新标准大学英语综合教程2_1-6课后翻译、答案及课文翻译

Unit1
Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the suffix -ment or -ism.
1. What is the going to do about this problem? (govern)
Correct answer
government
2. refers to a contemporary way of thinking, and is not easy to define. (postmodern)
Correct answer
Postmodernism
3. Post-war economic led to the creation of new universities in the 1960s. (develop)
Correct answer
development
4. We must combat money worship and extreme . (individual)
Correct answer
individualism
5. The two groups discussed for a long time, but couldn't reach an . (agree)
Correct answer
agreement
6. The best we can make for the future is to provide opportunities for the younger generation. (invest)
Correct answer
investment
7. is the belief that men and women should be treated differently. (sex)
Correct answer
Sexism
8. The of Wordsworth is evident in his poem on the French Revolution. (romantic)
Correct answer
romanticism
2.Rewrite the sentences using so / neither / nor + inversion. Follow the example.
Example:
The gap between childhood and college has shrunk.
The gap between college and the real world has shrunk, too.
The gap between childhood and college has shrunk, and so has the gap between college and the real world.
1. The world has changed a lot since the 1960s, and so have universities.
2. I really enjoyed my years at university, and so did Jackie.
3. Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students, and so is organizing one's time on campus.
4. I'm thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature, and so is Li Ming.
5.I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years, and so has the teaching.
6. We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and so can everyone else on campus.
7. I'm not very interested in politics, nor are my friends.
8.I won't be doing much tonight, nor will my roommate.
3.Rewrite the sentences using mean. Follow the example.
Example:
When you went to college you had your first taste of real freedom.
Going to college meant your first taste of real freedom.
1.Starting out at college means meeting lots of interesting people.
2.Going to bed too late means not being able to concentrate the next day.
3. Doing a course in Lit Theory means spending a lot of time on difficult subjects.
4. Being interested in literature means having an open mind about other ways of life.
5. Protesting against the Vietnam War in the 1960s meant going out onto the streets.
6. Going to college today means spending a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice.
Suggested answer:
在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。

2. These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it's true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics).
Suggested answer:
现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。

当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。

例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。

5 Translate the sentences into English.
1. 政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。

反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。

(give rise to; form an alliance with; launch; bring about)
Suggested answer:
Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the
government.
2. 如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。

从前，大学是一个象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。

(shrink; gone are the days; a means to an end)
Suggested answer:
Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and students are becoming more and more practical. Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.
Unit2
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets and the suffix -ant or -ancy.
1. About 800,000 illegal enter the US every year. (immigrate)
Correct answer
immigrants
2. She says her dream is to be one of the on a TV reality show like "Big Brother". (contest)
Correct answer
contestants
3. I want to get a job as a teacher, but there aren't many at the moment. (vacant)
Correct answer
vacancies
4. I have a friend who runs a management in London. (consult)
Correct answer
consultancy
5. The trial lasted three days, during which time the never opened her mouth. (defend)
Correct answer
defendant
6. Mel can't make his mind up about anything. His is a bit worrying. (hesitant)
Correct answer
hesitancy
7. I don't know the way out of the building. Perhaps you should ask the over there. (attend)
Correct answer
attendant
8. A normal lasts for about 40 weeks. (pregnant)
Correct answer
pregnancy
9. He worked as an headteacher for two years before coming here. (assist)
Correct answer
assistant
Complete the answers with the correct form of the underlined words and the prefix mis-.
1. What happens if you don't understand something properly?
You it. Correct answer
misunderstand
2. What have you done with something if it's in the wrong place?
You have it. Correct answer
misplaced
3. What is the opposite of good fortune?
It is . Correct answer
misfortune
4. If you have made an incorrect judgement of someone's character, what have you done?
You have made a . Correct answer
misjudgement
5. If you have not been correctly informed about something, what has happened? You have been about it. Correct answer
misinformed
Now rewrite the sentences using by the time. Follow the example.
Example:
I accumulated a fixed circle of people. Then I lost my hearing.
By the time I lost my hearing, I'd already accumulated a fixed circle of people.
1. I arrived at the party. Almost everyone had already left.
Suggested answer:
By the time I arrived at the party, almost everyone had already left.
2. At the age of two, children know about 100 words.
Suggested answer:
By the time children are two, they have known about 100 words.
3. In the end he realized what was happening, but it was too late to ask for help. Suggested answer:
By the time he realized what was happening, it had been too late to ask for help.
4. When I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.
Suggested answer:
By the time I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.
5. Children learn a lot of useful skills before they leave primary school.
Suggested answer:
By the time they leave primary school, children have learnt a lot of useful skills.
6. Courtney finished writing the essay. The deadline had already passed.
Suggested answer:
By the time Courtney finished writing the essay, the deadline had already passed.
Rewrite the sentences using as if / as though. Follow the example.
Example:
Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother. She was the one who seemed to have been hurt (and not the other baby).
Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt.
1. I didn't make the mistake, but the old man shouted at me.
Suggested answer:
The old man shouted at me, as if / as though it were me who had made the mistake.
2. The girl didn't fall over, but she started crying.
Suggested answer:
The girl started crying, as if / as though it were she who had fallen over.
3. It wasn't Lucy's party, but she stood at the door welcoming everyone.
Suggested answer:
Lucy stood at the door welcoming everyone, as if / as though it were her party.
4. David wasn't making the noise, but Sylvia closed the door of his room.
Suggested answer:
Sylvia closed the door of David's room, as if / as though it were him that was making the noise.
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself.
Suggested answer:
这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。

铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿，这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。

2. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling. Motor mimicry fades from toddlers' repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone else's pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them.
Suggested answer:
他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。

小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。

Translate the sentences into English.
1. 一看见抽屉里的那些老照片，我的眼泪就涌了出来。

它们让我想起了我跟爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹一起生活的美好时光。

(the moment; well up)
Suggested answer:
The moment I saw those old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters.
2. 有个学生踩到地上的一滩水滑倒了。

周围的人反应各异，有的关心地走上前去看他是否受伤了、能为他做点什么；有的则站在一边不知所措；有的干脆就不理。

(diverge from; approach; confuse over; tune out)
Suggested answer:
When a student slipped on a pool of water and fell over, people's reaction diverged from one another. Some approached caringly to see if he was hurt and if they could help; some just stood there confusing over what to do about it; while others just tuned out.
Unit3
1.b a b b a
Look at the sentence from the passage Stolen identity. And then complete the sentences so that they're true for you, even if you prefer to think they're not.
Example:
There is no escaping the fact that right now fraudsters are finding identity crime all too easy.
1. There is no escaping the fact that when I speak English, .
Suggested answer
I make a lot of mistakes
2. There is no escaping the fact that when I go online, . Suggested answer
I waste a lot of time chatting to people about nothing
3. There is no escaping the fact that when I do an assignment, . Suggested answer
I always start it too late
4. There is no escaping the fact that when I go back home to see my parents, . Suggested answer
I spend too much time on the phone instead of talking to them
5. There is no escaping the fact that when I stay up late, . Suggested answer
I am useless in class the next day
6. There is no escaping the fact that when I go shopping, . Suggested answer
I spend far too much money
3.b b a b a b b a b b
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. That was the strapline of the 2002 film Catch Me If You Can, which tells the story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. (Leonardo DiCaprio), a brilliant young master of deception who at different times impersonated a doctor, a lawyer, and an airplane pilot, forging checks worth more than six million dollars in 26 countries. He became the youngest man to ever make the FBI's most-wanted list for forgery.
Suggested answer:
这是2002年的电影《有种来抓我》的剧情简介。

影片讲述了小弗兰克?阿巴格纳尔（莱昂纳多?迪卡普里奥饰演）的故事。

影片主人公是一位聪明绝顶的年轻骗术大师，曾在不同时间扮演医生、律师和飞行员的角色，在26个国家伪造了价值600万美元以上的支票。

他成了联邦调查局有史以来伪造罪头号通缉令名单上最年轻的通缉犯。

2. Since 2003, identity theft has become increasingly common. Few people could imagine how important things like taking mail to the post office and not leaving it in the mailbox for pickup, shredding documents instead of throwing them out with the trash, even using a pen costing a couple of bucks, have become to avoid life-changing crimes.
Suggested answer:
2003年以来，身份盗窃案变得越来越常见。

