Unit 5 The power of nature

Unit 5The power of nature
Ⅰ.单词回顾
(一)拓展单词
1．erupt v i. (指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n. 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发2．equipment n. 设备；装备→equip v. 配备；装备
3．evaluate v t. 评估；评价；估计→evaluation n. 评估
4．absolute adj. 绝对的→absolutely ad v. 绝对地；完全地
5．suit n. 一套外衣；套装v t. 适合；使适宜→suitable adj. 合适的
6．actual adj. 实在的；实际的→actually ad v. 实际地
7．unconscious adj. 失去知觉的；未察觉的→conscious(反义词)有知觉的；有意识的→consciously ad v. 有意识地
8．uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不舒适的→comfortable adj. 合适的；舒适的→comfort v t. 使安慰
9．shoot v t. 射中；射伤→shot/shot(过去式/过去分词)
10．anxious adj. 忧虑的；不安的→anxiously ad v. 不安地→anxiety n. 担忧；焦虑；渴望
11．panic v i.&v t. 惊慌n. 惊慌；恐慌→panicked/panicked(过去式/过去分词) 12．diverse adj. 多种多样的；不同的→diversity n．差异性；多样性
13．appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；感谢→appreciate v t. 欣赏；感激
14．appoint v t. 任命；委派→appointment n. 约定；任命
(二)重点单词
1．precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的
2．wave n．波浪；波涛
v i.波动；起伏；挥手
3．potential n．潜在性；可能性；潜能
adj.可能的；潜在的
4．alongside ad v.在旁边；沿着边
prep.在……旁边；沿着……的边
5．guarantee v t.保证；担保
6．document n．文件；证件
7．tremble v i.摇晃；摇动；颤抖
【联想】
1．形容词＋un­ 前缀变形容词
①comfortable→uncomfortable 不舒服的
②conscious→unconscious 失去知觉的
③able→unable 不能的
④pleasant→unpleasant 不愉快的
⑤lucky→unlucky 不幸的
⑥likely→unlikely 不可能的
⑦known→unknown 无名的
⑧happy→unhappy 不高兴的；不幸福的2．动词＋­tion 变名词
①appreciate→appreciation 感激；欣赏
②evaluate→evaluation 评估
③erupt→eruption 火山爆发
④addict→addiction 沉溺；嗜好
⑤relax→relaxation 放松
⑥translate→translation 翻译
3．以“­ity”结尾的高频名词荟萃
①diversity 多样性
②necessity 必需品；需要
③possibility 可能性
④security 安全
⑤similarity 相似(性)
Ⅱ.短语回顾
1．have_a_gift_for 有……天赋
2．be_appointed_as 被委派为……3．burn_to_the_ground 全部焚毁4．make_one's_way 前往
5．be_anxious_about 为……忧虑/不安6．glance_through 匆匆看一遍
7．vary from...to... 由……到……不等8．give_birth_to 生孩子；产仔
9．be_buried_under_the_ruins 被埋在废墟下10．be_suitable_for 适合
11．be_home_to 是……的栖息地
12．take_notice_of 注意……
【联想】
1．“under＋名词”结构
①under guarantee 在保修期内
②under attack 遭受攻击
③under consideration 在考虑中
④under construction 在建造中
⑤under control 在控制中
⑥under discussion 在讨论中
⑦under pressure 在压力下
⑧under repair 在修理中
2．through短语荟萃
①go through 通过；经历；检查
②look through 浏览；翻阅；仔细查看
③come through 经历(疾病、危机)仍活着；(消息或信息)传来
④glance through 匆匆看一遍
⑤break through 突破
⑥pass through 穿过；通过；经历
⑦get through (电话)打通；完成
3．“take＋n.”相关短语面面观
①take notice 留意；注意
②take effect 生效；起作用
③take charge 开始管理；接管
④take exercise 锻炼
⑤take pains 努力；尽力；下苦功夫
⑥take photos 拍照
⑦take steps 采取措施
4．“have a/an＋n.＋for”短语集锦
①have a gift for 有……的天赋
②have a preference for 偏爱；特别喜爱
③have a desire for 想要；渴望
④have a nose for 对……敏感
⑤have a taste for 对……有兴趣
⑥have a fancy for 喜欢；迷恋
⑦have a chance for 有……的机会
Ⅲ.佳句必背
1．动词­ing 形式的完成时态作状语
Having_collected_and_evaluated_the_information,_I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。

