高三英语适应性考试试题含解析试题(共40页)

顺义区牛栏山一中2021届高三英语(yīnɡ yǔ)适应性考试试题〔含
解析〕
第一局部：知识运用〔一共两节，45 分〕
第一节语法填空〔一共10小题；每一小题分，一共15分〕
A
阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写上 1 个
适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

In the USA the high school graduation ceremony is of great
_____1_____ (important). 12th grade students, or seniors, who are about 17 or 18 years old, look forward to _____2_____ (attend) this event. The graduation ceremony itself takes place at the end of May or beginning of June, which usually _____3_____ (include) music, awards, and a guest speaker.
【答案】1. importance
2. attending
3. includes
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了HY高中的毕业典礼。

【1题详解】
考察名词。

分析句子可知，此处应填名词作为介词of的宾语，be of great importance“很重要〞，故填importance。

【2题详解】
考察(kǎochá)动名词。

分析句子可知，此处应填attend的动名词形式作为介词to的宾语，故填attending。

【3题详解】
考察时态。

分析句子可知，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，本篇讲述一般事实，应用一般如今时，主语which指代上文的graduation ceremony“毕业典礼〞，是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用三单现形式，故填includes。

B
阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写上 1 个
适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Music can be just what you need ____4____ you’re feeling down. The right song can make you smile and feel like getting up and dancing. It can also calm you down when you’re worried. Besides changing ____5____ you feel, music may help your brain work better. Why does music have these powers? It may be because people’s bodies have _____6_____ (nature) rhythms, such as a heartbeat and pulse.
【答案】4. when
5. how
6. natural
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了音乐的好处。

【4题详解】
考察状语从句连词。

本句意为“当你情绪低落时，音乐可以成为(chéngwéi)你所需要的。

〞，此句是由连词when引导的时间是状语从句，表“当……时候〞。

故填when。

【5题详解】
考察宾语从句连接词。

本句意为“除了改变你如何去感受外〞，change后接宾语从句，从句缺乏方式状语，应用引导词how表“如何/怎样〞。

故填how。

【6题详解】
考察形容词。

本句意为“这可能是因为人的身体有自然的节律，比方心跳和脉搏。

〞，名词rhythms要形容词修饰，此空用形容词natural。

故填natural。

C
阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写上 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

I don't like the freezing Northeast winter. So when I had the chance to spend a weekend in Sarasota, Florida, I had my bags
____7____ (pack) in no time. I ____8____ (leave) for the land of warmth, _____9_____ (think) of beaches and orange trees. Swimming pools and pink sunsets filled the weekend. But the best part was a 7:00 am visit to the farmer's market there, _____10_____ proved to be worth the early wake-up call.
【答案】7. packed
8. left 9. thinking
10. which
【解析(jiě xī)】
这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了作者去弗罗里的萨拉塔索度周末的故事。

【7题详解】
考察非谓语动词。

分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作宾补，逻辑主语bags和pack之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填packed。

8题详解】
考察时态。

分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，根据上文的had判断为一般过去时，故填left。

【9题详解】
考察非谓语动词。

分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语I 和think之间是是主动关系，应用如今分词，故填thinking。

【10题详解】
考察定语从句。

分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，它在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。

