高中英语 Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries 1

Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries
新出生人口大多数在发展中国家，而发达国家的人口增长非常缓慢。

在发展中国家，有超过十亿的人生活在贫困线以下。

阅读下文，了解一下具体的情况吧！
Most new people were born in developing countries. These
countries are found in much of Africa, South America and some
parts of Asia. In the developed countries of Europe and North
America, the population is growing very slowly. This is because women in these countries have, on average(平均), only one or two children. In the developing countries, many women have five or more children. In 1950, around one quarter of the world’s population lived in the developed countries. By 2050, these countries will be home to only around one tenth of the world’s people.
In the developing countries, more than one billion people are still living below the poverty(贫困) line. These people do not have enough food to eat and they live in poor housing. Children get little time at school and people suffer from many kinds of diseases.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the world’s population was around six billion .The UN has said that the world’s population will level off at 12.5 billion by the year 2100. Other groups think the world’s population will continue to grow, reaching 14 billion before it bees stable(稳定的), or even falls.
Section ⅠIntroduction & Reading an d Vocabulary—prehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.ine n．收入
2.human n. (与动物等对比的)人
3.measure vt. 测定；测量；评估
4.goal n．目标
5.position n. 位置
6.figure n. 数字
拓展词汇
7.hunger n．饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的
8.poverty n．贫穷→poor adj.贫穷的
9.development n．发展→develop v．发展→developin g adj.发展中的→developed adj.发达的
cate vt.教育；培养；训练→education n．教育
阅读词汇
11.index n．指数
12.expectancy n．(根据概率得出的)预期数额
重点短语
1.up__to直到
2.at__the__top__of在……顶端
3.at__the__bottom__of在……底部
4.make__efforts努力
5.make__progress取得进步
重点句型
1.完全倒装：__From__this__agreement__came(出自这个协议) the Human Development Report.
2.while作并列连词：Norway is at the top of the list,
while____the__US__is__at__number__7(而美国却排在第七).
3.with＋宾语＋宾补：The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at__the__bottom__of__the__list(排在最后一位).
4.it is right that...(should) do...“做……是应该/正确的”：These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it__is__right__that__they__should__do__so(他们这样做是合情合理的).
ⅠRead the text and match the main idea of each paragraph.
1．Para.1 A．How the Human Development Report came out.
2．Para.2 B．Developed countries should give more financial help.
3．Para.3 C．The Human Development Index measures a country’s achievement.
4．Para.4 D．The five most important goals of the report.
5．Para.5 E．Examples of successful development in 2003.
答案：1－5.ACDEB
ⅡRead the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．From the text, the countries that give the most money to the developing countries are the following EXCEPT________ .
A．Norway B．Sweden
C．the U．S. D．the Netherlands
2．Which of the following is NOT the goal made by the report according to the passage?
A．Improving people’s living conditions in the developing countries.
B．Improving people’s medical conditions in the developing countries.
C．Giving the children in poor countries more chances to be educated.
D．Urging all the developing countries to fight against poverty and illness.
3．In developing countries________of children don’t go t o primary school.
A．less than 20% B．more than 80%
C．over half D．about half
4．From the last paragraph, we can learn that________．
A．developed countries should give much more help to developing countries B．developed countries have given enough help to developing countries
C．developing countries should depend on developed countries much more
D．developing countries and developed countries have a lot in mon
答案：1－4.CDAA
ⅢAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.
[翻译] 报告显示我们正在取得一些进步，但是我们需要作出更大的努力。

2．These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.
[翻译] 它们都属于世界上五个最富有的国家，所以它们这样做是合情合理的。

①human['hjuːmən]n.(与动物等对比的)人
②development[dI'veləpmənt]n.发展
③agree to do sth.同意做某事
④poverty['pɒvəti]n.贫穷
⑤section n．[C]部分
⑥index['Indeks]n.指数
⑦measure['meʒə]vt.测定；测量；评估
⑧in...way在……方面
⑨expectancy[Ik'spektənsi]n.(根据概率得出的)预期数额
⑩education n．教育
⑪ine['Inkʌm]n.收入
⑫surprise n．意外，惊奇。

此处属于抽象名词具体化用法。

⑬at the top of在……顶端
⑭Iceland['aIslənd]冰岛
⑮Netherlands['neðələndz]荷兰
⑯position[pə'zIʃn]n.位置
⑰Sierra Leone[siˌeərə li'əʊn]塞拉利昂
⑱at the bottom of在……底部
⑲goal[ɡəʊl]n.目标
⑳“be to do”结构表示安排、命令、意向或目的。

21make sure确保，后接that引导的宾语从句。

○
22up to达到
○
23developed adj.发达的
○
developing adj.发展中的
24encourage...to do...鼓励……做……
○
25give examples of...给出……例子
○
26by prep.表程度(差额)
○
27move out of脱离；摆脱，搬出
○
28however adv.可是；然而
○
however后常用逗号。

