(英语)高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析

（英语）高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
March 21 has been declared World Sleep Day, a time to recognize and celebrate the value of sleep. Many sleep experts hope it will be a wake-up call.
According to a poll (民意调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, nearly 4 in 5 Americans don't get as much sleep as they should during the workweek. On average, adults are thought to need at least eight hours of sleep a night, although some can manage with less and some won't do well without more. But the survey found that, on weekdays, only 21% of Americans actually get a full eight hours of sleep, and another 21% get less than six hours.
To many of us, the thought of spending more time sleeping is, well, a big yawn. On the other hand, the thought of being smarter, thinner, healthier and more cheerful has a certain appeal. And those are just a few of the advantages that can be ours if we consistently get enough sleep, researchers say. Also on the plus side: We're likely to have better skin, better memories, better judgment, and, oh, yes, longer lives.
“When you lose even one hour of sleep for any reason, it influences your performance the next day,” says Dr. Alon Avidan, director of the UCLA Sleep Disorders Center.
A study published last year found the same to be true even of children. When kids aged 8 to 12 slept for just one hour less for four nights, they didn't function as well during the day.
But sleeping has an image problem.“We see napping or sleeping as lazy,” says Jennifer Vri end, a clinical psychologist in Ottawa, Canada, and the leading author of the study with children.“We put so much emphasis on diet, nutrition and exercise. Sleep is in the back seat. In fact,”she adds,“no matter how much we work out, no matter how well we eat, we can't be in top physical shape unless we also get plenty of sleep.”
（1）The underlined part in Paragraph 1 means .
A. waking up the sleepers
B. drawing people's attention
C. serving as a morning call
D. declaring the special day
（2）From Paragraph 3 we can infer that .
A. being healthier is one of the advantages for us
B. sleeping has nothing to do with one's expectations
C. enough sleep is the guarantee of the appealing things
D. spending more time in sleeping is a waste of time
（3）What Jennifer Vriend said in the last paragraph implies that .
A. people care little about sleeping
B. sleeping is an image problem
C. lazy people tend to sleep long
D. sleeping is only part of our life
（4）What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To talk about people's sleeping problems.
B. To provide an investigation result of sleeping.
C. To stress the function of sleeping at night.
D. To arouse the awareness of enough sleep.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，充足的睡眠对我们非常重要,为了引起人们的足够重视,3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日。

（1）考查词义猜测。

此处指,睡眠专家希望3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日这件事会引起人们对睡眠的重视。

由此可知,a wake-up call含有警钟的意思。

与B项表述的意思相近,故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“On the other hand, the thought of being smarter, thinner, hea lthier and more cheerful has a certain appeal.”可知,充足的睡眠可以使我们更聪明、更苗条、更健康、更快乐等,这些都是有吸引力的事情。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“We put so much emphasis on diet, nutrition and exercise. Sleep is in the back seat.”可知,人们注重饮食、营养和锻炼,不很重视睡眠。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