第二节完形填空〔一共 20 小题；每一小题 1.5 分，一共 30 分〕
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每一小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项里面，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Oseola McCarty
Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house
where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary ___11___ to an ordinary life, but there was something quite ___12___ about this woman.
In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave$150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southey Mississippi in her hometown. The ___13___ was to help other African Americans ___14___ university.
She had ___15___ school in the sixth grade to go to work, never married, never had children and never learned to drive because there was never any place in ___16___she wanted to go. All she ever had was the work which she saw as a ___17___. Too many other black people in the countryside of Mississippi did not have even that. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron ___18___ money which she would then save.
When she retired, she decided that she wanted to use the money to give children of limited means the ___19___ to go to university. She had wanted to become a nurse, but had to leave school to look afire sick relatives and work. When asked why she had given her
life ____20____ away, she replied, "I'm giving it away so that children won't have to work so hard, like l did. " After news of her donation ____21____ the media, over 600 donations were
____22____ to the scholarship fund. One was given by a media senior manager, Ted Turner, who gave a billion dollars.
She didn't want any fuss made over her ____23____, but the news ____24____ and she was invited all over the United States to talk to people. ____25____ she went, people would come up to her to say a few words or to ____26____ touch her. She met the ordinary and the ____27____, President Clinton included. In the last few years of her life, before she died of cancer, McCarty was given over 300 awards. She was honored by the United Nations and _____28_____ the Presidential Citizen's Medal. ____29____ having no real education, she found herself with two honorary doctorates: one from the University of Southern Mississippi and the other from Harvard University. Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and proof that true ____30____ does exist.
11. A. start B. call C. end D. show
12. A. abnormal B. complicated C. common D. exceptional
13. A. time B. case C. rule D. money
14. A. with B. through C. out D. along
15. A. quit B. needed C. opened D. finished
16. A. general B. public C. particular D. advance
17. A. blessing B. praise C. pleasure D. training
18. A. about B. with C. through D. for
19. A. ability B. space C. opportunity D. time
20. A. happiness B. savings C. time D. experience
21. A. ended B. broke C. controlled D. hit
22. A. took B. had C. made D. put
23. A. gift B. dream C. death D.
life
24. A. gave off B. got out C. came about D. put away
25. A. Wherever B. Whoever C. Whenever D. Whatever
26. A. often B. just C. only D. almost
27. A. young B. elderly C. famous D.
poor
28. A. gave B. exhibited C. refused D. received
29. A. Despite B. Except C. Besides D. Beyond
30. A. wealth B. selflessness C. carefulness D. affection
【答案(dá àn)】11. C 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. C
17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. A 24.
B 25. A 26. B 27.
C 28.
D 29. A 30. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述一位名叫Oseola McCarty的清洁工在1999年9
月去世。

她生前将自己的大局部积蓄都捐赠给社会，带动越来越多的人捐
赠，证明了世间确实存在无私的精神。

【11题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。

句意：这看起来好似就是一个普通人生命的终结，但事
实上这个老人是个例外。

A. start开场；B. call ；C. end完毕；D. show表演。

根据上文的Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house可知这位老人去世了，即
生命完毕了，应选C项。

【12题详解】
考察形容词词义辨析。

句意：这看起来好似就是一个普通人生命的终结
(zhōngjié)，但事实上这个老人是个例外。

A. abnormal不正常的；B. complicated复杂的；C. common常见的；D. exceptional例外的。

根据上文的It may seem like an ordinary可知此处用“例外的〞符合语境，ordinary和exceptional是反义词复现，应选D项。

【13题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。

句意：这些钱是用来帮助非裔HY人读完大学用的。

A. time时间是；B. case案件；C. rule规那么；D. money钱。

根据上文的In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave$150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southey Mississippi in her hometown.可知此处用“钱〞符合语境，应选D项。