29challenge n．[C]挑战
○
30educate['edjʊˌkeIt]vt.教育；培养；训练。

本句运用了现在进行时的被动语态。

○
31make progress取得进步
○
progress是不可数名词。

32make efforts努力
○
make efforts to do sth.努力做某事
33developed country发达国家
○
developing country发展中国家
34financial adj.财政的；金融的
○
finance n．财政；金融
35interestingly adv.有趣的是
○
The Human ①Development ②Report
In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to ③work together to reduce poverty ④by 2015 or earlier.From this agreement came the Human Development Report.
◆动词不定式短语to reduce poverty 作目的状语。

◆From this agreement came the Human Development Report.是完全倒装句式。

One of the most important sections ⑤
of this report is the Human Development Index ⑥.This examines the achievements of 175 countries.The Index measures ⑦ a country ’
s achievements in three ways ⑧：life expectancy ⑨(how long people usually live),
education ⑩ and ine ⑪.The index has some surprises ⑫.Norway is at the top of ⑬ the list, while the US is at number 7. The other top five countries are ：Iceland ⑭ (2), Sweden
(3), Australia (4)，the Netherlands ⑮ (5). The UK is in the thirteenth position ⑯，while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone ⑰(in West Africa) at the bottom of ⑱ the list ．
◆while 意为“而”，表对比。

while 是并列连词，连接前后两个分句。

◆with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list 是“with＋名词＋介词短语”类型的with 复合结构，在句中作状语。

The report describes eight Development Goals ⑲. The most important goals are to ⑳：
·reduce poverty and hunger；
·make sure ○2
1 that all children have education up to ○2
2 the age of 11； ·fight AIDS and other diseases ；
·improve the environment of poor people, e ．g. make sure they have safe drinking water ；
·encourage developed ○
23 countries to give ○24 more help to other countries. The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of ○2
5 successful development. For example, in nine years (1953－1962)，China increased life expectancy by ○2
6 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of ○
27 poverty. However ○2
8, the challenges ○29 are still great. Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or
Africa.Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary
school, about 115 million children are not being educated ○3
0. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world ，e.g. Eastern Europe ，water is now mostly safe to drink.
◆Although more than 80% of children...是although 引导的让步状语从句。

The report shows that we are making some progress ○
31 but that we need to make greater efforts .○32 Although developed countries ○33 give some financial ○34 help, they
need to give much more. Interestingly ○
35, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. These are among the five richest countries in the world ，so it is right that they should do so.
◆The report shows that...but that...中，but 连接两个并列的宾语从句，表转折，注意第二个that 不能省略。

◆that give the most money 是定语从句，修饰先行词the countries 。

that 在从句中作主语，不可省略。

人类发展报告
在2000年，来自世界各国的147位领导人同意一起协作，力争到2015年或更早的时候减少贫困，并签署通过了《人类发展报告》。

这份报告中最重要的部分之一就是人类发展指数。

它审查175个国家的成就。

这个指数从3个方面衡量一个国家的成就：寿命(人们通常活多长时间)、教育和收入。

这个指数显示了一些令人感到意外的情况。

挪威高居榜首，而美国名列第7位。

位于前五位的其他国家是：冰岛(2)、瑞典(3)、澳大利亚(4)和荷兰(5)。

英国位居第十三，而中国处于中等位置。

排在最后的10个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后。

报告描述了8个发展目标。

最重要的目标是：
·减少贫穷和饥饿；
·确保达到11岁的孩子都能接受教育；
·对抗艾滋病和其他疾病；
·改善穷苦人民的(生活)环境，例如：确保他们有安全的饮用水；
·鼓励发达国家给予其他国家更多的帮助。