2．be about to do...when... 正要做……这时……
I was_about_to_go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。

3．独立主格结构作原因状语
The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人爬下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。

4．It is said that... 据说……
It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服能力。

Ⅳ.课文回顾
I __1__ (appoint) as a volcanologist twenty years ago. The job is exciting but __2__ (occasional) dangerous. I don't mind the danger because I help protect ordinary people from the volcanoes. What I do is to collect database about Mount Kilauea, __3__ active volcano in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
When __4__ (boil) rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes __5__ (little) damage than you might imagine. The reason is __6__ no one lives near the top of the mount, where the rocks fall. However, the lava can bury everything in __7__ (it) path under the molten rock.
Once I was lucky enough __8__ (have) a much closer look at the volcano the day after its __9__ (erupt) with two other scientists. We had to wear protective suits that covered our whole body. We made our way __10__ the edge of the crater and collected some lava for later study. That was my first experience.
1．was_appointed 2.occasionally 3.an 4.boiling 5.less
6．that7.its8.to_have9.eruption10.to
Ⅴ.单元语法
v．­ing形式作状语
1．She works in a theatre, following (follow) in her father's footsteps.
2．All the people in the village moved away, leaving (leave) it an empty village.
3．After finishing (finish) reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
4．Having_worked (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
5．They thanked me over and over and the cashier was moved to tears saying (say) there was an angel in her line today.
核心单词重难突破
1．appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定
I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian V olcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.
二十年前，作为一名火山学家，我被派到夏威夷火山观测站工作。

(1)appoint sb. as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事
appoint a time/place for为……约定时间/地点
(2)appointment n．任命；约会
make/have/fix an appointment with sb.与某人预约
keep/break an appointment守/违(失)约
[练习]单句语法填空
①He was appointed as captain of this voyage.
②She made an appointment (appoint) with her doctor ahead of time.
③I was appointed to_take (take) charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
④I regret to tell you that I can't travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed (appoint) time.
2．wave n．波浪；波涛vi.波动；起伏；挥手
He waved at the waiter, who rushed to the table.
他冲服务员招了招手，服务员就急忙跑到桌边。

(1)a wave of... 一波……
in waves 一阵一阵地；波浪似的
make waves 兴风作浪
(2)wave to/at sb. 朝某人招手；朝某人挥手
wave sb. good­bye/wave good­bye to sb. 向某人挥手告别
[练习]单句语法填空
①The inspector waved (wave) his arms to try his best to keep steady.
②Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves (wave)．
3．suit n．一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜
We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.
我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了双大靴子。

(1)a suit of 一套……
suit...to... 使……适合……
(2)suited adj. 适合的(作表语)
be suited for/to sth. (某人)适合某物
(3)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的
be suitable for sb. (某物)适合某人
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
[辨析]
①They'd soon be penniless and homeless if she couldn't find suitable (suit) work.
②A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
(2)完成句子
Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I
am_suitable_for_this_job.
首先，因为我的英语口语流利，我认为我适合这项工作。

4．potential n．潜在性；可能性；潜能adj. 可能的；潜在的
All medicines have both benefits and the potential for harm.
所有的药物既有益处，也有带来危害的可能性。

potential for ……的潜力/可能性
have/show potential 有潜力/表现出潜力
achieve/fulfill/realize one's potential 发挥某人的潜能
have the potential to do... 有做……的潜力
[练习] (1)单句语法填空
I must say that I have the potential to_work (work) as an instructor.
(2)完成句子
尽管她艺术方面的能力还没有发展，但她有作为艺术家的巨大潜力。

Although her ability in art hasn't yet developed, she
has_great_potential as an artist.
5．unconscious adj. 失去知觉的；未察觉的
He was unconscious of having offended her.
他没有意识到已经冒犯了她。

(1)be unconscious of未觉察到；未意识到……
fall/become unconscious失去意识；不省人事
(2)become conscious清醒过来
be conscious of意识到……
be conscious that...意识到；觉察到
[练习]单句语法填空
①She is very conscious of the problems involved.
②The man became unconscious (conscious) because of the bad injure.
6．anxious adj.担心的；忧虑的；焦急的；不安的
The gifted child who is bored is an anxious child.
有天赋的儿童，一旦烦躁，就成了焦虑的儿童。