【14题详解】
考察介词词义辨析。

句意：这些钱是用来帮助非裔HY人读完大学用的。

A. with和；B. through通过；C. out出去；D. along沿着。

根据下文的university.可知此处用“通过〞符合语境，through university“读完大学〞，应选B项。

【15题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。

句意：在六年级时她不得不放弃读书去工作，一生未嫁，没有孩子，也没有学过开车，因为她没有特别想去的地方。

A. quit放弃；B. needed需要；C. opened翻开；D. finished完成。

根据下文的to go to work可知此处用“放弃〞符合语境，应选A项。

【16题详解(xiánɡ jiě)】
考察名词词义/介词短语词义辨析。

句意：在六年级时她不得不放弃读书去工作，一生未嫁，没有孩子，也没有学过开车，因为她没有特别想去的地方。

A.(in) general大体上；
B. (in)public在公开场合；
C. (in)particular特别；
D. (in)advance提早。

根据never learned to drive可知，她没有特别想去的地方，此处考察固定短语in particular“特别〞，应选C项。

【17题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。

句意：她曾经所拥有的全部就是被她看作恩赐的那份工作。

A. blessing恩赐；B. praise表扬；C. pleasure乐趣；D. training 训练。

根据下文的Too many other black people in the countryside of Mississippi did not have even that.可知很多非裔HY人都没有工作，由此推测她把工作看作HY的恩赐，应选A项。

【18题详解】
考察介词词义辨析。

句意：她从小就有存钱的习惯，她会把放学后自己清扫和帮人熨烫挣的钱存起来。

A. about关于；B. with和，有，随着；C. through穿过；D. for为了。

根据句意可知，她去清扫和熨烫是为了挣钱，for money “为了钱〞，应选D项。

【19题详解(xiánɡ jiě)】
考察名词词义辨析。

句意：退休后，她决定把自己存的钱捐给他们，给经济困难的孩子一个上大学的时机。

A. ability才能；B. space空间；C. opportunity时机；D. time时间是。

结合上下文可知，此处是指她所捐赠的钱让一些经济才能有限的孩子可以上大学，即给他们提供了上大学的时机，应选C项。

【20题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。

句意：当被问及为何要捐赠自己一生的积蓄时，她答复：“我捐了钱，那些孩子就不用向我那样艰辛地工作。

〞 A. happiness幸福；B. savings积蓄；C. time时间是；D. experience经历。

根据据上文的In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave$150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life可知此处用“积蓄〞符合语境，且上文的She had started her savings habit也有暗示，应选B项。

【21题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。

句意：当她的捐赠事迹被媒体曝光后，超过600名捐赠者为奖学金基金捐赠。

A. ended完毕；B. broke打破；C. controlled控制；D. hit(网站的) 点击。

根据下文的over 600 donations were
___12___ to the scholarship fund.可知，此处用hit the media表达老人捐款的实际成了媒体上的热门话题，并且带动了其别人的捐款行为，应选D 项。

【22题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。

句意：当她的捐赠(juānzèng)事迹被媒体曝光后，超过600名捐赠者为奖学金基金捐赠。

A. took拿；B. had有；C. made制作，使；D. put放。

根据 One was given by a media senior manager, Ted Turner, who gave a billion dollars可知，此处考察固定短语make donations to“向……捐赠〞，应选C项。

【23题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。

句意：她不想因为自己的捐赠受到关注，但是新闻传了出去，她被邀请到HY的各个地方去演讲。

A. gift捐赠；B. dream梦想；C. death死亡；D. life生活。

根据上文的After news of her donation可知此处用“捐赠〞符合语境，donation和gift是同义词复现，应选A项。

【24题详解】
考察动词短语辨析。

句意：她不想因为自己的捐赠受到关注，但是新闻传了出去，她被邀请到HY的各个地方去演讲。

A. gave off散发；B. got out传出；C. came about产生；D. put away放在一边。

根据下文的she was invited all over the United States to talk to people可知她的捐款事迹被传了出去，应选B项。

【25题详解】
考察连词词义辨析。

句意：无论去哪里，人们都会走上前来和她交谈几句，或者者仅仅和她近间隔的接触一下也好。

A. Wherever无论哪里；B. Whoever无论谁；C. Whenever无论何时；D. Whatever无论什么。

根据上文的she was invited all over the United States to talk to people.和下文的she went可知此处用“无论哪里〞符合语境，应选A项。

【26题详解(xiánɡ jiě)】
考察副词词义辨析。

句意：无论去哪里，人们都会走上前来和她交谈几句，或者者仅仅和她近间隔的接触一下也好。

A. often常常；B. just仅仅；C. only只是；D. almost几乎。

根据上文的___15___ she went, people would come up to her to say a few words可知她如今很知名，故此处用“仅仅〞符合语境，可以表达她的受欢送程度，应选B项。

