2024年中考英语热点阅读练习专题3 发明与创造(含解析)

2024年中考英语新热点时文阅读-发明与创造
01
（2023·广东佛山·统考三模）Across the world, humans buy around 1.3 billion single-use plastic bottles a day. However, only about 9% of them are recycled and most of them end up in landfills, the ocean or elsewhere in nature.
When beach-loving Madison Checketts noticed that many plastic bottles polluted the sand during her family trip to California, the 12-year-old American girl realized that this needed to be changed. So for her school science project, she decided to focus on reducing plastic litter.
During her research, Madison came across a special method of packing water within an eatable material—a gel membrane（凝胶膜）. At that time, the girl got her idea: She would design an eatable water bottle called the Eco-Hero.
To carry out her idea, Madison developed the method by doing scientific tests with common food additives （添加剂）. She also learned from previous research on eatable water bottles. Based on the past research, she improved the method and made her bottles bigger and able to last for a longer time. She found that water, lemon juice and other chemicals could be used together to make a gel bag that wouldn’t break. And the bag could hold up to 3/4 cup of water and could be kept in the fridge for three weeks.
“My biggest goal with this project is to help the world,” says the young inventor. She hopes her invention can encourage others to take better care of the planet. “It doesn’t necessarily have to be in a big way,” she adds. “People
can make a difference in the world, even if it’s just in a small way.”
1．How many plastic bottles are recycled?
A．Around 1.3 billion.B．About 91%.C．About 9%.D．3/4.
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The reason why Madison did the project.B．The results of Madison’s project.
C．The influence of plastic bottles.D．The hobby of Madison.
3．Madison got the idea of designing an eatable water bottle during ________.
A．her family trip B．her research C．her scientific tests D．her talk with teachers
A．Great.B．Past.C．Common.D．Interesting.
5．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Plastic Bottle Pollution B．A Cool Invention
C．Ways to Solve Pollution D．Eatable Water Bottle
02
（2023年辽宁省铁岭市部分学校中考一模英语试题）A mini-program on WeChat has changed people’s lives at West Lake, as they can now make appointments(预约) to sell recyclables—things that can be recycled.
For a long time, the problem of recyclable rubbish troubled restaurants and hotels around the lake. Lots of recyclables have low value and high recycling costs,so collectors don’t feel like recycling them door-to-door.
In order to solve the problem, the Management Committee of West Lake Scenic Area worked with a company to develop the Jingling Recycle mini-program. Now, people can make an appointment on WeChat, and the next day collectors will come to pick up recyclables. The mini-program helps people to deal with plastic bottles, foam packing cases(泡沫包装箱), cardboard (硬纸板), newspapers and other low-value recyclables. People are paid to sell them.
The local people speak highly of the mini-program. “No collectors came to my restaurant in the past. Thanks to the Jingling Recycle mini-program, it has changed. I can make a little money by selling recyclables. At the same time, it protects the environment,” said the owner of a restaurant.
6．The mini-program is used for making appointments to ________.
A．buy takeaway B．sell recyclables C．buy clothes D．sell desserts
7．Collectors don’t want to pick up recyclables door-to-door because they have ________.
A．high value and low recycling costs B．low value and high recycling costs
C．high value and high recycling costs D．low value and low recycling costs
8．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means the local people ________.
A．are against the mini-program B．don’t like the mini-program
C．think the mini-program is useless D．think the mini-program is helpful
9．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A．Recyclable rubbish troubled hotels around the lake for long.
B．The mini-program can help to protect the environment.
C．People can make a lot of money by selling recyclables.
D．The mini-program has changed people’s lives at West Lake.
10．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．A cool mini-program.B．How to sell recyclables.
C．Things that can be recycled.D．How to make appointments.
03
（2023·江苏扬州·校考二模）Type in “A cat wants to go to space” and ask the robot to write a bedtime story. Just one second later, you’ll get the story of Max, who clawed his way past many difficulties to sing among the stars.
This robot writer is real. It’s called ChatGPT. From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch out in late 2022 by the US company OpenAI. It can translate languages, talk with people and write songs, poems and even jokes. It’s one of the most powerful A T of its kind, with the complete writing abilities of a real person!
People around the world have tried ChatGPT and posted their results on social media. Some used it to write history reports, some asked it to take notes of presentations, and some even asked advice on how to communicate with people at a party, reported The Atlantic.
The power of ChatGPT lies in its speed and understanding of complicated(复杂的) matters. We may spend hours researching, understanding and writing an article on the theory of evolution(进化论).
Another good thing about it is that if you ask dark, harmful question, such as how to make weapons(武器), it will not give you an answer.
ChatGPT comes along at a time when AI is becoming increasingly able to do creative tasks. There is no doubt that ChatGPT is a powerful tool. However, some schools in the US, Ausiralia and France have students and teachers from using ChatGPT on the local networks and computers, CNN reported. The move comes out of worries that the
tool could make it easier for students to cheat on homework. Some also worry that ChatGPT could be used to spread improper information.
“It does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills,” said Jenna Lyle from the New York City Department of Education. “The materials they create arc difficult to tell from those made by humans. This causes many problems, such as the issue of copyright(版权). Since the system is largely trained using words from the internet, it can also pick up on the Internet’s biases(偏见). These are all the things that depend on humans to solve.”11．The cat story was written to ______.
A．show what creative work ChatGPT can do
B．introduce a cat that wants to go to space
C．introduce a series of bedtime books
D．show how robots create scientific research
12．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ______.
A．the disadvantages of ChatGPT
B．the most popular report of ChatGPT
C．what people think about ChatGPT
D．how ChatGPT has helped people so far
13．Which sentence should go in the empty box in the fourth paragraph?
A．But ChatGPT can write almost anything humans can write.
B．But ChatGPT is faster and safer compared with human writing.
C．But ChatGPT can produce a well-written one in seconds.
D．But ChatGPT is a powerful tool to spread information.
14．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．How people feel about writing in the future.
B．What problems A1 writing can cause.
C．People’s wrong ideas about AT writing.
D．Human efforts in developing A1 writing.
04
（2023·江苏徐州·校考三模）用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。