这篇文章旨在让人们意识到充足睡眠的重要性,呼吁人们关注睡眠问题。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
It is commonly believed that the earliest Chinese paper-cutsappeared during the sixth century. Some scholars believe it was even earlier.Legend has it that during the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-AD24), Emperor Wudi wasvery sad after one of his favorite concubines, Madame Li, died. A Taoistpriest, Li Shaoweng, cut a piece of hemp paper in the shape of Madame Li. Whenevening fell, the emperor's servants lit candles in his bedroom; the reflectionof that paper-cut on the wall made the emperor think about his belovedconcubine.
The Yuxian paper-cut is different from most paper-cutsproduced in other regions of China. Paper-cuts from other regions are mostlycut with scissors or knives from single-colored paper, such as red or blackpaper.
There are four major procedures to making the Yuxianpaper-cut: First, sketch the pattern on the draft paper; second, fasten thedraft to the paper to be cut; third, use a knife to carve out the pattern; andfourth, dye (染色)the paper-cut with various colors.
Precise cutting skills are needed to make a piece of theYuxian paper-cut, which highlights the craft maker's artistic taste and dyeingskills. That explains the following saying: "The successful making of aYuxian paper-cut is 30 percent dependent on the maker's cutting skills, and 70percent on the maker's dyeing skills."
The traditional Yuxian paper-cut highlights two themes:flowers and characters in Chinese operas. The paper-cut is particularly knownfor its vivid description of characters in various traditional Chinese operas.In October 2009, the art of Yuxian's paper-cut was added to the list ofIntangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) established by UNESCO (United
NationsEducational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization).
（1）The first paragraph is actually about___________.
A. Emperor Wudi's favorite concubine
B. the origins of Chinese paper-cuts
C. the inventor of Chinese paper-cut
D. one of the themes of Yuxian paper-cut
（2）Which is the most important skill of making paper-cut?
A. Drawing skill.
B. Cutting skill.
C. Dyeing skill.
D. Carving skill
（3）According to the passage, the Yuxian paper-cut is especially famous for its__________.
A. lively images of characters in classic operas
B. traditional Chinese operas
C. Chinese cultural influence on operas
D. advanced cutting techniques
（4）What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Earliest Chinese Legend
B. The Yuxian Paper-cut Skills
C. Emperor Wudi's Sad Story
D. Chinese Yuxian Paper-cut
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国蔚县剪纸。

（1）考查段落大意。

根据第一段可知，介绍了中国剪纸的起源。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“The successful making of a Yuxian paper-cut is 30 percent dependent on the maker's cutting skills, and 70 percent on the maker's dyeing skills.”蔚县剪纸的成功制作30 %取决于制作人的切割技巧，70 %取决于制作人的染色技巧。

可知染色技巧对于剪纸最重要。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“The paper-cut is particularly known for its vivid description of characters in various traditional Chinese operas”剪纸以其对各种传统戏曲中人物的生动描述而闻名。

可知，选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了蔚县剪纸有四个主要步骤。

制作蔚县剪纸需要精确的切割技巧，这突出了手工艺者的艺术品味和染色技巧。

传统蔚县剪纸突出了两个主题:中国戏曲中的花和人物。

这些都是围绕着“中国蔚县剪纸”这个主题展开的。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Here's a selection of festivals for tourists to the United States in summer.
San Francisco Silent Film Festival
Films at this odd cinematic event have a variety of musical accompaniments, including piano and violin. It includes some classic silent movies. If you want to see them all, you can buy a festival pass.
May 29 to June 1; www.silent
Union Street Festival
This popular street fair stretches out over six blocks of the city, in the fashionable shopping area of Union Street. This year, there's beer, wine, biscuits tasting and more separate themes-fashion, cuisine, tech, local, craft, and health and fitness.
June 7 to 10;
North Beach Festival
This is San Francisco's oldest street party, with live entertainment, delicious food and arts and crafts. Situated in the Little Italy district, known for its associations with the “Beat Generation”, festival goers are guaranteed plenty of good Italian food. There is also as the “blessing of the animals”, a San Francisco tradition which takes place at the National Shrine of Saint Francis of Assisi (610 Vallejo Street) at 2 pm on both days of the festival.
June 14 to 16;
Stern Grove Festival
This is the oldest free summer arts festival of its kind in the United States. It includes a wide variety of acts, from the local symphony orchestra to well known artists such as Smokey Robinson. Sundays from June 22 to Aug 24;
（1）Which of the following festivals contains the most themes?
A. Union Street Festival.
B. San Francisco Silent Film Festival.
C. North Beach Festival.
D. Stem Grove Festival.
（2）How is North Beach Festival different from the other festivals?
A. Festival goers can enjoy food in it.
B. It lasts the shortest time.
C. It has the longest history of food.
D. Some foreign culture is presented in it.
（3）When can you enjoy the oldest arts festival in the United States?
A. Saturdays in July.
B. Saturdays in May.
C. Sundays in May.
D. Sundays in July.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国旅游时的夏季盛会，即三藩无声电影节、联合大街节、北滩节和斯特恩格罗夫节。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据Union Street Festival部分中的“This year, there's beer, wine, biscuits tasting and more separate themes-fashion, cuisine, tech, local, craft, and health and fitness.”可知，今年有啤酒、葡萄酒、饼干品尝和时尚、美食、科技、地方、工艺、健康和健身等多个主题。

