2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第74期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析B卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
We must look beyond______and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.
问题1选项
A.justifications
B.illusions
C.manifestations
D.specifications
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项justification“借口，理由”；B选项illusion“错觉，幻想”；C选项manifestation“表示，表明”；D选项specification“规格，说明书”。

根据并列连词and可知空格处与assumptions的意思接近，因此选B。

句意：我们必须超越幻想和假设，努力发现缺失的东西。

2.
单选题
Even when textbooks are ______through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly. 问题1选项
monplace
B.standardized
petitive
D.generalized 【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项commonplace“平凡的，普通的”；B选项standardized“标准化的”；C选项competitive“竞争的，比赛的”；D选项generalized“普遍的，广泛的”。

根据Even可知空格与vary greatly的意思相反，因此选B。

句意：即使教科书通过学校系统标准化，教学方法也可能有很大的不同。

3.
单选题
When he tried to make a_______, he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.
问题1选项
plaint
B.claim
C.reservation
D.lodging
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项complaint“抱怨，控诉”；B选项claim“宣称，声称”；C选项res ervation“预约，预订”；D选项lodging“寄宿，借宿”。

根据the hotel was completely filled （酒店客满了）可知C选项符合语义，make a reservation表示“预订”。

句意：当他试图预订时，他发现他想要的旅馆因为一个会议而客满。

4.
翻译题
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Short message service is a mechanism of delivery of short messages over the mobile networks. It is a store and forward way of transmitting messages to and from mobiles. The message (text only) from the sending mobile is stored in s central short message center which then forwards
it to the destination mobile. This means that in the case that the recipient is not available; the short message is stored and can be sent later. Each short message can be no longer than 160 characters. These characters can be text or binary Non-Text Short messages. An interesting feature of SMS is return receipts. This means that the sender, if wishes, can get a small message notifying if the short message was delivered to the intended recipient.
【答案】短信服务是通过移动网络来传送短消息的机制。

它是一种在手机间储存和发送信息的途径。

发送手机所传来的信息（纯文本）被储存于中央短消息中心，然后这个中心将它转发到目标手机。

也就是说，在这种情况下，收件人收不到消息。

短消息是先被储存后再被发送。

每条短信可能不超过160个字符。

这些字符可以是文本，或是二进制非文本消息。

短信有趣的地方在于有回执。

就是说，如果收件人成功收到短信，那么发件人就会收到一条提醒通知。

5.
单选题
This is one of the animals that can the color of their surroundings.
问题1选项
A.take up
B.take in
C.take on
D.take to
【答案】C
【解析】词组题。

A选项take up拿起，开始从事，占据；B选项take in吸收，理解，欺骗；C选项take on 承担，呈现，具有；D选项take to喜欢，走向，开始从事。

句意：这种动物是那种可以随着环境的颜色而改变身体颜色的种类。

因此，C项“呈现”符合题意。

6. 单选题
Although he has become rich, he is still very______of his money.
问题1选项
A.economic
B.thrifty
C.frugal
D.careful
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项economic“经济的，有关经济的”；B选项thrifty“节俭的”，常用
于be thrifty with sth.；C选项frugal“节省的，节俭的”，可用于be frugal with/of sth.；D选
项careful“小心地，仔细地”，be careful with/of sth.表示“当心，注意”。

根据Although he has become rich与of可知选C。

句意：虽然他变得富有了，但他仍然很节俭。

7.
单选题
The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.
Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite contrary.” The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called a “technological renaissance” say they are working longer hours, feel m ore stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends ― not to mention strangers. And what’s more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.
The techno gurus (领袖)promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.
If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time
itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24 hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attention.
And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commoditized activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each other’s electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver. Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention. Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect? Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. If this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than time ― our sense of what it means to be a caring human being.
1. According to the passage, corporate executives think that______.
2. Which of the following is NOT true?
3. What is the most valuable resource for the .com generation?
4. In the sixth paragraph, the author implied that______.
5. An appropriate title for the passage might be______.
问题1选项
A.technology renaissance should be pushed forward
B.technology has a profound impact on their lives.
C.technology actually results in a decline in their life quality
D.technology should be aggressively championed
问题2选项
A.Technology was supposed to free people.
B.The .com generation became slaves of technology.
C.New technologies occupy much of our time.
D.It is difficult to avoid the influence of technology wonders.
问题3选项
A.Technological wonders.
B.Access to information.
C.Time
D.Time-saving devices.
问题4选项
A.social conservatives blamed the loss of morality on technology
B.the .com generation was less civil than the earlier generations
C.the hyper speed culture led to the decline in civility
D.technology might make people less impatient
问题5选项
A.The New Internet Life
B.The Drawbacks of too Much Access
C.The Failure of Technological Renaissance
D.The Declining Quality of Life
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。