05
06
（2023·黑龙江大庆·统考一模）Fill in each blank with a proper form of the word given or a proper word(阅读下
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了一个12岁的美国女孩Madison Checketts为了减少塑料垃圾而发明的可食用水瓶的故事。

1．细节理解题。

根据第一段“However, only about 9% of them are recycled and most of them end up in landfills, the ocean or elsewhere in nature.”可知，只有约9%的塑料瓶被回收。

故选C。

2．段落大意题。

根据第二段“When beach-loving Madison Checketts noticed that many plastic bottles polluted the sand during her family trip to California, the 12-year-old American girl realized that this needed to be changed.So for her school science project, she decided to focus on reducing plastic litter.”可知，第二段主要内容是Madison Checketts做这个项目的原因。

故选A。

3．细节理解题。

根据第二段“When beach-loving Madison Checketts noticed that many plastic bottles polluted the sand during her family trip to California, the 12-year-old American girl realized that this needed to be changed.So for her school science project, she decided to focus on reducing plastic litter.”可知，在她的家庭旅行时产生了设计一个可食用水瓶的想法。

故选A。

4．词义猜测题。

根据第四段“Based on the past research, she improved the method and made her bottles bigger and able to last for a longer time.”可知，这里指从以前的研究中学习，所以“previous” 的意思为”过去”。

故选B。

5．最佳标题题。

根据全文可知本文主要介绍了一个12岁的美国女孩Madison Checketts为了减少塑料垃圾
而发明的可食用水瓶。

故最佳标题为“可食水瓶”。

故选D。

6．B 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

通过介绍出售回收物的不便引出了最新的微信小程序。

人们可以通过小程序来预约，增加了便利性，也保护了环境。

6．细节理解题。

根据“A mini-program on WeChat has changed people’s lives at West Lake, as they can now make appointments(预约) to sell recyclables—things that can be recycled.”可知小程序可以用来预约出售回收物。

故选B。

7．细节理解题。

根据“Lots of recyclables have low value and high recycling costs,so collectors don’t feel like recycling them door-to-door.”可知收集者不愿意上门收集可回收物品，因为它们价值低，回收成本高。

故选B。

8．词句猜测题。

根据“No collectors came to my restaurant in the past. Thanks to the Jingling Recycle mini-program, it has changed. I can make a little money by selling recyclables.”可知这个句子表示当地人认为这个小程序是有帮助的，故选D。

9．细节理解题。

根据“I can make a little money by selling recyclables.”可知人们并不能挣很多钱，C项错误。

故选C。

10．主旨大意题。

本文通篇讲述了微信上的一个小程序。

故选A。

11．A 12．D 13．C 14．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了OpenAI开发的ChatGPT是最强大的人工智能之一，它具有和真人一样的完整写作能力；但它也带来了一些问题，比如不能培养批判性思维和解决问题的能力，与人类创造的文本无法区分等。