可知选A。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据North Beach Festival可知，时间是从June 14 to 16，只有3天。

San Francisco Silent Film Festival（May 29 to June 1）4天； Union Street Festival（June 7 to 10）4天；Stern Grove Festival（Sundays from June 22 to Aug 24）时间更长。

故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。

根据Stern Grove Festival部分中的“Th is is the oldest free summer arts
festival of its kind in the United States.”中，时间在Sundays from June 22 to Aug，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地画) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru. It is ranging from geometric patterns to drawings of different animals and stylized human-like forms. The ancient lines can only be truly taken in from high in the air, leaving generations puzzled as to how these precise works could have been completed long before the documented invention of human flight.
The Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the Peruvian desert in the 1920,s. Who built them and what was their purpose? Are they roads, star pointers，maybe even a gigantic map? If the people who lived here 2,000 years ago had only a simple technology, how did they manage to construct such precise figures? Did they have a plan? These markings are like a vast puzzle.
The Nazca Lines are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs in the world. There are also huge geoglyphs in Egypt, Malta，United States (Mississippi and California), Chile，Holivia and in other countries. But the Nazca geoglyphs, because of their numbers， characteristics, dimensions and cultural continuity as they were made and remade throughout a certain history period, form the most impressive archeological (考古学的) group.
The Nazca plain is unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate (one of the driest on Earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfall per year) and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind at ground level. With no dust or sand to cover the plain and little rain or wind to erode (腐蚀) it, lines drawn here tend to stay drawn. These factors, combined with the existence of lighter-colored subsoil beneath the desert surface, provide a vast writing pad that is suited to the artist who wants to leave his mark eternal.
（1）What can we know about the Nazca Lines from the first two paragraphs?
A. They were built as a big map.
B. They were formed by nature.
C. They are ancient lines in caves.
D. They are huge markings in a desert
（2）How many factors make the Nazca Lines the most impressive?
A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
D. Four.
（3）Why are the Nazca Lines well preserved?
A. Because of the wind at ground level.
B. Because of the existence of soft soil.
C. Because of the climate and geography.
D. Because of the thick sand on the top.
（4）What does the underlined word “eternal” probably mean?
A. Non-stop.
B. Ever-lasting.
C. Real-life.
D. High-end.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了出现在秘鲁南部Nazca沙漠的大型古代地画The Nazca Lines，其神奇之处及形成原因。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地画) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru.”及对The Nazca Lines图案和发现过程的具体介绍，可知the Nazca Lines是出现在秘鲁南部Nazca沙漠的大型古代地画，故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Who built them and what was their purpose? Are they roads, star pointers，maybe even a gigantic map? If the people who lived here 2,000 years ago had only a simple technology, how did they manage to construct such precise figures? Did they have a plan?”四方面使人迷惑的问题，可知这四个因素使the Nazca Lines更独特更使人们难忘，故选D。

(3)考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“The Nazca plain is unique fo r its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind at ground level.”可知因为这里干燥少雨的气候和平坦多石的地形使地画能很好的被保留，故选C。

