2021年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)

2021年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)
2021-6
PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A (0.5 point each )
21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.
A. compelling
B. rational
C. ridiculous
D. ambiguous 22.
The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence. A. support B. restrict C. raise D. modify 23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for
quick recovery. A. improve on B. abide by C. draw upon D. reflect on
24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our
fear of GM foods. A. abundant B. controversial C. conducive D. convincing 25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the
test will be better off. A. more wealthy B. less successful C.
dismissed earlier D. favorably positioned 26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum. A. influence B. strength C. outlook D. consequence 27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches. A. believed B. discarded C. advocated D. confirmed 28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices. A. assessing B. cutting C. elevating D.
altering
29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of
housing would be brought under control.
A. joined
B. ascribed
C. fastened
D. diverted
30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities
to live beside the new factories.
A. dashed
B. filed
C. strolled
D. swarmed
Section B (0.5 point each)
31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.
A. Tied up with
B. Fed up with
C. Wrapped up in
D. Piled up
with
32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest
in his _____ home. A. humble B. obscure C. inferior
D. lower
33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from
________ as possible. A. humidity B. humanity C. harmony
D. honesty
34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a
huge role in our life. A. vessel B. vest C. venture D. vehicle
35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school
diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.
A. set about
B. run for
C. sit through
D. make for
36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning
digitalization could drive an even deeper ______between the rich and poor.
A. boundary
B. difference
C. wedge
D. variation
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37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.
A. accustomed to
B. committed to
C. applied to
D. suited to 38. The
sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths. A. elegant B. immense C. hollow D. clumsy
39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That
would _____ her to a high risk.
A. expose
B. lead
C. contribute
D. send
40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution,
around the sun. A. tour B. travel C. visit D.
trip
PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)
Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization.
\research, and science in general are ever more important,\
Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.
Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.
\should be spending a semester at a university in China.\
It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required \curriculum\The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized \
Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49
\College Courses\for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.
41. A. inspecting 42. A. in accordance with 43. A. update 44. A. trust-worthy 45. A. turn out 46. A. In spite of 47. A. perish 48. A. appropriate 49. A. optical 50. A. sparing
B. reviewing B. in line with B. uphold B. note-worthy B. turn in B. As if B. destroy B. imaginative B. optional B. spiraling
C. searching C. in charge of C. upset C. praise-worthy C. turn to C. Let alone C. abolish C. special C. opposite C. spanning
D. underlying D. in response to D. upward D. reward-worthy D. turn over D. Rather than D. denounce D. specific D. optimistic D. sparkling
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PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage One
A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.
Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.
Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.
When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.
There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants. 51. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.
B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.
C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.
D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.
52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________. A.
can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster B. cannot be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl
C. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disaster
D. can be more serious than we used to think
53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side
___________. A. where the wind is coming B. where the wind is going C. where the wind is weaker D. where the wind is stronger
54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.
A. on the left side in the bus
B. on the right side in the bus
C. in the middle of the bus
D. at the back of the bus
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55. It is implied in the passage that ________.
A. people should not take street level transportation
B. tiny iron
particles will not cause health problems
C. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonous
D. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus 56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________. A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce B. stay away from the traffic as far as
possible
C. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the street
D. count down for the light to change
Passage Two
Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease
the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.
Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.
Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. \piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,\
Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said. Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. \along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet,\
57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________. A. can be eased B. can be ended
C. will become worse
D. will last for decades
58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________. A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns B. subtle changes in atmospheric patterns C. humans' burning of fossil fuel
D. increasing levels of carbon dioxide
59. The word \
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A. pessimistic
B. optimistic
C. worried
D. insensible 60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming? A. To
find other energy sources besides fossil fuels. B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate. C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.
D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.
61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.
A. a region like Siberia
B. a warmer and warmer place
C. a tropical region
D. a place like North Pole
62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world is
A. lack of harmony
B. violence
C. global warming
D. climate shift
Passage Three
We're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.
Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the \you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.
It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.
Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually
behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.
In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in
the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of
the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.
If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when
the eyes see a product.
63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to
_____________.
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