11．细节理解题。

根据“Type in ‘A cat wants to go to space’ and ask the robot to write a bedtime story.”可知，输入“一只猫想去太空”，就让机器人写一个睡前故事。

再根据“This robot writer is real. It’s called ChatGPT.”可知，这个机器人作家是真的，它叫ChatGPT。

由此可知，写猫的故事是为了展示ChatGPT可以做什么创造性的工作。

故选A。

12．主旨大意题。

根据“People around the world have tried ChatGPT and posted their results on social media. Some used it to write history reports, some asked it to take notes of presentations, and some even asked advice on how to communicate with people at a party”可知，世界各地的人们都尝试了ChatGPT，并在社交媒体上发布了他们的结果。

有些人用它写历史报告，有些人要求它做演讲笔记，有些人甚至询问如何在聚会上与人交流的建议。

所以第三段主要介绍了ChatGPT是如何帮助人们的。

故选D。

13．推理判断题。

根据“The power of ChatGPT lies in its speed and understanding of complicated matters. We may spend hours researching, understanding and writing an article on the theory of evolution. ”可知，ChatGPT的力量在于它的速度和对复杂事物的理解。

我们可能会花几个小时研究、理解和写一篇关于进化论的文章。

所以该空要体现ChatGPT的速度和对复杂事物的理解，C选项“但ChatGPT可以在几秒钟内生成一个写得很好的程序。

”符合语境，故选C。

14．主旨大意题。

根据“It does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills”可知，它不能培养批判性思维和解决问题的能力；根据“The materials they create are difficult to tell from those made by humans. This causes many problems, such as the issue of copyright.”可知，它们创造的材料很难与人类的区分开来，这就导致了版权等问题；以及“it can also pick up on the Internet’s biases”可知，它可以获取互联网上对某些群体的偏见。

所以最后一段主要介绍了AI写作会导致什么问题。

故选B。

15．developing 16．their 17．to support 18．years 19．saw 20．excited 21．be kept 22．easily 23．showing
24．better
【导语】本文主要介绍了一种新型的阅读方式——图书漂流。

15．句意：书友们把自己的书放在公共场所，让别人捡起来“借”，这是一种新的阅读方式。

主语与动词develop 是主动关系，结合is可知，此空应填现在分词，故填developing。

16．句意：书友们把自己的书放在公共场所，让别人捡起来“借”，这是一种新的阅读方式。

此空修饰名词books，应填形容词性物主代词，故填their。

17．句意：白俄罗斯国立技术大学是第一个支持这一想法的国家。

分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词不定式作定语，故填to support。

18．句意：几年前，图书馆馆长Alexey Kalaban在瑞典机场看到了一个大玻璃盒子，里面装着所有人都可以免费阅读的书。

根据several可知，此空应填复数形式，故填years。

19．句意：几年前，图书馆馆长Alexey Kalaban在瑞典机场看到了一个大玻璃盒子，里面装着所有人都可以免费阅读的书。

分析句子结构可知，此空缺少动词作谓语，描述过去发生的事情，动词用过去式，故填saw。

20．句意：他非常兴奋。

修饰人用以ed为结尾的形容词作表语，故填excited。

21．句意：问题只是这些书在公共场合应该放在哪里。

book与keep是被动关系，结合might可知，此处用
含有情态动词的被动语态might be done的结构，故填be kept。

22．句意：可以很容易地鼓励人们阅读。

此空修饰动词encouraged，应填副词easily“容易地”，故填easily。

23．句意：在箱子里，有一个特别的清单，上面显示了谁给了这本书，什么时候给的。

there be sb/sth doing sth“有某人/某物正在做某事”，此空应填现在分词，故填showing。

24．句意：如今，图书漂流比以前更为世界所知。

根据“than”可知，此空应填比较级，故填better。

25．accidents 26．a 27．on 28．its 29．allows 30．if 31．to clean 32．that/which 33．completes/will complete 34．safer/safe
【导语】本文介绍了智能窗户清洁机器人Ozmo。