《2003年人类发展报告》列举了一些成功发展的例子。

例如：在9年(1953年－1962
年)的时间里，中国的寿命就增加了13岁。

过去的10年里，中国有1.5亿人口脱贫。

然而，挑战仍然很严峻。

在发展中国家，每天有7.99亿人在挨饿，其中一半以上的人来自南亚或非洲。

虽然发展中国家80%以上的儿童能上小学，但仍约有1.15亿的儿童得不到教育。

发展中国家里10多亿的人喝不上安全的水。

然而，在世界的其他地方，例如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。

报告显示我们正在取得一些进步，但是我们需要作出更大的努力。

虽然发达国家提供了一些经济援助，但是援助的数量需要大大增加。

有趣的是，捐钱最多的国家是荷兰、挪威和瑞典。

它们都属于世界上五个最富有的国家，所以它们这样做是合情合理的。

Ⅰ阅读理解
A
TheUnitedNationsHumanDevelopmentProgram has announced its yearly study on the quality of life for people around the world. The UN report was started in nineteen ninety to measure the progress of nations based on the lives of their citizens.
This year’s report lists one hundred and seventy­three countries. It is based on the length of time citizens are expected to live, their education level and the amount of money they earn. Norway was listed as the country providing the best quality of life for the second year.It was followed by Sweden, Canada, Belgium, Australia and the United States. The twenty­four countries at the bottom of the list are all in Africa.
The report says many countries in East Asia have made progress since nineteen ninety. They include China, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, as many as nine countries have improved since nineteen ninety. They include Chile, Costa Rica and Panama. At the same time, many countries in Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union lost progress in the quality of life for their citizens. This was because of problems with economic reforms.They include Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Tajikistan.
This year’s human development report centred on the issue of democracy(某某). Researchers found that a majority of people live in countries claiming to be
democratic. However, civil rights and political freedoms were limited in one hundred and six nations. Also, the number of voters taking part in elections is decreasing.In addition, cheating, wrongdoing and unfair politics have weakened the democratic process. In some countries, elected governments have not carried out democratic reforms. This has led to public opposition to the government and a return to military rule.
UN officials say that democratic changes are slow in some countries. However, the report shows that international development goals set at the start of the twenty ­first century can be met.For this to happen, they say developing countries need to move quicker toward economic, social and political reforms. And they say rich countries must bee more open to trade while increasing aid and other resources.
【解题导语】本文主要讲述了《年度人类发展报告》的内容，目的主要是让人们了解《年度人类发展报告》。

1．TheHumanDevelopmentReport is done ________．
A．every year
B.every four years
C．every two years
D．every ten years
A解析：细节理解题。

由文章第一句中的“its yearly study”可知选A。

2.Which of the following countries lost progress according to this year’s report?
A．Australia.B．Russia.
C．Singapore. D．Chile.
B解析：细节理解题。

由第四段中的“At the same time, many countries in Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union lost progress in the quality of life for their citizens.This was because of problems with economic reforms.They include Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Tajikist an.”可知选B。

3.Which is the most important issue in every country in this year’s report?
A．Life expectancy. B．Ine.
C．Diseases. D．Democracy.
D解析：细节理解题。

由第五段中的第一句话“This year’s human development
report centred on the issue of democracy(某某)．”可知选D。

B
TheWorldHappinessReport, a United Nations agency report,
measures how happy people are, and why. Norway is the happiest
place on Earth—beating neighbour Denmark from the number one
position.
Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland and Finland round out the top five, while the Central African Republic came last.Western Europe and North America took up most of the places at the top of table, with the US and UK at 14th and 19th.
TheWorldHappinessReport mainly depends on asking a simple question of more than 1，000 people every year in more than 150 countries. “Imagine a ladder(梯子), with steps numbered from 0 at the bottom to 10 at the top，” the question asks. “The top of the ladder is the best possible life for you and the bottom of the ladder is the worst possible life for you. On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time？”
The avera ge result is the country’s score—from Norway’s 7.54 to the Central African Republic’s 2.69. But the report also tri es to explain why one country is happier than another.It looks at reasons including economic strength(经济实力), social support, freedom of choice, and generosity.
This year’s report also has a text titled “restoring (恢复) American happiness”， which examines why happiness levels in the United States are falling, despite continually increasing economic improvement.“The United States can and should ra ise happiness by addressing America’s social problems—rising inequality and distrust—rather than focusing mainly on economic growth，” the authors said.
Jeffrey Sachs, the director of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, which published the report, said President Donald Trump’s policies were likely to make things worse.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

《世界幸福指数报告》公布了挪威已经取代丹麦成为世界上最幸福的国家。

4.Which of the following shows the correct order of happiness levels?
A．Finland, the UK, the US, Iceland.
B．Finland, the US, the UK, Iceland.
C．Iceland, Finland, the US, the UK.
D．Iceland, Finland, the UK, the US.
C解析：细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Den mark, Iceland, Switzerland and Finland round out the top five...with the US and UK at 14th and 19th.”可知应选C项。

5.How does TheWorldHappinessReport measure happiness?
A．By asking a question.
B．By having a conversation.
C．By doing scientific research.
D．By carrying out an online survey.
A解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“TheWorldHappinessReport mainly depends on asking a simple question of more than 1，000 people every year in more than 150 countries.”可知，通过询问一个简单的问题，全球幸福指数报告得出了最终的结论。

6.What problem is the US faced with?
A．Its people live an unhappy life.
B．Its economy is going downhill.
C．Its social problems are hard to solve.
D．It has a lower happiness level than before.
D解析：细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“why happiness levels in the United States are falling”可知，美国人的幸福指数下降了。

7.What’s Jeffrey Sachs’ attitude toward Donald Trump?
A．Supportive. B．Unfavorable.
C．Respectful. D．Uncaring.
B解析：推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“President Donald Trump’s policies were likely to make things worse”可知，杰弗里·萨克斯对唐纳德·特朗普表示不满。

