形中的科学最容易被消化。
August Comte
(1789-1857) “To understand a science it is necessary to know its history.”
D dA dV
D
B dA 0
S
B 0
B E t
B E ds t dA
D D H d s ( j t ) dA H j t circuital law
1819 Oersted
Why ?
1831 Fraday
B
B
I
S
N
v
I
N S
Why ?
v
Maxwell’s equations (integral and differential):
•Gauss’ law •Gauss’ law for magnetic fields •Faraday’s law of induction •Ampere’s
Michelson-Morley Experiment (1887)
Ms
M2
Ms
l l t 1 c v c v
Ms M1 Ms
2l t2 2 2 c 1 v c光程差v 来自 ct l 2 c2
干涉仪旋转 90o
v v
2013-8-5 2
William Arthur Ward
The The The The mediocre teacher tells. good teacher explains. superior teacher demonstrates. great teacher inspires.
The ruler can exert a force on individual pieces of paper !
This physical entity is called electric charge !
1780s Luigi Galvani “Animal Electricity”
1800 Alessandro Volta “Electromotive Force”
Zn Ag
Ag Zn
Why ?
Why ?
Maxwell’s equations in vacuum
E 0
B 0
B E t
E B 0 0 t
2
t
2
E 0 0 2 E 0 t
v
1
0 0
c
2 E 0 0 2 E 0 t
Why ?
Charges of the same sign repel one another, and charges of the opposite sign attract one another !
Model !
The attraction between the glass and the silk is a result of some physical entity being transferred from one to the other when they rub together.
v2 条纹 N 2l 2 c 2Δ
如果存在以太系，干涉仪转90o应该可以看到条纹 移动。
A
B
11:00 12:01-11:00
12:00 11:02-12:01
改变世界的物理学(三) - 狭义相对论
金晓峰
复旦大学物理系
1.Maxwell方程组 2.Einstein 1905年文章
2013-8-5
武汉大学，2011/11/17
1
A. Einstein
Teaching should be such that what is offered is perceived as a valuable gift and not as a hard duty.
2
James Clark Maxwell
对任何领域的学生来说，阅读相关 的原始文献都是极有益处的，因为 处在雏形中的科学最容易被消化。
August Comte
(1789-1857) “To understand a science it is necessary to know its history.”
D dA dV
D
B dA 0
S
B 0
B E t
B E ds t dA
D D H d s ( j t ) dA H j t circuital law
1819 Oersted
Why ?
1831 Fraday
B
B
I
S
N
v
I
N S
Why ?
v
Maxwell’s equations (integral and differential):
•Gauss’ law •Gauss’ law for magnetic fields •Faraday’s law of induction •Ampere’s