【27题详解】
考察形容词词义辨析。

句意：她见过普通人，也见过有名的人，克林顿总统
包括在内。

A. young年轻的；B. elderly年老的；C. famous有名的；D. poor穷的。

根据下文的President Clinton included.可知此处用“有名
的〞符合语境，应选C项。

【28题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。

句意：她受到结合国的表彰，并获得了总统公民勋章。

A. gave给；B. exhibited展览；C. refused回绝；D. received获得。

根据上
文的She was honored by the United Nations可知，此处用“获得〞符合
语境，应选D项。

【29题详解】
考察介词词义辨析。

句意：尽管没有承受过真正的教育，但她获得了两个荣
誉博士称号：一个是HY密西西比南部大学，另一个是哈佛大学。

A. Despite
尽管；B. Except除了；C. Besides除……外；D. Beyond超过。

根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，应选A项。

【30题详解(xiánɡ jiě)】
考察名词词义辨析。

句意：她的大方很明显对很多人是一个启发，而且也证
明了世间确实存在无私。

A. wealth财富；B. selflessness无私；C. carefulness仔细；D. affection喜欢。

本文主要讲述老人捐款的故事，再
结合上文的Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many可知此
处用“无私〞符合语境，generosity和selflessness是同义词复现，应选B 项。

第二局部：阅读理解〔一共两节，40 分〕
第一节〔一共15小题；每一小题2分，一共30分〕
阅读以下短文，从每一小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项里面，选出最正确
选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
When Lina was awoken by the sound of thunder, she was alone on the island. The air was cool and bullfrogs croaked. It was that brief moment when the summer sun had set but the stars hadn't yet appeared. Lina rubbed her eyes and looked around.
“Hello?〞she called. “Celia? Marie〞
There was no response.
The moon was rising now, shedding light on the island. They had always called it “Forgotten Island〞 because no one but they seemed to remember its existence. It wasn’t on any of the maps
they could find, and even the forest rangers did n’t know about it. Lina loved that the island, hidden in a heavily-wooded side stream of the river, was a secret between the three friends — her, Celia, and Marie.
But now Lina was here alone, and it was night. Worse still, it was her own fault.
“Come on, Lina, let Marie row the boat.〞 Celia had said. Marie was two years older than Lina, but she was a hopeless rower.
That’s why Lina refused and rowed the boat to the island. The argument that followed the refusal took the usual form. Celia took Marie’s side, as she always did. Lina had exploded and yelled at them to just leave. So they got back in the boat and left.
A bolt of lightning crossed the darkened sky, accompanied by a deafening thunder clap. The storm was here. As the first cold raindrop slid down h er neck, Lina’s mind returned to her current problem. She was stuck here by herself. She just hoped she didn’t become as forgotten as the island. The thought of it sent a chill (寒意(hán yì)) down her back.
Suddenly, Lina spotted something in the water. It was a boat, and inside it were Marie, Celia, and Marie's dad, who was steering through the fast flowing waters. As the boat approached, they saw Lina waving and the worried expressions on their faces turned to relief.
In her excitement Lina jumped into the river. Only once she was in the icy water did she remember how fast the water was moving. Luckily a strong arm reached into the water and pulled her out. She smiled weakly at Marie’s dad and, without a word, hugged Celia and Marie. They didn’t seem to mind becoming wet.
31. What can be inferred about the island?
A. It is very near the ocean.
B It is a popular place for boating.
C. It is surrounded by thick forest.
D. It has never been reached by others.
32. Why did Lina get angry?
A. Marie would not help row the boat.
B. Lina was left alone on the island.
C. Marie didn't know how to row the boat.
D. Celia supported Marie in the disagreement.
33. What caused Lina to feel a chill?
A. Her shame about the unnecessary argument.
B. The first raindrops of the approaching storm.
C. The idea that no one would come to save her.
D. The drop in temperature as the sun went down.
34. Who pulled Lina out of the water?
A. Marie’s father.
B. Lina herself.
C Marie.
D. CeliA.
【答案(dá àn)】31. C 32. D 33. C 34. A 【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了三个女孩儿一同去一座无人的小岛上，因为让
谁划船产生了分歧，其中一个女孩Lina生气分开了队友单独留在了岛上。

