高中英语选择性必修三 (8)Unit 3 Learning about Language

2020-2021学年高二英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册随堂检测（8）Unit 3 Learning about Language
一、填空
1.He failed to _______ (抓住) the opportunity during the job interview.
2.Some roads may have to be closed at peak times to _______ (限制) the number of visitors.
3.Every time I mention her, you become very _______ (敏感的).
4.After the failure of the electricity supply the city was in _____ (混乱).
5.We advocate peaceful development, _____ (和谐的) development and scientific development.
6.Without the ______ (改革) of the economic management system our industry will rot.
7.他们似乎已经历了一场毁灭性的地震。

They seem ______ ______ ______ a destructive earthquake.
8.我发烧了,所以我考虑明天去看医生。

I have a fever, so I consider ______ ______ ______ the doctor tomorrow.
9.我通过听英语歌提高英语水平。

I improve my English _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
10.He _______ (release) from prison after serving a sentence of five years the year before last.
11.The problem that the teacher referred to in his lecture was beyond my ______ (comprehend).
12.We must ensure that tourism develops _____ harmony with the environment.
13.Robert is said ______ (study) abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in.
14.The doctor advised me ______ (take) a complete rest so that I could make a complete recovery.
15.Only when each of us realizes the importance of protecting the environment can we have a ______ (harmony) earth.
二、
As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster. For the past 100 years, trees have been experiencing fast growth in mild areas from Maryland to Finland, to Central Europe, where the growth rate of some trees has even sped up by nearly 77% since 1870. Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building,
burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense (茂密的) as it used to be?
Hans Pretzsch, a forest scientist in Germany, and his colleagues wanted to find an answer. They carried out a study of the forests of Central Europe. They started with small pieces of experimental land in southern Germany, some of which have been continuously monitored since 1870. Pretzsch and his team took core samples (样品) from the trees — which included Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech, and Scots pine — and analyzed the tree rings.
They found that in all four species, wood density had decreased by 8% to 12%. "We expected a trend of the wood density like this, but not such a strong and significant decrease," Pretzsch says. Increasing temperatures, and the faster growth they spur, probably account for some of the drop. Another factor, Pretzsch says, is more nitrogen in the soil from agricultural fertilizer and vehicle exhaust. Previous studies have linked increased fertilizer use to decreased wood density. Above all, the study suggests that the higher temperatures — combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms — are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable.
"I am getting worried," says Richard Houghton, an ecologist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Massachusetts, who was not part of the new study. As the density of the samples dropped, so did their carbon content. That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide than scientists think, Houghton says.
1.Paragraph 1 is written to ______.
A. prove an idea
B. introduce the topic
C. give an example
D. describe a fact
2.What does the study show?
A. Farming slows trees' growth.
B. More areas are covered with forests.
C. Global warming changes the quality of wood.
D. Pollution leads to higher temperatures.
3.What does Richard Houghton mean?
A. Great loss might be caused.
B. Storm damage can be prevented.
C. The size of forests might be increased.
D. Less greenhouse gases can be sent out.
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A. We only have one earth
B. Trees ——our best friends
C. The influence of climate change
D. Trees are growing faster, but weaker
三、语法填空
Each area of the environment is full of ① _____ (differ) kinds of plants, animals and other organisms (有机体). ②_____ (stay) alive, these living things depend on each other and on non-living things in their environment including water, sunlight and temperature. A community of living and non-living things ③_____ function together creates an ecosystem (生态系统).
Plants get their energy from the earth, water and sun. Animals get their energy from eating plants and other animals. Each organism within an ecosystem ④_____ (have) its own role to play. Think of the ecosystem of a mangrove forest (红树林). When leaves and branches fall from ⑤_____ (tree) to the land, they are eaten by bacteria in the muddy areas. Only bacteria can survive in this low-oxygen environment.
As the leaves and branches are broken down, they release nutrients for animals ⑥_____ (live) in the sea. The large mangrove roots and stick-like plants protect the coastline and provide nesting places ⑦_____ birds. They also give shelter and food to a large number of young fish.
Anything that ⑧_____ (involve) in an ecosystem can affect the balance of it. ⑨_____, other threats such as invasive species, natural disasters, temperature changes and ⑩_____ (pollute) can also harm or destroy the system.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：seize
2.答案：restrict
3.答案：sensitive
4.答案：chaos
5.答案：harmonious
6.答案：reform
7.答案：to have experienced
8.答案：going to see
9.答案：by listening to English songs
10.答案：was released
解析：考查时态、语态及主谓一致。

句意：前年他在服刑5年后被释出狱。

主语He与release 之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态；根据时间状语the year before last判断此处用一般过去时。

主语是He，因此填was released。

11.答案：comprehension
解析：考查名词。

句意：我无法理解老师在他的讲座中提到的那个问题。

beyond one's comprehension某人无法理解。

12.答案：in
解析：考查固定搭配。

句意：我们必须确保旅游业的发展与环境相协调。

in harmony with意思为"与……和谐，与……一致"。

13.答案：to have studied
解析：考查非谓语动词。

句意：据说罗伯特曾经在国外学习过，但我不知道是在哪个国家。

从后面studied所用过去时态可知这一事件早已发生，即study表示的动作发生在is said之前，所以须用to have done形式。

14.答案：to take
解析：考查非谓语动词。

句意:医生建议我完全休息以便我能彻底康复。

advise sb. to do sth.意思为"建议某人做某事"。

15.答案：harmonious
解析：考查词性转换。

句意：只有当我们每个人都意识到环保的重要性时，我们才能拥有一个和谐的地球。

由空格后的名词earth可以判断，此处应该填形容词作定语。

二、
答案：1-4 BCAD
解析：1.根据第一段中的"Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense（茂密的）as it used to be"可知，第一段提出问题，启发读者进行思考，从而引入本文的话题。

故选B。

2.根据第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures——combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms——are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知，对森林的研究表明，全球变暖会改变木材的质量。

故选C。

3.根据最后一段中的"That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide than scientists think"可知，Houghton的意思是随着木材密度降低，其碳含量也会降低。

这样森林受暴风雨的损害更多，树木吸收二氧化碳的效率降低，从而给人们造成巨大的损失。

故选A。

4.根据第一段中的"As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster" 和第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures——combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms——are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知，本文讲述的是气候变暖促进了树木的生长，但同时树木的密度降低，使树木更脆弱。

故选D。

三、
答案：①different ②To stay ③that/which ④has ⑤trees ⑥living ⑦for ⑧is involved ⑨Besides ⑩pollution
解析：①考查词形转换。

分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语修饰kinds，表示"不同的"，故应填形容词形式。

②考查非谓语动词。

根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故应用动词不定式作目的状语。

③考查定语从句。

空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词things，并在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。

④考查主谓一致和时态。

该句是对客观情况的描述，故应用一般现在时；主语为Each
organism，表示单数意义，故应填has。

⑤考查名词复数。

句中tree为可数名词，前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。

⑥考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰animals，因live与animals 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式。

⑦考查介词。

provide sth. for sb.为固定用法，意为"为某人提供某物"。

⑧考查时态、语态和主谓一致。

该句为含有定语从句的复合句，关系词that在定语从句中作主语，先行词为Anything，因此谓语动词用单数形式；此处陈述的是客观情况，要用一般现在时；that指代先行词Anything，与动词involve之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。

⑨考查副词。

根据空前的"can affect the balance of it"以及本句中的"can also harm or destroy the system"可知，这里表示递进，故填Besides。

⑩考查词形转换。

根据and前面的部分可知，此处应用pollute的名词形式pollution。