2018 考研英语阅读真题Text 1(英语一)

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2018 Text 1(英语⼀)
Section II
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
中产阶级所⾯临的⾯个令⾯恼⾯的挑战是,当机器⾯来抢他们的⾯作时,会引起什么后果?⾯在下届总统竞选中,可能根本不会提及这个挑战。

Don't dismiss that possibility entirely.
别完全不理会这种事发⾯的可能性。

About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to
a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.
根据⾯津⾯学的⾯项研究显示,在美国,⾯约⾯半的⾯作会⾯临被⾯动化取代的⾯⾯险,其
中承压最⾯的将是中产阶级。

Lower-income jobs like gardening or daycare don't appeal to robots.
园艺或⾯托这样的低收⾯⾯作并不会吸引机器⾯。

But many middle-class occupations — trucking, financial advice,
software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will.
但是许多中产阶级职业,如货运、⾯融咨询、软件⾯程,已经或很快就会引起机器⾯的
兴趣。

The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.
⾯富⾯阶级拥有机器⾯,所以他们会没事。

This isn't to be alarmist.
这并⾯危⾯耸听。

Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past.
乐观主义者指出,过去的技术变⾯的确给⾯⾯带来了好处。

The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs
were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living
standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.
虽然⾯业⾯命对于反科技者⾯⾯并不顺利,因为机械织布机取代了他们的⾯作,但⾯业⾯命
最终提⾯了⾯们的⾯活⾯平,相⾯其淘汰的⾯作⾯⾯,它创造了更多的就业机会。

Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work.
同样,⾯动化最终会提⾯⾯产⾯,通过降低价格刺激需求,使⾯⾯从艰苦、枯燥的⾯作中
解放出来。

But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting. 但从中期来看,中产阶级可能需要更多的帮助来调整。

The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training.
正如埃⾯克·布莱恩约弗森和安德鲁·迈克菲在其合著的《第⾯个机器时代》中所述,我们第⾯步应该重新思考教育和职业培训。

Curriculums — from grammar school to college, should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. 从⾯法学校到⾯学的课程,都应该逐渐发展,更多地注重创新和复杂的交流,⾯不是把
重点放在记忆事实上。

Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and help students work alongside robots.
职业学校应该更好地培养学⾯解决问题的能⾯,帮助他们和机器⾯⾯起⾯作。

Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable.
线上教育可以补充传统教育,提供平价的额外培训和指导。

Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.
专业⾯员不需负债累累就能获得新技能。

The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.
S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier.
⾯动化带来的挑战表明美国需要恢复其衰退的商业活⾯:必须降低开办新公司的⾯槛。

In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs
smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and
machines.
在过去的技术⾯变⾯时代,企业家通过设想劳动和机器结合的⾯式,实现了平稳过渡。

virtual reality haven't been invented The best uses of 3D printers and
yet.
现在还没有发明出3D打印机和虚拟现实技术的最佳⾯途。

The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.
所以美国需要新的公司进⾯发明创造。

Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. 最后,⾯动化有可能会扩⾯资本收⾯和劳动收⾯之间的差距,所以不得不重新考虑税收和安全保障。

Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded:
削减低薪劳动者的税收,扩⾯⾯资收⾯补贴,如增加所得税抵免。

This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for
job creation , and reduce inequality.
这将会提⾯收⾯、⾯励⾯作、奖励创造就业的公司和减少不平等。

Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.
在未来⾯年,技术将以或⾯或⾯的⾯式改善我们的社会,然⾯对于那些因⾯动化⾯颠倒了⾯活和⾯作的⾯来说,这并不能抚慰他们的⾯。

Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. 毁掉那些为我们⾯作⾯来的机器是件疯狂的事。

But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.
但帮助⾯⾯适应的政策将是不可或缺的。

21. W ho will be most threatened by automation?
[A] Leading politicians.
杰出的政治家。

[B] Low-wage laborers.
低薪⾯⾯。

[C] Robot owners.
机器⾯拥有者。

[D] Middle-class workers.
中产阶级⾯⾯。

22. Which of the following best represent the author's view?
[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.
对于⾯动化的忧虑属于⾯稽之谈。

[B] Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.
乐观主义者对于新技术的观点找不到任何⾯持。

[C] Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.
需要解决⾯动化带来的问题。

[D] Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided.
新技术带来的负⾯影响可以避免。

23. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on
[A] creative potential.
创造性的潜⾯
[B] job-hunting skills.
找⾯作的技巧
[C] individual needs.
个⾯需要
[D] cooperative spirit.
合作精神
24. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at
[A] encouraging the development of automation.
⾯励⾯动化的发展
capital investment .
[B] increasing the return on
增加资本投资回报率
[C] easing the hostility between rich and poor.
缓和贫富之间的⾯盾
[D] preventing the
income gap from widening.
防⾯收⾯差距扩⾯
25. In this text, the author presents a problem with
[A] opposing views on it.
相反的观点
[B] possible solutions to it.
可能的解决办法
[C] its alarming impacts.
可能会引发的骇⾯后果
[D] its major variations.
其主要的变化形式。

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