很少有人会想象到，为了预防这种改变人生的犯罪，采取一些预防措施有多么重要，比如把邮件拿到邮局去寄而不是丢在信箱里等人来取、把文件切碎而不是直接把它们连同垃圾一道扔出去，甚至使用几美元一支的（特效）笔等等。

3. If we've learned one thing from terrorists, not to mention action movies, it's that a tool is also a weapon. Globally accepted credit cards and the databases that support them are tools for taking the friction out of commerce. That's another way of saying that they're tools for extracting money from people with minimum effort on everyone's part. Suggested answer:
假如说我们从恐怖分子那里—更不用说从动作电影那里——学到了一招，那就是，工具也是武器。

全球通用的信用卡和支持它们的数据库是去除商业摩擦的工具。

换句话说，它们是以让各方最省事的方式从人们那里取钱的工具。

4. Wherever universal identification leads, we don't yet know how to manage a world in which everything can be linked to me, wherever I am. We don't know yet how to balance the undoubted convenience of this world with the peril—vague, but apparently near—that we sense in the presence of all that information combined and consolidated, if only logically.
Suggested answer:
无论通用身份的前景如何，我们尚不知道该如何应付这样一个世界：无论我身在何处，一切都可能与我有关联。

一方面，这个世界给我们提供了无可置疑的种种方便；另一方面，我们又面对着所有这些强化组合的信息（如果是合理的强化组合该多好啊）所带来的种种危险。

这种危险虽然模糊，但显然离我们很近。

我们尚不知如何在两者之间保持平衡。

Translate the sentences into English.
1. 这些文件很重要，内容要绝对保密。

如果要处理掉的话，应先把它们切碎或撕掉，而不是直接当垃圾扔掉。

(content of which; tear up; instead of)
Suggested answer:
These are important documents, the content of which should be kept strictly confidential. If you need to dispose of them, you must shred them or tear them up instead of throwing them out with the trash.
2. 现在，伪造支票、身份证和信用卡之类的白领犯罪已变得相当普遍。

尽管我们学会了许多防止被骗的招数，可是看起来我们随时都可能被骗。

(forge; prevent ... from）Suggested answer:
Nowadays, white-collar crimes such as forging checks, ID cards and credit cards have become very common. Though we have learnt much about how to prevent ourselves from being cheated, it seems that we could be its victims at any time.
3. 地震已过去了好几个月，生活恢复了正常。

人们与平时一样忙着各自的事情。

但一个无法回避的事实是，地震给人们带来的精神创伤也许永远无法抹去。

(go about; there is no escaping the fact that ...; mental trauma; wipe out)
Suggested answer:
It has been several months since the earthquake. Life has returned to normal, and people are busy going about their business. But there is no escaping the fact that the mental trauma the earthquake brought to people will never be wiped out.
4. 为什么说一个图书馆拥有大量可供随时阅览的新书及电子图书资源很重要呢？因为那样的话，学者们就可以了解自己学科领域里的最新进展，知道自己的研究是否有价值。