最后被朋友的父亲营救出来的故事。

【31题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第四段最后一句Lina loved that the island, hidden in a heavily-wooded side stream of the river, was a secret between the three friends — her, Celia, and Marie.可知，丽娜很喜欢这个小岛，它隐藏在河边一条树木繁茂的小溪旁，是她、西莉亚和玛丽这三个朋友之间的
机密。

由此可知，小岛是被浓密的森林包围着。

应选C。

【32题详解】
细节理解(lǐjiě)题。

根据第六段中的Celia took Marie’s side, as she always did. Lina had exploded and yelled at them to just leave.可知，西莉亚一如既往地站在玛丽一边。

丽娜大发雷霆，对他们大喊大叫，要
她们分开。

由此可知，在发生争论时，西莉亚一直支持玛丽，这使得丽娜很
生气。

应选D。

【33题详解】
细节理解题。

根据倒数第三段中的She just hoped she didn’t become as forgotten as the island. The thought of it sent a chill (寒意) down her back.可知，她只是希望她不会像这个岛一样被遗忘。

一想到这，她就不寒而栗。

由此可知，丽娜一想到自己可能会像这个岛一样被遗忘，没有人来
救她，这不禁使她有了一阵寒意。

应选C。

【34题详解】
细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的Luckily a strong arm reached into the water and pulled her out. She smiled weakly at Marie’s dad and, without a word, hugged Celia and Marie.可知，幸运的是，一只强壮的手臂伸进了水里，把她拉了出来。

她对玛丽的父亲微微一笑，一言不发地拥抱了西莉亚和玛丽。

由此可知，玛丽的父亲把丽娜从水里拉了上来。

应选A。

B
72 Hours in Beijing
Traveling to China is no longer a luxury for many foreign passport holders. The Chinese government has permitted a 72-hour visa-free policy that offers access to visitors from 53 countries including the US, France and Austria. Let’s start with the capital of China, Beijing. Here’s a pick of the best in Beijing!
Mutianyu Great Wall
Your trip to Beijing isn’t really complete without seeing one of the “New Seven Wonders of the World〞, the Great Wall of China. The Mutianyu section of the Great Wall is by far the most well-preserved of all. Taking a one-hour bus ride Mutianyu would be your ideal location for a half day of hiking away from the large crowds in the city. Also the authorities have allowed tourists to paint graffiti on a specific section of the Great Wall since 2021. The Great Wall was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987.
798 Art Zone
This would be on the top of my list! Named after the 798 factory that was built in the 1950s. The art zone is home to various galleries, design studios, art exhibition spaces, fashionable shops and bars. You could easily spend half your day wandering around the complex, feeling the contrast of the present and the past.
Summer Palace
Located in northwestern Beijing, the Summer Palace is by far the city’s most well-preserved royal park. With its huge lake and hilltop views, the palace offers you a pastoral escape into the landscape of traditional Chinese paintings. The Summer Palace was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998.
Sichuan Provincial Restaurant
While in Beijing, apar t from trying the city’s best-known Peking duck the Sichuan provincial restaurant is one of the places where you can enjoy regional delicious food. It offers one of China’s eight great cuisines, Sichuan, which ranges from Mapo tofu to spicy chicken.
35. Which of the following is true about the Mutianyu Great Wall?
A. You can paint graffiti anywhere.
B. You need a half day to get there.
C. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2021.
D. It is the most well-preserved part of the Great Wall.
36. When was the Summer Palace added to the UNESCO World Heritage List?
A. In1950.
B. In 1987.
C. In 1998.
D. In 2021.
37. Which place is the author’s first choice when visiting Beijing?
A. Mutianyu Great Wall.
B. Summer Palace.
C. 798 Art Zone.
D. Sichuan Provincial Restaurant.
【答案(dá àn)】35. D 36. C 37. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇应用文。