由文章第二段中的Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in
our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? “No, quite contrary.”（我们在
工作、家庭和社区的生活质量是否与我们生活中引入的所有新互联网和企业对企业的互联网服务成正比？“不，完全相反。

”）可知C选项“技术实际上导致了他们生活质量的下降”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。

由文章第三段中的Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.（相反，本应解放我们的科技奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一个似乎无法轻易摆脱的联系网中）但并不是说网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此选B。

3.细节事实题。

由文章第四段中的Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources.（我们的每一个空闲时间都充满了某种形式的商业联系，使时间本身成为所有资源中最稀缺的）可知选C。

4.推理判断题。

文章第六段中的Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?（有没有人问过，高速发展的文化是否让我们所有人都变得不那么有耐心，不太愿意倾听、推迟、考虑和反思？）可知D选项“科技可能会使人失去耐心”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。

本文主要介绍了科技给人们生活带来的负面影响，因此B选项“使用过多的缺点”符合题意。

8.
翻译题
Translate the following into English.
当我们不堪重负、沮丧、失落，或因为我们认为倒霉的事总是光临我们而处于消极状态时，将这些消极的思想转变为积极的至关重要。

从一件积极的小事情开始，并且一整天就一直重复想着，你将进入一个更加积极的状态，这样练下去，很快你会发现你将改变你的观点，选择快乐的生活，而不在意周围那些琐事。

【答案】When we are stressed, depressed, upset, or otherwise in a negative state of mind because we perceive that “bad things” keep happening to us, it is important to shift those negative thoughts to something positive. If you start with one small, positive thing and repeat it during the course of your day, you will begin to move into a more positive situation. With practice, you will find that over time, you will change your outlook and choose to be happy, irregardless of the events around you.
9.
单选题
Please（）those old newspapers while you’re cleaning up the room.问题1选项
A.dispose out
B.dispose of
C.dispose away
D.dispose in
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组搭配。

A选项dispose out非短语搭配；B选项dispose of处理，转让，卖掉；C选项dispose away 非短语搭配；D选项dispose in非短语搭配。

因此，只有B项为正确搭配，且符合题意。

句意：请你在清理房间的时候丢掉这些过期的报纸。

10.
单选题
Norris has decided to for some evening class next them now that he has settled down in New York.
问题1选项
A.enroll
B.enlist
C.engage
D.enter
【答案】A
【解析】查短语搭配。

A选项enroll v.参加，注册，登记；B选项enlist v. 谋取，征募，使入伍；C选项engage v.从事，答应，保证，订婚；D选项enter v.进入，开始，增加。

由句意可知，既然Norris现在已经在纽约定居下来，那么他打算下学期报名参加一些晚上的课。

因此，正确答案为A。

11.
单选题
Violence in American families takes many forms. One prevalent form that we often overlook is the physical punishment of children. Perhaps 93% of all parents beat their children in order to discipline them. Young children receive the most punishments, but studies reveal that about 50% of high school seniors report experiencing or being threatened with physical punishment. Punishment of children varies form a light tap to brutal beating, but historically we have granted parents the right to use physical force against their children. A law passed in 1696, for example. Called for the death penalty of “sufficient understanding” over the age of 16 who cursed or struck a parent who was “stubborn and rebellious” in refusing to obey a parent. From interviews with 2134 married couples constituting a cross-section of American families, sociologists estimate parents kick, punch, or bite some 1.7 million children a year, beat 460,000 to 750,000 more, and attack 46,000 with guns or knives. Physical punishment of children that results in injuries requiring medical treatment is now generally considered to be abusive. Most people do not realize, however, that it is the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys, that lays the groundwork for child abuse. According to David Gil, “in most accidents of child abuse the care taker s involved are ‘normal’ individuals exercising their right of disciplining a child whose behavior they found in need of correction.” If one adult were to strike another, most people would regard such behavior as abusive.
Most parents use physical punishment in the belief that it will control the aggression in their children and make them obedient. In fact, violence — whether verbal or physical —sets children a poor example. An adult who yells at or slaps a child unwittingly supply the child with a model for aggression. Studies have found that the frequent use of physical punishment for aggressive acts by a child results in a marked increase in the child’s aggression. Perhaps not surprisingly, abusive parents are themselves likely to have been abused when they were children. The pattern of abuse is unwittingly translated from parent to child and thus from generation to generation.
1. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
2. The italicized word “it” in line of the second para graph refers to（）.
3. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
4. The number of the children being threatened by beating is（）.
5. What is the author’s attitude toward physical punishment by parents?
问题1选项
A.Punishment was once justified in American law
B.Most of the parents have used physical punishment to discipline disobedient children in America.
C.High school students rarely receive punishment from their parents
D.Child abuse is rooted in American culture.
问题2选项
A.physical punishment
B.the cultural approval
C.the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment
D.injuries requiring medical treatment
问题3选项
A.Physical punishment is helpful for parents to correct children's indecent behavior
B.Parents who use physical punishment to discipline their children should be punished by the law.
C.A child who is severely punished will revenge the abuse on his own child in later life.
D.Parents who punish children physically actually set bad example of aggression for their children.
问题4选项
A.at least 2,143 per year.
B.at most 750,000 per year.
C.over 46,000 per year
D.about 17,000,000 per year
问题5选项
A.disagreeing
B.supporting
C.understanding
D.severely critical
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:D
【解析】1.细节事实题。