(4)考查词义猜测。

最后一句指这些因素，加上沙漠表面下浅色地下土壤的存在，给那些想要永久留下印记的艺术家提供了一个巨大的书写板。

“eternal”永恒的，和Ever-lasting同义，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和词义猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并进一步根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Guess what former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and United States president Donald Trump's granddaughter, Arabella Kushner, have in common? They both study Chinese as a second language.
Although Chinese is known as one of the hardest languages to learn, a lot of people from different backgrounds are studying it with hopes of big benefits.
Nov 2 saw more than 120 people, coming from 105 countries, compete in the finals of the 12th "Chinese Bridge" Chinese Proficiency Competition for foreign secondary school students. Held in Zhengzhou, Henan province, the finals was mainly made up of speech contests and talent shows. The contestants also visited the Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes and other historical sites in Henan.
While reasons for learning Chinese were different, a common one was interest in the country's rich culture and rapid development.
Raissa, 17, from the Union of the Comoros, developed a strong emotional connection with China after her grandmother was cured by doctors of the Chinese medical team in Africa three years ago. This led her to learn Chinese at a local Confucius Institute.
Fascinated by Chinese culture, the competitor has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese
medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China. "My dream is to study medicine in China so that I could cure patients like the Chinese doctors did," she said.
For Fekete Marcell Zoltan, 17, from the Hungarian-Chinese Bilingual School, studying Chinese may secure him a future job as a Hungarian diplomat(外交官) to China. "After graduation from high school, I would like to further my studies in China," he said.
Robert Davis, director of the Chinese-language program in Chicago's public school system, may give you a hint. "Chinese isn't the new French. It's the new English, which is widely used all over the world." he told CGTN.
（1）Why are Mark Zuckerberg and Arabella Kushner mentioned in paragraph one?
A.To show Chinese is popular.
B.To introduce them to the readers.
C.To tell the readers they love China.
D.To stress the importance of learning Chinese.
（2）The underlined word Fascinated in paragraph 6 can be replaced by ______.
A.Attracted
B.Employed
C.Inspected
D.Appreciated
（3）What is the common reason for the competitors to learn Chinese?
A.It's easy to learn.
B.They want to become a doctor.
C.They hope for a good job after graduation.
D.They have interest in Chinese culture and rapid development.
（4）What is Robert Davis' attitude to learning Chinese?
A.Doubtful.
B.Supportive.
C.Indifferent.
D.Upset.
【答案】（1）A
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了汉语变得越来越受欢迎这一现象。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“They both study Chinese as a second language.”以及上文可知，前澳大利亚的首相Kevin Rudd, 脸谱 CEO Mark Zuckerberg and 川普的孙女 Arabella Kushner,是为了突出他们都在学汉语，从而表明汉语很流行，所以选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第六段中的“Fascinated by Chinese culture, the competitor has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China.”可知是由于被中国文化吸引，参赛者参加各种有关中医以及民间艺术的活动，所以fascinated表示吸引，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段“While reasons for learning Chinese were different, a
common one was interest in the country's rich culture and rapid development.” 可知这些参赛者们学习汉语的共同原因是他们对中国文化和发展感兴趣，所以选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Chinese isn't the ne w French. It's the new English, which is widely used all over the world.” 可知他认为汉语将会像英语一样在全世界广泛应用，所以他对学习汉语的态度是支持的，所以选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
"Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move," said David Belle, the founder of parkour.
Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.
Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, "I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything."
Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself.
（1）Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of .
A.its founder, David Belle
B.the varieties of participants
C.its risks and tricks
D.the film, Casino Royale
（2）The underlined word "obstacles" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to " ".
A.streets
B.objects
C.roofs
D.barriers
（3）Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour?
A.Sports and extremes.
B.Determination and freedom.
C.Dreams and success.
D.Excitement and popularity.
（4）Which of the following is true of parkour?
A.It is a team sport.
B.It is a good but boring sport.
C.It needs special training.
D.It challenges human abilities.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了跑酷运动的起源、特点和此运动蕴含的哲理。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的‘’Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.”可知因为James Bond在电影Casino Royale中的精彩跑酷表演使得这项运动在全世界流行，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only t he abilities of the human body.”可知跑酷的目的是尽可能快地从一个地方移动到另一个地方，利用人体的能力越过道路上的所有障碍。

画线部分over obstacles on the way.与getting over all the barriers in the path意思一致，指跨越路上的障碍。

obstacles与barriers同义，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and i n life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers”可知跑酷蕴含的哲理是决心；第六段中的“Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom.”可知蕴含的另一个哲理是自由。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Parkour is considered an extreme sport.”；第四段中的“Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds.”可知跑酷是极限运动，像听起来那样刺激和迷人。