(matter; readily availabe to; if so)
Suggested answer:
Why does it matter that a library has many new books and electronic resources readily available to the readers? This is because if so, the scholars know the latest development in their own fields and know whether their research is valuable.
Unit4
Replace the underlined words with compounds made from down and the words in brackets.
1. I'm going to the centre of town tonight. (town)
Your replacement: Correct answer
downtown
2. I need to transfer this data onto my computer. (load)
Your replacement: Correct answer
download
3. I'm afraid they're going to move me to a job which is less important. (grade)
Your replacement: Correct answer
downgrade
4. The editor's office is on the floor below this one. (stairs)
Your replacement: Correct answer
downstairs
5. Why have you bought such a cheap and popular tabloid? (market)
Your replacement: Correct answer
downmarket
6. There has been a sharp fall in demand in recent months. (turn)
Your replacement: Correct answer
downturn
Replace the underlined words with phrasal verbs made from the verbs in brackets and down.
1. House prices began to fall a few months ago. (go)
Your replacement: Correct answer
go down
2. I applied for a job with the local paper, but they didn't offer it to me. (turn)
Your replacement: Correct answer
turned me down
3. They always criticize the education minister on that programme. (run)
Your replacement: Correct answer
run down
4. You are expected to leave the position after three years as president. (stand) Your replacement: Correct answer
stand down
5. It's time we all started to work. (get)
Your replacement: Correct answer
got down
6. For centuries these stories have been transmitted from one generation to the next. (hand)
Your replacement: Correct answer
handed down
7. The government lowered interest rates in order to tackle inflation. (bring)
Your replacement: Correct answer
brought down
8. She started crying when she heard the news. (break)
Your replacement: Correct answer
broke down
Rewrite the sentences using by someone + participle. Follow the example.
Example:
Technicians were worried that the mouse could chew through wires. Eventually they caught it.
The mouse was eventually caught by a group of technicians worried that the mouse could chew through wires.
1. A lot of people were interested in the results of the match. They all bought the late-night edition of the paper.
Suggested answer:
The late-night edition of the paper was bought by a lot of people interested in the results of the match.
2. Photographers were determined to get a photo of the princess. They followed her across the town.
Suggested answer:
The princess was followed across the town by photographers determined to get a photo of her.
3. Millions of people watched the programme. They were hoping to win the star prize. Suggested answer:
The programme was watched by millions of people hoping to win the star prize.
4. Two children set off the alarm. They had been startled to hear a noise in the back room.
Suggested answer:
The alarm was set off by two children startled to hear a noise in the back room.
5. The mother of one of the boys contacted the police. She was worried that he might have got lost.
Suggested answer:
The police were contacted by one of the boys' mothers worried that he might have got lost.
6. The editor was hoping to be the first to break the news. He changed the front-page headlines.
Suggested answer:
The front-page headlines were changed by the editor hoping to be the first to break the news.
7. More and more people are reading online editions of the newspapers. They don't want to buy the traditional edition.
Suggested answer:
Online editions of the newspapers are being read by more and more people not wanting to buy the traditional edition.
Now rewrite the sentences using So + inversion + that. Follow the example. Example:
The news was so striking that years after the event, many people can still remember exactly what they were doing when they first heard it.
So striking was the news that, years after the event, many people can still remember exactly what they were doing when they first heard it.
1. The newsreader's accent was so odd that I couldn't understand what she was saying. Suggested answer:
So odd was the newsreader's accent that I couldn't understand what she was saying.
2. The language on that programme was so incredibly bad that I switched off the TV. Suggested answer:
So incredibly bad was the language on that programme that I switched off the TV.
3. The story was so exaggerated that it had to be completely rewritten.
Suggested answer:
So exaggerated was the story that it had to be completely rewritten.
4. One of the trainees was so careless that he left his notebook at the scene of the crime.
Suggested answer:
So careless was one of the trainees that he left his notebook at the scene of the crime.
5. The distance from one region to the next was so great that we had to travel by plane. Suggested answer:
So great was the distance from one region to the next that we had to travel by plane.
6. Frank's reactions were so slow that he wasn't able to avoid hitting the car in front. Suggested answer:
So slow were Frank's reactions that he wasn't able to avoid hitting the car in front.
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. The objective importance of an event is obviously not enough—there are plenty of enormous global issues out there, with dramatic consequences, from poverty to global warming—but since they are ongoing, they don't all make the headlines on the same day. 9/11, in contrast, was not just international, but odd, unexpected, and (in the sense that it was possible to identify with the plight of people caught up in the drama) very human.
Suggested answer:
一个事件光有客观重要性显然还不够——世界上有大量全球性的大问题，都会造成戏剧性的后果，从贫困问题到全球变暖问题——但由于它们都是进行中的，并不都会在同一天成为头条。