中国政府允许免签证的外籍游客可以在中国停留72小时。

本文重点介绍了如何利用这72小时参观不容错过的四个目的地。

【35题详解】
细节理解题。

根据Mutianyu Great Wall中的第二句“The Mutianyu
section of the Great Wall is by far the most well-preserved of all.〞可知，慕田峪长城是迄今为止保存最完好的长城。

应选D。

【36题详解】
细节理解题。

根据Summer palace中的最后一句“The Summer Palace was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in1998.〞可知，颐和园是1998年被列入世界文化遗产名录的。

应选C。

【37题详解】
细节理解题。

根据798 Art zone中的第一句“This would be on the top
of my list!〞可知，作者参观第一个要去的地方就是798Art Zone。

应选
C。

【点睛】细节理解题简述
提问文章细节的选择题是阅读理解题中的常见题型，用来考察考生对文章内
涵〔即事件发生的时间是、地点、人物、开展过程和结局等方面〕的理解。

如何答复细节(xìjié)理解题？
提问文章细节的选择题一般针对文章中某个特定细节或者涉及假设干细节。

一般来说，围绕文章细节的命题大局部题目都可以在原文中找到答案，或者
者需要略微变通一下，寻找文中关键词的同义词或者释意，这是表层理解。

以上三个小题在文中都能直接发现答案，属于直接理解题目，难度低。

C
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity〔长寿〕? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics
Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-
living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times. Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger. Personality isn’t destiny,
and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
38. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.
A. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
B. to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health
C. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span
D. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
39. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A. They are more likely to get over hardship.
B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.
C. They generally appear more resourceful.
D. They have a good understanding of evolution.
40. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation？
A. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.
B. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.
C. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.
D. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.
41. What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?
A. Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.
B. Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.
C. Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D. Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.
【答案(dá àn)】38. C 39. A 40. D 41. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇科教类阅读．文章主要介绍了一些影响长寿的因素．
【38题详解】
细节理解题。

根据"The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing，more active and less neurotic 〔神经质的〕 than other people．Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic〔同情的〕 and cooperative than women with a normal life span．"可知研究目的是要发现什么样的性格品质会影响一个人的寿命。

应选C。

【39题详解】
推理判断题。

根据"These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory：those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times．"可知作者认为外向并有同情心的人更容易克制困难。

应选A。

【40题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段中however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old.可知，这项研究发现可能自律等人格特征对长寿没有影响。

应选D。

【41题详解(xiánɡ jiě)】
推理判断题。

根据"But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health．"可知长寿不仅与一个人的身体安康有关，而且与其心理安康也有很大关系。

应选D。

【点睛】在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要联络上下文根据文章事实进展符合逻辑的推理判断。

此题第4小题，根据"But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health．"可知长寿不仅与一个人的身体安康有关，而且与其心理安康也有很大关系。

