Lesson 4 An exciting trip

Lesson4An exciting trip
Why is Tim finding this trip very exciting?
I have just received a letter from my brother,Tim.He is in Australia.He has been there for six months.Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.He will soon visit Darwin.From there,he will fly to Perth.My brother has never been abroad before,so he is finding this trip very exciting.
【单词讲解】
1.excit ing adj.令人兴奋的excit ed adj.兴奋的、激动的
an exciting trip一场令人激动的旅行
exciting news令人兴奋、激动的新闻
2.receive v.接收，收到（客观上收到）
accept v.接受（主观上想要）
I received an invitation,but I didn’t accept it.
3.cent re n.中心（cent er）
business centre商务中心
the city centre城市的中心
in the centre of+地点/位置在（某个地点、位置）的中心
4.abroad adv.在国外
go to abroad(X)
live in abroad(X)
go/live/travel/study+abroad出国/住在国外/去国外旅游/在国外学习
be abroad处于“在国外”这种状态下（be+adv.处于某种状态）
【语法讲解】
Key Structure:现在完成时、同位语
一、现在完成时
1.形式：have/has+done（V.的过去分词）
2.用法：表示“现在的之前”
①现在全部完成
He has finished the homework.
②现在部分完成
We have learned English for ten years.
3.变否定、疑问
He has finished the homework.（has是“助动词”）
He has not finished the homework.（变否定：直接在has后面加not）
Has he finished the homework?（变疑问：has直接提前）
What has he done?
【课文讲解】
1.I have just received①a letter from my brother,Tim②.
①have/has+just/already/ever/never+done
（just/already/ever/never进一步强调现在完成时的时间。

）
②my brother,Tim（Tim是进一步解释说明前面的名字，被叫做“同位语”。

）
2.He has been there for six months.
He is working for a big firm.
for+时间，表示“持续了多长时间”
for+名词，表示目的，“为了...”
He has been there for six months.=He has been in Australia for six months.
3.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited①a great
number of②different places in Australia.
①has already visited，already强调“在现在的之前，已经...”
②a great/large number of...+可数名词复数
a number of...+可数名词复数
a great deal of...+不可数名词复数
4.He has just bought①an Australian car and has gone to②Alice
Springs③,a small town in the centre of Australia④.
①has just bought，just强调“现在的之前，刚刚...”
②have gone to...去了（去了，还没有回来。

）
have been to...去过（去过，现在已经回来了。

）
③spring n.春天；泉水；弹簧（→L49）
④a small town in the centre of Australia，解释说明Alice Springs，因此，是Alice Springs的同位语。

5.He will soon visit Darwin.
will do，一般将来时，表示“现在的之后”。

（→L12）
My brother has never been abroad①before,so he is finding this trip very exciting②.
①have been to/in abroad（X）（abroad是副词，直接修饰前面的动词。

因此，不用to/in）
have been abroad（√）
has never been，never强调“现在的之前，从来没有”
②he is finding this trip very exciting（主谓宾补结构）
【知识拓展】
一、区分动词的过去式和过去分词：
visit-visited-visited
buy-bought-bought
ring-rang-rung
过去式did：用于：一般过去时（→L3）
过去分词done：用于：①完成时态（→L14,L37）；②被动语态（→L10, L21,L34）；③非谓语动词（→Unit3）
二、现在完成时
形式：have/has+done（V.过去分词）
用法：现在的之前
“现在完成时”常搭配的时间状语：
1just（刚刚）/already（已经）/ever（曾经）/never（从来不），它们经常置于“现在完成时”的中间，来强调“现在的之前”这个含义。

yet（已经）：可用于“否定句和疑问句”中，强调“已经”，常置于句尾。

already（已经）：通常用于“肯定句”中。

2so far（截至到现在）/up to now（截至到现在）/before（现在的之前）
3lately（最近）：可搭配“现在完成时”，也可搭配“其它时态，比如：一般过去时”
4for+一段时间（持续了一段时间）
例1：I have had breakfast.(just)
→I have just had breakfast.
例2：He has been in prison.(for six months)
→He has been in prison for six months.
例3：The police have not caught the thief.(yet)
→The police have not caught the thief yet.
例4：Have you met him?(ever,before)
→Have you ever met him before?
【真题演练】
1.Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight?
Thank you very much,but I______it already.
A.see
B.will see
C.have seen
D.am seeing
答案:选C。

解析：
-你想和我一起去看电影吗？
-非常感谢，但是我已经看过了。

already已经，动作已经完成了，所以用现在完成时have seen。

2.Up to now,the program______thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A.would save
B.saves
C.had saved
D.has saved
答案:选D。

解析：抓关键Up to now，这是要用现在完成时的标志短语。

直至今日，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万个濒死的孩子。

3.Miss Gao isn’t here.She______to the bus station to meet Mr.Brown.
A.go
B.has gone
C.has been
D.would go
答案:选B。

解析：A选项不仅没变位，而且时态也不符合。

高小姐不在这儿，她去公交站见布朗先生了。

Go to the bus station是固定短语，所以要用has gong。

4.-Look!Somebody______the sofa.
-Well,it wasn’t me.I didn’t do it.
A.is cleaning
B.was cleaning
C.has cleaned
D.had cleaned
答案:选C。

解析：抓关键it wasn’t me。

这里用的是一般过去时，所以洗沙发这件事已经完成了，所以用has cleaned。

三、不规则变化的动词：
find-found-found。