2013安徽高考英语＂任务型读写题＂解题指导及常用词汇

2013安徽高考英语＂任务型读写题＂解题指导一命题特点
任务型读写的题型结构为一篇300字左右的短文和表格，要求考生对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，而后准确、有序地完成表格的空缺(根据说明，一空只填一词)。

这体现出了新课改增加客观表达题的努力。

要想做好此类题型，学生首先要了解表格的设置。

表格一般是文章的整体行文结构，包括标题、段落大意、文章细节，结论等部分。

其次要领悟空缺的类型。

①筛选类（直接类）：通过定位题目在文章中的位置即可找到答案，一般为原词。

②整合类（转化类）：要对文章的原句进行加工，根据句型结构变化和语法要求提炼出的新词，如：
There are mainly two types of sources. →There are two ____types of sources. (main)。

③概括类：根据说明，要能概括出文章的标题、段落大意、文章目的、结论等，要求较高。

同学们在填空时务必要仔细，如单词大小写、单复数、词性等。

二解题对策
短文后的表格是要考生根据文章结构和层次进行填写。

反过来讲表格的设计也会帮助考生理解文章内容和层次结构。

只要考生按照表格中的框架结构去阅读理解短文，到文章中找到与每一小题涉及到的信息的相关位置，再运用＂同义转述＂技巧，则可得出答案。

考生要分析所填的词在句中的语法作用、准确拼写单词的形式。

答题步骤
１、速读表格，初步理解原文主旨大意和结构层次；
２、带题扫文，找到每一小题涉及到的信息并根据文义确定词义；
3、细读题目，注意所填单词在上下文中的词性和词形。

4.复读图文，核实答案.
三复习建议
1.词汇语法基础是保障（谨防想出了答案却写不正确）
2.提高阅读技能和速度（平时有意识提高文章概括整合能力，能熟练完成文章的outline）
高三任务型阅读常用词汇归纳
一归纳类常用词汇：
原因和结果： reason(for) , cause (of)， result/effect/consequence(of)，
异同点与优缺点：difference, similarity； advantage/benefit, disadvantage
观点与态度：opinion/view (on/about), attitude to/towards
评论、评价：comment (on) , remark (on/upon) ,
方式、方法：means (of), way(to do/of doing)，solution (to the problem), approach ( to doing...); take measures to do…
目的：purpose , aim , goal 功能作用：function
建议： advice[u] , suggestion , tip 概括、总结: summary , conclusion 特点： feature , characteristic 种类：kind , type , category
精神上与身体上：mentally ，physically 影响 : influence /impact/effect (on ) 情形,状况: situation，condition 建立：build , create , establish , found
出现：appear ,occur(red) 实现，完成：reach , realize , accomplish
必要，必需 : must /necessity 方面，项目条款：item / aspect
存在 : existence exist 知识消息：knowledge / information 日程计划 : schedule 百分比：percentage 花费 : cost/expense
积极和消极：positive ,negative; optimistic 性别:sex 年龄:age 材料:materials 忧虑，担忧，焦急 : concern worry, anxiety 满意 :satisfaction 细节 : detail (不)熟悉 :familiar /unfamiliar 个人，个人的: individual 文化 : culture
责任:(take) responsibility for 贡献: (make) contributions to
重要 : value/importance/significance 比较: comparison 时期:
period
天气与气候 : weather[u] / climate [c] 位置: location 人口: population
反对者与支持者：opponent,supporter 背景: setting，background
主题 theme 话题topic 标题 title 情节:plot 高
潮:climax 结尾:ending
二转换类常用句型：
1.100 years = 1 century = 10 decades
2.take advantage of = make use of
3.make full use of = make the most of
4.at the beginning = at first
5.consider… =take…into consideration/account.
6.despite = in spite of
7 commit oneself to doing… =promise to do sth. 8.stop = quit = give up
9.socially responsible =social responsibility 10.be accused of = be charged with 11.starve to death =die of hunger/ starvation 12.sb use…up =sb run out of…(主动) 13 most of the people=the majority of the people 14 run out=give out=be used up(被动)
15.be tired out = be worn out = be exhausted 16.explain sth =make an explanation 17.approve of= be in favor/support of =favor sth. 18 compensate for = make up for 19.besides = in addition to = apart from 20.be better than = be superior to 21.be over = end = put/bring …to an end 22 online = on the Internet
23.make an apology to sb= apologize to sb. 24 every year = yearly = annually 25.offer sth. to sb.=provide/supply sth. for sb. 26.in part = partly
27. be responsible for = take/ shoulder/ bear responsibility for
28. since the beginning of human evolution = throughout human history
29.Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities. = Americans have been migrating south and west for decades, seeking a better job/ searching for /looking for a better job.
30.housing-related reasons = reasons related/linked/relevant to/connected with housing
31.take an active part in = take part in sth. actively
32. encourage participation in quiet activities
= encourage children to participate in /take part in/ play a role in quite activities
33. be hooked on headphones = be addicted to headphones
34.valuable information = information of great value
35.understand clearly = have a clear understanding of sth.
36.affect = have an effect/influence/impact on sth.
37.matter = count = be very important = be of importance = make sense = make a difference
38. kills sb. = sth. costs sb. sth. = claim one’s life
39. share less than 2% = account for less than 2%= make up
40.learn good citizenship = learn to be good citizens
41.list the things that you are good at = list what/all you are good at
42.have access to = be acceptable/accessible/available to
43.cater to /for one’s needs / demands /requirements = satisfy / meet one’s ….
44.sth. benefit sb. = be beneficial to sb. = be of benefit to = sb. benefit from sth .
45.oppose the move =be against the move= object to/disagree with/=be opposed to the move出师表
两汉：诸葛亮
先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。

然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。

诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。

宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同。

若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。

侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。

将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督：愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。

亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。

先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。

侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。

臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。

先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。

后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。

先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。

受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明；故五月渡泸，深入不毛。

今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。

此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。

至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。

愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。

若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。

臣不胜受恩感激。

今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。