(1)be anxious for/about 为……担心/担忧
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
(2)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地
[练习] (1)单句语法填空
①He was anxious about/for his family, who were travelling abroad.
②He was most anxious to_find (find) a job so as not to have to depend on others.
③Watching him climb up the precipice, everybody was breathless with anxiety (anxious)．
(2)完成句子
I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm anxious_to_get_help_from_you.
别人告诉我辅导中心可以给学生提供帮助，我急于想从您那儿得到一些帮助。

7．panic (panicked; panicked; panicking) n．惊慌；恐慌vi.(十分)恐慌；惊慌vt.使恐慌
I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.
我感到很紧张，不得不强迫自己镇静下来。

(1)panic sb. into doing sth.使某人因惊慌做某事
panic over/about/at...对……惊慌
(2)get into a panic惊慌失措
in panic惊慌地
in a state of panic处于惊慌状态
[练习]单句语法填空
①Not only do online rumors cause people in panic, but they disturb public order.
②The protests became more violent and many people were panicked into leaving the country.
③The whole class panicked (panic) when the teacher said that there would be a quiz today.
8．guarantee vt.保证；担保n．保证；保证书
If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don't forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.
如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池，别忘了许下一个愿望，以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、持久。

(1)guarantee sb. sth./guarantee sth. to sb.向某人保证某事
guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
(2)under guarantee在保修期内
give sb. a guarantee (that) 向某人保证……
[练习]单句语法填空
①The car is less than a year old, so it is still under guarantee.
②We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee us to_succeed (succeed) in the end.
重点短语拓展延伸
1．make one's way前往；行进；取得成功
It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.
穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中心地区。

make one's way to/towards 朝……走去
fight one's way奋力前进
lose one's way迷路
feel one's way 摸索前进
push one's way挤出来
wind one's way蜿蜒前进
[练习]完成句子
①By and by, cars and computers have made_their_way into millions of homes.
渐渐地，汽车和电脑已经进入了寻常百姓家。

②There was no light, so we had to feel_our_way in the dark.
由于没有灯光，所以我们不得不在黑暗中摸索着向前走。

③The Great Wall winds_its_way across north China like a huge dragon.
长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。

2．vary from...to... 由……到……不等
The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
这里地面的高度由海拔700米到2 000多米不等，是多种多样的珍稀动植物的生长地。

(1)vary in sth.(大小、形状等)不同；有别
vary with... 随……变化；改变
vary between...and... 从……到……转变
(2)various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的
variety n．种种；多样化
a variety of种种……
[练习]单句语法填空
①I like reading very much, especially the story books, varying (vary) from Chinese stories to English stories.
②As is well­known to us all, prices vary with the seasons.
③The Internet makes us smarter over various (vary) kinds of things.
④In the botanical garden we can find varieties (vary) of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
3．burn to the ground 全部焚毁
And many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.
许多房屋被火山岩所覆盖或被全部焚毁。

burn to death 烧死
burn off 烧掉；消耗掉
burn up 烧得更旺；烧掉；烧毁
burn down 把……烧毁；渐渐烧完
burn out 烧完；烧光
[练习]完成句子
By tonight, the whole place is going to be burnt_to_the_ground.
在今晚，这整个地方将会成为一片废墟。

典型句式精讲精练
1．Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.
忙了一整天，我早早就上床睡觉了。

该句型中Having worked hard all day 是现在分词的完成式作状语。

现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，二者之间有明显的时间先后关系
[练习]单句语法填空
①Having_found (find) a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
②Having_been (be) ill for a long time, he needed time to recover.
③Having_been_warned (warn) by the teacher, they didn't make such mistakes.
2．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。

be about to do...when...表示“正要……这时(突然)……”，when为并列连词when表示此意义时，还用于以下句式：
be doing...when...
be on the point of doing...when...
be on the way to...when...
had just done...when...
[练习]单句语法填空
①He was about to_go (go) to bed when the light went out.
②Peter was_walking (walk) in the street when he caught sight of a car racing towards him.
③Tom was on the way home when a stranger stopped him.
④I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。

this being my first experience 是独立主格结构。

其主要的构成方式如下：
(1)名称或代词主格＋分词
(2)名称或代词主格＋不定式
(3)名称或代词主格＋形容词(副词、名词、介词短语)
独立主格结构本身不是句子，但在语义上相当于一个句子。