对比之下，9/11不仅具有国际性，而且奇特怪异、出人意料，还（可能使读者对身陷那场悲剧中的人们的痛苦感同身受，从这个意义上讲）极具人性。

2. But TV news is not necessarily more objective or reliable than a newspaper report, since the images you are looking at on your screen have been chosen by journalists or editors with specific objectives, or at least following set guidelines, and they are shown from a unique viewpoint. By placing the camera somewhere else you would get a different picture.
Suggested answer:
但是，电视新闻未必比报纸报道更客观或更可靠，因为你在屏幕上看到的图像是经记者或编辑根据特殊的目的，或至少是按照预定指示筛选过的；它们是从一个独特的视点展现给观众的。

如果把摄像机移到别的地方，你就会看到另一番景象。

3. The Internet provides an easy outlet for anyone with an opinion, and there's nothing a newspaper editor likes more for reassurance about their work than feedback and
opinions, as diverse as possible. Teenagers today don't remember a time when they didn't have the Internet, and reading a newspaper is something they only do if they have an assignment to write about the specific medium of print journalism.
Suggested answer:
互联网为任何有意见的人提供了一个便利的窗口；报纸编辑最喜欢的莫过于给他们提供各种不同的反馈和意见，他们能从中得到安慰。

如今十几岁的少年已不记得曾经没有互联网的日子了；只有在写关于印刷新闻这一特定媒体的作业时他们才去读报。

4. So maybe the newspaper won't die without a struggle. Trends for the future of newspaper include an increased demand for local news, and the continued exploitation of lifestyle journalism, which began in the late 1980s, especially within personal finance and travel, will create new revenue streams.
Suggested answer:
如此看来，报纸是不会轻易消失的。

未来报纸发展的趋势包括对本地新闻需求的日益增长，而始于20世纪80年代后期的对生活方式新闻的持续开发利用——尤其在个人理财和旅游方面——将会创造新的收入来源。

Translate the sentences into English.
1. 这个消息来得如此突然、如此令人震惊，我在沙发上呆呆地坐了几分钟。

我的第一本能反应就是赶紧打电话把这件事告诉领导，看看我们能为那些在这起交通事故中死伤的同事做些什么。

(so ... that; first instinct)
Suggested answer:
So sudden, so striking was the news that I sat motionless on sofa for a few minutes. My first instinct was to call our leaders to tell them what had happened and see what we could do for those colleagues who died or got injured in this traffic accident.
2. 纸版的儿童图书与电子书相比有很大的优势。

对孩子们来说，一本印刷精美的纸版书不仅是一本书也是一个玩具。

读纸版书的感觉与在屏幕上读书的感觉是很不同的。

(have advantage over; be different from)
Suggested answer:
Paper books for children have an enormous advantage over e-books. For children, a beautifully printed paper book is not only a book but also a toy they can play with. Reading a paper book is rather different from reading a book on the screen.
3. 近年来，传统媒体呈现出衰退的趋势，新媒体迅速发展。

尽管如此，这并不一定意味着传统媒体已失去市场。

若谈到阅读新闻之类，人们还是习惯于像报纸这样的传统媒体。

(in the tendency of; not necessarily; when it comes to ...)
Suggested answer:
In recent years, traditional media are in the tendency of decline and new media are
developing rapidly. However, this does not necessarily mean that trational media have lost the market. When it comes to reading things like news, people are still used to such traditional media as newspaper.
4. 随着金融危机的爆发，许多企业陷入了困境。

