21世纪大学英语读写教程 第二册 unit 1 单词整理

3. amid/ amidst: prep. in the middle of, among
The government collapsed amid budget quarrels.
The debate took place amid a mood of growing political tension.
Amidst the trees stood a statue of the goddess Diana.
4. circumstances -- n. (pl.)
Even under the most favorable circumstances this isn't easy.
In some circumstances it may be necessary for the managing director to come here in person.
6. campaign n.
1) a series of planned military actions;
2) a planned series of activities, esp. in politics and business;
A bombing campaign was conducted against military targets in Iraq.
They have planned an all-out campaign to storm the enemy stronghold.
The company is going to launch a sales campaign for their new product.
Our campaign against smoking is supported by the medical profession.
8. mission n.
1) (usu. military) duty or purpose for which people are sent somewhere
2) A mission is an especially important job that someone is sent somewhere to do. He was immediately sent to Paris. His mission was to negotiate a cease-fire.
He was on a dangerous mission behind the enemy lines.
9. pay the price: experience sth. unpleasant because one has done sth. wrong, made a mistake, etc.
We paid a heavy price for the victory, for we lost 10,000 soldiers.
This is a small price to pay for independence.
This is the price we must pay for a free press.
11. overwhelm -- vt. make (sb.) feel completely helpless, astonished, or embarrassed; overpower the thoughts, emotions, or senses of (sb.)
He was overwhelmed by the intensity of her love.
Fear overwhelmed me.
At the age of forty, he was overwhelmed with work, illness and family problems.
12. retire -- vi. go away; leave a group of people, so as to be on one's own
He retired to his study upstairs.
She agreed to dance for us and retired to put on her costume.
The guests retired to the living room after dinner.
13. retreat n.
1. a place into which one can go for peace and safety
2. 撤退；避难
Examples:
a summer retreat / a weekend retreat
Mike used to go alone to his comfortable retreat by the lake.
Enemy soldiers are now in full retreat.
retreat vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity
The attacker moved towards her and she retreated onto the balcony.
Attacks by enemy aircraft forced the tanks to retreat from the city.
15. come/go to one’s rescue: help sb. when he/she is in danger or difficulty
We were about to close down the business, but the bank came to our rescue.
I was embarrassed as I couldn't remember his name; fortunately Mary came to
my rescue.
They went to the rescue of the drowning man.
16. chance upon: meet by chance; find by chance
Examples
I chanced upon an old school-mate in the street yesterday.
He chanced upon the solution to that problem.
She chanced upon some old love letters her husband kept in the back of the drawer.
18. try one’s hand: attempt (to do sth.), esp. for the first time
After she lost her job, she thought she'd try her hand at writing a novel.
I tried my hand at roller-skating last weekend and found it was much fun.
He tried his hand at repairing the bicycle, but without much success.
19. contemplate vt. look at in a serious or quiet way, often for some time
She lay back on the grass to contemplate the high, blue sky.
The afternoon passed by as he contemplated the waves at the seashore.
21. precaution n.预防措施
1) carefulness
2) an action taken to avoid sth. dangerous or unpleasant
Examples:
Wearing a hat is a sensible precaution in hot summer.
The climbers took the precaution of telling the local policeman when they expected to return.
As a precaution I had taken two sea sickness tablets.
22. alarm vt. excite with sudden fear or anxiety
Examples:
The slightest noise or movement seemed to alarm him.
The lack of books and the poor condition of the school buildings are alarming parents.
n. 1) a sudden feeling of fear or anxiety惊慌
2) a warning of danger警报
Darkness fell and he began to feel some alarm for his wife's safety.
You ought to get a burglar alarm.
The thunder frightened my younger brother.
Scary movies frightened me.
The “Don't Feed the Bears” signs alarmed the campers,
Jane's test results alarmed her doctors.
23. plunge into: begin to do sth. suddenly; enter without hesitation
She plunged bravely into the debate.
He plunged into a financial gamble.
The firefighters had to retreat from the fierce heat.
stroke
1(疾病的)发作;中风
2【机】冲程,行程,动程
3笔划
4一击,一敲;打,打击;一振,一动;(字的)一笔;一举;一划（课文中的意思）;(游泳的)一爬;一触;一闪;一刀She began to paint with bold strokes.
The paper was covered in illegible strokes.
5手腕,手法;政策;功劳,成功v.1抚,摩
2(用笔)在...上划线,勾消
Slash
v.2深深砍入,深深切进;割下,割开;乱砍,乱斩;鞭打
4在(织物上)开裂缝,在(衣服上)开叉
5猛动,猛挥,猛拉n.1〈美俚〉减薪,减少
n. 深砍,深切;乱砍,乱斩;刀痕,伤痕,鞭痕
The wet paint left slashes of green on his new white shirt.
My new dress is pale blue, with a dark blue slash (= a decorative different color) in the sleeves.
28. fall upon/on: attack fiercely
Terrorists were falling upon men and women in the street.
The robbers fell on him from behind the trees.
The gang fell on their rivals with knives and chains.
☆Compare: anger, indignation & fury
John's ___anger__ erupted when he learned that his car had been stolen.
The mayor ignored the citizen's __indignation over the tax increase.
Bill hid in the closet to protect himself from his father's__fury___.
His occasional visits and phone calls are a comfort to his parents in their old age.
32. overcome vt. 1) (often pass.) (by, with) (of feelings) take control and influence one's behavior 2) win a victory over; defeat
Suddenly, I was overcome by a feeling of outrage.
Receiving the prize in honor of her dead father, she was overcome with emotion. Eventually he managed to overcome his fear of public speaking.
33. take refuge in doing/sth
34.His interest in reading revived after he had read that book.
National economy revived after the depression.
Don't revive those old prejudices.
anizers of the Lawson short story competition have received over 10,000 entries.
Entry into the competition is free to all citizens.
A flock of sheep blocked our entry to the village.
37. awaken…to: cause to become con scious of
People are at last awakening to their responsibilities.
The documentary film awakens the whole society to the danger of drugs.
39. bear fruit: produce successful results 有成果
The use of machines to do the work that used to be done by hand has borne fruit in the form of greatly increased profits.
40.odd (1)…以上的（2）奇怪的3
twenty odd years ago
odd-numbered
✓Strange unfamiliar, unknown, or inexplicable
✓Peculiar distinct from all others
✓Odd Strange and peculiar, not ordinary, usual, and expected
✓Queer Strange and peculiar, especially from the norm
✓Quaint pleasing or old-fashioned peculiarity
✓Outlandish alien or bizarre strangeness
✓Eccentric strikingly different from the recognized or conventional 41. date from/back:have existed since
The tradition dated from/back to medieval times.
This church dates from the 13th century.
42. keep sb.’s company: stay with sb. so that he/she is not alone
I enjoy the company of animals better than people.
See p12 Ex. VIII。