Ⅱ完形填空
My three children and I were on our way to get their hair cut for the holidays. My middle child was in __1__ due to some kind of misunderstanding. I didn’t pay special attention to her.I really had __2__ patience to deal with her “middle child syndrome”．
On reaching the barbershop, we stopped our car, __3__ and then headed into the
barbershop.She __4__ followed us, trying to pull herself together. The rest of us entered the barbershop as she was only seconds __5__．
An elderly gentleman had just __6__ with his haircut. He __7__ up to her, with his wife holding him up on his right side. He looked her in the __8__ and said, “You look sad, sweetie.You are too __9__ to be sad！” My sweet baby gave him a smile.Setting against her pink hat, her shining eyes __10__ looked more beautiful. She __11__ a quick deep breath because of surprise.
He winked(眨眼) at __12__ and grabbed his jacket from across the room.He had to cross her path again, as she was seated by the __13__. He stopped, took a look at her for a second __14__， and pulled out his __15__. He handed her a dollar bill.
I don’t remember what was __16__， for it was not any of my business.That man __17__ her a good rest of her night as he and his wife left, leaving a huge __18__ on our hearts forever. My sweet baby __19__ about her dollar’s whereabouts(所在之处) all night.I know that she felt its magic, and I know that I __20__， too.
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。

一位原本在发脾气的小女孩在理发店经一位老人的一眨眼、一笑和一美元之后开心起来。

1．A.reliefB．tears
C．ruins D．danger
B解析：由下文多次出现的sad可知，小女孩因为某种误会在“哭泣(tear)”。

2.A.some B．much
C．little D．endless
C解析：由上句“I didn’t pay special attention to her.”可知，对待小女孩的所谓的“中间儿童综合症”，作者没有多“少(little)”耐心。

3.A.stood up B．moved on
C．turned out D．got out
D解析：由“stopped our car”可知，他们待车停下来以后“下车(get out)”。

stand up“站起来；经得起”；move on“交换工作/班级”；turn out“启动；打开”；get out“离开；逃跑”。

4.A.unwillingly B．happily
C．carefully D．easily
A解析：由下文“trying to pull herself together”可知，小女孩“不情愿地
(unwillingly)”跟在家人身后。

5.A.earlier B．behind
C．late D．before
B解析：由“followed us”可知，小女孩走在最后，比其他人“落后(behind)”几秒钟。

6.A.done B．played
C．finished D．began
C解析：由下文其随后要出门可知，老人刚刚“理完(finish)”发。

7.A.walked B．looked
C．jumped D．ran
A解析：由下文“with his wife holding him up on his right side”可知，老人是“走着(walk)”来到小女孩身旁的。

8.A.mouth B．eye
C．nose D．face
B解析：老人看着小女孩的“眼睛(eye)”讲话。

9.A.tired B．clever
C．beautiful D．brave
C解析：由本空前后的“You look sad, sweetie.”及“beautiful”可知，老人说：这么“漂亮的(beautiful)”小女孩是不应该伤心的。

10.A.never B．always
C．sometimes D．often
A解析：由“My sweet baby gave him a smile.Setting against her pink hat, her shining eyes”可知，她明亮的眼睛“从来没有(never)”像今天这样美过。

11.A.made B．needed
C．avoided D．took
D解析：此处take a deep breath是固定搭配，意为“深吸一口气”。

12.A.him B．her
C．us D．them
B解析：由上下文语境可判断老人应该是向小女孩眨眼。

13.A.door B．window
C．desk D．mirror
A解析：由“He had to cross her path again”可知，老人理完发要出门，不得不经过小女孩旁边，所以她应该被安排坐在“门(door)”边。

14.A.minute B．day
C．chance D．time
D解析：由上文“He looked her in the ______ and said”可知，老人是第二“次(time)”看小女孩。

15.A.bag B．wallet
C．pocket D．hand
B解析：由“He handed her a dollar bill.”可知，老人拿出来的是他的“钱包(wallet)”。

16.A.done B．expected
C．said D．reported
C解析：由“for it was not any of my business”可知，此处指作者忘记了老人对其孩子“说(say)”了些什么。

17.A.wished B．brought
C．gave D．cost
A解析：分手之际老人“祝愿(wish)”小女孩在今天随后的时间过得快乐。

18.A.task B．stress
C．challenge D．impression
D解析：老人的善举给作者一家留下了深刻的“印象(impression)”。

19.A.cared B．asked
C．worried D．heard
B解析：由“her dollar’s whereabouts(所在之处)”可知，小女孩一晚上在“询问(ask)”这一美元放在哪儿了。

20.A.would B．had
C．did D．was
C解析：此空应指“felt its magic”，即作者知道自己也感受到了这一美元的魔力，故用did。