因此它挑战人类的能力。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
On hearing the words "Just do it!", you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If it's “Always
Coca-Cola”, you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.
An advertising slogan(广告标语) is to a brand what eyes are to a person. The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds. It's almost certain that every brand has a popular slogan.
Here are a few examples:
"Just do it!"-This slogan speaks out to teens. It tells them to do something, but only if they think it's worth it. And if so, why not do it wearing Nike?
"Always Coca-Cola."-Coke's slogans change every few years, but this one has enjoyed a lasting popularity because it shows the brand's spirit. It seems to say "Coke is the only drink there is; there are no other forms of drinks."
"Share moments, share life."-This slogan from Kodak connects photos and beauty. It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them-using Kodak film of course!
（1）What would be the best title for the text?
A.Just Do It!
B.Slogan And Brand
C.Famous Slogans
D.What Is A Good Slogan?
（2）Which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence (paragraph 2)?
A.A good advertising slogan should draw people's attention.
B.A brand should have an advertising slogan just as people have eyes.
C.An advertising slogan is as important to a brand as eyes are to a person.
D.An advertising slogan acts as the eyes of a brand.
（3）The word "them" in the last paragraph refers to____.
A.people
B.the happy moments
C.photos and beauty
D.Kodak film
（4）Which of the following tables can best match the slogans with their brands?
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“On hearing the words ‘Just do it!’, you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If it's ‘Always Coca-Cola’, you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.”介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系，下文举了几个例子，故选B。

（2）考查句义猜测。

根据第二段中的“The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds.”标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。

好的标语在
人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。

可知，使用“An advertising slogan(广告标语) is to a brand what eyes are to a person.” 作者把标语对于品牌的作用比作眼睛对于人的作用，也就是说广告标语对一个品牌和眼睛对一个人一样重要。

故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。

根据最后一段中“It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them-using Kodak film of course!”可知，them指的是前文的“happy moments”。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds.(标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。

好的标语在人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。

可知，表格中的第一条“Obey your thirst”服从你的渴望，标语当中的“thirst”有口渴的意思，故可能跟饮料有关；根据常识可知，这是饮料雪碧的广告语。

结合选项，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A name is more than just a word. It carries the weight of a person's whole identity. A name can represent a person's ethnicity (种族身份) and culture, or show respect for their ancestral roots. A self-given name may represent a person's beliefs or chosen identity.
Everyone has the right to have their name pronounced correctly. It is a sign of respect for a person's individuality. "A person's name is to him or her the sweetest and most important sound in any language," Dale Carnegie writes in his book How to Win Friends and Influence People. Behind each name is a story, and when a name is anglicized (英语化), mispronounced, or ignored, that story is dismissed.
A name mispronounced for a long time can negatively impact a person's attitude toward their own identity. It can create feelings of shame or embarrassment because they are made to feel like a burden. In the long term, this might cause someone to distance themselves from their roots. They may begin shying away from their native language, culture, and family for the sake of fitting in.
In order to avoid this, many international students living in the U.S. choose English names. People shouldn't have to ignore their identities for the sake of someone else's convenience.
Everyone makes mistakes, and not everyone can get a name right on the first try. Mispronouncing a name repeatedly, however, shows a lack of effort. It is not okay to be comfortable with mispronouncing names, and being unfamiliar with a language is no excuse.
If you're unsure whether you're pronouncing a name correctly, just ask. Think of it as a way to expand and strengthen understanding, both personally and culturally. When meeting someone for the first time, make sure that you heard the name correctly. It doesn't take a lot to simply repeat the name back. Spell it out. Write it down. Do whatever you have to do to get the name right. Making the effort to correctly pronounce someone's name is an essential part of cultural
competency (文化素养). Without this, we cannot expect to show respect and tolerance for our diverse community.
（1）What may a person's name tell us?
A. His cultural background.
B. His physical appearance.
C. His favorite sound.
D. His attitude to life.
（2）What's the long-term influence of mispronouncing ones name?
A. The feeling of shame may be caused.
B. The person may feel over-burdened.
C. The character of the person may change.
D. The person may try to hide his roots.
（3）What does the writer think of mispronouncing a name repeatedly?
A. It is unavoidable.
B. It is unacceptable.
C. It strengthens friendship.
D. It shows discrimination.
（4）What's the last paragraph mainly about?
A. How to show our respect for others.
B. How to avoid mispronouncing names.
C. How to improve our pronunciation.
D. How to live harmoniously in a community.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人的名字所代表的含义。