25．句意：这份工作很危险，事故时有发生。

根据谓语“happen”可知，主语用复数，accident“事故”，复数是accidents。

故填accidents。

26．句意：然而，这项危险的工作可能很快就会由智能窗户清洁机器人Ozmo完成。

此句表示泛指机器人，且smart是辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。

故填a。

27．句意：就像人类一样，Ozmo坐在悬挂在建筑物上的平台上，用手臂和刷子清洁窗户上的污垢。

在“平台上（platforms）”用介词on。

故填on。

28．句意：就像人类一样，Ozmo坐在悬挂在建筑物上的平台上，用手臂和刷子清洁窗户上的污垢。

空格处修饰名词arm，应用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。

29．句意：建筑物的3D地图允许机器人上下移动。

本句的主语“A 3D map”是单数，谓语动词用三单形式，allow的三单形式是allows。

故填allows。

30．句意：如果发生意外事件，例如突然打开窗户，机器人可以让开。

根据“The robot can move out of the way…there are unexpected events, such as the sudden opening of a window.”可知，后句表示条件，前句是结果，此句是if引导的条件状语从句。

故填if。

31．句意：与其他窗户清洗机不同，机器人清洁机不需要肥皂来清洁玻璃。

need sth. to do sth.“需要做某事”，动词短语。

故填to clean。

32．句意：相反，它使用的是对环境无害的蒸馏水。

此句是定语从句，先行词water是物，且关系词在定语从句作主语，应用that或which引导定语从句。

故填that/which。

33．句意：三名清洁工每人需要480小时才能清洁一栋40层玻璃建筑的窗户，而机器人只需80小时就能完成任务。

此句表达事实可用一般现在时，根据时间状语“in just 80 hours”可用一般将来时。

故填completes/will
complete。

34．句意：然而，与其他机器人不同的是，Ozmo不会取代人类工人，只会让他们的工作（更）安全。

make sth/ab. adj.“使……是什么样子的”，固定短语，形容词作宾语补足语。

根据语境，可知用原级或比较级，表达“让他们的工作安全”或和以前工作作比较“让他们的工作更安全”，故填safer/safe。

35．ways 36．developed 37．their 38．to solve 39．called 40．which/that 41．if 42．helpful 43．properly 44．longer
【导语】本文介绍阻止疾病传播最简单的方法之一就是洗手。

但许多孩子还没有养成正确的洗手习惯。

Issar 和他的朋友决定用一种有趣的方法来解决这个问题。

他们尝试了很多次，创造了一种叫做Soppen的工具。

它把洗手变成了一项有趣的活动。

35．句意：阻止疾病传播最简单的方法之一是洗手。

way“方式、方法”，名词。

根据句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，意为“最……之一”，所以此处应用way的复数形式ways。

故填ways。

36．句意：但许多孩子还没有养成正确的洗手习惯。

develop“发展、形成”，动词。

根据“haven’t”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，“haven’t”后接develop的过去分词developed。

故填developed。

37．句意：孩子们洗手的频率不够或时间不够长。

they“他们”，人称代词主格。

根据主语“Children”和名词“hands”可知，此处应用they的形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，作定语。

故填their。

38．句意：Issar和他的朋友决定用一种有趣的方法来解决这个问题。

solve“解决”，动词。

根据固定搭配decide to do sth.“决定做某事”可知，此处应用solve的不定式形式to solve。

故填to solve。

39．句意：他们尝试了很多次，创造了一种叫做Soapen的工具。

call“把……叫做”，动词。

根据句子结构可知，此处应用call的过去分词called，作后置定语，修饰tool，意为“被叫做……的”。

故填called。

40．句意：顾名思义，Soapen是一种由肥皂制成的钢笔。

根据句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，pen为先行词，从句缺主语，则此处可用关系代词which或that。

故填which/that。

41．句意：如果孩子们没有花足够的时间洗掉颜色，颜色就会留在他们的手上。

根据前后两句的逻辑关系可知，此处应用if”如果”引导条件状语从句。

故填if。

42．句意：这对课堂上的老师很有帮助。

help“帮助”，动词。

根据句子结构可知，此处考查固定句式：It is+形容词+for sb to do sth.“做某事对于某人来说是……”，所以此处应用形容词helpful“有帮助的”。

故填helpful。

43．句意：毕竟，并不是所有的老师都有时间让每个孩子正确洗手。

proper“适当的”，形容词。

根据句子结
构可知，本句句子成分完整，所以可用proper的副词形式properly修饰动词wash。

故填properly。

44．句意：现在孩子们洗手的时间比以前长了很多，因为他们喜欢在手上画画。

long“长的”，形容词。

根据“much”和“than”可知，此处应用long的比较级形式longer”更长的”。

故填longer。