在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。

独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开[练习]单句语法填空
①The guide leading (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
②Weather permitting (permit), they will go boating.
③He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed (fix) on the blackboard.
4．It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。

(1)It is said that... 表示“据说……”的意思，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。

相当于people say that...。

该结构还可以转换成sb. is said to do...结构
(2)该句型中的不定式根据句子意思可有一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)和完成式(to have done)三种形式
John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school.
＝It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school.
据说约翰是这个学校最好的老师之一。

(3)It is thought that...大家认为……
It is believed that...人们相信……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is well­known that...众所周知……
It is generally considered that...大家认为……
It is supposed that...据推测……
[练习] (1)单句语法填空
①It is believed that the Chinese are honest and hard­working.
②He is thought to_have_acted (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
③Carbon dioxide is said to_be_heating (heat) the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
(2)完成句子
①It_is_hoped the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。

②It_is_said that the new mayor will come into power next month.
据说新市长下个月将上任。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Tom was badly hurt and still unconscious (知觉) after the accident.
2．The teacher should not evaluate (评估) his students only by their scores.
3．My deskmate was appointed(任命)Chairman of the Students' Union of our school last month.
4．There is a diagram (示意图) of the heating system on the wall.
5．I would appreciate it very much if you could give us some precious (宝贵的) advice on how to improve our online English school.
6．We cannot guarantee(保证) the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.
7．He crossed the street and walked alongside (沿着……的边) Central Park.
8．Given the opportunity, I'll dig my potential (潜能) to the fullest.
9．If someone loves you, express your appreciation(感激)．
10．The volcano on that island hasn't erupted (爆发) for many years.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The appointment (appoint) of Mr Black as general manager of the firm was announced yesterday, but Mr Black gave it up because of poor health.
2．Hiking trips can be uncomfortable (comfort) and even dangerous.
3．The pop star walked out of the stage, waving (wave) her hands elegantly to her crazy fans.
4．Cycling is an absolutely (absolute) energy­saving means of transportation.
5．With trembling (tremble) fingers, he removed the camera from his pocket.
6．The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bathe) the mountain in golden light.
7．They ran away in such a panic that they dropped their bags and shoes.
8．She rushed downstairs, only to_find (find) the hostess lying unconscious on the floor.
9．I saw some women chatting (chat) in the shade when I passed by.
10．Tianshan is home to a great diversity (diverse) of plants and animals.
11．I think you can come at any time in the afternoon, if that is suitable (suit) for you.
12．Having_waited (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
13．To show our appreciation (appreciate) for all your hard work, we'd like to give you a bonus.
14．They were bathing in the lake when a strong wind swept across the surface of the lake.
15．My uncle went to the seaside, where he enjoyed a pleasant holiday.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Not completed the project, they have to stay there for another two weeks. completed改为completing
2．With all the houses being burnt to the ground, they had no place to live in.去掉being
3．Instead of blaming me, he asked me anxious what was going on.anxious改为anxiously
4．I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel while I heard the steps.while改为when
5．There was no bus, we had to take a taxi to go to the station.was改为being 6．This is the building where the new sports equipment are stored.are改为is Ⅳ.完成句子
1．She left in such a hurry that she didn't even wave_goodbye_to_us.
她离开得这么匆忙，甚至没跟我们挥手再见。

2．He walked along the lane and made_his_way to the cave. Worried about meeting beasts, he walked quickly.
他沿着小路向山洞走去。

担心遇到野兽，他加快了脚步。

3．It's_said_that she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.
据说前几天她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。

4．He carelessly glanced_through the note and got away.
他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。

5．The conceptions and practices of child education vary_from_culture_to_culture.
教育孩子的观念和做法因文化的差异而有所不同。

Ⅴ.短文改错
Everyone should take the action to reduce haze (雾霾), which is harmless to our health. First of all, I believe that if we plant more tree, there will be less haze in their city. Trees can absorb car exhaust fumes, thus reduce pollution. Second, the government should punish the factories where produce too many fumes. Exhaust fumes is the main cause of haze and do greatly harm to people's health. Maybe we can move factories to areas where few people live. Third, I think it was a great idea to encourage people to use public transportation. Last but not least, we can call on citizens ride bikes if they travel short journeys.
答案。