一个名字不仅仅是一个单词。

它承载着一个人整个身份的重量。

名字可以代表一个人的种族和文化，也可以表示对祖先的尊重。

一个自取的名字可能代表一个人的信仰或选择的身份。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“A name can represent a person's ethnicity (种族身份) and culture, or show respect for their ancestral roots.”名字可以代表一个人的种族和文化，也可以表示对祖先的尊重。

可知，一个人的名字可以告诉他的文化背景。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“In the long term, this might cause someone to distance themselves from their roots.”从长远来看，这可能会导致一些人远离自己的根。

可知，读错名字的长期影响是这个人可能会试图隐藏他的根源。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Mispronouncing a name repeatedly, however, show s a lack of effort. It is not okay to be comfortable with mispronouncing names, and being unfamiliar with a language is no excuse.”然而，反复念错一个名字，表明你缺乏努力。

对名字念错感到不舒服是不好的，不熟悉一门语言也不是借口。

可知，作者对一个名字反复发错音这是不可接受的。

故选B。

（4）考查段落大意。

根据第一段中的“If you're unsure whether you'r e pronouncing a name correctly, just ask. Think of it as a way to expand and strengthen understanding, both personally and culturally.“如果你不确定你的名字发音是否正确，直接问。

把它看作是扩展和加强理解的一种方式，无论是个人的还是文化的。

”可知，最后一段讲述的是“如何避免名字发音错误。

”故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解
Nobel prize winners sometimes display as much uniqueness when deciding how to spend their prize money as they did on the work that won them the award in the first place.
When Sir Paul Nurse won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2001, he decided to upgrade his motorbike. A fellow winner in 1993, Richard Roberts, installed a croquet lawn in front of his house. Austrian author Elfriede Jelinek, who won in 2004, said the prize meant "financial independence."
Lars Heikensten, executive director of the Nobel Foundation, said there were no obvious shopping trends among winners.
"I think it depends a lot on which country they come from, their personal finances... what kind of incomes they have when they get the prize," he said.
Real estate, however, is a popular option, at least among those willing to reveal what they spend the money on. Phillip Sharp, the American co-winner of the 1993 medicine prize, decided to splash out on a 100-year-old Federal style house. "I took that money and bought a little bit bigger house... It's a beautiful old place," he told AFP(法新社), adding that "The money is a nice part of the process", but "the important thing about the prize is the recognition."
For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clear-cut, as the honor tends to go to politicians, organizations and activists who are under more public supervision. Many, like US President Barack Obama in 2009 and the European Union in 2012, donate to charities.
Literature winners tend to be more private about how they use the money, but the choice is often equally straightforward. "Even if Nobel-winning authors are quite well known, many of them will not have made much money from writing," said Anna Gunder, a Nobel literature expert at Uppsala University. While the prize might keep the wolf from the door for some years, giving them freedom to write, it can also briefly have the opposite effect. "It really changes their careers… During the first year after they've won they often write less, but they generally continue after a year or two," said Gunder.
（1）From the passage, we learn that ______.
A. The money is actually the best part of the Nobel Prize
B. Nobel winners have great originality in using prize money
C. Few winners would spend their prize money on houses
D. Winners become more independent on their country
（2）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase "clear-cut" in paragraph 6?
A. open
B. private
C. unique
D. complex
（3）According to the passage, in the first year after winning Noble Prize, literature winners may .
A. become less productive
B. make more money from writing
C. have the freedom to create more and better works
D. disappear from the public eyes for a period of time。