对于那些因缺乏流动资金无法进行再生产又不想让恶性循环继续下去的企业，他们唯一能做的事情就是向政府求助。

(find oneself in difficulty; turn to)
Suggested answer:
With the explosion of the financial crisis, many enterprises find themselves in difficulties. For those who have no circulating fund to invest in new production and would not let the vicious circle continue, the only thing they can do is to turn to government for help.
Unit5
Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the appropriate prefix up- or under-.
1. I had to swim for a long way to get out of their sight. (water) Correct answer
underwater
2. What's happened since I've been away? Can you me? (date) Correct answer
update
3. The first rule in any combat is: Never your enemy. (estimate) Correct answer
underestimate
4. My men spent most of the morning carrying heavy equipment . (hill) Correct answer
uphill
5. As he didn't have his bathing costume with him, the child went swimming in his . (pants) Correct answer
underpants
6. This computer isn't very powerful. I need an . (grade) Correct answer
upgrade
7. You should stand to salute the General. (right) Correct answer
upright
8. In London the subway is known as the . (ground) Correct answer
Underground
Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Can you send me a text message when you arrive? (text)
Your replacement: Correct answer
text
2. I would like to make a video of this scene. (video)
Your replacement: Correct answer
video
3. Samantha is taken to school by bus every morning. (bus)
Your replacement: Correct answer
bussed
4. How can I get access to your account without the password? (access)
Your replacement: Correct answer
access
5. About 100 people moved in a crowd into the waiting room. (crowd)
Your replacement: Correct answer
crowded
6. I've already sent you my reply by mail. (mail)
Your replacement: Correct answer
mailed
7. That's a lot of money you've got there. I think you should put it in the bank. (bank) Your replacement: Correct answer
bank
8. Scientists have succeeded in making a map of the human genome. (map)
Your replacement: Correct answer
mapping
Rewrite the sentences, using the expressions in brackets.
1. One day he will be able to speak fluent English. ( the day will come) Suggested answer:
The day will come when he will be able to speak fluent English.
2. You'll both have to get a job one day. (the time will come)
Suggested answer:
The time will come when you'll both have to get a job.
3. One day you will have a chance to write about the experience. (there will come a day) Suggested answer:
There will come a day when you will have a chance to write about the experience.
4. Perhaps one day I will understand. (the day will come)
Suggested answer:
Perhaps the day will come when I will understand.
Rewrite the sentences using what must it be / have been like. Follow the example. Example:
It's very bad in Holland. I wonder what it's like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the Germans are sending them.
If it's that bad in Holland, what must it be like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the Germans are sending them?
1. It's very cold here. I wonder how cold it is in Scotland.
Suggested answer:
If it's very cold here, what must it be like in Scotland?
2. Houses are expensive in this part of the country. I wonder how expensive they are in Paris.
Suggested answer:
If houses are expensive in this part of the country, what must they be like in Paris?
3. The reading list is rather long in the first year. I wonder how long it will be in the second year.
Suggested answer:
If the reading list is rather long in the first year, what must it be like in the second year?
4. Incomes are very low here. I wonder how low they were a hundred years ago. Suggested answer:
If incomes are very low here, what must they have been like a hundred years ago?
5. The rules are completely crazy in peacetime. I wonder how crazy they are during wartime.
Suggested answer:
If the rules are completely crazy in peacetime, what must they have been like during wartime?
6. Life is hard now. I wonder how hard it was during the Middle Ages.
Suggested answer:
If life is hard now, what must it have been like during the Middle Ages?
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. It was a horrible joke, but Doc Daneeka didn't laugh until Yossarian came to him one mission later and pleaded again, without any real expectation of success, to be grounded. Doc Daneeka snickered once and was soon immersed in problems of his own, which included Chief White Halfoat, who had been challenging him all that morning to Indian wrestle, and Yossarian, who decided right then and there to go crazy. Suggested answer:
那是个粗鲁的玩笑，可是达尼卡大夫并没有笑，直到约萨里安又执行了一次任务之后，再次来求他要求停飞——尽管这没有任何指望。

达尼卡大夫窃笑了一下，很快又沉浸到他自己的麻烦中去了，这包括怀特?哈夫特指挥官那天早上一直在向他挑战，要和他比印度式摔跤，而约萨里安则恰恰在彼时彼地决定要发疯。

2. There was only one catch and that was catch-22, which specified that a concern for one's own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Suggested answer:
只有一个诡局，那就是第二十二条军规，它规定：在面对真正的、紧迫的危险时考虑到自身安全是理智的思维过程。

奥尔疯了，因此可以停飞。

他只须提出请求；而一旦他提出请求，他就不再是疯子，就得去执行更多的飞行任务。

3. Our many Jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. The Gestapo is treating them very roughly and transporting them in cattle cars to Westerbork, the big camp in Drenthe to which they're sending all the Jews ... If it's that bad in。