2010年高考英语二轮复习语法专题

2010年高考英语二轮复习语法专题
定语从句
一、基本概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

如：
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?
That is the house where he lived ten years ago.
注意：
（1）定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；
（2）定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。

（3）★引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose，as
★关系副词有：when, where, why.
二、关系词的用法：
（一）关系代词的用法：
关系代词引导的定语从句, 关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。

指代对象
在从句中所做的成分人
物
人+物
可否省略
主语
who/that
which/that
that
不可
宾语
who/whom/that which/that
that
可
表语
that
that
that
可
定语
whose/of whom
whose/of which
不可
This is the detective who came from London.
The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.
The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
This is the room that／which Shakespeare was born in.
注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。

1．★作定语用whose =the+ n+ of of which
=of which the + n
(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
注意：“介词+ whose +名词”引导定语从句。

如：
I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard.
门是蓝色的那间房是我的。

2．★作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。

如：
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
3、★as在定语从句中的用法::：as可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（1）. as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如，就像”之意。

它在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。

例
The elephant’s nose is like a snake，as anybody can see.
（2）as引导限制性定语从句多与such、so或the same 连用，它可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.
I shall do it in the same way as you did.
（3）. as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。

例如：As had been expected，the England team won the football match.
The earth runs around the sun，as is known to everyone.
注意：★the same…that与the same…as在意思上是不同的。

例如：
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. 高考英语。