中考英语复习--过去分词和过去式的区别

1.动词的过去式是一个动词，单独作谓语。

不能与助动词、情
态动词连用。

它的词性与动词的第三人称单数一样。

过去分词（pastparticiple）是分词的一种。

规则动词的过去分词大凡是由动词加-ed构成（规则见后），不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。

过去分词属于类动词：
1.1及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子的主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，不但表示被动，还强调已完成了。

The cupis broken.茶杯破了。

1.2不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子的主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，同样强调动作的完成。

Heisretired.他已退休。

1.3有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。

动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。

规则动词的过去式变化如下：
1.3.1大凡情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：worked played wanted acted
1.3.2以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
1.3.3以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied
1.3.4以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stopped begged fretted dragged droppedplanned dotted dripped
1.3.5不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

如：go-went，make-made，get-got，buy-bought，come-came，fly-flew，is/am-was，are-were，see-saw，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught,think-thought,are-were,say-said,sit-sat.
2.动词的过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，也叫非限定性动词。

不能独立作谓语，只能与助动词一起构成谓语。

如:“have/has/had+过去分词”构成完成时态;“be+过去分词”构成被动语态等。

它相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中起一个形容词或副词的作用，可作表
语、定语、补语等。

它的作用与现在分词doing类似。

过去分词表的意义是被动或完成。

3.不过，过去式和过去分词最主要的区别是:过去式是一个动词，而过去分词是一个动词的非谓语形式，相当于一个形容词或副词。

动词过去分词和过去是变形规律：
AAA型
即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。

（共9个）
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit
hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let—let
put—put—put
read—read—read(read的原形和过去式、过去分词读音例外[2])
set-set-set
shut-shut-shut
ABB型
过去式、过去分词相同。

（共42个）
过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。

（4个）
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
think—thought—thought
fight—fought—fought
过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。

（2个）catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught
把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。

（4个）keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept sweep—swept—swept
feel—felt—felt
把-ell变为-old。

（2个）
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。

（3个）smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
spill—spilt—spilt
把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。

（4个）feed—fed—fed
lead—led—led
speed—sped—sped
meet—met—met
过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。

（6个）learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
burn—burnt—burnt dream—dreamt—dreamt deal—dealt—dealt
过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（3个）say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
改变元音字母。

（12个）
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig—dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
改变辅音字母。

（4个）
make—made—made
改变元、辅音字母。

（4个）
leave—left—left
原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。

（共39个）
i—a—u变化。

（7个）
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing—sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink—sank—sunk
spring—sprang—sprung
词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。

（5个）
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow—grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown
（show除外）
词尾为“i+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。

（4个）（give，hide除外）
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride—rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
过去分词在过去式后加n。

（3个）
wake—woke—woken
speak-spoke-spoken
steal-stole-stolen
过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。

（2个）
get-got-gotten/got
forget—forgot—forgotten
过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。

（6个）
be—was（were）—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden（hid）
词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。

（2个）
take—took—taken mistake—mistook—mistaken
原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。

（6个）do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
AAB型
过去式和原形相同。

（1个）beat—beat—beaten
ABA型
过去分词和原形相同。

（共3个）
词中间为“o+辅+e”时，过去式将o变为a。

（2个）come—came—come become—became—become
情态动词型
(除must)
只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。

（共4个）can—could may—might will—would shall—should
must既没有过去式也没有过去分词。

常用过去分词
be(am,is,are)(是）was,wereknow（知道）knew known beenthrow（投掷）threw thrown
begin（开始）began begunshow（出示）showed shown drink（喝）drank drunkbreak（打破）broke broken ring（铃响）rang rungchoose（选择）chose
sing（唱）sang sungchosen
swim（游泳）swam swumforget（忘记）forgot
blow（吹）blew blownforgotten(forgot)
draw（画）drew drawnspeak（说讲）spoke spoken
fly（飞）flew flownwake（醒）woke woken
grow（生长）grew growndrive（驾驶）drove driven
动词原形过去式过去分词[2]
arise arose arisen
其他情况
Awake.awoke/awakedbite bit bitten/bit
awokenbleed bled bled
be was/were beenblend blended blent
bearboreborne(携bless blessed blest
带)/born(出生)blow blew blown
beat beat beatenbreak broke broken
become became becomebreed bred bred
begin began begunbring brought brought
befall befell befallenbroadcast
bend bent bentbroadcast/broadcastedeat（吃）ate eaten fall（落下）fell fallen
give（给）gave given
rise（升高）rose risen
take（取）took taken
ride（骑）rode ridden
write（写）wrote written
do（做）did done
go（去）went gone
lie（xx）lay lain
see（看见）saw seen
burnburnt/burned
burnt/burned
burst burst burst
buy bought bought
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
cleaveclove/cleft
cloven/cleft
cling clung clungwear（穿）wore worncost（花费）cost costcut（割）cut cuthit（打）hit hithurt（损害）hurt hurtlet（让）let letput（放）put putread （读）read readcome came comecost cost costcreep crept creptcrow crowed/crew crowedcut cut cutdare dared/durst dareddeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdo did donedraw drew drawndwell dwelt dwelt
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
forbidforbade/forbad
forbidden
forecast
forecast/forecasted
forecast/forecasted
forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen gainsay gainsaid gainsaid get got gotten
gild gilded/gilt gilded
gird girded/girt girded/girt give gave given
go went gone
grave graved graven/graved grind ground ground
grow grew grown hanghung/hanged
hung/hanged
have had had
hear heard heard Heaveheaved/hove hesved/hove
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
know knew known
lade laded laden
lay laid laid
lead led led
leanleant/leaned
leant/leaned
leapleapt/leapedlend lent lent let let let
lielay lain
lielied lied
light lit/lighted lit/lighted lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
meltmelted
meited/molten
mistake mistook mistaken misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
outgrow outgrew outgrown overcomeovercame overcome
oversee oversaw overseen pay paid paid proveproved
proved/proven
put put put
quitquitted/quit
quitted/quit
read read read
rend rent rent
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
rive rived riven/rived
run ran run
saw sawed sawn/sawed
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn/sewed shake shook shaken shaveshaved
shaved/shaven shearsheared
sheared/shorn
shed shed shedshown/showed shrinkshrank/shrunk
shrunk/shrunken shriveshrove/shrived shriven/shrived
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sinksank/sunk
sunk/sunken
sit sat sat
slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
sling slung slung
slink slunk slunk
slit slit slit
smellsmelt/smelled smelt/smelled
smite smote smitten sow sowed sown/sowed speak spoke spoken speedsped/speeded sped/speeded spellspelt/spelled
spelt/spelled
spend spent spent spillspilt/spilled
spilt/spilled
spin spun/span spun
spit spat/spit spat/spit
spoilspoilt/spoiled
spoilt/spoiled
spread spread spread
springsprang/sprung
sprung
stand stood stood
stavestaved/stove
staved/stove
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swellswelled
swollen/swelled
swim swam swumtell told toldthink thought thoughtthrow threw thrownthrust thrust thrusttread trod trodden/trodupset upset
upsetwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedwear wore wornweave wove wovenweep wept weptwin won wonwind wound woundworkworked/wroughtworked/wroughtwring wrung wrungwrite wrote written。