由文章第一段“...but studies reveal that about 50% of high school seniors report experiencing or being threatened with physical punishment.”可知，研究表明，大约50%的高中生声称遭受体罚或者受到体罚的威胁。

因此，C项“髙中生很少遭受父母的体罚”表述错误，其它选项都可在原文中找到出处。

故本题答案为C项。

2.词汇题。

将it定位到原文第二段Most people do not realize, however, that it is the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys, that lays the ground work for child abuse.中分析可知，然而大部分人没有意识到，正是因为“普通”体罚的经常使用以及它所享有的文化认可，才会为虐待孩子打下基础。

根据句子结构可知，it指代的是 the regular use of “ordinary” p hysical punishment。

因此，正确答案是C项。

3.推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段“Most parents use physical punishment in the belief that it will control the aggression in their children and make them obedient. In fact, violence----whether verbal or physical— sets children a poor example. An adult who yells at or slaps a child unwittingly supply the child with a model for aggression. Studies have found that the frequent use of physical punishment for aggressive acts by a child results in a marked increase in the child’s aggression.”可知，大多数父母采取体罚，是认为体罚会控制孩子的攻击行为并使孩子听话，但事实上，无论是言语还是肢体暴力，都会给孩子建立不好的榜样。

那些大喊大叫或者打孩子的成年人会不自觉地为孩子提供侵略性（攻击性）的模板。

研究发现，经常因为孩子的攻击性行为而体罚孩子，反而会激化孩子的攻击行为。

因此可判断A项错误，D项正确。

原文中并未体现B项“应该受到法律惩罚”这一观点；也未说明受过虐待的父母会在晚年会报复虐待自己的孩子，他们只是会不自觉地影响到下一代的教育方式，故排除C。

因此，本题正确答案为D项。

4.细节事实题。

由原文第—段“From i nterviews with 2134 married couples ...beat 460,000 to 750,000 more, ...”可知，受到殴打威胁的孩子数量是在460,000到750,000以上。

因此， B项“至多每年750,000”与原文不符，正确答案应为C项“每年超过46,000”。

5.观点态度题。

本文主要讲述了父母体罚孩子的普遍性。

如今体罚已被视为虐待。

体罚不仅给孩子树立了坏榜样，而且会加剧孩子的攻击性。

在儿童时期被体罚虐待的父母在教育下一代时也很可能会虐待孩子。

由此可知，整篇文章对于体罚持否定态度，排除B和C。

而从文章整体来看，作者对于体罚的态度不仅是不认同更具有批判性。

因此，D项“严厉地批判”更为符合作者的态度。

12.
单选题
Since British settlers first occupied this country. English has been the language in the United States.
问题1选项
A.practicable
B.prevalent
C.predominant
D.popular
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

A选项practicable adj.可用的，可行得通的；B选项prevalent adj.流行的，普遍的；C选项predominant adj.主要的，卓越的，有支配力的；D选项popular adj.流行的，通俗的。

根据句意可知，自从英国殖民者第一次占领这个国家开始，英语就成为了美国的主流语言。

因此，正确答案为C项。

13.
单选题
As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to______the weekly staff meeting.
问题1选项
A.preside
B.introduce
C.chair
D.dominate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项preside“主持，指挥”，为不及物动词，后面常接over；B选项introduce“介绍”；C选项chair“担任主席，主持(会议、讨论等)”，为及物动词；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。

句意：经理出差了，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。

14.
单选题
Never before（）as rapidly, as during the last three decades.
问题1选项
munications have developed
B.have communications developed
C.have developed communications
D.developed communications
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装句。

句意：沟通交流从未像过去30年这样发展迅速。

否定词never置于句首，句子后半部分需要进行部分倒装。

因此，需要将“have”提前，即正确答案为B项。

15.
单选题
To develop light industry in a big way（）to improving the people’s livelihood.
问题1选项
A.owes
B.attributes
C.distributes
D.contributes
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语搭配。

A选项owes to...归功于，因为B选项attributes to把……归功于；C选项distributes to分销，分发给；D选项contributes to对……有贡献，有好处。

根据句意可知，大力发展轻工业有利于提高人民生活水平，因此D项正确。