应选D。

D
When most people think of the word, “brand〞, they think of the Nike Swoosh, Ford “blue oval,〞 McDonalds Golden Arches, or the “State Farm is There〞 jingle. They know what theywill get with a wellbranded product or service as promised. Think of Volvo, for instance, and your first thoughts are probably something like
“well built, comfortable, Swedish〞and, most of all, “safety〞.
So a brand is a lot more than a logo, icon, or slogan. Catchy as it may sound, it isn’t the “brand〞 in the true sense—and it certainly isn’t what makes the brand valuable.A company’s brand
is a promise. It’s a description of the company’s character. To some extent, it’s a mission; it’s how the company creates and delivers value. Also, it’s the feeling the company conveys to its stakeholders. Successful brands meet various challenges and consistently deliver on their promises, which is how they create brand value.To illustrate it, here are some brand promises from three highly successful, world-wide brands:The NFL: “To be the premier sports and entertainment brand that brings people together, connecting them socially and emotionally like no other.〞Coca-Cola: “To inspire moments of optimism and uplift.〞VirginAtlantic: “To be genuine, fun, contemporary, and different in everything we do at a reasonable price.〞
Interesting. In none of the above cases does the brand promise describe what these companies do or provide. The NFL’s brand promise says nothing about football. Coca-Cola doesn’t talk about providing the best soft drinks in the world. And Virgin Atlantic’s promise goes a lot farther than seating passengers in its aircrafts.
Of course, a promise is nowhere near enough. The promise along with look, personality, time, money, and hard work combined can eventually help to build and maintain great brands and acquire a special patina(光泽(guāngzé)) of what I call “me〞 appeal, showing my personal appetite. Apple has that patina. All of this can lead
to sub-brands, like iPhone and iPad which acquire the glory of the parent brand.
Sometimes a brand is memorable because of little things. TD Bank has a special place in their branches for you to deposit all those coins you collect in jars. It is called the Penny Arcade that turns depositing your coins into a fun game in which you can even win prizes. Years ago, Dime Savings Bank in New York had a small
dime(非常硬币) carrier. It was given to kids and then they’d fill
up its 50 slots (投币口) with a dime in each one and bring it to exchange for a $5 bill.
42. What can we know from the first 2 paragraphs?
A. People tend to believe in top brands because they deliverwhat is promised.
B. Well branded Swedish products are of good quality but more
costly than others.
C. Well branded products are faced with great challenges of quality currently.
D. A company shouldn’t care about logos because they can’t make
the brand valuable.
43. In the author’s opinion, a brand promise is ___________.
A. thecontract between a company and the people who interact with
it
B. the only way to build and maintain a great brand’s value
C. a description of what a company actually does for its consumers
D. an important factor contributing to the success of a brand
44. According to the passage, wh at isprobably “Virgin Atlantic〞?
A. A financial company.
B. A high-tech software product.
C. An airline company.
D. An entertainment product.
45. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Buying a certain brand says nothing about the person who buys it.
B. Little things can mean a lot and make a brand memorable.
C. Sub-brands are relatively easy to build and generate huge profits.
D. Dime Savings Bank’s dime carriers are difficult for kids to operate.
【答案(dá àn)】42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B
【解析(jiě xī)】
本文是一篇议论文。

当大多数人想到“品牌〞这个词时，他们想到的是耐克的标志，福特的“蓝色椭圆〞。

文章告诉我们“小事情可以意味着很多，让一个品牌令人难忘。

〞
【42题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第一段中They know what they will get with a well branded product or service as promised.第二段中A company’s brand is a promise. It’s a description of the company’s charac ter. To some extent, it’s a mission; it’s how the company creates and delivers value.可知，从第二段我们知道“人们倾向于相信HY，因为他们兑现了承诺。

〞应选A。

【43题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第二段中Successful brands meet various challenges and consistently deliver on their promises, which is how they create brand value. 笔者认为，品牌承诺是一个品牌成功的重要因素。

应选D。

【44题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第三段最后一句Virgin Atlantic’s promise goes a lot farther than seating passengers in its aircrafts.根据文章，“Virgin Atlantic〞可能“一个航空公司。

〞应选C。

【45题详解】
推理判断题。

根据(gēnjù)最后一段第一句Sometimes a brand is memorable because of little things.从这篇文章可以推断出“小事情可以意味着很多，让一个品牌令人难忘。

〞应选B。

第二节〔一共 5 小题；每一小题 2 分，一共 10 分〕
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项里面选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。

选项里面有两项为多余选项。

There is an English saying, ''_____46_____'' Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun
to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body.
____47____
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise.___48___ If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio。